fix: aerich init-db process is suspended (#435)

* fix style issue

* fixing m2m test error

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -18,17 +18,67 @@ jobs:
           POSTGRES_PASSWORD: 123456
           POSTGRES_USER: postgres
         options: --health-cmd=pg_isready --health-interval 10s --health-timeout 5s --health-retries 5
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        python-version: ["3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
+        tortoise-orm:
+          - tortoise021
+          - tortoise022
+          - tortoise023
+          - tortoise024
+          # TODO: add dev back when drop python3.8 support
+          # - tortoisedev
     steps:
       - name: Start MySQL
         run: sudo systemctl start mysql.service
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
-          python-version: '3.x'
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      - uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ~/.cache/pip
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-pip-${{ hashFiles('**/poetry.lock') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-pip-
       - name: Install and configure Poetry
         run: |
-          pip install -U pip poetry
+          pip install -U pip
-          poetry config virtualenvs.create false
+          if [[ "${{ matrix.python-version }}" == "3.8" ]]; then
+            # poetry2.0+ does not support installed by python3.8, but can manage project using py38
+            python3.12 -m pip install "poetry>=2.0"
+          else
+            pip install "poetry>=2.0"
+          fi
+          poetry env use python${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      - name: Install dependencies and check style
+        run: poetry run make check
+      - name: Install TortoiseORM v0.21
+        if: matrix.tortoise-orm == 'tortoise021'
+        run: poetry run pip install --upgrade "tortoise-orm>=0.21,<0.22"
+      - name: Install TortoiseORM v0.22
+        if: matrix.tortoise-orm == 'tortoise022'
+        run: poetry run pip install --upgrade "tortoise-orm>=0.22,<0.23"
+      - name: Install TortoiseORM v0.23
+        if: matrix.tortoise-orm == 'tortoise023'
+        run: poetry run pip install --upgrade "tortoise-orm>=0.23,<0.24"
+      - name: Install TortoiseORM v0.24
+        if: matrix.tortoise-orm == 'tortoise024'
+        run: |
+          if [[ "${{ matrix.python-version }}" == "3.8" ]]; then
+            echo "Skip test for tortoise v0.24 as it does not support Python3.8"
+          else
+            poetry run pip install --upgrade "tortoise-orm>=0.24,<0.25"
+          fi
+      - name: Install TortoiseORM develop branch
+        if: matrix.tortoise-orm == 'tortoisedev'
+        run: |
+          if [[ "${{ matrix.python-version }}" == "3.8" ]]; then
+            echo "Skip test for tortoise develop branch as it does not support Python3.8"
+          else
+            poetry run pip uninstall -y tortoise-orm
+            poetry run pip install --upgrade "git+https://github.com/tortoise/tortoise-orm"
+          fi
       - name: CI
         env:
           MYSQL_PASS: root
@@ -37,4 +87,23 @@ jobs:
           POSTGRES_PASS: 123456
           POSTGRES_HOST: 127.0.0.1
           POSTGRES_PORT: 5432
-        run: make ci
+        run: poetry run make _testall
+      - name: Verify aiomysql support
+        # Only check the latest version of tortoise
+        if: matrix.tortoise-orm == 'tortoise024'
+        run: |
+            poetry run pip uninstall -y asyncmy
+            poetry run make test_mysql
+            poetry run pip install asyncmy
+        env:
+          MYSQL_PASS: root
+          MYSQL_HOST: 127.0.0.1
+          MYSQL_PORT: 3306
+      - name: Verify psycopg support
+        # Only check the latest version of tortoise
+        if: matrix.tortoise-orm == 'tortoise024'
+        run: poetry run make test_psycopg
+        env:
+          POSTGRES_PASS: 123456
+          POSTGRES_HOST: 127.0.0.1
+          POSTGRES_PORT: 5432

.github/workflows/pypi.yml

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ jobs:
   publish:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
           python-version: '3.x'
       - name: Install and configure Poetry

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,8 +1,98 @@
 # ChangeLog
 
+## 0.8
+
+### [0.8.3]**(Unreleased)**
+
+#### Fixed
+- fix: `aerich init-db` process is suspended. ([#435])
+
+[#435]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/435
+
+### [0.8.2](../../releases/tag/v0.8.2) - 2025-02-28
+
+#### Added
+- Support changes `max_length` or int type for primary key field. ([#428])
+- feat: support psycopg. ([#425])
+- Support run `poetry add aerich` in project that inited by poetry v2. ([#424])
+- feat: support command `python -m aerich`. ([#417])
+- feat: add --fake to upgrade/downgrade. ([#398])
+- Support ignore table by settings `managed=False` in `Meta` class. ([#397])
+
+#### Fixed
+- fix: aerich migrate raises tortoise.exceptions.FieldError when `index.INDEX_TYPE` is not empty. ([#415])
+- No migration occurs as expected when adding `unique=True` to indexed field. ([#404])
+- fix: inspectdb raise KeyError 'int2' for smallint. ([#401])
+- fix: inspectdb not match data type 'DOUBLE' and 'CHAR' for MySQL. ([#187])
+
+### Changed
+- Refactored version management to use `importlib.metadata.version(__package__)` instead of hardcoded version string ([#412])
+
+[#397]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/397
+[#398]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/398
+[#401]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/401
+[#404]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/404
+[#412]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/412
+[#415]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/415
+[#417]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/417
+[#424]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/424
+[#425]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/425
+
+### [0.8.1](../../releases/tag/v0.8.1) - 2024-12-27
+
+#### Fixed
+- fix: add o2o field does not create constraint when migrating. ([#396])
+- Migration with duplicate renaming of columns in some cases. ([#395])
+- fix: intermediate table for m2m relation not created. ([#394])
+- Migrate add m2m field with custom through generate duplicated table. ([#393])
+- Migrate drop the wrong m2m field when model have multi m2m fields. ([#376])
+- KeyError raised when removing or renaming an existing model. ([#386])
+- fix: error when there is `__init__.py` in the migration folder. ([#272])
+- Setting null=false on m2m field causes migration to fail. ([#334])
+- Fix NonExistentKey when running `aerich init` without `[tool]` section in config file. ([#284])
+- Fix configuration file reading error when containing Chinese characters. ([#286])
+- sqlite: failed to create/drop index. ([#302])
+- PostgreSQL: Cannot drop constraint after deleting or rename FK on a model. ([#378])
+- Fix create/drop indexes in every migration. ([#377])
+- Sort m2m fields before comparing them with diff. ([#271])
+
+#### Changed
+- Allow run `aerich init-db` with empty migration directories instead of abort with warnings. ([#286])
+- Add version constraint(>=0.21) for tortoise-orm. ([#388])
+- Move `tomlkit` to optional and support `pip install aerich[toml]`. ([#392])
+
+[#396]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/396
+[#395]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/395
+[#394]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/394
+[#393]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/393
+[#392]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/392
+[#388]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/388
+[#386]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/386
+[#378]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/378
+[#377]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/377
+[#376]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/376
+[#334]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/334
+[#302]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/302
+[#286]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/286
+[#284]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/284
+[#272]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/272
+[#271]: https://github.com/tortoise/aerich/pull/271
+
+### [0.8.0](../../releases/tag/v0.8.0) - 2024-12-04
+
+- Fix the issue of parameter concatenation when generating ORM with inspectdb (#331)
+- Fix KeyError when deleting a field with unqiue=True. (#364)
+- Correct the click import. (#360)
+- Improve CLI help text and output. (#355)
+- Fix mysql drop unique index raises OperationalError. (#346)
+
+  **Upgrade note:**
+    1. Use column name as unique key name for mysql
+    2. Drop support for Python3.7
+
 ## 0.7
 
-### 0.7.2
+### [0.7.2](../../releases/tag/v0.7.2) - 2023-07-20
 
 - Support virtual fields.
 - Fix modify multiple times. (#279)

Makefile

@@ -1,32 +1,43 @@
 checkfiles = aerich/ tests/ conftest.py
-black_opts = -l 100 -t py38
 py_warn = PYTHONDEVMODE=1
 MYSQL_HOST ?= "127.0.0.1"
 MYSQL_PORT ?= 3306
 MYSQL_PASS ?= "123456"
 POSTGRES_HOST ?= "127.0.0.1"
 POSTGRES_PORT ?= 5432
-POSTGRES_PASS ?= "123456"
+POSTGRES_PASS ?= 123456
 
 up:
 	@poetry update
 
 deps:
-	@poetry install -E asyncpg -E asyncmy
+	@poetry install --all-extras --all-groups
 
-style: deps
+_style:
-	@isort -src $(checkfiles)
+	@ruff check --fix $(checkfiles)
-	@black $(black_opts) $(checkfiles)
+	@ruff format $(checkfiles)
+style: deps _style
 
-check: deps
+_check:
-	@black --check $(black_opts) $(checkfiles) || (echo "Please run 'make style' to auto-fix style issues" && false)
+	@ruff format --check $(checkfiles) || (echo "Please run 'make style' to auto-fix style issues" && false)
-	@ruff $(checkfiles)
+	@ruff check $(checkfiles)
+	@mypy $(checkfiles)
+	@bandit -r aerich
+check: deps _check
+
+_lint: _build
+	@ruff format $(checkfiles)
+	ruff check --fix $(checkfiles)
+	mypy $(checkfiles)
+	bandit -c pyproject.toml -r $(checkfiles)
+	twine check dist/*
+lint: deps _lint
 
 test: deps
-	$(py_warn) TEST_DB=sqlite://:memory: py.test
+	$(py_warn) TEST_DB=sqlite://:memory: pytest
 
 test_sqlite:
-	$(py_warn) TEST_DB=sqlite://:memory: py.test
+	$(py_warn) TEST_DB=sqlite://:memory: pytest
 
 test_mysql:
 	$(py_warn) TEST_DB="mysql://root:$(MYSQL_PASS)@$(MYSQL_HOST):$(MYSQL_PORT)/test_\{\}" pytest -vv -s
@@ -34,9 +45,14 @@ test_mysql:
 test_postgres:
 	$(py_warn) TEST_DB="postgres://postgres:$(POSTGRES_PASS)@$(POSTGRES_HOST):$(POSTGRES_PORT)/test_\{\}" pytest -vv -s
 
-testall: deps test_sqlite test_postgres test_mysql
+test_psycopg:
+	$(py_warn) TEST_DB="psycopg://postgres:$(POSTGRES_PASS)@$(POSTGRES_HOST):$(POSTGRES_PORT)/test_\{\}" pytest -vv -s
 
-build: deps
+_testall: test_sqlite test_postgres test_mysql
+testall: deps _testall
+
+_build:
 	@poetry build
+build: deps _build
 
-ci: check testall
+ci: build _check _testall

README.md

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ it\'s own migration solution.
 Just install from pypi:
 
 ```shell
-pip install aerich
+pip install "aerich[toml]"
 ```
 
 ## Quick Start
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Commands:
 
 ## Usage
 
-You need add `aerich.models` to your `Tortoise-ORM` config first. Example:
+You need to add `aerich.models` to your `Tortoise-ORM` config first. Example:
 
 ```python
 TORTOISE_ORM = {
@@ -113,6 +113,14 @@ If `aerich` guesses you are renaming a column, it will ask `Rename {old_column}
 `True` to rename column without column drop, or choose `False` to drop the column then create. Note that the latter may
 lose data.
 
+If you need to manually write migration, you could generate empty file:
+
+```shell
+> aerich migrate --name add_index --empty
+
+Success migrate 1_202326122220101229_add_index.py
+```
+
 ### Upgrade to latest version
 
 ```shell
@@ -218,14 +226,14 @@ from tortoise import Model, fields
 
 
 class Test(Model):
-    date = fields.DateField(null=True, )
+    date = fields.DateField(null=True)
-    datetime = fields.DatetimeField(auto_now=True, )
+    datetime = fields.DatetimeField(auto_now=True)
-    decimal = fields.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, )
+    decimal = fields.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2)
-    float = fields.FloatField(null=True, )
+    float = fields.FloatField(null=True)
-    id = fields.IntField(pk=True, )
+    id = fields.IntField(primary_key=True)
-    string = fields.CharField(max_length=200, null=True, )
+    string = fields.CharField(max_length=200, null=True)
-    time = fields.TimeField(null=True, )
+    time = fields.TimeField(null=True)
-    tinyint = fields.BooleanField(null=True, )
+    tinyint = fields.BooleanField(null=True)
 ```
 
 Note that this command is limited and can't infer some fields, such as `IntEnumField`, `ForeignKeyField`, and others.
@@ -235,8 +243,8 @@ Note that this command is limited and can't infer some fields, such as `IntEnumF
 ```python
 tortoise_orm = {
     "connections": {
-        "default": expand_db_url(db_url, True),
+        "default": "postgres://postgres_user:postgres_pass@127.0.0.1:5432/db1",
-        "second": expand_db_url(db_url_second, True),
+        "second": "postgres://postgres_user:postgres_pass@127.0.0.1:5432/db2",
     },
     "apps": {
         "models": {"models": ["tests.models", "aerich.models"], "default_connection": "default"},
@@ -245,7 +253,7 @@ tortoise_orm = {
 }
 ```
 
-You only need to specify `aerich.models` in one app, and must specify `--app` when running `aerich migrate` and so on.
+You only need to specify `aerich.models` in one app, and must specify `--app` when running `aerich migrate` and so on, e.g. `aerich --app models_second migrate`.
 
 ## Restore `aerich` workflow
 
@@ -265,11 +273,38 @@ You can use `aerich` out of cli by use `Command` class.
 ```python
 from aerich import Command
 
