Merge branch 'master' into limit_behaviour

.install_mongodb_on_travis.sh

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
+sudo apt-get remove mongodb-org-server
 sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv 7F0CEB10
 
 if [ "$MONGODB" = "2.4" ]; then
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ elif [ "$MONGODB" = "2.6" ]; then
     sudo apt-get install mongodb-org-server=2.6.12
     # service should be started automatically
 elif [ "$MONGODB" = "3.0" ]; then
-    echo "deb http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu precise/mongodb-org/3.0 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb.list
+    echo "deb http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu trusty/mongodb-org/3.0 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb.list
     sudo apt-get update
     sudo apt-get install mongodb-org-server=3.0.14
     # service should be started automatically
@@ -21,3 +22,6 @@ else
     echo "Invalid MongoDB version, expected 2.4, 2.6, or 3.0."
     exit 1
 fi;
+
+mkdir db
+1>db/logs mongod --dbpath=db &

.travis.yml

@@ -15,12 +15,11 @@ language: python
 python:
 - 2.7
 - 3.5
+- 3.6
 - pypy
 
 env:
-- MONGODB=2.6 PYMONGO=2.7
+- MONGODB=2.6 PYMONGO=3.x
-- MONGODB=2.6 PYMONGO=2.8
-- MONGODB=2.6 PYMONGO=3.0
 
 matrix:
   # Finish the build as soon as one job fails
@@ -28,20 +27,22 @@ matrix:
 
   include:
   - python: 2.7
-    env: MONGODB=2.4 PYMONGO=2.7
+    env: MONGODB=2.4 PYMONGO=3.5
   - python: 2.7
-    env: MONGODB=2.4 PYMONGO=3.0
+    env: MONGODB=3.0 PYMONGO=3.x
-  - python: 2.7
-    env: MONGODB=3.0 PYMONGO=3.0
   - python: 3.5
-    env: MONGODB=2.4 PYMONGO=2.7
+    env: MONGODB=2.4 PYMONGO=3.5
   - python: 3.5
-    env: MONGODB=2.4 PYMONGO=3.0
+    env: MONGODB=3.0 PYMONGO=3.x
-  - python: 3.5
+  - python: 3.6
-    env: MONGODB=3.0 PYMONGO=3.0
+    env: MONGODB=2.4 PYMONGO=3.5
+  - python: 3.6
+    env: MONGODB=3.0 PYMONGO=3.x
 
 before_install:
 - bash .install_mongodb_on_travis.sh
+- sleep 15  # https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/database-setup/#MongoDB-does-not-immediately-accept-connections
+- mongo --eval 'db.version();'
 
 install:
 - sudo apt-get install python-dev python3-dev libopenjpeg-dev zlib1g-dev libjpeg-turbo8-dev
@@ -90,11 +91,11 @@ deploy:
   distributions: "sdist bdist_wheel"
 
   # only deploy on tagged commits (aka GitHub releases) and only for the
-  # parent repo's builds running Python 2.7 along with dev PyMongo (we run
+  # parent repo's builds running Python 2.7 along with PyMongo v3.x (we run
   # Travis against many different Python and PyMongo versions and we don't
   # want the deploy to occur multiple times).
   on:
     tags: true
     repo: MongoEngine/mongoengine
-    condition: "$PYMONGO = 3.0"
+    condition: "$PYMONGO = 3.x"
     python: 2.7

AUTHORS

@@ -245,3 +245,5 @@ that much better:
  * Dmitry Yantsen (https://github.com/mrTable)
  * Renjianxin (https://github.com/Davidrjx)
  * Erdenezul Batmunkh (https://github.com/erdenezul)
+ * Andy Yankovsky (https://github.com/werat)
+ * Bastien Gérard (https://github.com/bagerard)

CONTRIBUTING.rst

@@ -22,8 +22,11 @@ Supported Interpreters
 
 MongoEngine supports CPython 2.7 and newer. Language
 features not supported by all interpreters can not be used.
-Please also ensure that your code is properly converted by
+The codebase is written in python 2 so you must be using python 2
-`2to3 <http://docs.python.org/library/2to3.html>`_ for Python 3 support.
+when developing new features. Compatibility of the library with Python 3
+relies on the 2to3 package that gets executed as part of the installation
+build. You should ensure that your code is properly converted by
+`2to3 <http://docs.python.org/library/2to3.html>`_.
 