-command = Command(tortoise_config=config, app='models')
+async with Command(tortoise_config=config, app='models') as command:
-await command.init()
+    await command.migrate('test')
-await command.migrate('test')
+    await command.upgrade()
 ```
 
+## Upgrade/Downgrade with `--fake` option
+
+Marks the migrations up to the latest one(or back to the target one) as applied, but without actually running the SQL to change your database schema.
+
+- Upgrade
+
+```bash
+aerich upgrade --fake
+aerich --app models upgrade --fake
+```
+- Downgrade
+
+```bash
+aerich downgrade --fake -v 2
+aerich --app models downgrade --fake -v 2
+```
+
+### Ignore tables
+
+You can tell aerich to ignore table by setting `managed=False` in the `Meta` class, e.g.:
+```py
+class MyModel(Model):
+    class Meta:
+        managed = False
+```
+**Note** `managed=False` does not recognized by `tortoise-orm` and `aerich init-db`, it is only for `aerich migrate`.
+
 ## License
 
 This project is licensed under the

aerich/__init__.py

@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
-import os
+from __future__ import annotations
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import List
 
-from tortoise import Tortoise, generate_schema_for_client
+import os
+import platform
+from contextlib import AbstractAsyncContextManager
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import tortoise
+from tortoise import Tortoise, connections, generate_schema_for_client
 from tortoise.exceptions import OperationalError
 from tortoise.transactions import in_transaction
 from tortoise.utils import get_schema_sql
@@ -20,26 +25,147 @@ from aerich.utils import (
     import_py_file,
 )
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from tortoise import Model
+    from tortoise.fields.relational import ManyToManyFieldInstance  # NOQA:F401
 
-class Command:
+    from aerich.inspectdb import Inspect
+
+
+def _init_asyncio_patch():
+    """
+    Select compatible event loop for psycopg3.
+
+    As of Python 3.8+, the default event loop on Windows is `proactor`,
+    however psycopg3 requires the old default "selector" event loop.
+    See https://www.psycopg.org/psycopg3/docs/advanced/async.html
+    """
+    if platform.system() == "Windows":
+        try:
+            from asyncio import WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy  # type:ignore
+        except ImportError:
+            pass  # Can't assign a policy which doesn't exist.
+        else:
+            from asyncio import get_event_loop_policy, set_event_loop_policy
+
+            if not isinstance(get_event_loop_policy(), WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy):
+                set_event_loop_policy(WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy())
+
+
+def _init_tortoise_0_24_1_patch():
+    # this patch is for "tortoise-orm==0.24.1" to fix:
+    # https://github.com/tortoise/tortoise-orm/issues/1893
+    if tortoise.__version__ != "0.24.1":
+        return
+    from tortoise.backends.base.schema_generator import BaseSchemaGenerator, cast, re
+
+    def _get_m2m_tables(
+        self, model: type[Model], db_table: str, safe: bool, models_tables: list[str]
+    ) -> list[str]:  # Copied from tortoise-orm
+        m2m_tables_for_create = []
+        for m2m_field in model._meta.m2m_fields:
+            field_object = cast("ManyToManyFieldInstance", model._meta.fields_map[m2m_field])
+            if field_object._generated or field_object.through in models_tables:
+                continue
+            backward_key, forward_key = field_object.backward_key, field_object.forward_key
+            if field_object.db_constraint:
+                backward_fk = self._create_fk_string(
+                    "",
+                    backward_key,
+                    db_table,
+                    model._meta.db_pk_column,
+                    field_object.on_delete,
+                    "",
+                )
+                forward_fk = self._create_fk_string(
+                    "",
+                    forward_key,
+                    field_object.related_model._meta.db_table,
+                    field_object.related_model._meta.db_pk_column,
+                    field_object.on_delete,
+                    "",
+                )
+            else:
+                backward_fk = forward_fk = ""
+            exists = "IF NOT EXISTS " if safe else ""
+            through_table_name = field_object.through
+            backward_type = self._get_pk_field_sql_type(model._meta.pk)
+            forward_type = self._get_pk_field_sql_type(field_object.related_model._meta.pk)
+            comment = ""
+            if desc := field_object.description:
+                comment = self._table_comment_generator(table=through_table_name, comment=desc)
+            m2m_create_string = self.M2M_TABLE_TEMPLATE.format(
+                exists=exists,
+                table_name=through_table_name,
+                backward_fk=backward_fk,
+                forward_fk=forward_fk,
+                backward_key=backward_key,
+                backward_type=backward_type,
+                forward_key=forward_key,
+                forward_type=forward_type,
+                extra=self._table_generate_extra(table=field_object.through),
+                comment=comment,
+            )
+            if not field_object.db_constraint:
+                m2m_create_string = m2m_create_string.replace(
+                    """,
+    ,
+    """,
+                    "",
+                )  # may have better way
+            m2m_create_string += self._post_table_hook()
+            if getattr(field_object, "create_unique_index", field_object.unique):
+                unique_index_create_sql = self._get_unique_index_sql(
+                    exists, through_table_name, [backward_key, forward_key]
+                )
+                if unique_index_create_sql.endswith(";"):
+                    m2m_create_string += "\n" + unique_index_create_sql
+                else:
+                    lines = m2m_create_string.splitlines()
+                    lines[-2] += ","
+                    indent = m.group() if (m := re.match(r"\s+", lines[-2])) else ""
+                    lines.insert(-1, indent + unique_index_create_sql)
+                    m2m_create_string = "\n".join(lines)
+            m2m_tables_for_create.append(m2m_create_string)
+        return m2m_tables_for_create
+
+    setattr(BaseSchemaGenerator, "_get_m2m_tables", _get_m2m_tables)
+
+
+_init_asyncio_patch()
+_init_tortoise_0_24_1_patch()
+
+
+class Command(AbstractAsyncContextManager):
     def __init__(
         self,
         tortoise_config: dict,
         app: str = "models",
         location: str = "./migrations",
-    ):
+    ) -> None:
         self.tortoise_config = tortoise_config
         self.app = app
         self.location = location
         Migrate.app = app
 
-    async def init(self):
+    async def init(self) -> None:
         await Migrate.init(self.tortoise_config, self.app, self.location)
 
-    async def _upgrade(self, conn, version_file):
+    async def __aenter__(self) -> Command:
+        await self.init()
+        return self
+
+    async def close(self) -> None:
+        await connections.close_all()
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, *args, **kw) -> None:
+        await self.close()
+
+    async def _upgrade(self, conn, version_file, fake: bool = False) -> None:
         file_path = Path(Migrate.migrate_location, version_file)
         m = import_py_file(file_path)
-        upgrade = getattr(m, "upgrade")
+        upgrade = m.upgrade
+        if not fake:
             await conn.execute_script(await upgrade(conn))
         await Aerich.create(
             version=version_file,
@@ -47,7 +173,7 @@ class Command:
             content=get_models_describe(self.app),
         )
 
-    async def upgrade(self, run_in_transaction: bool):
+    async def upgrade(self, run_in_transaction: bool = True, fake: bool = False) -> list[str]:
         migrated = []
         for version_file in Migrate.get_all_version_files():
             try:
@@ -58,15 +184,15 @@ class Command:
                 app_conn_name = get_app_connection_name(self.tortoise_config, self.app)
                 if run_in_transaction:
                     async with in_transaction(app_conn_name) as conn:
-                        await self._upgrade(conn, version_file)
+                        await self._upgrade(conn, version_file, fake=fake)
                 else:
                     app_conn = get_app_connection(self.tortoise_config, self.app)
-                    await self._upgrade(app_conn, version_file)
+                    await self._upgrade(app_conn, version_file, fake=fake)
                 migrated.append(version_file)
         return migrated
 
-    async def downgrade(self, version: int, delete: bool):
+    async def downgrade(self, version: int, delete: bool, fake: bool = False) -> list[str]:
-        ret = []
+        ret: list[str] = []
         if version == -1:
             specified_version = await Migrate.get_last_version()
         else:
@@ -79,25 +205,26 @@ class Command:
             versions = [specified_version]
         else:
             versions = await Aerich.filter(app=self.app, pk__gte=specified_version.pk)
-        for version in versions:
+        for version_obj in versions:
-            file = version.version
+            file = version_obj.version
             async with in_transaction(
                 get_app_connection_name(self.tortoise_config, self.app)
             ) as conn:
                 file_path = Path(Migrate.migrate_location, file)
                 m = import_py_file(file_path)
-                downgrade = getattr(m, "downgrade")
+                downgrade = m.downgrade
                 downgrade_sql = await downgrade(conn)
                 if not downgrade_sql.strip():
                     raise DowngradeError("No downgrade items found")
+                if not fake:
                     await conn.execute_script(downgrade_sql)
-                await version.delete()
+                await version_obj.delete()
                 if delete:
                     os.unlink(file_path)
                 ret.append(file)
         return ret
 
-    async def heads(self):
+    async def heads(self) -> list[str]:
         ret = []
         versions = Migrate.get_all_version_files()
         for version in versions:
@@ -105,15 +232,15 @@ class Command:
                 ret.append(version)
         return ret
 
-    async def history(self):
+    async def history(self) -> list[str]:
         versions = Migrate.get_all_version_files()
         return [version for version in versions]
 
-    async def inspectdb(self, tables: List[str] = None) -> str:
+    async def inspectdb(self, tables: list[str] | None = None) -> str:
         connection = get_app_connection(self.tortoise_config, self.app)
         dialect = connection.schema_generator.DIALECT
         if dialect == "mysql":
-            cls = InspectMySQL
+            cls: type[Inspect] = InspectMySQL
         elif dialect == "postgres":
             cls = InspectPostgres
         elif dialect == "sqlite":
@@ -123,14 +250,19 @@ class Command:
         inspect = cls(connection, tables)
         return await inspect.inspect()
 
-    async def migrate(self, name: str = "update"):
+    async def migrate(self, name: str = "update", empty: bool = False) -> str:
-        return await Migrate.migrate(name)
+        return await Migrate.migrate(name, empty)
 
-    async def init_db(self, safe: bool):
+    async def init_db(self, safe: bool) -> None:
         location = self.location
         app = self.app
         dirname = Path(location, app)
+        if not dirname.exists():
             dirname.mkdir(parents=True)
+        else:
+            # If directory is empty, go ahead, otherwise raise FileExistsError
+            for unexpected_file in dirname.glob("*"):
+                raise FileExistsError(str(unexpected_file))
 
         await Tortoise.init(config=self.tortoise_config)
         connection = get_app_connection(self.tortoise_config, app)

aerich/__main__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from .cli import main
+
+main()

aerich/_compat.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# mypy: disable-error-code="no-redef"
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+from types import ModuleType
+
+import tortoise
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    import tomllib
+else:
+    try:
+        import tomli as tomllib
+    except ImportError:
+        import tomlkit as tomllib
+
+
+def imports_tomlkit() -> ModuleType:
+    try:
+        import tomli_w as tomlkit
+    except ImportError:
+        import tomlkit
+    return tomlkit
+
+
+def tortoise_version_less_than(version: str) -> bool:
+    # The min version of tortoise is '0.11.0', so we can compare it by a `<`,
+    return tortoise.__version__ < version

aerich/cli.py

@@ -1,16 +1,14 @@
-import asyncio
+from __future__ import annotations
-import os
-from functools import wraps
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import List
 
-import click
+import os
-import tomlkit
+from pathlib import Path
-from click import Context, UsageError
+from typing import cast
-from tomlkit.exceptions import NonExistentKey
+
-from tortoise import Tortoise
+import asyncclick as click
+from asyncclick import Context, UsageError
 
 from aerich import Command
+from aerich._compat import imports_tomlkit, tomllib
 from aerich.enums import Color
 from aerich.exceptions import DowngradeError
 from aerich.utils import add_src_path, get_tortoise_config
@@ -21,19 +19,20 @@ CONFIG_DEFAULT_VALUES = {
 }
 
 
-def coro(f):
+def _patch_context_to_close_tortoise_connections_when_exit() -> None:
-    @wraps(f)
+    from tortoise import Tortoise, connections
-    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
-        loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
 
-        # Close db connections at the end of all but the cli group function
+    origin_aexit = Context.__aexit__
-        try:
-            loop.run_until_complete(f(*args, **kwargs))
-        finally:
-            if f.__name__ not in ["cli", "init"]:
-                loop.run_until_complete(Tortoise.close_connections())
 
-    return wrapper
+    async def aexit(*args, **kw) -> None:
+        await origin_aexit(*args, **kw)
+        if Tortoise._inited:
+            await connections.close_all()
+
+    Context.__aexit__ = aexit  # type:ignore[method-assign]
+
+
+_patch_context_to_close_tortoise_connections_when_exit()
 
 
 @click.group(context_settings={"help_option_names": ["-h", "--help"]})
@@ -47,8 +46,7 @@ def coro(f):
 )
 @click.option("--app", required=False, help="Tortoise-ORM app name.")
 @click.pass_context
-@coro
+async def cli(ctx: Context, config, app) -> None:
-async def cli(ctx: Context, config, app):
     ctx.ensure_object(dict)
     ctx.obj["config_file"] = config
 
@@ -56,57 +54,78 @@ async def cli(ctx: Context, config, app):
     if invoked_subcommand != "init":
         config_path = Path(config)
         if not config_path.exists():
-            raise UsageError("You must exec init first", ctx=ctx)
+            raise UsageError(
-        content = config_path.read_text()
+                "You need to run `aerich init` first to create the config file.", ctx=ctx
-        doc = tomlkit.parse(content)
+            )
+        content = config_path.read_text("utf-8")
+        doc: dict = tomllib.loads(content)
         try:
-            tool = doc["tool"]["aerich"]
+            tool = cast("dict[str, str]", doc["tool"]["aerich"])
             location = tool["location"]
             tortoise_orm = tool["tortoise_orm"]
             src_folder = tool.get("src_folder", CONFIG_DEFAULT_VALUES["src_folder"])
-        except NonExistentKey:
+        except KeyError as e:
-            raise UsageError("You need run aerich init again when upgrade to 0.6.0+")
+            raise UsageError(
+                "You need run `aerich init` again when upgrading to aerich 0.6.0+."
+            ) from e
         add_src_path(src_folder)
         tortoise_config = get_tortoise_config(ctx, tortoise_orm)
-        app = app or list(tortoise_config.get("apps").keys())[0]
+        if not app:
+            try:
+                apps_config = cast(dict, tortoise_config["apps"])
+            except KeyError:
+                raise UsageError('Config must define "apps" section')
+            app = list(apps_config.keys())[0]
         command = Command(tortoise_config=tortoise_config, app=app, location=location)
         ctx.obj["command"] = command
         if invoked_subcommand != "init-db":
             if not Path(location, app).exists():
-                raise UsageError("You must exec init-db first", ctx=ctx)
+                raise UsageError(
+                    "You need to run `aerich init-db` first to initialize the database.", ctx=ctx
+                )
             await command.init()
 
 
-@cli.command(help="Generate migrate changes file.")
+@cli.command(help="Generate a migration file for the current state of the models.")
-@click.option("--name", default="update", show_default=True, help="Migrate name.")
+@click.option("--name", default="update", show_default=True, help="Migration name.")
+@click.option("--empty", default=False, is_flag=True, help="Generate an empty migration file.")
 @click.pass_context
-@coro
+async def migrate(ctx: Context, name, empty) -> None:
-async def migrate(ctx: Context, name):
     command = ctx.obj["command"]
-    ret = await command.migrate(name)
+    ret = await command.migrate(name, empty)
     if not ret:
         return click.secho("No changes detected", fg=Color.yellow)
-    click.secho(f"Success migrate {ret}", fg=Color.green)
+    click.secho(f"Success creating migration file {ret}", fg=Color.green)
 
 
-@cli.command(help="Upgrade to specified version.")
+@cli.command(help="Upgrade to specified migration version.")
 @click.option(
     "--in-transaction",
     "-i",
     default=True,
     type=bool,
-    help="Make migrations in transaction or not. Can be helpful for large migrations or creating concurrent indexes.",
+    help="Make migrations in a single transaction or not. Can be helpful for large migrations or creating concurrent indexes.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--fake",
+    default=False,
+    is_flag=True,
+    help="Mark migrations as run without actually running them.",
 )
 @click.pass_context
-@coro
+async def upgrade(ctx: Context, in_transaction: bool, fake: bool) -> None:
-async def upgrade(ctx: Context, in_transaction: bool):
     command = ctx.obj["command"]
-    migrated = await command.upgrade(run_in_transaction=in_transaction)
+    migrated = await command.upgrade(run_in_transaction=in_transaction, fake=fake)
     if not migrated:
         click.secho("No upgrade items found", fg=Color.yellow)
     else:
         for version_file in migrated:
-            click.secho(f"Success upgrade {version_file}", fg=Color.green)
+            if fake:
+                click.echo(
+                    f"Upgrading to {version_file}... " + click.style("FAKED", fg=Color.green)
+                )
+            else:
+                click.secho(f"Success upgrading to {version_file}", fg=Color.green)
 
 
 @cli.command(help="Downgrade to specified version.")
@@ -115,8 +134,8 @@ async def upgrade(ctx: Context, in_transaction: bool):
     "--version",
     default=-1,
     type=int,
-    show_default=True,
+    show_default=False,
-    help="Specified version, default to last.",
+    help="Specified version, default to last migration.",
 )
 @click.option(
     "-d",
@@ -124,59 +143,75 @@ async def upgrade(ctx: Context, in_transaction: bool):
     is_flag=True,
     default=False,
     show_default=True,
-    help="Delete version files at the same time.",
+    help="Also delete the migration files.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--fake",
+    default=False,
+    is_flag=True,
+    help="Mark migrations as run without actually running them.",
 )
 @click.pass_context
 @click.confirmation_option(
-    prompt="Downgrade is dangerous, which maybe lose your data, are you sure?",
+    prompt="Downgrade is dangerous: you might lose your data! Are you sure?",
 )
-@coro
+async def downgrade(ctx: Context, version: int, delete: bool, fake: bool) -> None:
-async def downgrade(ctx: Context, version: int, delete: bool):
     command = ctx.obj["command"]
     try:
-        files = await command.downgrade(version, delete)
+        files = await command.downgrade(version, delete, fake=fake)
     except DowngradeError as e:
         return click.secho(str(e), fg=Color.yellow)
     for file in files:
-        click.secho(f"Success downgrade {file}", fg=Color.green)
+        if fake:
+            click.echo(f"Downgrading to {file}... " + click.style("FAKED", fg=Color.green))
+        else:
+            click.secho(f"Success downgrading to {file}", fg=Color.green)
 
 
-@cli.command(help="Show current available heads in migrate location.")
+@cli.command(help="Show currently available heads (unapplied migrations).")
 @click.pass_context
-@coro
+async def heads(ctx: Context) -> None:
-async def heads(ctx: Context):
     command = ctx.obj["command"]
     head_list = await command.heads()
     if not head_list:
-        return click.secho("No available heads, try migrate first", fg=Color.green)
+        return click.secho("No available heads.", fg=Color.green)
     for version in head_list:
         click.secho(version, fg=Color.green)
 
 
-@cli.command(help="List all migrate items.")
+@cli.command(help="List all migrations.")
 @click.pass_context
-@coro
+async def history(ctx: Context) -> None:
-async def history(ctx: Context):
     command = ctx.obj["command"]
     versions = await command.history()
     if not versions:
-        return click.secho("No history, try migrate", fg=Color.green)
+        return click.secho("No migrations created yet.", fg=Color.green)
     for version in versions:
         click.secho(version, fg=Color.green)
 
 
-@cli.command(help="Init config file and generate root migrate location.")
+def _write_config(config_path, doc, table) -> None:
+    tomlkit = imports_tomlkit()
+
+    try:
+        doc["tool"]["aerich"] = table
+    except KeyError:
+        doc["tool"] = {"aerich": table}
+    config_path.write_text(tomlkit.dumps(doc))
+
+
+@cli.command(help="Initialize aerich config and create migrations folder.")
 @click.option(
     "-t",
     "--tortoise-orm",
     required=True,
-    help="Tortoise-ORM config module dict variable, like settings.TORTOISE_ORM.",
+    help="Tortoise-ORM config dict location, like `settings.TORTOISE_ORM`.",
 )
 @click.option(
     "--location",
     default="./migrations",
     show_default=True,
-    help="Migrate store location.",
+    help="Migrations folder.",
 )
 @click.option(
     "-s",
@@ -186,8 +221,7 @@ async def history(ctx: Context):
     help="Folder of the source, relative to the project root.",
 )
 @click.pass_context
-@coro
+async def init(ctx: Context, tortoise_orm, location, src_folder) -> None:
-async def init(ctx: Context, tortoise_orm, location, src_folder):
     config_file = ctx.obj["config_file"]
 
     if os.path.isabs(src_folder):
@@ -200,52 +234,48 @@ async def init(ctx: Context, tortoise_orm, location, src_folder):
     add_src_path(src_folder)
     get_tortoise_config(ctx, tortoise_orm)
     config_path = Path(config_file)
-    if config_path.exists():
+    content = config_path.read_text("utf-8") if config_path.exists() else "[tool.aerich]"
-        content = config_path.read_text()
+    doc: dict = tomllib.loads(content)
-        doc = tomlkit.parse(content)
-    else:
-        doc = tomlkit.parse("[tool.aerich]")
-    table = tomlkit.table()
-    table["tortoise_orm"] = tortoise_orm
-    table["location"] = location
-    table["src_folder"] = src_folder
-    doc["tool"]["aerich"] = table
 
-    config_path.write_text(tomlkit.dumps(doc))
+    table = {"tortoise_orm": tortoise_orm, "location": location, "src_folder": src_folder}
+    if (aerich_config := doc.get("tool", {}).get("aerich")) and all(
+        aerich_config.get(k) == v for k, v in table.items()
+    ):
+        click.echo(f"Aerich config {config_file} already inited.")
+    else:
+        _write_config(config_path, doc, table)
+        click.secho(f"Success writing aerich config to {config_file}", fg=Color.green)
 
     Path(location).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-
+    click.secho(f"Success creating migrations folder {location}", fg=Color.green)
-    click.secho(f"Success create migrate location {location}", fg=Color.green)
-    click.secho(f"Success write config to {config_file}", fg=Color.green)
 
 
-@cli.command(help="Generate schema and generate app migrate location.")
+@cli.command(help="Generate schema and generate app migration folder.")
 @click.option(
     "-s",
     "--safe",
     type=bool,
     is_flag=True,
     default=True,
-    help="When set to true, creates the table only when it does not already exist.",
+    help="Create tables only when they do not already exist.",
     show_default=True,
 )
 @click.pass_context
-@coro
+async def init_db(ctx: Context, safe: bool) -> None:
-async def init_db(ctx: Context, safe: bool):
     command = ctx.obj["command"]
     app = command.app
     dirname = Path(command.location, app)
     try:
         await command.init_db(safe)
-        click.secho(f"Success create app migrate location {dirname}", fg=Color.green)
+        click.secho(f"Success creating app migration folder {dirname}", fg=Color.green)
-        click.secho(f'Success generate schema for app "{app}"', fg=Color.green)
+        click.secho(f'Success generating initial migration file for app "{app}"', fg=Color.green)
     except FileExistsError:
         return click.secho(
-            f"Inited {app} already, or delete {dirname} and try again.", fg=Color.yellow
+            f"App {app} is already initialized. Delete {dirname} and try again.", fg=Color.yellow
         )
 
 
-@cli.command(help="Introspects the database tables to standard output as TortoiseORM model.")
+@cli.command(help="Prints the current database tables to stdout as Tortoise-ORM models.")
 @click.option(
     "-t",
     "--table",
@@ -254,14 +284,13 @@ async def init_db(ctx: Context, safe: bool):
     required=False,
 )
 @click.pass_context
-@coro
+async def inspectdb(ctx: Context, table: list[str]) -> None:
-async def inspectdb(ctx: Context, table: List[str]):
     command = ctx.obj["command"]
     ret = await command.inspectdb(table)
     click.secho(ret)
 
 
-def main():
+def main() -> None:
     cli()
 
 

aerich/coder.py

@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import base64
 import json
 import pickle  # nosec: B301,B403
+from typing import Any
 
 from tortoise.indexes import Index
 
 
 class JsonEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
-    def default(self, obj):
+    def default(self, obj) -> Any:
         if isinstance(obj, Index):
+            if hasattr(obj, "describe"):
+                # For tortoise>=0.24
+                return obj.describe()
             return {
                 "type": "index",
                 "val": base64.b64encode(pickle.dumps(obj)).decode(),  # nosec: B301
@@ -16,16 +22,28 @@ class JsonEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
             return super().default(obj)
 
 
-def object_hook(obj):
+def object_hook(obj) -> Any:
-    _type = obj.get("type")
+    if (type_ := obj.get("type")) and type_ == "index" and (val := obj.get("val")):
-    if not _type:
+        return pickle.loads(base64.b64decode(val))  # nosec: B301
     return obj
-    return pickle.loads(base64.b64decode(obj["val"]))  # nosec: B301
 
 
-def encoder(obj: dict):
+def load_index(obj: dict) -> Index:
+    """Convert a dict that generated by `Index.decribe()` to a Index instance"""
+    try:
+        index = Index(fields=obj["fields"] or obj["expressions"], name=obj.get("name"))
+    except KeyError:
+        return object_hook(obj)
+    if extra := obj.get("extra"):
+        index.extra = extra
+    if idx_type := obj.get("type"):
+        index.INDEX_TYPE = idx_type
+    return index
+
+
+def encoder(obj: dict) -> str:
     return json.dumps(obj, cls=JsonEncoder)
 
 
-def decoder(obj: str):
+def decoder(obj: str | bytes) -> Any:
     return json.loads(obj, object_hook=object_hook)

aerich/ddl/__init__.py

@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
-from enum import Enum
+from __future__ import annotations
-from typing import List, Type
+
+import re
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, cast
 
-from tortoise import BaseDBAsyncClient, Model
 from tortoise.backends.base.schema_generator import BaseSchemaGenerator
 
+from aerich._compat import tortoise_version_less_than
 from aerich.utils import is_default_function
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from tortoise import BaseDBAsyncClient, Model
+
 
 class BaseDDL:
-    schema_generator_cls: Type[BaseSchemaGenerator] = BaseSchemaGenerator
+    schema_generator_cls: type[BaseSchemaGenerator] = BaseSchemaGenerator
     DIALECT = "sql"
     _DROP_TABLE_TEMPLATE = 'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "{table_name}"'
     _ADD_COLUMN_TEMPLATE = 'ALTER TABLE "{table_name}" ADD {column}'
@@ -17,10 +23,8 @@ class BaseDDL:
     _RENAME_COLUMN_TEMPLATE = (
         'ALTER TABLE "{table_name}" RENAME COLUMN "{old_column_name}" TO "{new_column_name}"'
     )
-    _ADD_INDEX_TEMPLATE = (
+    _ADD_INDEX_TEMPLATE = 'ALTER TABLE "{table_name}" ADD {index_type}{unique}INDEX "{index_name}" ({column_names}){extra}'
-        'ALTER TABLE "{table_name}" ADD {unique}INDEX "{index_name}" ({column_names})'
+    _DROP_INDEX_TEMPLATE = 'ALTER TABLE "{table_name}" DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "{index_name}"'
-    )
-    _DROP_INDEX_TEMPLATE = 'ALTER TABLE "{table_name}" DROP INDEX "{index_name}"'
     _ADD_FK_TEMPLATE = 'ALTER TABLE "{table_name}" ADD CONSTRAINT "{fk_name}" FOREIGN KEY ("{db_column}") REFERENCES "{table}" ("{field}") ON DELETE {on_delete}'
     _DROP_FK_TEMPLATE = 'ALTER TABLE "{table_name}" DROP FOREIGN KEY "{fk_name}"'
     _M2M_TABLE_TEMPLATE = (
@@ -35,25 +39,32 @@ class BaseDDL:
     )
     _RENAME_TABLE_TEMPLATE = 'ALTER TABLE "{old_table_name}" RENAME TO "{new_table_name}"'
 
-    def __init__(self, client: "BaseDBAsyncClient"):
+    def __init__(self, client: BaseDBAsyncClient) -> None:
         self.client = client
         self.schema_generator = self.schema_generator_cls(client)
 
-    def create_table(self, model: "Type[Model]"):
+    @staticmethod
-        return self.schema_generator._get_table_sql(model, True)["table_creation_string"].rstrip(
+    def get_table_name(model: type[Model]) -> str:
-            ";"
+        return model._meta.db_table
-        )
 
-    def drop_table(self, table_name: str):
+    def create_table(self, model: type[Model]) -> str:
+        schema = self.schema_generator._get_table_sql(model, True)["table_creation_string"]
+        if tortoise_version_less_than("0.23.1"):
+            # Remove extra space
+            schema = re.sub(r'(["()A-Za-z])  (["()A-Za-z])', r"\1 \2", schema)
+        return schema.rstrip(";")
+
+    def drop_table(self, table_name: str) -> str:
         return self._DROP_TABLE_TEMPLATE.format(table_name=table_name)
 
     def create_m2m(
-        self, model: "Type[Model]", field_describe: dict, reference_table_describe: dict
+        self, model: type[Model], field_describe: dict, reference_table_describe: dict
-    ):
+    ) -> str:
-        through = field_describe.get("through")
+        through = cast(str, field_describe.get("through"))
         description = field_describe.get("description")
-        reference_id = reference_table_describe.get("pk_field").get("db_column")
+        pk_field = cast(dict, reference_table_describe.get("pk_field"))
-        db_field_types = reference_table_describe.get("pk_field").get("db_field_types")
+        reference_id = pk_field.get("db_column")
+        db_field_types = cast(dict, pk_field.get("db_field_types"))
         return self._M2M_TABLE_TEMPLATE.format(
             table_name=through,
             backward_table=model._meta.db_table,
@@ -66,22 +77,22 @@ class BaseDDL:
             forward_type=db_field_types.get(self.DIALECT) or db_field_types.get(""),
             on_delete=field_describe.get("on_delete"),
             extra=self.schema_generator._table_generate_extra(table=through),
-            comment=self.schema_generator._table_comment_generator(
+            comment=(
-                table=through, comment=description
+                self.schema_generator._table_comment_generator(table=through, comment=description)
-            )
                 if description
-            else "",
+                else ""
+            ),
         )
 
-    def drop_m2m(self, table_name: str):
+    def drop_m2m(self, table_name: str) -> str:
         return self._DROP_TABLE_TEMPLATE.format(table_name=table_name)
 
-    def _get_default(self, model: "Type[Model]", field_describe: dict):
+    def _get_default(self, model: type[Model], field_describe: dict) -> Any:
         db_table = model._meta.db_table
         default = field_describe.get("default")
         if isinstance(default, Enum):
             default = default.value
-        db_column = field_describe.get("db_column")
+        db_column = cast(str, field_describe.get("db_column"))
         auto_now_add = field_describe.get("auto_now_add", False)
         auto_now = field_describe.get("auto_now", False)
         if default is not None or auto_now_add:
@@ -102,68 +113,58 @@ class BaseDDL:
                     )
                 except NotImplementedError:
                     default = ""
-        else:
-            default = None
         return default
 
-    def add_column(self, model: "Type[Model]", field_describe: dict, is_pk: bool = False):
+    def add_column(self, model: type[Model], field_describe: dict, is_pk: bool = False) -> str:
+        return self._add_or_modify_column(model, field_describe, is_pk)
+
+    def _add_or_modify_column(
+        self, model: type[Model], field_describe: dict, is_pk: bool, modify: bool = False
+    ) -> str:
         db_table = model._meta.db_table
         description = field_describe.get("description")
-        db_column = field_describe.get("db_column")
+        db_column = cast(str, field_describe.get("db_column"))
-        db_field_types = field_describe.get("db_field_types")
+        db_field_types = cast(dict, field_describe.get("db_field_types"))
         default = self._get_default(model, field_describe)
         if default is None:
             default = ""
-        return self._ADD_COLUMN_TEMPLATE.format(
+        if modify:
-            table_name=db_table,
+            unique = ""
-            column=self.schema_generator._create_string(
+            template = self._MODIFY_COLUMN_TEMPLATE
+        else:
+            # sqlite does not support alter table to add unique column
+            unique = " UNIQUE" if field_describe.get("unique") and self.DIALECT != "sqlite" else ""
+            template = self._ADD_COLUMN_TEMPLATE
+        column = self.schema_generator._create_string(
             db_column=db_column,
             field_type=db_field_types.get(self.DIALECT, db_field_types.get("")),
-                nullable="NOT NULL" if not field_describe.get("nullable") else "",
+            nullable=" NOT NULL" if not field_describe.get("nullable") else "",
-                unique="UNIQUE" if field_describe.get("unique") else "",
+            unique=unique,
-                comment=self.schema_generator._column_comment_generator(
+            comment=(
+                self.schema_generator._column_comment_generator(
                     table=db_table,
                     column=db_column,
-                    comment=field_describe.get("description"),
+                    comment=description,
                 )
                 if description
-                else "",
+                else ""
+            ),
             is_primary_key=is_pk,
             default=default,
-            ),
         )
+        if tortoise_version_less_than("0.23.1"):
+            column = column.replace("  ", " ")
+        return template.format(table_name=db_table, column=column)
 
-    def drop_column(self, model: "Type[Model]", column_name: str):
+    def drop_column(self, model: type[Model], column_name: str) -> str:
         return self._DROP_COLUMN_TEMPLATE.format(
             table_name=model._meta.db_table, column_name=column_name
         )
 
-    def modify_column(self, model: "Type[Model]", field_describe: dict, is_pk: bool = False):
+    def modify_column(self, model: type[Model], field_describe: dict, is_pk: bool = False) -> str:
-        db_table = model._meta.db_table
+        return self._add_or_modify_column(model, field_describe, is_pk, modify=True)
-        db_field_types = field_describe.get("db_field_types")
-        default = self._get_default(model, field_describe)
-        if default is None:
-            default = ""
-        return self._MODIFY_COLUMN_TEMPLATE.format(
-            table_name=db_table,
-            column=self.schema_generator._create_string(
-                db_column=field_describe.get("db_column"),
-                field_type=db_field_types.get(self.DIALECT) or db_field_types.get(""),
-                nullable="NOT NULL" if not field_describe.get("nullable") else "",
-                unique="",
-                comment=self.schema_generator._column_comment_generator(
-                    table=db_table,
-                    column=field_describe.get("db_column"),
-                    comment=field_describe.get("description"),
-                )
-                if field_describe.get("description")
-                else "",
-                is_primary_key=is_pk,
-                default=default,
-            ),
-        )
 
-    def rename_column(self, model: "Type[Model]", old_column_name: str, new_column_name: str):
+    def rename_column(self, model: type[Model], old_column_name: str, new_column_name: str) -> str:
         return self._RENAME_COLUMN_TEMPLATE.format(
             table_name=model._meta.db_table,
             old_column_name=old_column_name,
@@ -171,8 +172,8 @@ class BaseDDL:
         )
 
     def change_column(
-        self, model: "Type[Model]", old_column_name: str, new_column_name: str, new_column_type: str
+        self, model: type[Model], old_column_name: str, new_column_name: str, new_column_type: str
-    ):
+    ) -> str:
         return self._CHANGE_COLUMN_TEMPLATE.format(
             table_name=model._meta.db_table,
             old_column_name=old_column_name,
@@ -180,63 +181,92 @@ class BaseDDL:
             new_column_type=new_column_type,
         )
 
-    def add_index(self, model: "Type[Model]", field_names: List[str], unique=False):
+    def _index_name(self, unique: bool | None, model: type[Model], field_names: list[str]) -> str:
+        func_name = "_get_index_name"
+        if not hasattr(self.schema_generator, func_name):
+            # For tortoise-orm<0.24.1
+            func_name = "_generate_index_name"
+        return getattr(self.schema_generator, func_name)(
+            "idx" if not unique else "uid", model, field_names
+        )
+
+    def add_index(
+        self,
+        model: type[Model],
+        field_names: list[str],
+        unique: bool | None = False,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        index_type: str = "",
+        extra: str | None = "",
+    ) -> str:
         return self._ADD_INDEX_TEMPLATE.format(
             unique="UNIQUE " if unique else "",
-            index_name=self.schema_generator._generate_index_name(
+            index_name=name or self._index_name(unique, model, field_names),
-                "idx" if not unique else "uid", model, field_names
-            ),
             table_name=model._meta.db_table,
             column_names=", ".join(self.schema_generator.quote(f) for f in field_names),
+            index_type=f"{index_type} " if index_type else "",
+            extra=f"{extra}" if extra else "",
         )
 
-    def drop_index(self, model: "Type[Model]", field_names: List[str], unique=False):
+    def drop_index(
+        self,
+        model: type[Model],
+        field_names: list[str],
+        unique: bool | None = False,
+        name: str | None = None,
+    ) -> str:
         return self._DROP_INDEX_TEMPLATE.format(
-            index_name=self.schema_generator._generate_index_name(
+            index_name=name or self._index_name(unique, model, field_names),
-                "idx" if not unique else "uid", model, field_names
-            ),
             table_name=model._meta.db_table,
         )
 
-    def drop_index_by_name(self, model: "Type[Model]", index_name: str):
+    def drop_index_by_name(self, model: type[Model], index_name: str) -> str:
-        return self._DROP_INDEX_TEMPLATE.format(
+        return self.drop_index(model, [], name=index_name)
-            index_name=index_name,
+
-            table_name=model._meta.db_table,
+    def _generate_fk_name(
+        self, db_table: str, field_describe: dict, reference_table_describe: dict
+    ) -> str:
+        """Generate fk name"""
+        db_column = cast(str, field_describe.get("raw_field"))
+        pk_field = cast(dict, reference_table_describe.get("pk_field"))
+        to_field = cast(str, pk_field.get("db_column"))
+        to_table = cast(str, reference_table_describe.get("table"))
+        func_name = "_get_fk_name"
+        if not hasattr(self.schema_generator, func_name):
+            # For tortoise-orm<0.24.1
+            func_name = "_generate_fk_name"
+        return getattr(self.schema_generator, func_name)(
+            from_table=db_table,
+            from_field=db_column,
+            to_table=to_table,
+            to_field=to_field,
         )
 
-    def add_fk(self, model: "Type[Model]", field_describe: dict, reference_table_describe: dict):
+    def add_fk(
+        self, model: type[Model], field_describe: dict, reference_table_describe: dict
+    ) -> str:
         db_table = model._meta.db_table
 
         db_column = field_describe.get("raw_field")
-        reference_id = reference_table_describe.get("pk_field").get("db_column")
+        pk_field = cast(dict, reference_table_describe.get("pk_field"))
-        fk_name = self.schema_generator._generate_fk_name(
+        reference_id = pk_field.get("db_column")
-            from_table=db_table,
-            from_field=db_column,
-            to_table=reference_table_describe.get("table"),
-            to_field=reference_table_describe.get("pk_field").get("db_column"),
-        )
         return self._ADD_FK_TEMPLATE.format(
             table_name=db_table,
-            fk_name=fk_name,
+            fk_name=self._generate_fk_name(db_table, field_describe, reference_table_describe),
             db_column=db_column,
             table=reference_table_describe.get("table"),
             field=reference_id,
             on_delete=field_describe.get("on_delete"),
         )
 
-    def drop_fk(self, model: "Type[Model]", field_describe: dict, reference_table_describe: dict):
+    def drop_fk(
+        self, model: type[Model], field_describe: dict, reference_table_describe: dict
+    ) -> str:
         db_table = model._meta.db_table
-        return self._DROP_FK_TEMPLATE.format(
+        fk_name = self._generate_fk_name(db_table, field_describe, reference_table_describe)
-            table_name=db_table,
+        return self._DROP_FK_TEMPLATE.format(table_name=db_table, fk_name=fk_name)
-            fk_name=self.schema_generator._generate_fk_name(
-                from_table=db_table,
-                from_field=field_describe.get("raw_field"),
-                to_table=reference_table_describe.get("table"),
-                to_field=reference_table_describe.get("pk_field").get("db_column"),
-            ),
-        )
 
-    def alter_column_default(self, model: "Type[Model]", field_describe: dict):
+    def alter_column_default(self, model: type[Model], field_describe: dict) -> str:
         db_table = model._meta.db_table
         default = self._get_default(model, field_describe)
         return self._ALTER_DEFAULT_TEMPLATE.format(
@@ -245,14 +275,28 @@ class BaseDDL:
             default="SET" + default if default is not None else "DROP DEFAULT",
         )
 
-    def alter_column_null(self, model: "Type[Model]", field_describe: dict):
+    def alter_column_null(self, model: type[Model], field_describe: dict) -> str:
         return self.modify_column(model, field_describe)
 
-    def set_comment(self, model: "Type[Model]", field_describe: dict):
+    def set_comment(self, model: type[Model], field_describe: dict) -> str:
         return self.modify_column(model, field_describe)
 
-    def rename_table(self, model: "Type[Model]", old_table_name: str, new_table_name: str):
+    def rename_table(self, model: type[Model], old_table_name: str, new_table_name: str) -> str:
         db_table = model._meta.db_table
         return self._RENAME_TABLE_TEMPLATE.format(
             table_name=db_table, old_table_name=old_table_name, new_table_name=new_table_name
         )
+
+    def alter_indexed_column_unique(
+        self, model: type[Model], field_name: str, drop: bool = False
+    ) -> list[str]:
+        """Change unique constraint for indexed field, e.g.: Field(db_index=True) --> Field(unique=True)"""
+        fields = [field_name]
+        if drop:
+            drop_unique = self.drop_index(model, fields, unique=True)
+            add_normal_index = self.add_index(model, fields, unique=False)
+            return [drop_unique, add_normal_index]
+        else:
+            drop_index = self.drop_index(model, fields, unique=False)
+            add_unique_index = self.add_index(model, fields, unique=True)
+            return [drop_index, add_unique_index]

aerich/ddl/mysql/__init__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,14 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
 from tortoise.backends.mysql.schema_generator import MySQLSchemaGenerator
 
 from aerich.ddl import BaseDDL
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from tortoise import Model
+
 
 class MysqlDDL(BaseDDL):
     schema_generator_cls = MySQLSchemaGenerator
@@ -16,10 +23,14 @@ class MysqlDDL(BaseDDL):
     _RENAME_COLUMN_TEMPLATE = (
         "ALTER TABLE `{table_name}` RENAME COLUMN `{old_column_name}` TO `{new_column_name}`"
     )
-    _ADD_INDEX_TEMPLATE = (
+    _ADD_INDEX_TEMPLATE = "ALTER TABLE `{table_name}` ADD {index_type}{unique}INDEX `{index_name}` ({column_names}){extra}"
-        "ALTER TABLE `{table_name}` ADD {unique}INDEX `{index_name}` ({column_names})"
-    )
     _DROP_INDEX_TEMPLATE = "ALTER TABLE `{table_name}` DROP INDEX `{index_name}`"
+    _ADD_INDEXED_UNIQUE_TEMPLATE = (
+        "ALTER TABLE `{table_name}` DROP INDEX `{index_name}`, ADD UNIQUE (`{column_name}`)"
+    )
+    _DROP_INDEXED_UNIQUE_TEMPLATE = (
+        "ALTER TABLE `{table_name}` DROP INDEX `{column_name}`, ADD INDEX (`{index_name}`)"
+    )
     _ADD_FK_TEMPLATE = "ALTER TABLE `{table_name}` ADD CONSTRAINT `{fk_name}` FOREIGN KEY (`{db_column}`) REFERENCES `{table}` (`{field}`) ON DELETE {on_delete}"
     _DROP_FK_TEMPLATE = "ALTER TABLE `{table_name}` DROP FOREIGN KEY `{fk_name}`"
     _M2M_TABLE_TEMPLATE = (
@@ -30,3 +41,21 @@ class MysqlDDL(BaseDDL):
     )
     _MODIFY_COLUMN_TEMPLATE = "ALTER TABLE `{table_name}` MODIFY COLUMN {column}"
     _RENAME_TABLE_TEMPLATE = "ALTER TABLE `{old_table_name}` RENAME TO `{new_table_name}`"
+
+    def _index_name(self, unique: bool | None, model: type[Model], field_names: list[str]) -> str:
+        if unique and len(field_names) == 1:
+            # Example: `email = CharField(max_length=50, unique=True)`
+            # Generate schema: `"email" VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE`
+            # Unique index key is the same as field name: `email`
+            return field_names[0]
+        return super()._index_name(unique, model, field_names)
+
+    def alter_indexed_column_unique(
+        self, model: type[Model], field_name: str, drop: bool = False
+    ) -> list[str]:
+        # if drop is false: Drop index and add unique
+        # else: Drop unique index and add normal index
+        template = self._DROP_INDEXED_UNIQUE_TEMPLATE if drop else self._ADD_INDEXED_UNIQUE_TEMPLATE
+        table = self.get_table_name(model)
+        index = self._index_name(unique=False, model=model, field_names=[field_name])
+        return [template.format(table_name=table, index_name=index, column_name=field_name)]

aerich/ddl/postgres/__init__.py

@@ -1,24 +1,26 @@
-from typing import Type
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import cast
 
 from tortoise import Model
-from tortoise.backends.asyncpg.schema_generator import AsyncpgSchemaGenerator
+from tortoise.backends.base_postgres.schema_generator import BasePostgresSchemaGenerator
 
 from aerich.ddl import BaseDDL
 
 
 class PostgresDDL(BaseDDL):
-    schema_generator_cls = AsyncpgSchemaGenerator
+    schema_generator_cls = BasePostgresSchemaGenerator
-    DIALECT = AsyncpgSchemaGenerator.DIALECT
+    DIALECT = BasePostgresSchemaGenerator.DIALECT
-    _ADD_INDEX_TEMPLATE = 'CREATE {unique}INDEX "{index_name}" ON "{table_name}" ({column_names})'
+    _ADD_INDEX_TEMPLATE = 'CREATE {unique}INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "{index_name}" ON "{table_name}" {index_type}({column_names}){extra}'
-    _DROP_INDEX_TEMPLATE = 'DROP INDEX "{index_name}"'
+    _DROP_INDEX_TEMPLATE = 'DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "{index_name}"'
     _ALTER_NULL_TEMPLATE = 'ALTER TABLE "{table_name}" ALTER COLUMN "{column}" {set_drop} NOT NULL'
     _MODIFY_COLUMN_TEMPLATE = (
         'ALTER TABLE "{table_name}" ALTER COLUMN "{column}" TYPE {datatype}{using}'
     )
     _SET_COMMENT_TEMPLATE = 'COMMENT ON COLUMN "{table_name}"."{column}" IS {comment}'
-    _DROP_FK_TEMPLATE = 'ALTER TABLE "{table_name}" DROP CONSTRAINT "{fk_name}"'
+    _DROP_FK_TEMPLATE = 'ALTER TABLE "{table_name}" DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS "{fk_name}"'
 
-    def alter_column_null(self, model: "Type[Model]", field_describe: dict):
+    def alter_column_null(self, model: type[Model], field_describe: dict) -> str:
         db_table = model._meta.db_table
         return self._ALTER_NULL_TEMPLATE.format(
             table_name=db_table,
@@ -26,9 +28,9 @@ class PostgresDDL(BaseDDL):
             set_drop="DROP" if field_describe.get("nullable") else "SET",
         )
 
-    def modify_column(self, model: "Type[Model]", field_describe: dict, is_pk: bool = False):
+    def modify_column(self, model: type[Model], field_describe: dict, is_pk: bool = False) -> str:
         db_table = model._meta.db_table
-        db_field_types = field_describe.get("db_field_types")
+        db_field_types = cast(dict, field_describe.get("db_field_types"))
         db_column = field_describe.get("db_column")
         datatype = db_field_types.get(self.DIALECT) or db_field_types.get("")
         return self._MODIFY_COLUMN_TEMPLATE.format(
@@ -38,12 +40,14 @@ class PostgresDDL(BaseDDL):
             using=f' USING "{db_column}"::{datatype}',