 Style Guide
 -----------

docs/apireference.rst

@@ -87,7 +87,9 @@ Fields
 .. autoclass:: mongoengine.fields.DictField
 .. autoclass:: mongoengine.fields.MapField
 .. autoclass:: mongoengine.fields.ReferenceField
+.. autoclass:: mongoengine.fields.LazyReferenceField
 .. autoclass:: mongoengine.fields.GenericReferenceField
+.. autoclass:: mongoengine.fields.GenericLazyReferenceField
 .. autoclass:: mongoengine.fields.CachedReferenceField
 .. autoclass:: mongoengine.fields.BinaryField
 .. autoclass:: mongoengine.fields.FileField

docs/changelog.rst

@@ -6,6 +6,36 @@ Development
 ===========
 - QuerySet limit function behaviour: Passing 0 as parameter will return all the documents in the cursor #1611
 - (Fill this out as you fix issues and develop your features).
+=======
+Changes in 0.15.4
+=================
+- Added `DateField` #513
+
+Changes in 0.15.3
+=================
+-  Subfield resolve error in generic_emdedded_document query #1651 #1652
+-  use each modifier only with $position #1673 #1675
+-  Improve LazyReferenceField and GenericLazyReferenceField with nested fields #1704
+-  Fix validation error instance in GenericEmbeddedDocumentField #1067
+-  Update cached fields when fields argument is given #1712
+-  Add a db parameter to register_connection for compatibility with connect
+-  Use insert_one, insert_many in Document.insert #1491
+-  Use new update_one, update_many on document/queryset update #1491
+-  Use insert_one, insert_many in Document.insert #1491
+-  Fix reload(fields) affect changed fields #1371
+-  Fix Read-only access to database fails when trying to create indexes #1338
+
+Changes in 0.15.0
+=================
+- Add LazyReferenceField and GenericLazyReferenceField to address #1230
+
+Changes in 0.14.1
+=================
+- Removed SemiStrictDict and started using a regular dict for `BaseDocument._data` #1630
+- Added support for the `$position` param in the `$push` operator #1566
+- Fixed `DateTimeField` interpreting an empty string as today #1533
+- Added a missing `__ne__` method to the `GridFSProxy` class #1632
+- Fixed `BaseQuerySet._fields_to_db_fields` #1553
 
 Changes in 0.14.0
 =================

docs/guide/connecting.rst

@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ provide the :attr:`host` and :attr:`port` arguments to
 
     connect('project1', host='192.168.1.35', port=12345)
 
-If the database requires authentication, :attr:`username` and :attr:`password`
+If the database requires authentication, :attr:`username`, :attr:`password`
-arguments should be provided::
+and :attr:`authentication_source` arguments should be provided::
 
-    connect('project1', username='webapp', password='pwd123')
+    connect('project1', username='webapp', password='pwd123', authentication_source='admin')
 
 URI style connections are also supported -- just supply the URI as
 the :attr:`host` to

docs/guide/defining-documents.rst

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ objects** as class attributes to the document class::
 
     class Page(Document):
         title = StringField(max_length=200, required=True)
-        date_modified = DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now)
+        date_modified = DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)
 
 As BSON (the binary format for storing data in mongodb) is order dependent,
 documents are serialized based on their field order.
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ are as follows:
 * :class:`~mongoengine.fields.FloatField`
 * :class:`~mongoengine.fields.GenericEmbeddedDocumentField`
 * :class:`~mongoengine.fields.GenericReferenceField`
+* :class:`~mongoengine.fields.GenericLazyReferenceField`
 * :class:`~mongoengine.fields.GeoPointField`
 * :class:`~mongoengine.fields.ImageField`
 * :class:`~mongoengine.fields.IntField`
@@ -87,6 +88,7 @@ are as follows:
 * :class:`~mongoengine.fields.MapField`
 * :class:`~mongoengine.fields.ObjectIdField`
 * :class:`~mongoengine.fields.ReferenceField`
+* :class:`~mongoengine.fields.LazyReferenceField`
 * :class:`~mongoengine.fields.SequenceField`
 * :class:`~mongoengine.fields.SortedListField`
 * :class:`~mongoengine.fields.StringField`
@@ -224,7 +226,7 @@ store; in this situation a :class:`~mongoengine.fields.DictField` is appropriate
         user = ReferenceField(User)
         answers = DictField()
 
-    survey_response = SurveyResponse(date=datetime.now(), user=request.user)
+    survey_response = SurveyResponse(date=datetime.utcnow(), user=request.user)
     response_form = ResponseForm(request.POST)
     survey_response.answers = response_form.cleaned_data()
     survey_response.save()
@@ -511,6 +513,9 @@ If a dictionary is passed then the following options are available:
     Allows you to automatically expire data from a collection by setting the
     time in seconds to expire the a field.
 