         )
 
-    def set_comment(self, model: "Type[Model]", field_describe: dict):
+    def set_comment(self, model: type[Model], field_describe: dict) -> str:
         db_table = model._meta.db_table
         return self._SET_COMMENT_TEMPLATE.format(
             table_name=db_table,
             column=field_describe.get("db_column") or field_describe.get("raw_field"),
-            comment="'{}'".format(field_describe.get("description"))
+            comment=(
+                "'{}'".format(field_describe.get("description"))
                 if field_describe.get("description")
-            else "NULL",
+                else "NULL"
+            ),
         )

aerich/ddl/sqlite/__init__.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Type
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 from tortoise import Model
 from tortoise.backends.sqlite.schema_generator import SqliteSchemaGenerator
@@ -10,15 +10,17 @@ from aerich.exceptions import NotSupportError
 class SqliteDDL(BaseDDL):
     schema_generator_cls = SqliteSchemaGenerator
     DIALECT = SqliteSchemaGenerator.DIALECT
+    _ADD_INDEX_TEMPLATE = 'CREATE {unique}INDEX "{index_name}" ON "{table_name}" ({column_names})'
+    _DROP_INDEX_TEMPLATE = 'DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "{index_name}"'
 
-    def modify_column(self, model: "Type[Model]", field_object: dict, is_pk: bool = True):
+    def modify_column(self, model: type[Model], field_object: dict, is_pk: bool = True):
         raise NotSupportError("Modify column is unsupported in SQLite.")
 
-    def alter_column_default(self, model: "Type[Model]", field_describe: dict):
+    def alter_column_default(self, model: type[Model], field_describe: dict):
         raise NotSupportError("Alter column default is unsupported in SQLite.")
 
-    def alter_column_null(self, model: "Type[Model]", field_describe: dict):
+    def alter_column_null(self, model: type[Model], field_describe: dict):
         raise NotSupportError("Alter column null is unsupported in SQLite.")
 
-    def set_comment(self, model: "Type[Model]", field_describe: dict):
+    def set_comment(self, model: type[Model], field_describe: dict):
         raise NotSupportError("Alter column comment is unsupported in SQLite.")

aerich/inspectdb/__init__.py

@@ -1,52 +1,69 @@
-from typing import Any, List, Optional
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, TypedDict
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 from tortoise import BaseDBAsyncClient
 
 
+class ColumnInfoDict(TypedDict):
+    name: str
+    pk: str
+    index: str
+    null: str
+    default: str
+    length: str
+    comment: str
+
+
+# TODO: use dict to replace typing.Dict when dropping support for Python3.8
+FieldMapDict = Dict[str, Callable[..., str]]
+
+
 class Column(BaseModel):
     name: str
     data_type: str
     null: bool
     default: Any
-    comment: Optional[str]
+    comment: str | None = None
     pk: bool
     unique: bool
     index: bool
-    length: Optional[int]
+    length: int | None = None
-    extra: Optional[str]
+    extra: str | None = None
-    decimal_places: Optional[int]
+    decimal_places: int | None = None
-    max_digits: Optional[int]
+    max_digits: int | None = None
 
-    def translate(self) -> dict:
+    def translate(self) -> ColumnInfoDict:
         comment = default = length = index = null = pk = ""
         if self.pk:
-            pk = "pk=True, "
+            pk = "primary_key=True, "
         else:
             if self.unique:
                 index = "unique=True, "
-            else:
+            elif self.index:
-                if self.index:
+                index = "db_index=True, "
-                    index = "index=True, "
+        if self.data_type in ("varchar", "VARCHAR"):
-        if self.data_type in ["varchar", "VARCHAR"]:
             length = f"max_length={self.length}, "
-        if self.data_type in ["decimal", "numeric"]:
+        elif self.data_type in ("decimal", "numeric"):
             length_parts = []
             if self.max_digits:
                 length_parts.append(f"max_digits={self.max_digits}")
             if self.decimal_places:
                 length_parts.append(f"decimal_places={self.decimal_places}")
-            length = ", ".join(length_parts)
+            if length_parts:
+                length = ", ".join(length_parts) + ", "
         if self.null:
             null = "null=True, "
-        if self.default is not None:
+        if self.default is not None and not self.pk:
-            if self.data_type in ["tinyint", "INT"]:
+            if self.data_type in ("tinyint", "INT"):
                 default = f"default={'True' if self.default == '1' else 'False'}, "
             elif self.data_type == "bool":
                 default = f"default={'True' if self.default == 'true' else 'False'}, "
-            elif self.data_type in ["datetime", "timestamptz", "TIMESTAMP"]:
+            elif self.data_type in ("datetime", "timestamptz", "TIMESTAMP"):
-                if "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP" == self.default:
+                if self.default == "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP":
-                    if "DEFAULT_GENERATED on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP" == self.extra:
+                    if self.extra == "DEFAULT_GENERATED on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP":
                         default = "auto_now=True, "
                     else:
                         default = "auto_now_add=True, "
@@ -55,6 +72,8 @@ class Column(BaseModel):
                     default = f"default={self.default.split('::')[0]}, "
                 elif self.default.endswith("()"):
                     default = ""
+                elif self.default == "":
+                    default = 'default=""'
                 else:
                     default = f"default={self.default}, "
 
@@ -74,16 +93,14 @@ class Column(BaseModel):
 class Inspect:
     _table_template = "class {table}(Model):\n"
 
-    def __init__(self, conn: BaseDBAsyncClient, tables: Optional[List[str]] = None):
+    def __init__(self, conn: BaseDBAsyncClient, tables: list[str] | None = None) -> None:
         self.conn = conn
-        try:
+        with contextlib.suppress(AttributeError):
-            self.database = conn.database
+            self.database = conn.database  # type:ignore[attr-defined]
-        except AttributeError:
-            pass
         self.tables = tables
 
     @property
-    def field_map(self) -> dict:
+    def field_map(self) -> FieldMapDict:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     async def inspect(self) -> str:
@@ -101,68 +118,75 @@ class Inspect:
             tables.append(model + "\n".join(fields))
         return result + "\n\n\n".join(tables)
 
-    async def get_columns(self, table: str) -> List[Column]:
+    async def get_columns(self, table: str) -> list[Column]:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    async def get_all_tables(self) -> List[str]:
+    async def get_all_tables(self) -> list[str]:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_field_string(
+        field_class: str, arguments: str = "{null}{default}{comment}", **kwargs
+    ) -> str:
+        name = kwargs["name"]
+        field_params = arguments.format(**kwargs).strip().rstrip(",")
+        return f"{name} = fields.{field_class}({field_params})"
+
     @classmethod
     def decimal_field(cls, **kwargs) -> str:
-        return "{name} = fields.DecimalField({pk}{index}{length}{null}{default}{comment})".format(
+        return cls.get_field_string("DecimalField", **kwargs)
-            **kwargs
-        )
 
     @classmethod
     def time_field(cls, **kwargs) -> str:
-        return "{name} = fields.TimeField({null}{default}{comment})".format(**kwargs)
+        return cls.get_field_string("TimeField", **kwargs)
 
     @classmethod
     def date_field(cls, **kwargs) -> str:
-        return "{name} = fields.DateField({null}{default}{comment})".format(**kwargs)
+        return cls.get_field_string("DateField", **kwargs)
 
     @classmethod
     def float_field(cls, **kwargs) -> str:
-        return "{name} = fields.FloatField({null}{default}{comment})".format(**kwargs)
+        return cls.get_field_string("FloatField", **kwargs)
 
     @classmethod
     def datetime_field(cls, **kwargs) -> str:
-        return "{name} = fields.DatetimeField({null}{default}{comment})".format(**kwargs)
+        return cls.get_field_string("DatetimeField", **kwargs)
 
     @classmethod
     def text_field(cls, **kwargs) -> str:
-        return "{name} = fields.TextField({null}{default}{comment})".format(**kwargs)
+        return cls.get_field_string("TextField", **kwargs)
 
     @classmethod
     def char_field(cls, **kwargs) -> str:
-        return "{name} = fields.CharField({pk}{index}{length}{null}{default}{comment})".format(
+        arguments = "{pk}{index}{length}{null}{default}{comment}"
-            **kwargs
+        return cls.get_field_string("CharField", arguments, **kwargs)
-        )
 
     @classmethod
-    def int_field(cls, **kwargs) -> str:
+    def int_field(cls, field_class="IntField", **kwargs) -> str:
-        return "{name} = fields.IntField({pk}{index}{comment})".format(**kwargs)
+        arguments = "{pk}{index}{default}{comment}"
+        return cls.get_field_string(field_class, arguments, **kwargs)
 
     @classmethod
     def smallint_field(cls, **kwargs) -> str:
-        return "{name} = fields.SmallIntField({pk}{index}{comment})".format(**kwargs)
+        return cls.int_field("SmallIntField", **kwargs)
 
     @classmethod
     def bigint_field(cls, **kwargs) -> str:
-        return "{name} = fields.BigIntField({pk}{index}{default}{comment})".format(**kwargs)
+        return cls.int_field("BigIntField", **kwargs)
 
     @classmethod
     def bool_field(cls, **kwargs) -> str:
-        return "{name} = fields.BooleanField({null}{default}{comment})".format(**kwargs)
+        return cls.get_field_string("BooleanField", **kwargs)
 
     @classmethod
     def uuid_field(cls, **kwargs) -> str:
-        return "{name} = fields.UUIDField({pk}{index}{default}{comment})".format(**kwargs)
+        arguments = "{pk}{index}{default}{comment}"
+        return cls.get_field_string("UUIDField", arguments, **kwargs)
 
     @classmethod
     def json_field(cls, **kwargs) -> str:
-        return "{name} = fields.JSONField({null}{default}{comment})".format(**kwargs)
+        return cls.get_field_string("JSONField", **kwargs)
 
     @classmethod
     def binary_field(cls, **kwargs) -> str:
-        return "{name} = fields.BinaryField({null}{default}{comment})".format(**kwargs)
+        return cls.get_field_string("BinaryField", **kwargs)

aerich/inspectdb/mysql.py

@@ -1,21 +1,23 @@
-from typing import List
+from __future__ import annotations
 
-from aerich.inspectdb import Column, Inspect
+from aerich.inspectdb import Column, FieldMapDict, Inspect
 
 
 class InspectMySQL(Inspect):
     @property
-    def field_map(self) -> dict:
+    def field_map(self) -> FieldMapDict:
         return {
             "int": self.int_field,
             "smallint": self.smallint_field,
             "tinyint": self.bool_field,
             "bigint": self.bigint_field,
             "varchar": self.char_field,
+            "char": self.uuid_field,
             "longtext": self.text_field,
             "text": self.text_field,
             "datetime": self.datetime_field,
             "float": self.float_field,
+            "double": self.float_field,
             "date": self.date_field,
             "time": self.time_field,
             "decimal": self.decimal_field,
@@ -23,12 +25,12 @@ class InspectMySQL(Inspect):
             "longblob": self.binary_field,
         }
 
-    async def get_all_tables(self) -> List[str]:
+    async def get_all_tables(self) -> list[str]:
         sql = "select TABLE_NAME from information_schema.TABLES where TABLE_SCHEMA=%s"
         ret = await self.conn.execute_query_dict(sql, [self.database])
         return list(map(lambda x: x["TABLE_NAME"], ret))
 
-    async def get_columns(self, table: str) -> List[Column]:
+    async def get_columns(self, table: str) -> list[Column]:
         columns = []
         sql = """select c.*, s.NON_UNIQUE, s.INDEX_NAME
 from information_schema.COLUMNS c
@@ -39,16 +41,13 @@ where c.TABLE_SCHEMA = %s
   and c.TABLE_NAME = %s"""
         ret = await self.conn.execute_query_dict(sql, [self.database, table])
         for row in ret:
-            non_unique = row["NON_UNIQUE"]
+            unique = index = False
-            if non_unique is None:
+            if (non_unique := row["NON_UNIQUE"]) is not None:
-                unique = False
-            else:
                 unique = not non_unique
-            index_name = row["INDEX_NAME"]
+            elif row["COLUMN_KEY"] == "UNI":
-            if index_name is None:
+                unique = True
-                index = False
+            if (index_name := row["INDEX_NAME"]) is not None:
-            else:
+                index = index_name != "PRIMARY"
-                index = row["INDEX_NAME"] != "PRIMARY"
             columns.append(
                 Column(
                     name=row["COLUMN_NAME"],
@@ -57,9 +56,8 @@ where c.TABLE_SCHEMA = %s
                     default=row["COLUMN_DEFAULT"],
                     pk=row["COLUMN_KEY"] == "PRI",
                     comment=row["COLUMN_COMMENT"],
-                    unique=row["COLUMN_KEY"] == "UNI",
+                    unique=unique,
                     extra=row["EXTRA"],
-                    unque=unique,
                     index=index,
                     length=row["CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH"],
                     max_digits=row["NUMERIC_PRECISION"],

aerich/inspectdb/postgres.py

@@ -1,24 +1,29 @@
-from typing import List, Optional
+from __future__ import annotations
 
-from tortoise import BaseDBAsyncClient
+import re
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
-from aerich.inspectdb import Column, Inspect
+from aerich.inspectdb import Column, FieldMapDict, Inspect
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from tortoise.backends.base_postgres.client import BasePostgresClient
 
 
 class InspectPostgres(Inspect):
-    def __init__(self, conn: BaseDBAsyncClient, tables: Optional[List[str]] = None):
+    def __init__(self, conn: BasePostgresClient, tables: list[str] | None = None) -> None:
         super().__init__(conn, tables)
-        self.schema = self.conn.server_settings.get("schema") or "public"
+        self.schema = conn.server_settings.get("schema") or "public"
 
     @property
-    def field_map(self) -> dict:
+    def field_map(self) -> FieldMapDict:
         return {
+            "int2": self.smallint_field,
             "int4": self.int_field,
-            "int8": self.int_field,
+            "int8": self.bigint_field,
             "smallint": self.smallint_field,
+            "bigint": self.bigint_field,
             "varchar": self.char_field,
             "text": self.text_field,
-            "bigint": self.bigint_field,
             "timestamptz": self.datetime_field,
             "float4": self.float_field,
             "float8": self.float_field,
@@ -33,12 +38,12 @@ class InspectPostgres(Inspect):
             "timestamp": self.datetime_field,
         }
 
-    async def get_all_tables(self) -> List[str]:
+    async def get_all_tables(self) -> list[str]:
         sql = "select TABLE_NAME from information_schema.TABLES where table_catalog=$1 and table_schema=$2"
         ret = await self.conn.execute_query_dict(sql, [self.database, self.schema])
         return list(map(lambda x: x["table_name"], ret))
 
-    async def get_columns(self, table: str) -> List[Column]:
+    async def get_columns(self, table: str) -> list[Column]:
         columns = []
         sql = f"""select c.column_name,
        col_description('public.{table}'::regclass, ordinal_position) as column_comment,
@@ -55,7 +60,9 @@ from information_schema.constraint_column_usage const
          right join information_schema.columns c using (column_name, table_catalog, table_schema, table_name)
 where c.table_catalog = $1
   and c.table_name = $2
-  and c.table_schema = $3"""
+  and c.table_schema = $3"""  # nosec:B608
+        if "psycopg" in str(type(self.conn)).lower():
+            sql = re.sub(r"\$[123]", "%s", sql)
         ret = await self.conn.execute_query_dict(sql, [self.database, table, self.schema])
         for row in ret:
             columns.append(

aerich/inspectdb/sqlite.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-from typing import List
+from __future__ import annotations
 
-from aerich.inspectdb import Column, Inspect
+from aerich.inspectdb import Column, FieldMapDict, Inspect
 
 
 class InspectSQLite(Inspect):
     @property
-    def field_map(self) -> dict:
+    def field_map(self) -> FieldMapDict:
         return {
             "INTEGER": self.int_field,
             "INT": self.bool_field,
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class InspectSQLite(Inspect):
             "BLOB": self.binary_field,
         }
 
-    async def get_columns(self, table: str) -> List[Column]:
+    async def get_columns(self, table: str) -> list[Column]:
         columns = []
         sql = f"PRAGMA table_info({table})"
         ret = await self.conn.execute_query_dict(sql)
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class InspectSQLite(Inspect):
             )
         return columns
 
-    async def _get_columns_index(self, table: str):
+    async def _get_columns_index(self, table: str) -> dict[str, str]:
         sql = f"PRAGMA index_list ({table})"
         indexes = await self.conn.execute_query_dict(sql)
         ret = {}
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class InspectSQLite(Inspect):
             ret[index_info["name"]] = "unique" if index["unique"] else "index"
         return ret
 
-    async def get_all_tables(self) -> List[str]:
+    async def get_all_tables(self) -> list[str]:
         sql = "select tbl_name from sqlite_master where type='table' and name!='sqlite_sequence'"
         ret = await self.conn.execute_query_dict(sql)
         return list(map(lambda x: x["tbl_name"], ret))

aerich/models.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ MAX_APP_LENGTH = 100
 class Aerich(Model):
     version = fields.CharField(max_length=MAX_VERSION_LENGTH)
     app = fields.CharField(max_length=MAX_APP_LENGTH)
-    content = fields.JSONField(encoder=encoder, decoder=decoder)
+    content: dict = fields.JSONField(encoder=encoder, decoder=decoder)
 
     class Meta:
         ordering = ["-id"]

aerich/utils.py

@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import importlib.util
 import os
 import re
 import sys
+from collections.abc import Generator
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Dict
+from types import ModuleType
 
-from click import BadOptionUsage, ClickException, Context
+from asyncclick import BadOptionUsage, ClickException, Context
+from dictdiffer import diff
 from tortoise import BaseDBAsyncClient, Tortoise
 
 
@@ -30,23 +34,19 @@ def get_app_connection_name(config, app_name: str) -> str:
     get connection name
     :param config:
     :param app_name:
-    :return:
+    :return: the default connection name (Usally it is 'default')
     """
-    app = config.get("apps").get(app_name)
+    if app := config.get("apps").get(app_name):
-    if app:
         return app.get("default_connection", "default")
-    raise BadOptionUsage(
+    raise BadOptionUsage(option_name="--app", message=f"Can't get app named {app_name!r}")
-        option_name="--app",
-        message=f'Can\'t get app named "{app_name}"',
-    )
 
 
 def get_app_connection(config, app) -> BaseDBAsyncClient:
     """
-    get connection name
+    get connection client
     :param config:
     :param app:
-    :return:
+    :return: client instance
     """
     return Tortoise.get_connection(get_app_connection_name(config, app))
 
@@ -77,26 +77,67 @@ def get_tortoise_config(ctx: Context, tortoise_orm: str) -> dict:
     return config
 
 
-def get_models_describe(app: str) -> Dict:
+def get_models_describe(app: str) -> dict:
     """
     get app models describe
     :param app:
     :return:
     """
     ret = {}
-    for model in Tortoise.apps.get(app).values():
+    for model in Tortoise.apps[app].values():
+        managed = getattr(model.Meta, "managed", None)
         describe = model.describe()
-        ret[describe.get("name")] = describe
+        ret[describe.get("name")] = dict(describe, managed=managed)
     return ret
 
 
-def is_default_function(string: str):
+def is_default_function(string: str) -> re.Match | None:
     return re.match(r"^<function.+>$", str(string or ""))
 
 
-def import_py_file(file: Path):
+def import_py_file(file: str | Path) -> ModuleType:
     module_name, file_ext = os.path.splitext(os.path.split(file)[-1])
     spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(module_name, file)
-    module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+    module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)  # type:ignore[arg-type]
-    spec.loader.exec_module(module)
+    spec.loader.exec_module(module)  # type:ignore[union-attr]
     return module
+
+
+def get_dict_diff_by_key(
+    old_fields: list[dict], new_fields: list[dict], key="through"
+) -> Generator[tuple]:
+    """
+    Compare two list by key instead of by index
+
+    :param old_fields: previous field info list
+    :param new_fields: current field info list
+    :param key: if two dicts have the same value of this key, action is change; otherwise, is remove/add
+    :return: similar to dictdiffer.diff
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> old = [{'through': 'a'}, {'through': 'b'}, {'through': 'c'}]
+        >>> new = [{'through': 'a'}, {'through': 'c'}]  # remove the second element
+        >>> list(diff(old, new))
+        [('change', [1, 'through'], ('b', 'c')),
+         ('remove', '', [(2, {'through': 'c'})])]
+        >>> list(get_dict_diff_by_key(old, new))
+        [('remove', '', [(0, {'through': 'b'})])]
+
+    """
+    length_old, length_new = len(old_fields), len(new_fields)
+    if length_old == 0 or length_new == 0 or length_old == length_new == 1:
+        yield from diff(old_fields, new_fields)
+    else:
+        value_index: dict[str, int] = {f[key]: i for i, f in enumerate(new_fields)}
+        additions = set(range(length_new))
+        for field in old_fields:
+            value = field[key]
+            if (index := value_index.get(value)) is not None:
+                additions.remove(index)
+                yield from diff([field], [new_fields[index]])  # change
+            else:
+                yield from diff([field], [])  # remove
+        if additions:
+            for index in sorted(additions):
+                yield from diff([], [new_fields[index]])  # add

aerich/version.py

@@ -1 +1,3 @@
-__version__ = "0.7.2"
+from importlib.metadata import version
+
+__version__ = version(__package__)

conftest.py

@@ -1,23 +1,30 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
 import os
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
-from tortoise import Tortoise, expand_db_url, generate_schema_for_client
+from tortoise import Tortoise, expand_db_url
-from tortoise.backends.asyncpg.schema_generator import AsyncpgSchemaGenerator
+from tortoise.backends.base_postgres.schema_generator import BasePostgresSchemaGenerator
 from tortoise.backends.mysql.schema_generator import MySQLSchemaGenerator
 from tortoise.backends.sqlite.schema_generator import SqliteSchemaGenerator
+from tortoise.contrib.test import MEMORY_SQLITE
 
 from aerich.ddl.mysql import MysqlDDL
 from aerich.ddl.postgres import PostgresDDL
 from aerich.ddl.sqlite import SqliteDDL
 from aerich.migrate import Migrate
+from tests._utils import chdir, copy_files, init_db, run_shell
 
-db_url = os.getenv("TEST_DB", "sqlite://:memory:")
+db_url = os.getenv("TEST_DB", MEMORY_SQLITE)
-db_url_second = os.getenv("TEST_DB_SECOND", "sqlite://:memory:")
+db_url_second = os.getenv("TEST_DB_SECOND", MEMORY_SQLITE)
 tortoise_orm = {
     "connections": {
-        "default": expand_db_url(db_url, True),
+        "default": expand_db_url(db_url, testing=True),
-        "second": expand_db_url(db_url_second, True),
+        "second": expand_db_url(db_url_second, testing=True),
     },
     "apps": {
         "models": {"models": ["tests.models", "aerich.models"], "default_connection": "default"},
@@ -27,7 +34,7 @@ tortoise_orm = {
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope="function", autouse=True)
-def reset_migrate():
+def reset_migrate() -> None:
     Migrate.upgrade_operators = []
     Migrate.downgrade_operators = []
     Migrate._upgrade_fk_m2m_index_operators = []
@@ -37,29 +44,54 @@ def reset_migrate():
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope="session")
-def event_loop():
+def event_loop() -> Generator:
     policy = asyncio.get_event_loop_policy()
     res = policy.new_event_loop()
     asyncio.set_event_loop(res)
-    res._close = res.close
+    res._close = res.close  # type:ignore[attr-defined]
-    res.close = lambda: None
+    res.close = lambda: None  # type:ignore[method-assign]
 
     yield res
 
-    res._close()
+    res._close()  # type:ignore[attr-defined]
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope="session", autouse=True)
-async def initialize_tests(event_loop, request):
+async def initialize_tests(event_loop, request) -> None:
-    await Tortoise.init(config=tortoise_orm, _create_db=True)
+    await init_db(tortoise_orm)
-    await generate_schema_for_client(Tortoise.get_connection("default"), safe=True)
-
     client = Tortoise.get_connection("default")
     if client.schema_generator is MySQLSchemaGenerator:
         Migrate.ddl = MysqlDDL(client)
     elif client.schema_generator is SqliteSchemaGenerator:
         Migrate.ddl = SqliteDDL(client)
-    elif client.schema_generator is AsyncpgSchemaGenerator:
+    elif issubclass(client.schema_generator, BasePostgresSchemaGenerator):
         Migrate.ddl = PostgresDDL(client)
     Migrate.dialect = Migrate.ddl.DIALECT
     request.addfinalizer(lambda: event_loop.run_until_complete(Tortoise._drop_databases()))
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def new_aerich_project(tmp_path: Path):
+    test_dir = Path(__file__).parent / "tests"
+    asset_dir = test_dir / "assets" / "fake"
+    settings_py = asset_dir / "settings.py"
+    _tests_py = asset_dir / "_tests.py"
+    db_py = asset_dir / "db.py"
+    models_py = test_dir / "models.py"
+    models_second_py = test_dir / "models_second.py"
+    copy_files(settings_py, _tests_py, models_py, models_second_py, db_py, target_dir=tmp_path)
+    dst_dir = tmp_path / "tests"
+    dst_dir.mkdir()
+    dst_dir.joinpath("__init__.py").touch()
+    copy_files(test_dir / "_utils.py", test_dir / "indexes.py", target_dir=dst_dir)
+    if should_remove := str(tmp_path) not in sys.path:
+        sys.path.append(str(tmp_path))
+    with chdir(tmp_path):
+        run_shell("python db.py create", capture_output=False)
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            if not os.getenv("AERICH_DONT_DROP_FAKE_DB"):
+                run_shell("python db.py drop", capture_output=False)
+            if should_remove:
+                sys.path.remove(str(tmp_path))

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,43 +1,60 @@
-[tool.poetry]
+[project]
 name = "aerich"
-version = "0.7.2"
+version = "0.8.2"
 description = "A database migrations tool for Tortoise ORM."
-authors = ["long2ice <long2ice@gmail.com>"]
+authors = [{name="long2ice", email="long2ice@gmail.com>"}]
-license = "Apache-2.0"
+license = { text = "Apache-2.0" }
 readme = "README.md"
+keywords = ["migrate", "Tortoise-ORM", "mysql"]
+packages = [{ include = "aerich" }]
+include = ["CHANGELOG.md", "LICENSE", "README.md"]
+requires-python = ">=3.8"
+dependencies = [
+  "tortoise-orm (>=0.21.0,<1.0.0); python_version < '4.0'",
+  "pydantic (>=2.0.2,!=2.1.0,!=2.7.0,<3.0.0)",
+  "dictdiffer (>=0.9.0,<1.0.0)",
+  "asyncclick (>=8.1.7,<9.0.0)",
+  "eval-type-backport (>=0.2.2,<1.0.0); python_version < '3.10'",
+]
+
+[project.optional-dependencies]
+toml = [
+    "tomli-w (>=1.1.0,<2.0.0); python_version >= '3.11'",
+    "tomlkit (>=0.11.4,<1.0.0); python_version < '3.11'",
+]
+# Need asyncpg or psyncopg for PostgreSQL
+asyncpg = ["asyncpg"]
+psycopg = ["psycopg[pool,binary] (>=3.0.12,<4.0.0)"]
+# Need asyncmy or aiomysql for MySQL
+asyncmy = ["asyncmy>=0.2.9; python_version < '4.0'"]
+mysql = ["aiomysql>=0.2.0"]
+
+[project.urls]
 homepage = "https://github.com/tortoise/aerich"
 repository = "https://github.com/tortoise/aerich.git"
 documentation = "https://github.com/tortoise/aerich"
-keywords = ["migrate", "Tortoise-ORM", "mysql"]
-packages = [
-    { include = "aerich" }
-]
-include = ["CHANGELOG.md", "LICENSE", "README.md"]
 
-[tool.poetry.dependencies]
+[project.scripts]
-python = "^3.7"
+aerich = "aerich.cli:main"
-tortoise-orm = "*"
-click = "*"
-asyncpg = { version = "*", optional = true }
-asyncmy = { version = "^0.2.8rc1", optional = true, allow-prereleases = true }
-pydantic = "*"
-dictdiffer = "*"
-tomlkit = "*"
 
-[tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
+[tool.poetry]
-ruff = "*"
+requires-poetry = ">=2.0"
-isort = "*"
-black = "*"
-pytest = "*"
-pytest-xdist = "*"
-pytest-asyncio = "*"
-bandit = "*"
-pytest-mock = "*"
-cryptography = "*"
 
-[tool.poetry.extras]
+[tool.poetry.group.dev.dependencies]
-asyncmy = ["asyncmy"]
+ruff = "^0.9.0"
-asyncpg = ["asyncpg"]
+bandit = "^1.7.0"
+mypy = "^1.10.0"
+twine = "^6.1.0"
+
+[tool.poetry.group.test.dependencies]
+pytest = "^8.3.0"
+pytest-mock = "^3.14.0"
+pytest-xdist = "^3.6.0"
+# Breaking change in 0.23.*
+# https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-asyncio/issues/706
+pytest-asyncio = "^0.21.2"
+# required for sha256_password by asyncmy
+cryptography = {version="^44.0.1", python="!=3.9.0,!=3.9.1"}
 
 [tool.aerich]
 tortoise_orm = "conftest.tortoise_orm"
@@ -45,22 +62,55 @@ location = "./migrations"
 src_folder = "./."
 
 [build-system]
-requires = ["poetry>=0.12"]
+requires = ["poetry-core>=2.0.0"]
-build-backend = "poetry.masonry.api"
+build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
-
-[tool.poetry.scripts]
-aerich = "aerich.cli:main"
-
-[tool.black]
-line-length = 100
-target-version = ['py36', 'py37', 'py38', 'py39']
 
 [tool.pytest.ini_options]
 asyncio_mode = 'auto'
 
+[tool.coverage.run]
+branch = true
+source = ["aerich"]
+
+[tool.coverage.report]
+exclude_also = [
+    "if TYPE_CHECKING:"
+]
+
 [tool.mypy]
 pretty = true
+python_version = "3.8"
+check_untyped_defs = true
+warn_unused_ignores = true
+disallow_incomplete_defs = false
+exclude = ["tests/assets", "migrations"]
+
+[[tool.mypy.overrides]]
+module = [
+    'dictdiffer.*',
+    'tomlkit',
+    'tomli_w',
+    'tomli',
+]
 ignore_missing_imports = true
 
 [tool.ruff]
-ignore = ['E501']
+line-length = 100
+
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+extend-select = [
+    "I",      # https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/#isort-i
+    "SIM",    # https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/#flake8-simplify-sim
+    "FA",     # https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/#flake8-future-annotations-fa
+    "UP",     # https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/#pyupgrade-up
+    "RUF100", # https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/#ruff-specific-rules-ruf
+]
+ignore = ["UP031"] # https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/printf-string-formatting/
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
+# TODO: Remove this line when dropping support for Python3.8
+"aerich/inspectdb/__init__.py" = ["UP006", "UP035"]
+"aerich/_compat.py" = ["F401"]
+
+[tool.bandit]
+exclude_dirs = ["tests", "conftest.py"]

tests/_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import contextlib
+import os
+import platform
+import shlex
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from tortoise import Tortoise, generate_schema_for_client
+from tortoise.exceptions import DBConnectionError, OperationalError
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from contextlib import chdir
+else:
+
+    class chdir(contextlib.AbstractContextManager):  # Copied from source code of Python3.13
+        """Non thread-safe context manager to change the current working directory."""
+
+        def __init__(self, path):
+            self.path = path
+            self._old_cwd = []
+
+        def __enter__(self):
+            self._old_cwd.append(os.getcwd())
+            os.chdir(self.path)
+
+        def __exit__(self, *excinfo):
+            os.chdir(self._old_cwd.pop())
+
+
+async def drop_db(tortoise_orm) -> None:
+    # Placing init outside the try-block(suppress) since it doesn't
+    # establish connections to the DB eagerly.
+    await Tortoise.init(config=tortoise_orm)
+    with contextlib.suppress(DBConnectionError, OperationalError):
+        await Tortoise._drop_databases()
+
+
+async def init_db(tortoise_orm, generate_schemas=True) -> None:
+    await drop_db(tortoise_orm)
+    await Tortoise.init(config=tortoise_orm, _create_db=True)
+    if generate_schemas:
+        await generate_schema_for_client(Tortoise.get_connection("default"), safe=True)
+
+
+def copy_files(*src_files: Path, target_dir: Path) -> None:
+    for src in src_files:
+        shutil.copy(src, target_dir)
+
+
+class Dialect:
+    test_db_url: str
+
+    @classmethod
+    def load_env(cls) -> None:
+        if getattr(cls, "test_db_url", None) is None:
+            cls.test_db_url = os.getenv("TEST_DB", "")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_postgres(cls) -> bool:
+        cls.load_env()
+        return "postgres" in cls.test_db_url
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_mysql(cls) -> bool:
+        cls.load_env()
+        return "mysql" in cls.test_db_url
+
+    @classmethod
+    def is_sqlite(cls) -> bool:
+        cls.load_env()
+        return not cls.test_db_url or "sqlite" in cls.test_db_url
+
+
+WINDOWS = platform.system() == "Windows"
+
+
+def run_shell(command: str, capture_output=True, **kw) -> str:
+    if WINDOWS and command.startswith("aerich "):
+        command = "python -m " + command
+    r = subprocess.run(shlex.split(command), capture_output=capture_output)
+    if r.returncode != 0 and r.stderr:
+        return r.stderr.decode()
+    if not r.stdout:
+        return ""
+    return r.stdout.decode()

tests/assets/fake/_tests.py

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+import pytest
+from models import NewModel
+from models_second import Config
+from settings import TORTOISE_ORM
+from tortoise import Tortoise
+from tortoise.exceptions import OperationalError
+
+try:
+    # This error does not translate to tortoise's OperationalError
+    from psycopg.errors import UndefinedColumn
+except ImportError:
+    errors = (OperationalError,)
+else:
+    errors = (OperationalError, UndefinedColumn)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+def anyio_backend() -> str:
+    return "asyncio"
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+async def init_connections():
+    await Tortoise.init(TORTOISE_ORM)
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        await Tortoise.close_connections()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.anyio
+async def test_init_db():
+    m1 = await NewModel.filter(name="")
+    assert isinstance(m1, list)
+    m2 = await Config.filter(key="")
+    assert isinstance(m2, list)
+    await NewModel.create(name="")
+    await Config.create(key="", label="", value={})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.anyio
+async def test_fake_field_1():
+    assert "field_1" in NewModel._meta.fields_map
+    assert "field_1" in Config._meta.fields_map
+    with pytest.raises(errors):
+        await NewModel.create(name="", field_1=1)
+    with pytest.raises(errors):
+        await Config.create(key="", label="", value={}, field_1=1)
+
+    obj1 = NewModel(name="", field_1=1)
+    with pytest.raises(errors):
+        await obj1.save()
+    obj1 = NewModel(name="")
+    with pytest.raises(errors):
+        await obj1.save()
+    with pytest.raises(errors):
+        obj1 = await NewModel.first()
+    obj1 = await NewModel.all().first().values("id", "name")
+    assert obj1 and obj1["id"]
+
+    obj2 = Config(key="", label="", value={}, field_1=1)
+    with pytest.raises(errors):
+        await obj2.save()
+    obj2 = Config(key="", label="", value={})
+    with pytest.raises(errors):
+        await obj2.save()
+    with pytest.raises(errors):
+        obj2 = await Config.first()
+    obj2 = await Config.all().first().values("id", "key")
+    assert obj2 and obj2["id"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.anyio
+async def test_fake_field_2():
+    assert "field_2" in NewModel._meta.fields_map
+    assert "field_2" in Config._meta.fields_map
+    with pytest.raises(errors):
+        await NewModel.create(name="")
+    with pytest.raises(errors):
+        await Config.create(key="", label="", value={})

tests/assets/fake/db.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import asyncclick as click
+from settings import TORTOISE_ORM
+
+from tests._utils import drop_db, init_db
+
+
+@click.group()
+def cli(): ...
+
+
+@cli.command()
+async def create():
+    await init_db(TORTOISE_ORM, False)
+    click.echo(f"Success to create databases for {TORTOISE_ORM['connections']}")
+
+
+@cli.command()
+async def drop():
+    await drop_db(TORTOISE_ORM)
+    click.echo(f"Dropped databases for {TORTOISE_ORM['connections']}")
+
+
+def main():
+    cli()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

tests/assets/fake/settings.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import os
+from datetime import date
+
+from tortoise.contrib.test import MEMORY_SQLITE
+
+DB_URL = (
+    _u.replace("\\{\\}", f"aerich_fake_{date.today():%Y%m%d}")
+    if (_u := os.getenv("TEST_DB"))
+    else MEMORY_SQLITE
+)
+DB_URL_SECOND = (DB_URL + "_second") if DB_URL != MEMORY_SQLITE else MEMORY_SQLITE
+
+TORTOISE_ORM = {
+    "connections": {
+        "default": DB_URL.replace(MEMORY_SQLITE, "sqlite://db.sqlite3"),
+        "second": DB_URL_SECOND.replace(MEMORY_SQLITE, "sqlite://db_second.sqlite3"),
+    },
+    "apps": {
+        "models": {"models": ["models", "aerich.models"], "default_connection": "default"},
+        "models_second": {"models": ["models_second"], "default_connection": "second"},
+    },
+}

tests/assets/sqlite_migrate/_tests.py

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+import uuid
+
+import pytest
+from models import Foo
+from tortoise.exceptions import IntegrityError
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_allow_duplicate() -> None:
+    await Foo.all().delete()
+    await Foo.create(name="foo")
+    obj = await Foo.create(name="foo")
+    assert (await Foo.all().count()) == 2
+    await obj.delete()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_unique_is_true() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(IntegrityError):
+        await Foo.create(name="foo")
+        await Foo.create(name="foo")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_add_unique_field() -> None:
+    if not await Foo.filter(age=0).exists():
+        await Foo.create(name="0_" + uuid.uuid4().hex, age=0)
+    with pytest.raises(IntegrityError):
+        await Foo.create(name=uuid.uuid4().hex, age=0)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_drop_unique_field() -> None:
+    name = "1_" + uuid.uuid4().hex
+    await Foo.create(name=name, age=0)
+    assert await Foo.filter(name=name).exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_with_age_field() -> None:
+    name = "2_" + uuid.uuid4().hex
+    await Foo.create(name=name, age=0)
+    obj = await Foo.get(name=name)
+    assert obj.age == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_without_age_field() -> None:
+    name = "3_" + uuid.uuid4().hex
+    await Foo.create(name=name, age=0)
+    obj = await Foo.get(name=name)
+    assert getattr(obj, "age", None) is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_m2m_with_custom_through() -> None:
+    from models import FooGroup, Group
+
+    name = "4_" + uuid.uuid4().hex
+    foo = await Foo.create(name=name)
+    group = await Group.create(name=name + "1")
+    await FooGroup.all().delete()
+    await foo.groups.add(group)
+    foo_group = await FooGroup.get(foo=foo, group=group)
+    assert not foo_group.is_active
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_add_m2m_field_after_init_db() -> None:
+    from models import Group
+
+    name = "5_" + uuid.uuid4().hex
+    foo = await Foo.create(name=name)
+    group = await Group.create(name=name + "1")
+    await foo.groups.add(group)
+    assert (await group.users.all().first()) == foo

tests/assets/sqlite_migrate/conftest_.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from collections.abc import Generator
+
+import pytest
+import pytest_asyncio
+import settings
+from tortoise import Tortoise, connections
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+def event_loop() -> Generator:
+    policy = asyncio.get_event_loop_policy()
+    res = policy.new_event_loop()
+    asyncio.set_event_loop(res)
+    res._close = res.close  # type:ignore[attr-defined]
+    res.close = lambda: None  # type:ignore[method-assign]
+
+    yield res
+
+    res._close()  # type:ignore[attr-defined]
+
+
+@pytest_asyncio.fixture(scope="session", autouse=True)
+async def api(event_loop, request):
+    await Tortoise.init(config=settings.TORTOISE_ORM)
+    request.addfinalizer(lambda: event_loop.run_until_complete(connections.close_all(discard=True)))

tests/assets/sqlite_migrate/models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from tortoise import Model, fields
+
+
+class Foo(Model):
+    name = fields.CharField(max_length=60, db_index=False)

tests/assets/sqlite_migrate/settings.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+TORTOISE_ORM = {
+    "connections": {"default": "sqlite://db.sqlite3"},
+    "apps": {"models": {"models": ["models", "aerich.models"]}},
+}

tests/indexes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+from tortoise.indexes import Index
+
+
+class CustomIndex(Index):
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kw) -> None:
+        super().__init__(*args, **kw)
+        self._foo = ""

tests/models.py

@@ -1,8 +1,16 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import datetime
 import uuid
 from enum import IntEnum
 
 from tortoise import Model, fields
+from tortoise.contrib.mysql.indexes import FullTextIndex
+from tortoise.contrib.postgres.indexes import HashIndex
+from tortoise.indexes import Index
+
+from tests._utils import Dialect
+from tests.indexes import CustomIndex
 
 
 class ProductType(IntEnum):
@@ -31,13 +39,21 @@ class User(Model):
     intro = fields.TextField(default="")
     longitude = fields.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=8)
 
+    products: fields.ManyToManyRelation[Product]
+
+    class Meta:
+        # reverse indexes elements
+        indexes = [CustomIndex(fields=("is_superuser",)), Index(fields=("username", "is_active"))]
+
 
 class Email(Model):
-    email_id = fields.IntField(pk=True)
+    email_id = fields.IntField(primary_key=True)
-    email = fields.CharField(max_length=200, index=True)
+    email = fields.CharField(max_length=200, db_index=True)
+    company = fields.CharField(max_length=100, db_index=True, unique=True)
     is_primary = fields.BooleanField(default=False)
     address = fields.CharField(max_length=200)
-    users = fields.ManyToManyField("models.User")
+    users: fields.ManyToManyRelation[User] = fields.ManyToManyField("models.User")
+    config: fields.OneToOneRelation[Config] = fields.OneToOneField("models.Config")
 
 
 def default_name():
@@ -47,34 +63,78 @@ def default_name():
 class Category(Model):
     slug = fields.CharField(max_length=100)
     name = fields.CharField(max_length=200, null=True, default=default_name)
-    user = fields.ForeignKeyField("models.User", description="User")
+    owner: fields.ForeignKeyRelation[User] = fields.ForeignKeyField(
+        "models.User", description="User"
+    )
+    title = fields.CharField(max_length=20, unique=False)
     created_at = fields.DatetimeField(auto_now_add=True)
 
+    class Meta:
+        if Dialect.is_postgres():
+            indexes = [HashIndex(fields=("slug",))]
+        elif Dialect.is_mysql():
+            indexes = [FullTextIndex(fields=("slug",))]  # type:ignore
+        else:
+            indexes = [Index(fields=("slug",))]  # type:ignore
+
 
 class Product(Model):
-    categories = fields.ManyToManyField("models.Category")
+    id = fields.BigIntField(primary_key=True)
+    categories: fields.ManyToManyRelation[Category] = fields.ManyToManyField(
+        "models.Category", null=False
+    )
+    users: fields.ManyToManyRelation[User] = fields.ManyToManyField(
+        "models.User", related_name="products"
+    )
     name = fields.CharField(max_length=50)
     view_num = fields.IntField(description="View Num", default=0)
     sort = fields.IntField()
     is_reviewed = fields.BooleanField(description="Is Reviewed")
-    type = fields.IntEnumField(
+    type: int = fields.IntEnumField(
         ProductType, description="Product Type", source_field="type_db_alias"
     )
     pic = fields.CharField(max_length=200)
     body = fields.TextField()
+    price = fields.FloatField(null=True)
+    no = fields.UUIDField(db_index=True)
     created_at = fields.DatetimeField(auto_now_add=True)
+    is_deleted = fields.BooleanField(default=False)
 
     class Meta:
         unique_together = (("name", "type"),)
         indexes = (("name", "type"),)
+        managed = True
 
 
 class Config(Model):
+    slug = fields.CharField(primary_key=True, max_length=20)
+    categories: fields.ManyToManyRelation[Category] = fields.ManyToManyField(
+        "models.Category", through="config_category_map", related_name="category_set"
+    )
     label = fields.CharField(max_length=200)
     key = fields.CharField(max_length=20)
-    value = fields.JSONField()
+    value: dict = fields.JSONField()
     status: Status = fields.IntEnumField(Status)
-    user = fields.ForeignKeyField("models.User", description="User")
+    user: fields.ForeignKeyRelation[User] = fields.ForeignKeyField(
+        "models.User", description="User"
+    )
+
+    email: fields.OneToOneRelation[Email]
+
+    class Meta:
+        managed = True
+
+
+class DontManageMe(Model):
+    name = fields.CharField(max_length=50)
+
+    class Meta:
+        managed = False
+
+
+class Ignore(Model):
+    class Meta:
+        managed = False
 
 
 class NewModel(Model):

tests/models_second.py

@@ -34,23 +34,29 @@ class User(Model):
 class Email(Model):
     email = fields.CharField(max_length=200)
     is_primary = fields.BooleanField(default=False)
-    user = fields.ForeignKeyField("models_second.User", db_constraint=False)
+    user: fields.ForeignKeyRelation[User] = fields.ForeignKeyField(
+        "models_second.User", db_constraint=False
+    )
 
 
 class Category(Model):
     slug = fields.CharField(max_length=200)
     name = fields.CharField(max_length=200)
-    user = fields.ForeignKeyField("models_second.User", description="User")
+    user: fields.ForeignKeyRelation[User] = fields.ForeignKeyField(
+        "models_second.User", description="User"
+    )
     created_at = fields.DatetimeField(auto_now_add=True)
 
 
 class Product(Model):
-    categories = fields.ManyToManyField("models_second.Category")
+    categories: fields.ManyToManyRelation[Category] = fields.ManyToManyField(
+        "models_second.Category"
+    )
     name = fields.CharField(max_length=50)
     view_num = fields.IntField(description="View Num")
     sort = fields.IntField()
     is_reviewed = fields.BooleanField(description="Is Reviewed")
-    type = fields.IntEnumField(
+    type: int = fields.IntEnumField(
         ProductType, description="Product Type", source_field="type_db_alias"
     )
     image = fields.CharField(max_length=200)
@@ -61,5 +67,5 @@ class Product(Model):
 class Config(Model):
     label = fields.CharField(max_length=200)
     key = fields.CharField(max_length=20)
-    value = fields.JSONField()
+    value: dict = fields.JSONField()
     status: Status = fields.IntEnumField(Status, default=Status.on)

tests/old_models.py

@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@ import datetime
 from enum import IntEnum
 
 from tortoise import Model, fields
+from tortoise.indexes import Index
+
+from tests.indexes import CustomIndex
 
 
 class ProductType(IntEnum):
@@ -31,39 +34,96 @@ class User(Model):
     intro = fields.TextField(default="")
     longitude = fields.DecimalField(max_digits=12, decimal_places=9)
 
+    class Meta:
+        indexes = [Index(fields=("username", "is_active")), CustomIndex(fields=("is_superuser",))]
+
 
 class Email(Model):
     email = fields.CharField(max_length=200)
+    company = fields.CharField(max_length=100, db_index=True)
     is_primary = fields.BooleanField(default=False)
-    user = fields.ForeignKeyField("models.User", db_constraint=False)
+    user: fields.ForeignKeyRelation[User] = fields.ForeignKeyField(
+        "models.User", db_constraint=False
+    )
 
 
 class Category(Model):
     slug = fields.CharField(max_length=200)
     name = fields.CharField(max_length=200)
-    user = fields.ForeignKeyField("models.User", description="User")
+    user: fields.ForeignKeyRelation[User] = fields.ForeignKeyField(
+        "models.User", description="User"
+    )
+    title = fields.CharField(max_length=20, unique=True)
     created_at = fields.DatetimeField(auto_now_add=True)
 
+    class Meta:
+        indexes = [Index(fields=("slug",))]
+
 
 class Product(Model):
-    categories = fields.ManyToManyField("models.Category")
+    categories: fields.ManyToManyRelation[Category] = fields.ManyToManyField("models.Category")
+    uid = fields.IntField(source_field="uuid", unique=True)
     name = fields.CharField(max_length=50)
     view_num = fields.IntField(description="View Num")
     sort = fields.IntField()
-    is_reviewed = fields.BooleanField(description="Is Reviewed")
+    is_review = fields.BooleanField(description="Is Reviewed")
-    type = fields.IntEnumField(
+    type: int = fields.IntEnumField(
         ProductType, description="Product Type", source_field="type_db_alias"
     )
     image = fields.CharField(max_length=200)
     body = fields.TextField()
     created_at = fields.DatetimeField(auto_now_add=True)
+    is_delete = fields.BooleanField(default=False)
 
 
 class Config(Model):
+    slug = fields.CharField(primary_key=True, max_length=10)
+    category: fields.ManyToManyRelation[Category] = fields.ManyToManyField("models.Category")
+    categories: fields.ManyToManyRelation[Category] = fields.ManyToManyField(
+        "models.Category", through="config_category_map", related_name="config_set"
+    )
+    name = fields.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True)
     label = fields.CharField(max_length=200)
     key = fields.CharField(max_length=20)