+:attr:`name` (Optional)
+    Allows you to specify a name for the index
+
 .. note::
 
     Inheritance adds extra fields indices see: :ref:`document-inheritance`.
@@ -524,14 +529,15 @@ There are a few top level defaults for all indexes that can be set::
         title = StringField()
         rating = StringField()
         meta = {
-            'index_options': {},
+            'index_opts': {},
             'index_background': True,
+            'index_cls': False,
+            'auto_create_index': True,
             'index_drop_dups': True,
-            'index_cls': False
         }
 
 
-:attr:`index_options` (Optional)
+:attr:`index_opts` (Optional)
     Set any default index options - see the `full options list <http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/db.collection.ensureIndex/#db.collection.ensureIndex>`_
 
 :attr:`index_background` (Optional)
@@ -540,6 +546,12 @@ There are a few top level defaults for all indexes that can be set::
 :attr:`index_cls` (Optional)
     A way to turn off a specific index for _cls.
 
+:attr:`auto_create_index` (Optional)
+    When this is True (default), MongoEngine will ensure that the correct
+    indexes exist in MongoDB each time a command is run. This can be disabled
+    in systems where indexes are managed separately. Disabling this will improve
+    performance.
+
 :attr:`index_drop_dups` (Optional)
     Set the default value for if an index should drop duplicates
 
@@ -618,7 +630,7 @@ collection after a given period. See the official
 documentation for more information.  A common usecase might be session data::
 
     class Session(Document):
-        created = DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
+        created = DateTimeField(default=datetime.utcnow)
         meta = {
             'indexes': [
                 {'fields': ['created'], 'expireAfterSeconds': 3600}

docs/guide/document-instances.rst

@@ -57,7 +57,8 @@ document values for example::
 
         def clean(self):
             """Ensures that only published essays have a `pub_date` and
-            automatically sets the pub_date if published and not set"""
+            automatically sets `pub_date` if essay is published and `pub_date`
+            is not set"""
             if self.status == 'Draft' and self.pub_date is not None:
                 msg = 'Draft entries should not have a publication date.'
                 raise ValidationError(msg)

docs/guide/gridfs.rst

@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ Deletion
 
 Deleting stored files is achieved with the :func:`delete` method::
 
-    marmot.photo.delete()
+    marmot.photo.delete()    # Deletes the GridFS document
+    marmot.save()            # Saves the GridFS reference (being None) contained in the marmot instance
 
 .. warning::
 
@@ -71,4 +72,5 @@ Files can be replaced with the :func:`replace` method. This works just like
 the :func:`put` method so even metadata can (and should) be replaced::
 
     another_marmot = open('another_marmot.png', 'rb')
-    marmot.photo.replace(another_marmot, content_type='image/png')
+    marmot.photo.replace(another_marmot, content_type='image/png')  # Replaces the GridFS document
+    marmot.save()                                                   # Replaces the GridFS reference contained in marmot instance

docs/guide/signals.rst

@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ Available signals include:
   has taken place but before saving.
 
 `post_save`
-  Called within :meth:`~mongoengine.Document.save` after all actions
+  Called within :meth:`~mongoengine.Document.save` after most actions
-  (validation, insert/update, cascades, clearing dirty flags) have completed
+  (validation, insert/update, and cascades, but not clearing dirty flags) have 
-  successfully.  Passed the additional boolean keyword argument `created` to
+  completed successfully.  Passed the additional boolean keyword argument 
-  indicate if the save was an insert or an update.
+  `created` to indicate if the save was an insert or an update.
 
 `pre_delete`
   Called within :meth:`~mongoengine.Document.delete` prior to
@@ -113,6 +113,10 @@ handlers within your subclass::
     signals.pre_save.connect(Author.pre_save, sender=Author)
     signals.post_save.connect(Author.post_save, sender=Author)
 
+.. warning::
+
+    Note that EmbeddedDocument only supports pre/post_init signals. pre/post_save, etc should be attached to Document's class only. Attaching pre_save to an EmbeddedDocument is ignored silently.
+
 Finally, you can also use this small decorator to quickly create a number of
 signals and attach them to your :class:`~mongoengine.Document` or
 :class:`~mongoengine.EmbeddedDocument` subclasses as class decorators::

docs/guide/text-indexes.rst

@@ -48,4 +48,4 @@ Ordering by text score
 
 ::
 
-  objects = News.objects.search('mongo').order_by('$text_score')
+  objects = News.objects.search_text('mongo').order_by('$text_score')

docs/tutorial.rst

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ of them stand out as particularly intuitive solutions.
 Posts
 ^^^^^
 
-Happily mongoDB *isn't* a relational database, so we're not going to do it that
+Happily MongoDB *isn't* a relational database, so we're not going to do it that
 way. As it turns out, we can use MongoDB's schemaless nature to provide us with
 a much nicer solution. We will store all of the posts in *one collection* and
 each post type will only store the fields it needs. If we later want to add
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ post. This works, but there is no real reason to be storing the comments
 separately from their associated posts, other than to work around the
 relational model. Using MongoDB we can store the comments as a list of
 *embedded documents* directly on a post document. An embedded document should
-be treated no differently that a regular document; it just doesn't have its own
+be treated no differently than a regular document; it just doesn't have its own
 collection in the database. Using MongoEngine, we can define the structure of
 embedded documents, along with utility methods, in exactly the same way we do
 with regular documents::

mongoengine/__init__.py

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ __all__ = (list(document.__all__) + list(fields.__all__) +
            list(signals.__all__) + list(errors.__all__))
 
 
-VERSION = (0, 14, 0)
+VERSION = (0, 15, 3)
 
 
 def get_version():

mongoengine/base/__init__.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ __all__ = (
     'UPDATE_OPERATORS', '_document_registry', 'get_document',
 
     # datastructures
-    'BaseDict', 'BaseList', 'EmbeddedDocumentList',
+    'BaseDict', 'BaseList', 'EmbeddedDocumentList', 'LazyReference',
 
     # document
     'BaseDocument',

mongoengine/base/common.py

@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@ from mongoengine.errors import NotRegistered
 __all__ = ('UPDATE_OPERATORS', 'get_document', '_document_registry')
 
 
-UPDATE_OPERATORS = set(['set', 'unset', 'inc', 'dec', 'pop', 'push',
+UPDATE_OPERATORS = set(['set', 'unset', 'inc', 'dec', 'mul',
-                        'push_all', 'pull', 'pull_all', 'add_to_set',
+                        'pop', 'push', 'push_all', 'pull',
-                        'set_on_insert', 'min', 'max', 'rename'])
+                        'pull_all', 'add_to_set', 'set_on_insert',
+                        'min', 'max', 'rename'])
 
 
 _document_registry = {}

mongoengine/base/datastructures.py

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 import itertools
 import weakref
 
+from bson import DBRef
 import six
 
 from mongoengine.common import _import_class
 from mongoengine.errors import DoesNotExist, MultipleObjectsReturned
 
-__all__ = ('BaseDict', 'BaseList', 'EmbeddedDocumentList')
+__all__ = ('BaseDict', 'BaseList', 'EmbeddedDocumentList', 'LazyReference')
 
 
 class BaseDict(dict):
@@ -127,8 +128,8 @@ class BaseList(list):
         return value
 
     def __iter__(self):
-        for i in xrange(self.__len__()):
+        for v in super(BaseList, self).__iter__():
-            yield self[i]
+            yield v
 
     def __setitem__(self, key, value, *args, **kwargs):
         if isinstance(key, slice):
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ class BaseList(list):
             self._mark_as_changed(key)
         return super(BaseList, self).__setitem__(key, value)
 
-    def __delitem__(self, key, *args, **kwargs):
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
         self._mark_as_changed()
         return super(BaseList, self).__delitem__(key)
 
@@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ class BaseList(list):
         self._mark_as_changed()
         return super(BaseList, self).remove(*args, **kwargs)
 
-    def reverse(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    def reverse(self):
         self._mark_as_changed()
         return super(BaseList, self).reverse()
 
@@ -233,6 +234,9 @@ class EmbeddedDocumentList(BaseList):
         Filters the list by only including embedded documents with the
         given keyword arguments.
 