-    value = fields.JSONField()
+    value: dict = fields.JSONField()
     status: Status = fields.IntEnumField(Status, default=Status.on)
 
     class Meta:
         table = "configs"
+
+
+class DontManageMe(Model):
+    name = fields.CharField(max_length=50)
+
+    class Meta:
+        table = "dont_manage"
+
+
+class Ignore(Model):
+    name = fields.CharField(max_length=50)
+
+    class Meta:
+        managed = True
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    """Generate a python file for the old_models_describe"""
+    from pathlib import Path
+
+    from tortoise import run_async
+    from tortoise.contrib.test import init_memory_sqlite
+
+    from aerich.utils import get_models_describe
+
+    @init_memory_sqlite
+    async def run() -> None:
+        old_models_describe = get_models_describe("models")
+        p = Path("old_models_describe.py")
+        p.write_text(f"{old_models_describe = }", encoding="utf-8")
+        print(f"Write value to {p}\nYou can reformat it by `ruff format {p}`")
+
+    run_async(run())
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

tests/test_command.py

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from aerich import Command
+from conftest import tortoise_orm
+
+
+async def test_command(mocker):
+    mocker.patch("os.listdir", return_value=[])
+    async with Command(tortoise_orm) as command:
+        history = await command.history()
+        heads = await command.heads()
+    assert history == []
+    assert heads == []

tests/test_ddl.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import tortoise
+
 from aerich.ddl.mysql import MysqlDDL
 from aerich.ddl.postgres import PostgresDDL
 from aerich.ddl.sqlite import SqliteDDL
@@ -8,28 +10,48 @@ from tests.models import Category, Product, User
 def test_create_table():
     ret = Migrate.ddl.create_table(Category)
     if isinstance(Migrate.ddl, MysqlDDL):
+        if tortoise.__version__ >= "0.24":
             assert (
                 ret
                 == """CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `category` (
     `id` INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
     `slug` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
     `name` VARCHAR(200),
+    `title` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
     `created_at` DATETIME(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6),
-    `user_id` INT NOT NULL COMMENT 'User',
+    `owner_id` INT NOT NULL COMMENT 'User',
-    CONSTRAINT `fk_category_user_e2e3874c` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `user` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE
+    CONSTRAINT `fk_category_user_110d4c63` FOREIGN KEY (`owner_id`) REFERENCES `user` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    FULLTEXT KEY `idx_category_slug_e9bcff` (`slug`)
 ) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4"""
             )
+            return
+        assert (
+            ret
+            == """CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `category` (
+    `id` INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
+    `slug` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
+    `name` VARCHAR(200),
+    `title` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
+    `created_at` DATETIME(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6),
+    `owner_id` INT NOT NULL COMMENT 'User',
+    CONSTRAINT `fk_category_user_110d4c63` FOREIGN KEY (`owner_id`) REFERENCES `user` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE
+) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4;
+CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX `idx_category_slug_e9bcff` ON `category` (`slug`)"""
+        )
 
     elif isinstance(Migrate.ddl, SqliteDDL):
+        exists = "IF NOT EXISTS " if tortoise.__version__ >= "0.24" else ""
         assert (
             ret
-            == """CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "category" (
+            == f"""CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "category" (
     "id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL,
     "slug" VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
     "name" VARCHAR(200),
+    "title" VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
     "created_at" TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-    "user_id" INT NOT NULL REFERENCES "user" ("id") ON DELETE CASCADE /* User */
+    "owner_id" INT NOT NULL REFERENCES "user" ("id") ON DELETE CASCADE /* User */
-)"""
+);
+CREATE INDEX {exists}"idx_category_slug_e9bcff" ON "category" ("slug")"""
         )
 
     elif isinstance(Migrate.ddl, PostgresDDL):
@@ -39,10 +61,12 @@ def test_create_table():
     "id" SERIAL NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
     "slug" VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
     "name" VARCHAR(200),
+    "title" VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
     "created_at" TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
-    "user_id" INT NOT NULL REFERENCES "user" ("id") ON DELETE CASCADE
+    "owner_id" INT NOT NULL REFERENCES "user" ("id") ON DELETE CASCADE
 );
-COMMENT ON COLUMN "category"."user_id" IS 'User'"""
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "idx_category_slug_e9bcff" ON "category" USING HASH ("slug");
+COMMENT ON COLUMN "category"."owner_id" IS 'User'"""
         )
 
 
@@ -55,21 +79,27 @@ def test_drop_table():
 
 
 def test_add_column():
-    ret = Migrate.ddl.add_column(Category, Category._meta.fields_map.get("name").describe(False))
+    ret = Migrate.ddl.add_column(Category, Category._meta.fields_map["name"].describe(False))
     if isinstance(Migrate.ddl, MysqlDDL):
         assert ret == "ALTER TABLE `category` ADD `name` VARCHAR(200)"
     else:
         assert ret == 'ALTER TABLE "category" ADD "name" VARCHAR(200)'
+    # add unique column
+    ret = Migrate.ddl.add_column(User, User._meta.fields_map["username"].describe(False))
+    if isinstance(Migrate.ddl, MysqlDDL):
+        assert ret == "ALTER TABLE `user` ADD `username` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL UNIQUE"
+    elif isinstance(Migrate.ddl, PostgresDDL):
+        assert ret == 'ALTER TABLE "user" ADD "username" VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL UNIQUE'
+    else:
+        assert ret == 'ALTER TABLE "user" ADD "username" VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL'
 
 
 def test_modify_column():
     if isinstance(Migrate.ddl, SqliteDDL):
         return
 
-    ret0 = Migrate.ddl.modify_column(
+    ret0 = Migrate.ddl.modify_column(Category, Category._meta.fields_map["name"].describe(False))
-        Category, Category._meta.fields_map.get("name").describe(False)
+    ret1 = Migrate.ddl.modify_column(User, User._meta.fields_map["is_active"].describe(False))
-    )
-    ret1 = Migrate.ddl.modify_column(User, User._meta.fields_map.get("is_active").describe(False))
     if isinstance(Migrate.ddl, MysqlDDL):
         assert ret0 == "ALTER TABLE `category` MODIFY COLUMN `name` VARCHAR(200)"
         assert (
@@ -90,14 +120,14 @@ def test_modify_column():
 def test_alter_column_default():
     if isinstance(Migrate.ddl, SqliteDDL):
         return
-    ret = Migrate.ddl.alter_column_default(User, User._meta.fields_map.get("intro").describe(False))
+    ret = Migrate.ddl.alter_column_default(User, User._meta.fields_map["intro"].describe(False))
     if isinstance(Migrate.ddl, PostgresDDL):
         assert ret == 'ALTER TABLE "user" ALTER COLUMN "intro" SET DEFAULT \'\''
     elif isinstance(Migrate.ddl, MysqlDDL):
         assert ret == "ALTER TABLE `user` ALTER COLUMN `intro` SET DEFAULT ''"
 
     ret = Migrate.ddl.alter_column_default(
-        Category, Category._meta.fields_map.get("created_at").describe(False)
+        Category, Category._meta.fields_map["created_at"].describe(False)
     )
     if isinstance(Migrate.ddl, PostgresDDL):
         assert (
@@ -110,7 +140,7 @@ def test_alter_column_default():
         )
 
     ret = Migrate.ddl.alter_column_default(
-        Product, Product._meta.fields_map.get("view_num").describe(False)
+        Product, Product._meta.fields_map["view_num"].describe(False)
     )
     if isinstance(Migrate.ddl, PostgresDDL):
         assert ret == 'ALTER TABLE "product" ALTER COLUMN "view_num" SET DEFAULT 0'
@@ -121,9 +151,7 @@ def test_alter_column_default():
 def test_alter_column_null():
     if isinstance(Migrate.ddl, (SqliteDDL, MysqlDDL)):
         return
-    ret = Migrate.ddl.alter_column_null(
+    ret = Migrate.ddl.alter_column_null(Category, Category._meta.fields_map["name"].describe(False))
-        Category, Category._meta.fields_map.get("name").describe(False)
-    )
     if isinstance(Migrate.ddl, PostgresDDL):
         assert ret == 'ALTER TABLE "category" ALTER COLUMN "name" DROP NOT NULL'
 
@@ -131,11 +159,11 @@ def test_alter_column_null():
 def test_set_comment():
     if isinstance(Migrate.ddl, (SqliteDDL, MysqlDDL)):
         return
-    ret = Migrate.ddl.set_comment(Category, Category._meta.fields_map.get("name").describe(False))
+    ret = Migrate.ddl.set_comment(Category, Category._meta.fields_map["name"].describe(False))
     assert ret == 'COMMENT ON COLUMN "category"."name" IS NULL'
 
-    ret = Migrate.ddl.set_comment(Category, Category._meta.fields_map.get("user").describe(False))
+    ret = Migrate.ddl.set_comment(Category, Category._meta.fields_map["owner"].describe(False))
-    assert ret == 'COMMENT ON COLUMN "category"."user_id" IS \'User\''
+    assert ret == 'COMMENT ON COLUMN "category"."owner_id" IS \'User\''
 
 
 def test_drop_column():
@@ -151,17 +179,18 @@ def test_add_index():
     index_u = Migrate.ddl.add_index(Category, ["name"], True)
     if isinstance(Migrate.ddl, MysqlDDL):
         assert index == "ALTER TABLE `category` ADD INDEX `idx_category_name_8b0cb9` (`name`)"
-        assert (
+        assert index_u == "ALTER TABLE `category` ADD UNIQUE INDEX `name` (`name`)"
-            index_u == "ALTER TABLE `category` ADD UNIQUE INDEX `uid_category_name_8b0cb9` (`name`)"
-        )
     elif isinstance(Migrate.ddl, PostgresDDL):
+        assert (
+            index == 'CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "idx_category_name_8b0cb9" ON "category" ("name")'
+        )
+        assert (
+            index_u
+            == 'CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "uid_category_name_8b0cb9" ON "category" ("name")'
+        )
+    else:
         assert index == 'CREATE INDEX "idx_category_name_8b0cb9" ON "category" ("name")'
         assert index_u == 'CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "uid_category_name_8b0cb9" ON "category" ("name")'
-    else:
-        assert index == 'ALTER TABLE "category" ADD INDEX "idx_category_name_8b0cb9" ("name")'
-        assert (
-            index_u == 'ALTER TABLE "category" ADD UNIQUE INDEX "uid_category_name_8b0cb9" ("name")'
-        )
 
 
 def test_drop_index():
@@ -169,38 +198,35 @@ def test_drop_index():
     ret_u = Migrate.ddl.drop_index(Category, ["name"], True)
     if isinstance(Migrate.ddl, MysqlDDL):
         assert ret == "ALTER TABLE `category` DROP INDEX `idx_category_name_8b0cb9`"
-        assert ret_u == "ALTER TABLE `category` DROP INDEX `uid_category_name_8b0cb9`"
+        assert ret_u == "ALTER TABLE `category` DROP INDEX `name`"
-    elif isinstance(Migrate.ddl, PostgresDDL):
-        assert ret == 'DROP INDEX "idx_category_name_8b0cb9"'
-        assert ret_u == 'DROP INDEX "uid_category_name_8b0cb9"'
     else:
-        assert ret == 'ALTER TABLE "category" DROP INDEX "idx_category_name_8b0cb9"'
+        assert ret == 'DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "idx_category_name_8b0cb9"'
-        assert ret_u == 'ALTER TABLE "category" DROP INDEX "uid_category_name_8b0cb9"'
+        assert ret_u == 'DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "uid_category_name_8b0cb9"'
 
 
 def test_add_fk():
     ret = Migrate.ddl.add_fk(
-        Category, Category._meta.fields_map.get("user").describe(False), User.describe(False)
+        Category, Category._meta.fields_map["owner"].describe(False), User.describe(False)
     )
     if isinstance(Migrate.ddl, MysqlDDL):
         assert (
             ret
-            == "ALTER TABLE `category` ADD CONSTRAINT `fk_category_user_e2e3874c` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `user` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE"
+            == "ALTER TABLE `category` ADD CONSTRAINT `fk_category_user_110d4c63` FOREIGN KEY (`owner_id`) REFERENCES `user` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE"
         )
     else:
         assert (
             ret
-            == 'ALTER TABLE "category" ADD CONSTRAINT "fk_category_user_e2e3874c" FOREIGN KEY ("user_id") REFERENCES "user" ("id") ON DELETE CASCADE'
+            == 'ALTER TABLE "category" ADD CONSTRAINT "fk_category_user_110d4c63" FOREIGN KEY ("owner_id") REFERENCES "user" ("id") ON DELETE CASCADE'
         )
 
 
 def test_drop_fk():
     ret = Migrate.ddl.drop_fk(
-        Category, Category._meta.fields_map.get("user").describe(False), User.describe(False)
+        Category, Category._meta.fields_map["owner"].describe(False), User.describe(False)
     )
     if isinstance(Migrate.ddl, MysqlDDL):
-        assert ret == "ALTER TABLE `category` DROP FOREIGN KEY `fk_category_user_e2e3874c`"
+        assert ret == "ALTER TABLE `category` DROP FOREIGN KEY `fk_category_user_110d4c63`"
     elif isinstance(Migrate.ddl, PostgresDDL):
-        assert ret == 'ALTER TABLE "category" DROP CONSTRAINT "fk_category_user_e2e3874c"'
+        assert ret == 'ALTER TABLE "category" DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS "fk_category_user_110d4c63"'
     else:
-        assert ret == 'ALTER TABLE "category" DROP FOREIGN KEY "fk_category_user_e2e3874c"'
+        assert ret == 'ALTER TABLE "category" DROP FOREIGN KEY "fk_category_user_110d4c63"'

tests/test_fake.py

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import re
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from tests._utils import Dialect, run_shell
+
+
+def _append_field(*files: str, name="field_1") -> None:
+    for file in files:
+        p = Path(file)
+        field = f"    {name} = fields.IntField(default=0)"
+        with p.open("a") as f:
+            f.write(os.linesep + field)
+
+
+def test_fake(new_aerich_project):
+    if Dialect.is_sqlite():
+        # TODO: go ahead if sqlite alter-column supported
+        return
+    output = run_shell("aerich init -t settings.TORTOISE_ORM")
+    assert "Success" in output
+    output = run_shell("aerich init-db")
+    assert "Success" in output
+    output = run_shell("aerich --app models_second init-db")
+    assert "Success" in output
+    output = run_shell("pytest _tests.py::test_init_db")
+    assert "error" not in output.lower()
+    _append_field("models.py", "models_second.py")
+    output = run_shell("aerich migrate")
+    assert "Success" in output
+    output = run_shell("aerich --app models_second migrate")
+    assert "Success" in output
+    output = run_shell("aerich upgrade --fake")
+    assert "FAKED" in output
+    output = run_shell("aerich --app models_second upgrade --fake")
+    assert "FAKED" in output
+    output = run_shell("pytest _tests.py::test_fake_field_1")
+    assert "error" not in output.lower()
+    _append_field("models.py", "models_second.py", name="field_2")
+    output = run_shell("aerich migrate")
+    assert "Success" in output
+    output = run_shell("aerich --app models_second migrate")
+    assert "Success" in output
+    output = run_shell("aerich heads")
+    assert "_update.py" in output
+    output = run_shell("aerich upgrade --fake")
+    assert "FAKED" in output
+    output = run_shell("aerich --app models_second upgrade --fake")
+    assert "FAKED" in output
+    output = run_shell("pytest _tests.py::test_fake_field_2")
+    assert "error" not in output.lower()
+    output = run_shell("aerich heads")
+    assert "No available heads." in output
+    output = run_shell("aerich --app models_second heads")
+    assert "No available heads." in output
+    _append_field("models.py", "models_second.py", name="field_3")
+    run_shell("aerich migrate", capture_output=False)
+    run_shell("aerich --app models_second migrate", capture_output=False)
+    run_shell("aerich upgrade --fake", capture_output=False)
+    run_shell("aerich --app models_second upgrade --fake", capture_output=False)
+    output = run_shell("aerich downgrade --fake -v 2 --yes", input="y\n")
+    assert "FAKED" in output
+    output = run_shell("aerich --app models_second downgrade --fake -v 2 --yes", input="y\n")
+    assert "FAKED" in output
+    output = run_shell("aerich heads")
+    assert "No available heads." not in output
+    assert not re.search(r"1_\d+_update\.py", output)
+    assert re.search(r"2_\d+_update\.py", output)
+    output = run_shell("aerich --app models_second heads")
+    assert "No available heads." not in output
+    assert not re.search(r"1_\d+_update\.py", output)
+    assert re.search(r"2_\d+_update\.py", output)
+    output = run_shell("aerich downgrade --fake -v 1 --yes", input="y\n")
+    assert "FAKED" in output
+    output = run_shell("aerich --app models_second downgrade --fake -v 1 --yes", input="y\n")
+    assert "FAKED" in output
+    output = run_shell("aerich heads")
+    assert "No available heads." not in output
+    assert re.search(r"1_\d+_update\.py", output)
+    assert re.search(r"2_\d+_update\.py", output)
+    output = run_shell("aerich --app models_second heads")
+    assert "No available heads." not in output
+    assert re.search(r"1_\d+_update\.py", output)
+    assert re.search(r"2_\d+_update\.py", output)
+    output = run_shell("aerich upgrade --fake")
+    assert "FAKED" in output
+    output = run_shell("aerich --app models_second upgrade --fake")
+    assert "FAKED" in output
+    output = run_shell("aerich heads")
+    assert "No available heads." in output
+    output = run_shell("aerich --app models_second heads")
+    assert "No available heads." in output
+    output = run_shell("aerich downgrade --fake -v 1 --yes", input="y\n")
+    assert "FAKED" in output
+    output = run_shell("aerich --app models_second downgrade --fake -v 1 --yes", input="y\n")
+    assert "FAKED" in output
+    output = run_shell("aerich heads")
+    assert "No available heads." not in output
+    assert re.search(r"1_\d+_update\.py", output)
+    assert re.search(r"2_\d+_update\.py", output)
+    output = run_shell("aerich --app models_second heads")
+    assert "No available heads." not in output
+    assert re.search(r"1_\d+_update\.py", output)
+    assert re.search(r"2_\d+_update\.py", output)

tests/test_inspectdb.py

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+from tests._utils import Dialect, run_shell
+
+
+def test_inspect(new_aerich_project):
+    if Dialect.is_sqlite():
+        # TODO: test sqlite after #384 fixed
+        return
+    run_shell("aerich init -t settings.TORTOISE_ORM")
+    run_shell("aerich init-db")
+    ret = run_shell("aerich inspectdb -t product")
+    assert ret.startswith("from tortoise import Model, fields")
+    assert "primary_key=True" in ret
+    assert "fields.DatetimeField" in ret
+    assert "fields.FloatField" in ret
+    assert "fields.UUIDField" in ret
+    if Dialect.is_mysql():
+        assert "db_index=True" in ret

tests/test_migrate.py

@@ -1,13 +1,34 @@
-import pytest
+from __future__ import annotations
-from pytest_mock import MockerFixture
 
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+import tortoise
+from pytest_mock import MockerFixture
+from tortoise.indexes import Index
+
+from aerich._compat import tortoise_version_less_than
 from aerich.ddl.mysql import MysqlDDL
 from aerich.ddl.postgres import PostgresDDL
 from aerich.ddl.sqlite import SqliteDDL
 from aerich.exceptions import NotSupportError
-from aerich.migrate import Migrate
+from aerich.migrate import MIGRATE_TEMPLATE, Migrate
 from aerich.utils import get_models_describe
+from tests.indexes import CustomIndex
 
+
+def describe_index(idx: Index) -> Index | dict:
+    # tortoise-orm>=0.24 changes Index desribe to be dict
+    if tortoise_version_less_than("0.24"):
+        return idx
+    if hasattr(idx, "describe"):
+        return idx.describe()
+    return idx
+
+
+# tortoise-orm>=0.21 changes IntField constraints
+# from {"ge": 1, "le": 2147483647} to {"ge": -2147483648, "le": 2147483647}
+MIN_INT = 1 if tortoise.__version__ < "0.21" else -2147483648
 old_models_describe = {
     "models.Category": {
         "name": "models.Category",
@@ -17,7 +38,7 @@ old_models_describe = {
         "description": None,
         "docstring": None,
         "unique_together": [],
-        "indexes": [],
+        "indexes": [describe_index(Index(fields=("slug",)))],
         "pk_field": {
             "name": "id",
             "field_type": "IntField",
@@ -30,7 +51,7 @@ old_models_describe = {
             "default": None,
             "description": None,
             "docstring": None,
-            "constraints": {"ge": 1, "le": 2147483647},
+            "constraints": {"ge": MIN_INT, "le": 2147483647},
             "db_field_types": {"": "INT"},
         },
         "data_fields": [
@@ -97,9 +118,24 @@ old_models_describe = {
                 "default": None,
                 "description": "User",
                 "docstring": None,
-                "constraints": {"ge": 1, "le": 2147483647},
+                "constraints": {"ge": MIN_INT, "le": 2147483647},
                 "db_field_types": {"": "INT"},
             },
+            {
+                "name": "title",
+                "field_type": "CharField",
+                "db_column": "title",
+                "python_type": "str",
+                "generated": False,
+                "nullable": False,
+                "unique": True,
+                "indexed": True,
+                "default": None,
+                "description": None,
+                "docstring": None,
+                "constraints": {"max_length": 20},
+                "db_field_types": {"": "VARCHAR(20)"},
+            },
         ],
         "fk_fields": [
             {
@@ -154,21 +190,36 @@ old_models_describe = {
         "unique_together": [],
         "indexes": [],
         "pk_field": {
-            "name": "id",
+            "name": "slug",
-            "field_type": "IntField",
+            "field_type": "CharField",
-            "db_column": "id",
+            "db_column": "slug",
-            "python_type": "int",
+            "python_type": "str",
-            "generated": True,
+            "generated": False,
             "nullable": False,
             "unique": True,
             "indexed": True,
             "default": None,
             "description": None,
             "docstring": None,
-            "constraints": {"ge": 1, "le": 2147483647},
+            "constraints": {"max_length": 10},
-            "db_field_types": {"": "INT"},
+            "db_field_types": {"": "VARCHAR(10)"},
         },
         "data_fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "name",
+                "field_type": "CharField",
+                "db_column": "name",
+                "python_type": "str",
+                "generated": False,
+                "nullable": False,
+                "unique": True,
+                "indexed": True,
+                "default": None,
+                "description": None,
+                "docstring": None,
+                "constraints": {"max_length": 100},
+                "db_field_types": {"": "VARCHAR(100)"},
+            },
             {
                 "name": "label",
                 "field_type": "CharField",
@@ -234,7 +285,48 @@ old_models_describe = {
         "backward_fk_fields": [],
         "o2o_fields": [],
         "backward_o2o_fields": [],
-        "m2m_fields": [],
+        "m2m_fields": [
+            {
+                "name": "category",
+                "field_type": "ManyToManyFieldInstance",
+                "python_type": "models.Category",
+                "generated": False,
+                "nullable": False,
+                "unique": False,
+                "indexed": False,
+                "default": None,
+                "description": None,
+                "docstring": None,
+                "constraints": {},
+                "model_name": "models.Category",
+                "related_name": "configs",
+                "forward_key": "category_id",
+                "backward_key": "config_id",
+                "through": "config_category",
+                "on_delete": "CASCADE",
+                "_generated": False,
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "categories",
+                "field_type": "ManyToManyFieldInstance",
+                "python_type": "models.Category",
+                "generated": False,
+                "nullable": False,
+                "unique": False,
+                "indexed": False,
+                "default": None,
+                "description": None,
+                "docstring": None,
+                "constraints": {},
+                "model_name": "models.Category",
+                "related_name": "config_set",
+                "forward_key": "category_id",
+                "backward_key": "config_id",
+                "through": "config_category_map",
+                "on_delete": "CASCADE",
+                "_generated": False,
+            },
+        ],
     },
     "models.Email": {
         "name": "models.Email",
@@ -257,7 +349,7 @@ old_models_describe = {
             "default": None,
             "description": None,
             "docstring": None,
-            "constraints": {"ge": 1, "le": 2147483647},
+            "constraints": {"ge": MIN_INT, "le": 2147483647},
             "db_field_types": {"": "INT"},
         },
         "data_fields": [
@@ -276,6 +368,21 @@ old_models_describe = {
                 "constraints": {"max_length": 200},
                 "db_field_types": {"": "VARCHAR(200)"},
             },
+            {
+                "name": "company",
+                "field_type": "CharField",
+                "db_column": "company",
+                "python_type": "str",
+                "generated": False,
+                "nullable": False,
+                "unique": False,
+                "indexed": True,
+                "default": None,
+                "description": None,
+                "docstring": None,
+                "constraints": {"max_length": 100},
+                "db_field_types": {"": "VARCHAR(100)"},
+            },
             {
                 "name": "is_primary",
                 "field_type": "BooleanField",
@@ -289,7 +396,12 @@ old_models_describe = {
                 "description": None,
                 "docstring": None,
                 "constraints": {},
-                "db_field_types": {"": "BOOL", "sqlite": "INT"},
+                "db_field_types": {
+                    "": "BOOL",
+                    "mssql": "BIT",
+                    "oracle": "NUMBER(1)",
+                    "sqlite": "INT",
+                },
             },
             {
                 "name": "user_id",
@@ -303,7 +415,7 @@ old_models_describe = {
                 "default": None,
                 "description": None,
                 "docstring": None,
-                "constraints": {"ge": 1, "le": 2147483647},
+                "constraints": {"ge": MIN_INT, "le": 2147483647},
                 "db_field_types": {"": "INT"},
             },
         ],
@@ -350,7 +462,7 @@ old_models_describe = {
             "default": None,
             "description": None,
             "docstring": None,
-            "constraints": {"ge": 1, "le": 2147483647},
+            "constraints": {"ge": MIN_INT, "le": 2147483647},
             "db_field_types": {"": "INT"},
         },
         "data_fields": [
@@ -369,6 +481,21 @@ old_models_describe = {
                 "constraints": {"max_length": 50},
                 "db_field_types": {"": "VARCHAR(50)"},
             },
+            {
+                "name": "uid",
+                "field_type": "IntField",
+                "db_column": "uuid",
+                "python_type": "int",
+                "generated": False,
+                "nullable": False,
+                "unique": True,
+                "indexed": True,
+                "default": None,
+                "description": None,
+                "docstring": None,
+                "constraints": {"ge": -2147483648, "le": 2147483647},
+                "db_field_types": {"": "INT"},
+            },
             {
                 "name": "view_num",
                 "field_type": "IntField",
@@ -400,9 +527,9 @@ old_models_describe = {
                 "db_field_types": {"": "INT"},
             },
             {
-                "name": "is_reviewed",
+                "name": "is_review",
                 "field_type": "BooleanField",
-                "db_column": "is_reviewed",
+                "db_column": "is_review",
                 "python_type": "bool",
                 "generated": False,
                 "nullable": False,
@@ -412,7 +539,12 @@ old_models_describe = {
                 "description": "Is Reviewed",
                 "docstring": None,
                 "constraints": {},
-                "db_field_types": {"": "BOOL", "sqlite": "INT"},
+                "db_field_types": {
+                    "": "BOOL",
+                    "mssql": "BIT",
+                    "oracle": "NUMBER(1)",
+                    "sqlite": "INT",
+                },
             },
             {
                 "name": "type",
@@ -480,6 +612,26 @@ old_models_describe = {
                 "auto_now_add": True,
                 "auto_now": False,
             },
+            {
+                "name": "is_delete",
+                "field_type": "BooleanField",
+                "db_column": "is_delete",
+                "python_type": "bool",
+                "generated": False,
+                "nullable": False,
+                "unique": False,
+                "indexed": False,
+                "default": False,
+                "description": None,
+                "docstring": None,
+                "constraints": {},
+                "db_field_types": {
+                    "": "BOOL",
+                    "mssql": "BIT",
+                    "oracle": "NUMBER(1)",
+                    "sqlite": "INT",
+                },
+            },
         ],
         "fk_fields": [],
         "backward_fk_fields": [],
@@ -516,7 +668,10 @@ old_models_describe = {
         "description": None,
         "docstring": None,
         "unique_together": [],
-        "indexes": [],
+        "indexes": [
+            describe_index(Index(fields=("username", "is_active"))),
+            describe_index(CustomIndex(fields=("is_superuser",))),
+        ],
         "pk_field": {
             "name": "id",
             "field_type": "IntField",
@@ -529,7 +684,7 @@ old_models_describe = {
             "default": None,
             "description": None,
             "docstring": None,
-            "constraints": {"ge": 1, "le": 2147483647},
+            "constraints": {"ge": MIN_INT, "le": 2147483647},
             "db_field_types": {"": "INT"},
         },
         "data_fields": [
@@ -597,7 +752,12 @@ old_models_describe = {
                 "description": "Is Active",
                 "docstring": None,
                 "constraints": {},
-                "db_field_types": {"": "BOOL", "sqlite": "INT"},
+                "db_field_types": {
+                    "": "BOOL",
+                    "mssql": "BIT",
+                    "oracle": "NUMBER(1)",
+                    "sqlite": "INT",
+                },
             },
             {
                 "name": "is_superuser",
@@ -612,7 +772,12 @@ old_models_describe = {
                 "description": "Is SuperUser",
                 "docstring": None,
                 "constraints": {},
-                "db_field_types": {"": "BOOL", "sqlite": "INT"},
+                "db_field_types": {
+                    "": "BOOL",
+                    "mssql": "BIT",
+                    "oracle": "NUMBER(1)",
+                    "sqlite": "INT",
+                },
             },
             {
                 "name": "avatar",
@@ -714,7 +879,7 @@ old_models_describe = {
             "default": None,
             "description": None,
             "docstring": None,
-            "constraints": {"ge": 1, "le": 2147483647},
+            "constraints": {"ge": MIN_INT, "le": 2147483647},
             "db_field_types": {"": "INT"},
         },
         "data_fields": [
@@ -777,26 +942,40 @@ def test_migrate(mocker: MockerFixture):
     """
     models.py diff with old_models.py
     - change email pk: id -> email_id
+    - change product pk field type: IntField -> BigIntField
+    - change config pk field attribute: max_length=10 -> max_length=20
     - add field: Email.address
-    - add fk: Config.user
+    - add fk field: Config.user
-    - drop fk: Email.user
+    - drop fk field: Email.user
     - drop field: User.avatar
     - add index: Email.email
+    - add unique to indexed field: Email.company
+    - change index type for indexed field: Email.slug
     - add many to many: Email.users
-    - remove unique: User.username
+    - add one to one: Email.config
+    - remove unique: Category.title
+    - add unique: User.username
     - change column: length User.password
     - add unique_together: (name,type) of Product
+    - add one more many to many field: Product.users
+    - drop unique field: Config.name
     - alter default: Config.status
     - rename column: Product.image -> Product.pic
+    - rename column: Product.is_review -> Product.is_reviewed
+    - rename column: Product.is_delete -> Product.is_deleted
+    - rename fk column: Category.user -> Category.owner
     """
-    mocker.patch("click.prompt", side_effect=(True,))
+    mocker.patch("asyncclick.prompt", side_effect=(True, True, True, True))
 
     models_describe = get_models_describe("models")
     Migrate.app = "models"
     if isinstance(Migrate.ddl, SqliteDDL):
         with pytest.raises(NotSupportError):
             Migrate.diff_models(old_models_describe, models_describe)
+        Migrate.upgrade_operators.clear()
+        with pytest.raises(NotSupportError):
             Migrate.diff_models(models_describe, old_models_describe, False)
+        Migrate.downgrade_operators.clear()
     else:
         Migrate.diff_models(old_models_describe, models_describe)
         Migrate.diff_models(models_describe, old_models_describe, False)
@@ -805,142 +984,205 @@ def test_migrate(mocker: MockerFixture):
         expected_upgrade_operators = {
             "ALTER TABLE `category` MODIFY COLUMN `name` VARCHAR(200)",
             "ALTER TABLE `category` MODIFY COLUMN `slug` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL",
+            "ALTER TABLE `category` DROP INDEX `title`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `category` RENAME COLUMN `user_id` TO `owner_id`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `category` ADD CONSTRAINT `fk_category_user_110d4c63` FOREIGN KEY (`owner_id`) REFERENCES `user` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE",
+            "ALTER TABLE `category` ADD FULLTEXT INDEX `idx_category_slug_e9bcff` (`slug`)",
+            "ALTER TABLE `category` DROP INDEX `idx_category_slug_e9bcff`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `email` DROP COLUMN `user_id`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `config` DROP COLUMN `name`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `config` DROP INDEX `name`",
             "ALTER TABLE `config` ADD `user_id` INT NOT NULL COMMENT 'User'",
             "ALTER TABLE `config` ADD CONSTRAINT `fk_config_user_17daa970` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `user` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE",
             "ALTER TABLE `config` ALTER COLUMN `status` DROP DEFAULT",
-            "ALTER TABLE `config` MODIFY COLUMN `value` JSON NOT NULL",
             "ALTER TABLE `email` ADD `address` VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL",
-            "ALTER TABLE `email` DROP COLUMN `user_id`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `email` ADD CONSTRAINT `fk_email_config_88e28c1b` FOREIGN KEY (`config_id`) REFERENCES `config` (`slug`) ON DELETE CASCADE",
+            "ALTER TABLE `email` ADD `config_id` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL UNIQUE",
+            "ALTER TABLE `email` DROP INDEX `idx_email_company_1c9234`, ADD UNIQUE (`company`)",
             "ALTER TABLE `configs` RENAME TO `config`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `product` DROP COLUMN `uuid`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `product` DROP INDEX `uuid`",
             "ALTER TABLE `product` RENAME COLUMN `image` TO `pic`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `product` ADD `price` DOUBLE",
+            "ALTER TABLE `product` ADD `no` CHAR(36) NOT NULL",
             "ALTER TABLE `email` RENAME COLUMN `id` TO `email_id`",
             "ALTER TABLE `product` ADD INDEX `idx_product_name_869427` (`name`, `type_db_alias`)",
+            "ALTER TABLE `product` ADD INDEX `idx_product_no_e4d701` (`no`)",
             "ALTER TABLE `email` ADD INDEX `idx_email_email_4a1a33` (`email`)",
             "ALTER TABLE `product` ADD UNIQUE INDEX `uid_product_name_869427` (`name`, `type_db_alias`)",
             "ALTER TABLE `product` ALTER COLUMN `view_num` SET DEFAULT 0",
-            "ALTER TABLE `product` MODIFY COLUMN `created_at` DATETIME(6) NOT NULL  DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6)",
+            "ALTER TABLE `product` RENAME COLUMN `is_delete` TO `is_deleted`",
-            "ALTER TABLE `product` MODIFY COLUMN `is_reviewed` BOOL NOT NULL  COMMENT 'Is Reviewed'",
+            "ALTER TABLE `product` RENAME COLUMN `is_review` TO `is_reviewed`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `product` MODIFY COLUMN `id` BIGINT NOT NULL",
             "ALTER TABLE `user` DROP COLUMN `avatar`",
             "ALTER TABLE `user` MODIFY COLUMN `password` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL",
-            "ALTER TABLE `user` MODIFY COLUMN `intro` LONGTEXT NOT NULL",
-            "ALTER TABLE `user` MODIFY COLUMN `last_login` DATETIME(6) NOT NULL  COMMENT 'Last Login'",
-            "ALTER TABLE `user` MODIFY COLUMN `is_active` BOOL NOT NULL  COMMENT 'Is Active' DEFAULT 1",
-            "ALTER TABLE `user` MODIFY COLUMN `is_superuser` BOOL NOT NULL  COMMENT 'Is SuperUser' DEFAULT 0",
             "ALTER TABLE `user` MODIFY COLUMN `longitude` DECIMAL(10,8) NOT NULL",
-            "ALTER TABLE `user` ADD UNIQUE INDEX `uid_user_usernam_9987ab` (`username`)",
+            "ALTER TABLE `user` ADD UNIQUE INDEX `username` (`username`)",
             "CREATE TABLE `email_user` (\n    `email_id` INT NOT NULL REFERENCES `email` (`email_id`) ON DELETE CASCADE,\n    `user_id` INT NOT NULL REFERENCES `user` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE\n) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4",
             "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `newmodel` (\n    `id` INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,\n    `name` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL\n) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4",
-            "ALTER TABLE `category` MODIFY COLUMN `created_at` DATETIME(6) NOT NULL  DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6)",
+            "CREATE TABLE `product_user` (\n    `product_id` BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES `product` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE,\n    `user_id` INT NOT NULL REFERENCES `user` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE\n) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4",
-            "ALTER TABLE `product` MODIFY COLUMN `body` LONGTEXT NOT NULL",
+            "CREATE TABLE `config_category_map` (\n    `category_id` INT NOT NULL REFERENCES `category` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE,\n    `config_id` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL REFERENCES `config` (`slug`) ON DELETE CASCADE\n) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4",
-            "ALTER TABLE `email` MODIFY COLUMN `is_primary` BOOL NOT NULL  DEFAULT 0",
+            "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `config_category`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `config` MODIFY COLUMN `slug` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL",
         }
+        upgrade_operators = set(Migrate.upgrade_operators)
+        upgrade_more_than_expected = upgrade_operators - expected_upgrade_operators
+        assert not upgrade_more_than_expected
+        upgrade_less_than_expected = expected_upgrade_operators - upgrade_operators
+        assert not upgrade_less_than_expected
+
         expected_downgrade_operators = {
             "ALTER TABLE `category` MODIFY COLUMN `name` VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL",
             "ALTER TABLE `category` MODIFY COLUMN `slug` VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL",
-            "ALTER TABLE `config` DROP COLUMN `user_id`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `category` ADD UNIQUE INDEX `title` (`title`)",
+            "ALTER TABLE `category` RENAME COLUMN `owner_id` TO `user_id`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `category` DROP FOREIGN KEY `fk_category_user_110d4c63`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `category` ADD INDEX `idx_category_slug_e9bcff` (`slug`)",
+            "ALTER TABLE `category` DROP INDEX `idx_category_slug_e9bcff`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `config` ADD `name` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL UNIQUE",
+            "ALTER TABLE `config` ADD UNIQUE INDEX `name` (`name`)",
             "ALTER TABLE `config` DROP FOREIGN KEY `fk_config_user_17daa970`",
             "ALTER TABLE `config` ALTER COLUMN `status` SET DEFAULT 1",
+            "ALTER TABLE `config` DROP COLUMN `user_id`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `config` MODIFY COLUMN `slug` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL",
+            "ALTER TABLE `config` RENAME TO `configs`",
             "ALTER TABLE `email` ADD `user_id` INT NOT NULL",
             "ALTER TABLE `email` DROP COLUMN `address`",
-            "ALTER TABLE `config` RENAME TO `configs`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `email` DROP COLUMN `config_id`",
-            "ALTER TABLE `product` RENAME COLUMN `pic` TO `image`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `email` DROP FOREIGN KEY `fk_email_config_88e28c1b`",
             "ALTER TABLE `email` RENAME COLUMN `email_id` TO `id`",
-            "ALTER TABLE `product` DROP INDEX `idx_product_name_869427`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `email` DROP INDEX `company`, ADD INDEX (`idx_email_company_1c9234`)",
             "ALTER TABLE `email` DROP INDEX `idx_email_email_4a1a33`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `product` RENAME COLUMN `pic` TO `image`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `product` ADD `uuid` INT NOT NULL UNIQUE",
+            "ALTER TABLE `product` ADD UNIQUE INDEX `uuid` (`uuid`)",
+            "ALTER TABLE `product` DROP INDEX `idx_product_name_869427`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `product` DROP COLUMN `price`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `product` DROP COLUMN `no`",
             "ALTER TABLE `product` DROP INDEX `uid_product_name_869427`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `product` DROP INDEX `idx_product_no_e4d701`",
             "ALTER TABLE `product` ALTER COLUMN `view_num` DROP DEFAULT",
+            "ALTER TABLE `product` RENAME COLUMN `is_deleted` TO `is_delete`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `product` RENAME COLUMN `is_reviewed` TO `is_review`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `product` MODIFY COLUMN `id` INT NOT NULL",
             "ALTER TABLE `user` ADD `avatar` VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL DEFAULT ''",
-            "ALTER TABLE `user` DROP INDEX `idx_user_usernam_9987ab`",
+            "ALTER TABLE `user` DROP INDEX `username`",
             "ALTER TABLE `user` MODIFY COLUMN `password` VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL",
             "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `email_user`",
             "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `newmodel`",
-            "ALTER TABLE `user` MODIFY COLUMN `intro` LONGTEXT NOT NULL",
+            "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `product_user`",
-            "ALTER TABLE `config` MODIFY COLUMN `value` TEXT NOT NULL",
-            "ALTER TABLE `category` MODIFY COLUMN `created_at` DATETIME(6) NOT NULL  DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6)",
-            "ALTER TABLE `product` MODIFY COLUMN `created_at` DATETIME(6) NOT NULL  DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(6)",
-            "ALTER TABLE `product` MODIFY COLUMN `is_reviewed` BOOL NOT NULL  COMMENT 'Is Reviewed'",
-            "ALTER TABLE `user` MODIFY COLUMN `last_login` DATETIME(6) NOT NULL  COMMENT 'Last Login'",
-            "ALTER TABLE `user` MODIFY COLUMN `is_active` BOOL NOT NULL  COMMENT 'Is Active' DEFAULT 1",
-            "ALTER TABLE `user` MODIFY COLUMN `is_superuser` BOOL NOT NULL  COMMENT 'Is SuperUser' DEFAULT 0",
             "ALTER TABLE `user` MODIFY COLUMN `longitude` DECIMAL(12,9) NOT NULL",
-            "ALTER TABLE `product` MODIFY COLUMN `body` LONGTEXT NOT NULL",
+            "CREATE TABLE `config_category` (\n    `config_id` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL REFERENCES `config` (`slug`) ON DELETE CASCADE,\n    `category_id` INT NOT NULL REFERENCES `category` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE\n) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4",
-            "ALTER TABLE `email` MODIFY COLUMN `is_primary` BOOL NOT NULL  DEFAULT 0",
+            "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `config_category_map`",
         }
-        assert not set(Migrate.upgrade_operators).symmetric_difference(expected_upgrade_operators)
+        downgrade_operators = set(Migrate.downgrade_operators)
-
+        downgrade_more_than_expected = downgrade_operators - expected_downgrade_operators
-        assert not set(Migrate.downgrade_operators).symmetric_difference(
+        assert not downgrade_more_than_expected
-            expected_downgrade_operators
+        downgrade_less_than_expected = expected_downgrade_operators - downgrade_operators
-        )
+        assert not downgrade_less_than_expected
 
     elif isinstance(Migrate.ddl, PostgresDDL):
         expected_upgrade_operators = {
+            'DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "uid_category_title_f7fc03"',
             'ALTER TABLE "category" ALTER COLUMN "name" DROP NOT NULL',
             'ALTER TABLE "category" ALTER COLUMN "slug" TYPE VARCHAR(100) USING "slug"::VARCHAR(100)',
-            'ALTER TABLE "category" ALTER COLUMN "created_at" TYPE TIMESTAMPTZ USING "created_at"::TIMESTAMPTZ',
+            'ALTER TABLE "category" RENAME COLUMN "user_id" TO "owner_id"',
+            'ALTER TABLE "category" ADD CONSTRAINT "fk_category_user_110d4c63" FOREIGN KEY ("owner_id") REFERENCES "user" ("id") ON DELETE CASCADE',
+            'CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "idx_category_slug_e9bcff" ON "category" USING HASH ("slug")',
+            'DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "idx_category_slug_e9bcff"',
+            'ALTER TABLE "configs" RENAME TO "config"',
+            'ALTER TABLE "config" DROP COLUMN "name"',
+            'DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "uid_config_name_2c83c8"',
             'ALTER TABLE "config" ADD "user_id" INT NOT NULL',
             'ALTER TABLE "config" ADD CONSTRAINT "fk_config_user_17daa970" FOREIGN KEY ("user_id") REFERENCES "user" ("id") ON DELETE CASCADE',
             'ALTER TABLE "config" ALTER COLUMN "status" DROP DEFAULT',
-            'ALTER TABLE "config" ALTER COLUMN "value" TYPE JSONB USING "value"::JSONB',
+            'ALTER TABLE "config" ALTER COLUMN "slug" TYPE VARCHAR(20) USING "slug"::VARCHAR(20)',
-            'ALTER TABLE "configs" RENAME TO "config"',
+            'ALTER TABLE "email" ADD "config_id" VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL UNIQUE',
             'ALTER TABLE "email" ADD "address" VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL',
-            'ALTER TABLE "email" DROP COLUMN "user_id"',
             'ALTER TABLE "email" RENAME COLUMN "id" TO "email_id"',
-            'ALTER TABLE "email" ALTER COLUMN "is_primary" TYPE BOOL USING "is_primary"::BOOL',
+            'ALTER TABLE "email" DROP COLUMN "user_id"',
+            'ALTER TABLE "email" ADD CONSTRAINT "fk_email_config_88e28c1b" FOREIGN KEY ("config_id") REFERENCES "config" ("slug") ON DELETE CASCADE',
+            'DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "idx_email_company_1c9234"',
+            'CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "uid_email_company_1c9234" ON "email" ("company")',
+            'DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "uid_product_uuid_d33c18"',
+            'ALTER TABLE "product" DROP COLUMN "uuid"',
             'ALTER TABLE "product" ALTER COLUMN "view_num" SET DEFAULT 0',
             'ALTER TABLE "product" RENAME COLUMN "image" TO "pic"',
-            'ALTER TABLE "product" ALTER COLUMN "is_reviewed" TYPE BOOL USING "is_reviewed"::BOOL',
+            'ALTER TABLE "product" RENAME COLUMN "is_review" TO "is_reviewed"',
-            'ALTER TABLE "product" ALTER COLUMN "body" TYPE TEXT USING "body"::TEXT',
+            'ALTER TABLE "product" RENAME COLUMN "is_delete" TO "is_deleted"',
-            'ALTER TABLE "product" ALTER COLUMN "created_at" TYPE TIMESTAMPTZ USING "created_at"::TIMESTAMPTZ',
+            'ALTER TABLE "product" ADD "price" DOUBLE PRECISION',
+            'ALTER TABLE "product" ADD "no" UUID NOT NULL',
+            'ALTER TABLE "product" ALTER COLUMN "id" TYPE BIGINT USING "id"::BIGINT',
             'ALTER TABLE "user" ALTER COLUMN "password" TYPE VARCHAR(100) USING "password"::VARCHAR(100)',
             'ALTER TABLE "user" DROP COLUMN "avatar"',
-            'ALTER TABLE "user" ALTER COLUMN "is_superuser" TYPE BOOL USING "is_superuser"::BOOL',
-            'ALTER TABLE "user" ALTER COLUMN "last_login" TYPE TIMESTAMPTZ USING "last_login"::TIMESTAMPTZ',
-            'ALTER TABLE "user" ALTER COLUMN "intro" TYPE TEXT USING "intro"::TEXT',
-            'ALTER TABLE "user" ALTER COLUMN "is_active" TYPE BOOL USING "is_active"::BOOL',
             'ALTER TABLE "user" ALTER COLUMN "longitude" TYPE DECIMAL(10,8) USING "longitude"::DECIMAL(10,8)',
-            'CREATE INDEX "idx_product_name_869427" ON "product" ("name", "type_db_alias")',
+            'CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "idx_product_name_869427" ON "product" ("name", "type_db_alias")',