+        This method only supports simple comparison (e.g: .filter(name='John Doe'))
+        and does not support operators like __gte, __lte, __icontains like queryset.filter does
+
         :param kwargs: The keyword arguments corresponding to the fields to
          filter on. *Multiple arguments are treated as if they are ANDed
          together.*
@@ -350,7 +354,8 @@ class EmbeddedDocumentList(BaseList):
 
     def update(self, **update):
         """
-        Updates the embedded documents with the given update values.
+        Updates the embedded documents with the given replacement values. This
+        function does not support mongoDB update operators such as ``inc__``.
 
         .. note::
             The embedded document changes are not automatically saved
@@ -447,40 +452,40 @@ class StrictDict(object):
         return cls._classes[allowed_keys]
 
 
-class SemiStrictDict(StrictDict):
+class LazyReference(DBRef):
-    __slots__ = ('_extras', )
+    __slots__ = ('_cached_doc', 'passthrough', 'document_type')
-    _classes = {}
 
-    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+    def fetch(self, force=False):
-        try:
+        if not self._cached_doc or force:
-            super(SemiStrictDict, self).__getattr__(attr)
+            self._cached_doc = self.document_type.objects.get(pk=self.pk)
-        except AttributeError:
+            if not self._cached_doc:
-            try:
+                raise DoesNotExist('Trying to dereference unknown document %s' % (self))
-                return self.__getattribute__('_extras')[attr]
+        return self._cached_doc
-            except KeyError as e:
-                raise AttributeError(e)
 
-    def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
+    @property
-        try:
+    def pk(self):
-            super(SemiStrictDict, self).__setattr__(attr, value)
+        return self.id
-        except AttributeError:
-            try:
-                self._extras[attr] = value
-            except AttributeError:
-                self._extras = {attr: value}
 
-    def __delattr__(self, attr):
+    def __init__(self, document_type, pk, cached_doc=None, passthrough=False):
-        try:
+        self.document_type = document_type
-            super(SemiStrictDict, self).__delattr__(attr)
+        self._cached_doc = cached_doc
-        except AttributeError:
+        self.passthrough = passthrough
-            try:
+        super(LazyReference, self).__init__(self.document_type._get_collection_name(), pk)
-                del self._extras[attr]
-            except KeyError as e:
-                raise AttributeError(e)
 
-    def __iter__(self):
+    def __getitem__(self, name):
+        if not self.passthrough:
+            raise KeyError()
+        document = self.fetch()
+        return document[name]
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        if not object.__getattribute__(self, 'passthrough'):
+            raise AttributeError()
+        document = self.fetch()
         try:
-            extras_iter = iter(self.__getattribute__('_extras'))
+            return document[name]
-        except AttributeError:
+        except KeyError:
-            extras_iter = ()
+            raise AttributeError()
-        return itertools.chain(super(SemiStrictDict, self).__iter__(), extras_iter)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<LazyReference(%s, %r)>" % (self.document_type, self.pk)

mongoengine/base/document.py

@@ -13,13 +13,14 @@ from mongoengine import signals
 from mongoengine.base.common import get_document
 from mongoengine.base.datastructures import (BaseDict, BaseList,
                                              EmbeddedDocumentList,
-                                             SemiStrictDict, StrictDict)
+                                             LazyReference,
+                                             StrictDict)
 from mongoengine.base.fields import ComplexBaseField
 from mongoengine.common import _import_class
 from mongoengine.errors import (FieldDoesNotExist, InvalidDocumentError,
                                 LookUpError, OperationError, ValidationError)
 
-__all__ = ('BaseDocument',)
+__all__ = ('BaseDocument', 'NON_FIELD_ERRORS')
 
 NON_FIELD_ERRORS = '__all__'
 
@@ -79,8 +80,7 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
         if self.STRICT and not self._dynamic:
             self._data = StrictDict.create(allowed_keys=self._fields_ordered)()
         else:
-            self._data = SemiStrictDict.create(
+            self._data = {}
-                allowed_keys=self._fields_ordered)()
 
         self._dynamic_fields = SON()
 
@@ -100,13 +100,11 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
             for key, value in values.iteritems():
                 if key in self._fields or key == '_id':
                     setattr(self, key, value)
-                elif self._dynamic:
+                else:
                     dynamic_data[key] = value
         else:
             FileField = _import_class('FileField')
             for key, value in values.iteritems():
-                if key == '__auto_convert':
-                    continue
                 key = self._reverse_db_field_map.get(key, key)
                 if key in self._fields or key in ('id', 'pk', '_cls'):
                     if __auto_convert and value is not None:
@@ -147,7 +145,7 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
 
             if not hasattr(self, name) and not name.startswith('_'):
                 DynamicField = _import_class('DynamicField')
-                field = DynamicField(db_field=name)
+                field = DynamicField(db_field=name, null=True)
                 field.name = name
                 self._dynamic_fields[name] = field
                 self._fields_ordered += (name,)
@@ -337,7 +335,7 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
                 value = field.generate()
                 self._data[field_name] = value
 
-            if value is not None:
+            if (value is not None) or (field.null):
                 if use_db_field:
                     data[field.db_field] = value
                 else:
@@ -406,7 +404,15 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
 
     @classmethod
     def from_json(cls, json_data, created=False):
-        """Converts json data to an unsaved document instance"""
+        """Converts json data to a Document instance
+
+        :param json_data: The json data to load into the Document
+        :param created: If True, the document will be considered as a brand new document
+                        If False and an id is provided, it will consider that the data being
+                        loaded corresponds to what's already in the database (This has an impact of subsequent call to .save())
+                        If False and no id is provided, it will consider the data as a new document
+                        (default ``False``)
+        """
         return cls._from_son(json_util.loads(json_data), created=created)
 
     def __expand_dynamic_values(self, name, value):
@@ -489,7 +495,7 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
                 else:
                     data = getattr(data, part, None)
 
-                if hasattr(data, '_changed_fields'):
+                if not isinstance(data, LazyReference) and hasattr(data, '_changed_fields'):
                     if getattr(data, '_is_document', False):
                         continue
 
@@ -1080,5 +1086,11 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
         """Return the display value for a choice field"""
         value = getattr(self, field.name)
         if field.choices and isinstance(field.choices[0], (list, tuple)):
-            return dict(field.choices).get(value, value)
+            if value is None:
+                return None
+            sep = getattr(field, 'display_sep', ' ')
+            values = value if field.__class__.__name__ in ('ListField', 'SortedListField') else [value]
+            return sep.join([
+                dict(field.choices).get(val, val)
+                for val in values or []])
         return value

mongoengine/base/fields.py

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class BaseField(object):
             field.  Generally this is deprecated in favour of the
             `FIELD.validate` method
         :param choices: (optional) The valid choices
-        :param null: (optional) Is the field value can be null. If no and there is a default value
+        :param null: (optional) If the field value can be null. If no and there is a default value
             then the default value is set
         :param sparse: (optional) `sparse=True` combined with `unique=True` and `required=False`
             means that uniqueness won't be enforced for `None` values
@@ -130,7 +130,6 @@ class BaseField(object):
     def __set__(self, instance, value):
         """Descriptor for assigning a value to a field in a document.
         """
-
         # If setting to None and there is a default
         # Then set the value to the default value
         if value is None:
@@ -213,7 +212,9 @@ class BaseField(object):
                     )
                 )
         # Choices which are types other than Documents
-        elif value not in choice_list:
+        else:
+            values = value if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)) else [value]
+            if len(set(values) - set(choice_list)):
                 self.error('Value must be one of %s' % six.text_type(choice_list))
 
     def _validate(self, value, **kwargs):

mongoengine/base/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import re
+
+
+class LazyRegexCompiler(object):
+    """Descriptor to allow lazy compilation of regex"""
+
+    def __init__(self, pattern, flags=0):
+        self._pattern = pattern
+        self._flags = flags
+        self._compiled_regex = None
+
+    @property
+    def compiled_regex(self):
+        if self._compiled_regex is None:
+            self._compiled_regex = re.compile(self._pattern, self._flags)
+        return self._compiled_regex
+
+    def __get__(self, obj, objtype):
+        return self.compiled_regex
+
+    def __set__(self, instance, value):
+        raise AttributeError("Can not set attribute LazyRegexCompiler")

mongoengine/connection.py

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ _connections = {}
 _dbs = {}
 