-            'CREATE INDEX "idx_email_email_4a1a33" ON "email" ("email")',
+            'CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "idx_email_email_4a1a33" ON "email" ("email")',
+            'CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "idx_product_no_e4d701" ON "product" ("no")',
             'CREATE TABLE "email_user" (\n    "email_id" INT NOT NULL REFERENCES "email" ("email_id") ON DELETE CASCADE,\n    "user_id" INT NOT NULL REFERENCES "user" ("id") ON DELETE CASCADE\n)',
             'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "newmodel" (\n    "id" SERIAL NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,\n    "name" VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL\n);\nCOMMENT ON COLUMN "config"."user_id" IS \'User\'',
-            'CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "uid_product_name_869427" ON "product" ("name", "type_db_alias")',
+            'CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "uid_product_name_869427" ON "product" ("name", "type_db_alias")',
-            'CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "uid_user_usernam_9987ab" ON "user" ("username")',
+            'CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "uid_user_usernam_9987ab" ON "user" ("username")',
+            'CREATE TABLE "product_user" (\n    "product_id" BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES "product" ("id") ON DELETE CASCADE,\n    "user_id" INT NOT NULL REFERENCES "user" ("id") ON DELETE CASCADE\n)',
+            'CREATE TABLE "config_category_map" (\n    "category_id" INT NOT NULL REFERENCES "category" ("id") ON DELETE CASCADE,\n    "config_id" VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL REFERENCES "config" ("slug") ON DELETE CASCADE\n)',
+            'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "config_category"',
         }
+        upgrade_operators = set(Migrate.upgrade_operators)
+        upgrade_more_than_expected = upgrade_operators - expected_upgrade_operators
+        assert not upgrade_more_than_expected
+        upgrade_less_than_expected = expected_upgrade_operators - upgrade_operators
+        assert not upgrade_less_than_expected
+
         expected_downgrade_operators = {
+            'CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "uid_category_title_f7fc03" ON "category" ("title")',
             'ALTER TABLE "category" ALTER COLUMN "name" SET NOT NULL',
             'ALTER TABLE "category" ALTER COLUMN "slug" TYPE VARCHAR(200) USING "slug"::VARCHAR(200)',
-            'ALTER TABLE "category" ALTER COLUMN "created_at" TYPE TIMESTAMPTZ USING "created_at"::TIMESTAMPTZ',
+            'ALTER TABLE "category" RENAME COLUMN "owner_id" TO "user_id"',
+            'ALTER TABLE "category" DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS "fk_category_user_110d4c63"',
+            'DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "idx_category_slug_e9bcff"',
+            'CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "idx_category_slug_e9bcff" ON "category" ("slug")',
+            'ALTER TABLE "config" ADD "name" VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL UNIQUE',
+            'CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "uid_config_name_2c83c8" ON "config" ("name")',
             'ALTER TABLE "config" ALTER COLUMN "status" SET DEFAULT 1',
-            'ALTER TABLE "config" DROP COLUMN "user_id"',
+            'ALTER TABLE "config" DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS "fk_config_user_17daa970"',
-            'ALTER TABLE "config" DROP CONSTRAINT "fk_config_user_17daa970"',
             'ALTER TABLE "config" RENAME TO "configs"',
-            'ALTER TABLE "config" ALTER COLUMN "value" TYPE JSONB USING "value"::JSONB',
+            'ALTER TABLE "config" DROP COLUMN "user_id"',
+            'ALTER TABLE "config" ALTER COLUMN "slug" TYPE VARCHAR(10) USING "slug"::VARCHAR(10)',
             'ALTER TABLE "email" ADD "user_id" INT NOT NULL',
             'ALTER TABLE "email" DROP COLUMN "address"',
             'ALTER TABLE "email" RENAME COLUMN "email_id" TO "id"',
-            'ALTER TABLE "email" ALTER COLUMN "is_primary" TYPE BOOL USING "is_primary"::BOOL',
+            'ALTER TABLE "email" DROP COLUMN "config_id"',
+            'ALTER TABLE "email" DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS "fk_email_config_88e28c1b"',
+            'CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "idx_email_company_1c9234" ON "email" ("company")',
+            'DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "uid_email_company_1c9234"',
+            'ALTER TABLE "product" ADD "uuid" INT NOT NULL UNIQUE',
+            'CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "uid_product_uuid_d33c18" ON "product" ("uuid")',
             'ALTER TABLE "product" ALTER COLUMN "view_num" DROP DEFAULT',
             'ALTER TABLE "product" RENAME COLUMN "pic" TO "image"',
+            'ALTER TABLE "product" RENAME COLUMN "is_deleted" TO "is_delete"',
+            'ALTER TABLE "product" RENAME COLUMN "is_reviewed" TO "is_review"',
+            'ALTER TABLE "product" DROP COLUMN "price"',
+            'ALTER TABLE "product" DROP COLUMN "no"',
+            'ALTER TABLE "product" ALTER COLUMN "id" TYPE INT USING "id"::INT',
             'ALTER TABLE "user" ADD "avatar" VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL DEFAULT \'\'',
             'ALTER TABLE "user" ALTER COLUMN "password" TYPE VARCHAR(200) USING "password"::VARCHAR(200)',
-            'ALTER TABLE "user" ALTER COLUMN "last_login" TYPE TIMESTAMPTZ USING "last_login"::TIMESTAMPTZ',
-            'ALTER TABLE "user" ALTER COLUMN "is_superuser" TYPE BOOL USING "is_superuser"::BOOL',
-            'ALTER TABLE "user" ALTER COLUMN "is_active" TYPE BOOL USING "is_active"::BOOL',
-            'ALTER TABLE "user" ALTER COLUMN "intro" TYPE TEXT USING "intro"::TEXT',
             'ALTER TABLE "user" ALTER COLUMN "longitude" TYPE DECIMAL(12,9) USING "longitude"::DECIMAL(12,9)',
-            'ALTER TABLE "product" ALTER COLUMN "created_at" TYPE TIMESTAMPTZ USING "created_at"::TIMESTAMPTZ',
+            'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "product_user"',
-            'ALTER TABLE "product" ALTER COLUMN "is_reviewed" TYPE BOOL USING "is_reviewed"::BOOL',
+            'DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "idx_product_name_869427"',
-            'ALTER TABLE "product" ALTER COLUMN "body" TYPE TEXT USING "body"::TEXT',
+            'DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "idx_email_email_4a1a33"',
-            'DROP INDEX "idx_product_name_869427"',
+            'DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "uid_user_usernam_9987ab"',
-            'DROP INDEX "idx_email_email_4a1a33"',
+            'DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "uid_product_name_869427"',
-            'DROP INDEX "idx_user_usernam_9987ab"',
+            'DROP INDEX IF EXISTS "idx_product_no_e4d701"',
-            'DROP INDEX "uid_product_name_869427"',
             'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "email_user"',
             'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "newmodel"',
+            'CREATE TABLE "config_category" (\n    "config_id" VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL REFERENCES "config" ("slug") ON DELETE CASCADE,\n    "category_id" INT NOT NULL REFERENCES "category" ("id") ON DELETE CASCADE\n)',
+            'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "config_category_map"',
         }
-        assert not set(Migrate.upgrade_operators).symmetric_difference(expected_upgrade_operators)
+        downgrade_operators = set(Migrate.downgrade_operators)
-        assert not set(Migrate.downgrade_operators).symmetric_difference(
+        downgrade_more_than_expected = downgrade_operators - expected_downgrade_operators
-            expected_downgrade_operators
+        assert not downgrade_more_than_expected
-        )
+        downgrade_less_than_expected = expected_downgrade_operators - downgrade_operators
+        assert not downgrade_less_than_expected
 
     elif isinstance(Migrate.ddl, SqliteDDL):
         assert Migrate.upgrade_operators == []
@@ -958,7 +1200,7 @@ def test_sort_all_version_files(mocker):
         ],
     )
 
-    Migrate.migrate_location = "."
+    Migrate.migrate_location = Path(".")
 
     assert Migrate.get_all_version_files() == [
         "1_datetime_update.py",
@@ -966,3 +1208,39 @@ def test_sort_all_version_files(mocker):
         "10_datetime_update.py",
         "11_datetime_update.py",
     ]
+
+
+def test_sort_files_containing_non_migrations(mocker):
+    mocker.patch(
+        "os.listdir",
+        return_value=[
+            "1_datetime_update.py",
+            "11_datetime_update.py",
+            "10_datetime_update.py",
+            "2_datetime_update.py",
+            "not_a_migration.py",
+            "999.py",
+            "123foo_not_a_migration.py",
+        ],
+    )
+
+    Migrate.migrate_location = Path(".")
+
+    assert Migrate.get_all_version_files() == [
+        "1_datetime_update.py",
+        "2_datetime_update.py",
+        "10_datetime_update.py",
+        "11_datetime_update.py",
+    ]
+
+
+async def test_empty_migration(mocker, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    mocker.patch("os.listdir", return_value=[])
+    Migrate.app = "foo"
+    expected_content = MIGRATE_TEMPLATE.format(upgrade_sql="", downgrade_sql="")
+    Migrate.migrate_location = tmp_path
+
+    migration_file = await Migrate.migrate("update", True)
+
+    f = tmp_path / migration_file
+    assert f.read_text() == expected_content

tests/test_python_m.py

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import subprocess  # nosec
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from aerich.version import __version__
+from tests._utils import chdir, run_shell
+
+
+def test_python_m_aerich():
+    assert __version__ in run_shell("python -m aerich --version")
+
+
+def test_poetry_add(tmp_path: Path):
+    package = Path(__file__).parent.resolve().parent
+    with chdir(tmp_path):
+        subprocess.run(["poetry", "new", "foo"])  # nosec
+        with chdir("foo"):
+            r = subprocess.run(["poetry", "add", package])  # nosec
+            assert r.returncode == 0

tests/test_sqlite_migrate.py

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import os
+import platform
+import shlex
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from tests._utils import Dialect, chdir, copy_files
+
+
+def run_aerich(cmd: str) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess | None:
+    if not cmd.startswith("poetry") and not cmd.startswith("python"):
+        if not cmd.startswith("aerich"):
+            cmd = "aerich " + cmd
+        if platform.system() == "Windows":
+            cmd = "python -m " + cmd
+    r = None
+    with contextlib.suppress(subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
+        r = subprocess.run(shlex.split(cmd), timeout=2)
+    return r
+
+
+def run_shell(cmd: str) -> subprocess.CompletedProcess:
+    envs = dict(os.environ, PYTHONPATH=".")
+    return subprocess.run(shlex.split(cmd), env=envs)
+
+
+def _get_empty_db() -> Path:
+    if (db_file := Path("db.sqlite3")).exists():
+        db_file.unlink()
+    return db_file
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def prepare_sqlite_project(tmp_path: Path) -> Generator[tuple[Path, str]]:
+    test_dir = Path(__file__).parent
+    asset_dir = test_dir / "assets" / "sqlite_migrate"
+    with chdir(tmp_path):
+        files = ("models.py", "settings.py", "_tests.py")
+        copy_files(*(asset_dir / f for f in files), target_dir=Path())
+        models_py, settings_py, test_py = (Path(f) for f in files)
+        copy_files(asset_dir / "conftest_.py", target_dir=Path("conftest.py"))
+        _get_empty_db()
+        yield models_py, models_py.read_text("utf-8")
+
+
+def test_close_tortoise_connections_patch(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    if not Dialect.is_sqlite():
+        return
+    with prepare_sqlite_project(tmp_path) as (models_py, models_text):
+        run_aerich("aerich init -t settings.TORTOISE_ORM")
+        r = run_aerich("aerich init-db")
+        assert r is not None
+
+
+def test_sqlite_migrate_alter_indexed_unique(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    if not Dialect.is_sqlite():
+        return
+    with prepare_sqlite_project(tmp_path) as (models_py, models_text):
+        models_py.write_text(models_text.replace("db_index=False", "db_index=True"))
+        run_aerich("aerich init -t settings.TORTOISE_ORM")
+        run_aerich("aerich init-db")
+        r = run_shell("pytest -s _tests.py::test_allow_duplicate")
+        assert r.returncode == 0
+        models_py.write_text(models_text.replace("db_index=False", "unique=True"))
+        run_aerich("aerich migrate")  # migrations/models/1_
+        run_aerich("aerich upgrade")
+        r = run_shell("pytest _tests.py::test_unique_is_true")
+        assert r.returncode == 0
+        models_py.write_text(models_text.replace("db_index=False", "db_index=True"))
+        run_aerich("aerich migrate")  # migrations/models/2_
+        run_aerich("aerich upgrade")
+        r = run_shell("pytest -s _tests.py::test_allow_duplicate")
+        assert r.returncode == 0
+
+
+M2M_WITH_CUSTOM_THROUGH = """
+    groups = fields.ManyToManyField("models.Group", through="foo_group")
+
+class Group(Model):
+    name = fields.CharField(max_length=60)
+
+class FooGroup(Model):
+    foo = fields.ForeignKeyField("models.Foo")
+    group = fields.ForeignKeyField("models.Group")
+    is_active = fields.BooleanField(default=False)
+
+    class Meta:
+        table = "foo_group"
+"""
+
+
+def test_sqlite_migrate(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    if not Dialect.is_sqlite():
+        return
+    with prepare_sqlite_project(tmp_path) as (models_py, models_text):
+        MODELS = models_text
+        run_aerich("aerich init -t settings.TORTOISE_ORM")
+        config_file = Path("pyproject.toml")
+        modify_time = config_file.stat().st_mtime
+        run_aerich("aerich init-db")
+        run_aerich("aerich init -t settings.TORTOISE_ORM")
+        assert modify_time == config_file.stat().st_mtime
+        r = run_shell("pytest _tests.py::test_allow_duplicate")
+        assert r.returncode == 0
+        # Add index
+        models_py.write_text(MODELS.replace("index=False", "index=True"))
+        run_aerich("aerich migrate")  # migrations/models/1_
+        run_aerich("aerich upgrade")
+        r = run_shell("pytest -s _tests.py::test_allow_duplicate")
+        assert r.returncode == 0
+        # Drop index
+        models_py.write_text(MODELS)
+        run_aerich("aerich migrate")  # migrations/models/2_
+        run_aerich("aerich upgrade")
+        r = run_shell("pytest -s _tests.py::test_allow_duplicate")
+        assert r.returncode == 0
+        # Add unique index
+        models_py.write_text(MODELS.replace("index=False", "index=True, unique=True"))
+        run_aerich("aerich migrate")  # migrations/models/3_
+        run_aerich("aerich upgrade")
+        r = run_shell("pytest _tests.py::test_unique_is_true")
+        assert r.returncode == 0
+        # Drop unique index
+        models_py.write_text(MODELS)
+        run_aerich("aerich migrate")  # migrations/models/4_
+        run_aerich("aerich upgrade")
+        r = run_shell("pytest _tests.py::test_allow_duplicate")
+        assert r.returncode == 0
+        # Add field with unique=True
+        with models_py.open("a") as f:
+            f.write("    age = fields.IntField(unique=True, default=0)")
+        run_aerich("aerich migrate")  # migrations/models/5_
+        run_aerich("aerich upgrade")
+        r = run_shell("pytest _tests.py::test_add_unique_field")
+        assert r.returncode == 0
+        # Drop unique field
+        models_py.write_text(MODELS)
+        run_aerich("aerich migrate")  # migrations/models/6_
+        run_aerich("aerich upgrade")
+        r = run_shell("pytest -s _tests.py::test_drop_unique_field")
+        assert r.returncode == 0
+
+        # Initial with indexed field and then drop it
+        migrations_dir = Path("migrations/models")
+        shutil.rmtree(migrations_dir)
+        db_file = _get_empty_db()
+        models_py.write_text(MODELS + "    age = fields.IntField(db_index=True)")
+        run_aerich("aerich init -t settings.TORTOISE_ORM")
+        run_aerich("aerich init-db")
+        migration_file = list(migrations_dir.glob("0_*.py"))[0]
+        assert "CREATE INDEX" in migration_file.read_text()
+        r = run_shell("pytest _tests.py::test_with_age_field")
+        assert r.returncode == 0
+        models_py.write_text(MODELS)
+        run_aerich("aerich migrate")
+        run_aerich("aerich upgrade")
+        migration_file_1 = list(migrations_dir.glob("1_*.py"))[0]
+        assert "DROP INDEX" in migration_file_1.read_text()
+        r = run_shell("pytest _tests.py::test_without_age_field")
+        assert r.returncode == 0
+
+        # Generate migration file in emptry directory
+        db_file.unlink()
+        run_aerich("aerich init-db")
+        assert not db_file.exists()
+        for p in migrations_dir.glob("*"):
+            if p.is_dir():
+                shutil.rmtree(p)
+            else:
+                p.unlink()
+        run_aerich("aerich init-db")
+        assert db_file.exists()
+
+        # init without '[tool]' section in pyproject.toml
+        config_file = Path("pyproject.toml")
+        config_file.write_text('[project]\nname = "project"')
+        run_aerich("init -t settings.TORTOISE_ORM")
+        assert "[tool.aerich]" in config_file.read_text()
+
+        # add m2m with custom model for through
+        models_py.write_text(MODELS + M2M_WITH_CUSTOM_THROUGH)
+        run_aerich("aerich migrate")
+        run_aerich("aerich upgrade")
+        migration_file_1 = list(migrations_dir.glob("1_*.py"))[0]
+        assert "foo_group" in migration_file_1.read_text()
+        r = run_shell("pytest _tests.py::test_m2m_with_custom_through")
+        assert r.returncode == 0
+
+        # add m2m field after init-db
+        new = """
+    groups = fields.ManyToManyField("models.Group", through="foo_group", related_name="users")
+
+class Group(Model):
+    name = fields.CharField(max_length=60)
+        """
+        _get_empty_db()
+        if migrations_dir.exists():
+            shutil.rmtree(migrations_dir)
+        models_py.write_text(MODELS)
+        run_aerich("aerich init-db")
+        models_py.write_text(MODELS + new)
+        run_aerich("aerich migrate")
+        run_aerich("aerich upgrade")
+        migration_file_1 = list(migrations_dir.glob("1_*.py"))[0]
+        assert "foo_group" in migration_file_1.read_text()
+        r = run_shell("pytest _tests.py::test_add_m2m_field_after_init_db")
+        assert r.returncode == 0

tests/test_utils.py

@@ -1,6 +1,164 @@
-from aerich.utils import import_py_file
+from aerich.utils import get_dict_diff_by_key, import_py_file
 
 
-def test_import_py_file():
+def test_import_py_file() -> None:
     m = import_py_file("aerich/utils.py")
-    assert getattr(m, "import_py_file")
+    assert getattr(m, "import_py_file", None)
+
+
+class TestDiffFields:
+    def test_the_same_through_order(self) -> None:
+        old = [
+            {"name": "users", "through": "users_group"},
+            {"name": "admins", "through": "admins_group"},
+        ]
+        new = [
+            {"name": "members", "through": "users_group"},
+            {"name": "admins", "through": "admins_group"},
+        ]
+        diffs = list(get_dict_diff_by_key(old, new))
+        assert type(get_dict_diff_by_key(old, new)).__name__ == "generator"
+        assert len(diffs) == 1
+        assert diffs == [("change", [0, "name"], ("users", "members"))]
+
+    def test_same_through_with_different_orders(self) -> None:
+        old = [
+            {"name": "users", "through": "users_group"},
+            {"name": "admins", "through": "admins_group"},
+        ]
+        new = [
+            {"name": "admins", "through": "admins_group"},
+            {"name": "members", "through": "users_group"},
+        ]
+        diffs = list(get_dict_diff_by_key(old, new))
+        assert len(diffs) == 1
+        assert diffs == [("change", [0, "name"], ("users", "members"))]
+
+    def test_the_same_field_name_order(self) -> None:
+        old = [
+            {"name": "users", "through": "users_group"},
+            {"name": "admins", "through": "admins_group"},
+        ]
+        new = [
+            {"name": "users", "through": "user_groups"},
+            {"name": "admins", "through": "admin_groups"},
+        ]
+        diffs = list(get_dict_diff_by_key(old, new))
+        assert len(diffs) == 4
+        assert diffs == [
+            ("remove", "", [(0, {"name": "users", "through": "users_group"})]),
+            ("remove", "", [(0, {"name": "admins", "through": "admins_group"})]),
+            ("add", "", [(0, {"name": "users", "through": "user_groups"})]),
+            ("add", "", [(0, {"name": "admins", "through": "admin_groups"})]),
+        ]
+
+    def test_same_field_name_with_different_orders(self) -> None:
+        old = [
+            {"name": "admins", "through": "admins_group"},
+            {"name": "users", "through": "users_group"},
+        ]
+        new = [
+            {"name": "users", "through": "user_groups"},
+            {"name": "admins", "through": "admin_groups"},
+        ]
+        diffs = list(get_dict_diff_by_key(old, new))
+        assert len(diffs) == 4
+        assert diffs == [
+            ("remove", "", [(0, {"name": "admins", "through": "admins_group"})]),
+            ("remove", "", [(0, {"name": "users", "through": "users_group"})]),
+            ("add", "", [(0, {"name": "users", "through": "user_groups"})]),
+            ("add", "", [(0, {"name": "admins", "through": "admin_groups"})]),
+        ]
+
+    def test_drop_one(self) -> None:
+        old = [
+            {"name": "users", "through": "users_group"},
+            {"name": "admins", "through": "admins_group"},
+        ]
+        new = [
+            {"name": "admins", "through": "admins_group"},
+        ]
+        diffs = list(get_dict_diff_by_key(old, new))
+        assert len(diffs) == 1
+        assert diffs == [("remove", "", [(0, {"name": "users", "through": "users_group"})])]
+
+    def test_add_one(self) -> None:
+        old = [
+            {"name": "admins", "through": "admins_group"},
+        ]
+        new = [
+            {"name": "users", "through": "users_group"},
+            {"name": "admins", "through": "admins_group"},
+        ]
+        diffs = list(get_dict_diff_by_key(old, new))
+        assert len(diffs) == 1
+        assert diffs == [("add", "", [(0, {"name": "users", "through": "users_group"})])]
+
+    def test_drop_some(self) -> None:
+        old = [
+            {"name": "users", "through": "users_group"},
+            {"name": "admins", "through": "admins_group"},
+            {"name": "staffs", "through": "staffs_group"},
+        ]
+        new = [
+            {"name": "admins", "through": "admins_group"},
+        ]
+        diffs = list(get_dict_diff_by_key(old, new))
+        assert len(diffs) == 2
+        assert diffs == [
+            ("remove", "", [(0, {"name": "users", "through": "users_group"})]),
+            ("remove", "", [(0, {"name": "staffs", "through": "staffs_group"})]),
+        ]
+
+    def test_add_some(self) -> None:
+        old = [
+            {"name": "staffs", "through": "staffs_group"},
+        ]
+        new = [
+            {"name": "users", "through": "users_group"},
+            {"name": "admins", "through": "admins_group"},
+            {"name": "staffs", "through": "staffs_group"},
+        ]
+        diffs = list(get_dict_diff_by_key(old, new))
+        assert len(diffs) == 2
+        assert diffs == [
+            ("add", "", [(0, {"name": "users", "through": "users_group"})]),
+            ("add", "", [(0, {"name": "admins", "through": "admins_group"})]),
+        ]
+
+    def test_some_through_unchanged(self) -> None:
+        old = [
+            {"name": "staffs", "through": "staffs_group"},
+            {"name": "admins", "through": "admins_group"},
+        ]
+        new = [
+            {"name": "users", "through": "users_group"},
+            {"name": "admins_new", "through": "admins_group"},
+            {"name": "staffs_new", "through": "staffs_group"},
+        ]
+        diffs = list(get_dict_diff_by_key(old, new))
+        assert len(diffs) == 3
+        assert diffs == [
+            ("change", [0, "name"], ("staffs", "staffs_new")),
+            ("change", [0, "name"], ("admins", "admins_new")),
+            ("add", "", [(0, {"name": "users", "through": "users_group"})]),
+        ]
+
+    def test_some_unchanged_without_drop_or_add(self) -> None:
+        old = [
+            {"name": "staffs", "through": "staffs_group"},
+            {"name": "admins", "through": "admins_group"},
+            {"name": "users", "through": "users_group"},
+        ]
+        new = [
+            {"name": "users_new", "through": "users_group"},
+            {"name": "admins_new", "through": "admins_group"},
+            {"name": "staffs_new", "through": "staffs_group"},
+        ]
+        diffs = list(get_dict_diff_by_key(old, new))
+        assert len(diffs) == 3
+        assert diffs == [
+            ("change", [0, "name"], ("staffs", "staffs_new")),
+            ("change", [0, "name"], ("admins", "admins_new")),
+            ("change", [0, "name"], ("users", "users_new")),
+        ]