 
-def register_connection(alias, name=None, host=None, port=None,
+def register_connection(alias, db=None, name=None, host=None, port=None,
                         read_preference=READ_PREFERENCE,
                         username=None, password=None,
                         authentication_source=None,
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ def register_connection(alias, name=None, host=None, port=None,
     :param alias: the name that will be used to refer to this connection
         throughout MongoEngine
     :param name: the name of the specific database to use
+    :param db: the name of the database to use, for compatibility with connect
     :param host: the host name of the :program:`mongod` instance to connect to
     :param port: the port that the :program:`mongod` instance is running on
     :param read_preference: The read preference for the collection
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ def register_connection(alias, name=None, host=None, port=None,
     .. versionchanged:: 0.10.6 - added mongomock support
     """
     conn_settings = {
-        'name': name or 'test',
+        'name': name or db or 'test',
         'host': host or 'localhost',
         'port': port or 27017,
         'read_preference': read_preference,
@@ -103,6 +104,18 @@ def register_connection(alias, name=None, host=None, port=None,
                 conn_settings['authentication_source'] = uri_options['authsource']
             if 'authmechanism' in uri_options:
                 conn_settings['authentication_mechanism'] = uri_options['authmechanism']
+            if IS_PYMONGO_3 and 'readpreference' in uri_options:
+                read_preferences = (
+                    ReadPreference.NEAREST,
+                    ReadPreference.PRIMARY,
+                    ReadPreference.PRIMARY_PREFERRED,
+                    ReadPreference.SECONDARY,
+                    ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
+                read_pf_mode = uri_options['readpreference'].lower()
+                for preference in read_preferences:
+                    if preference.name.lower() == read_pf_mode:
+                        conn_settings['read_preference'] = preference
+                        break
         else:
             resolved_hosts.append(entity)
     conn_settings['host'] = resolved_hosts

mongoengine/context_managers.py

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from pymongo.write_concern import WriteConcern
 from mongoengine.common import _import_class
 from mongoengine.connection import DEFAULT_CONNECTION_NAME, get_db
 
 
 __all__ = ('switch_db', 'switch_collection', 'no_dereference',
-           'no_sub_classes', 'query_counter')
+           'no_sub_classes', 'query_counter', 'set_write_concern')
 
 
 class switch_db(object):
@@ -143,66 +145,83 @@ class no_sub_classes(object):
         :param cls: the class to turn querying sub classes on
         """
         self.cls = cls
+        self.cls_initial_subclasses = None
 
     def __enter__(self):
         """Change the objects default and _auto_dereference values."""
-        self.cls._all_subclasses = self.cls._subclasses
+        self.cls_initial_subclasses = self.cls._subclasses
-        self.cls._subclasses = (self.cls,)
+        self.cls._subclasses = (self.cls._class_name,)
         return self.cls
 
     def __exit__(self, t, value, traceback):
         """Reset the default and _auto_dereference values."""
-        self.cls._subclasses = self.cls._all_subclasses
+        self.cls._subclasses = self.cls_initial_subclasses
-        delattr(self.cls, '_all_subclasses')
-        return self.cls
 
 
 class query_counter(object):
-    """Query_counter context manager to get the number of queries."""
+    """Query_counter context manager to get the number of queries.
+    This works by updating the `profiling_level` of the database so that all queries get logged,
+    resetting the db.system.profile collection at the beginnig of the context and counting the new entries.
+
+    This was designed for debugging purpose. In fact it is a global counter so queries issued by other threads/processes
+    can interfere with it
+
+    Be aware that:
+    - Iterating over large amount of documents (>101) makes pymongo issue `getmore` queries to fetch the next batch of
+        documents (https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/iterate-a-cursor/#cursor-batches)
+    - Some queries are ignored by default by the counter (killcursors, db.system.indexes)
+    """
 
     def __init__(self):
-        """Construct the query_counter."""
+        """Construct the query_counter
-        self.counter = 0
+        """
         self.db = get_db()
+        self.initial_profiling_level = None
+        self._ctx_query_counter = 0             # number of queries issued by the context
 
-    def __enter__(self):
+        self._ignored_query = {
-        """On every with block we need to drop the profile collection."""
+            'ns':
+                {'$ne': '%s.system.indexes' % self.db.name},
+            'op':
+                {'$ne': 'killcursors'}
+        }
+
+    def _turn_on_profiling(self):
+        self.initial_profiling_level = self.db.profiling_level()
         self.db.set_profiling_level(0)
         self.db.system.profile.drop()
         self.db.set_profiling_level(2)
+
+    def _resets_profiling(self):
+        self.db.set_profiling_level(self.initial_profiling_level)
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self._turn_on_profiling()
         return self
 
     def __exit__(self, t, value, traceback):
-        """Reset the profiling level."""
+        self._resets_profiling()
-        self.db.set_profiling_level(0)
 
     def __eq__(self, value):
-        """== Compare querycounter."""
         counter = self._get_count()
         return value == counter
 
     def __ne__(self, value):
-        """!= Compare querycounter."""
         return not self.__eq__(value)
 
     def __lt__(self, value):
-        """< Compare querycounter."""
         return self._get_count() < value
 
     def __le__(self, value):
-        """<= Compare querycounter."""
         return self._get_count() <= value
 
     def __gt__(self, value):
-        """> Compare querycounter."""
         return self._get_count() > value
 
     def __ge__(self, value):
-        """>= Compare querycounter."""
         return self._get_count() >= value
 
     def __int__(self):
-        """int representation."""
         return self._get_count()
 
     def __repr__(self):
@@ -210,8 +229,17 @@ class query_counter(object):
         return u"%s" % self._get_count()
 
     def _get_count(self):
-        """Get the number of queries."""
+        """Get the number of queries by counting the current number of entries in db.system.profile
-        ignore_query = {'ns': {'$ne': '%s.system.indexes' % self.db.name}}
+        and substracting the queries issued by this context. In fact everytime this is called, 1 query is
-        count = self.db.system.profile.find(ignore_query).count() - self.counter
+        issued so we need to balance that
-        self.counter += 1
+        """
+        count = self.db.system.profile.find(self._ignored_query).count() - self._ctx_query_counter
+        self._ctx_query_counter += 1    # Account for the query we just issued to gather the information
         return count
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def set_write_concern(collection, write_concerns):
+    combined_concerns = dict(collection.write_concern.document.items())
+    combined_concerns.update(write_concerns)
+    yield collection.with_options(write_concern=WriteConcern(**combined_concerns))

mongoengine/dereference.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import six
 
 from mongoengine.base import (BaseDict, BaseList, EmbeddedDocumentList,
                               TopLevelDocumentMetaclass, get_document)
+from mongoengine.base.datastructures import LazyReference
 from mongoengine.connection import get_db
 from mongoengine.document import Document, EmbeddedDocument
 from mongoengine.fields import DictField, ListField, MapField, ReferenceField
@@ -99,7 +100,10 @@ class DeReference(object):
             if isinstance(item, (Document, EmbeddedDocument)):
                 for field_name, field in item._fields.iteritems():
                     v = item._data.get(field_name, None)
-                    if isinstance(v, DBRef):
+                    if isinstance(v, LazyReference):
+                        # LazyReference inherits DBRef but should not be dereferenced here !
+                        continue
+                    elif isinstance(v, DBRef):
                         reference_map.setdefault(field.document_type, set()).add(v.id)
                     elif isinstance(v, (dict, SON)) and '_ref' in v:
                         reference_map.setdefault(get_document(v['_cls']), set()).add(v['_ref'].id)
@@ -110,6 +114,9 @@ class DeReference(object):
                             if isinstance(field_cls, (Document, TopLevelDocumentMetaclass)):
                                 key = field_cls
                             reference_map.setdefault(key, set()).update(refs)
+            elif isinstance(item, LazyReference):
+                # LazyReference inherits DBRef but should not be dereferenced here !
+                continue
             elif isinstance(item, DBRef):
                 reference_map.setdefault(item.collection, set()).add(item.id)
             elif isinstance(item, (dict, SON)) and '_ref' in item:
@@ -126,7 +133,12 @@ class DeReference(object):
         """
         object_map = {}
         for collection, dbrefs in self.reference_map.iteritems():
-            if hasattr(collection, 'objects'):  # We have a document class for the refs
+
+            # we use getattr instead of hasattr because as hasattr swallows any exception under python2
+            # so it could hide nasty things without raising exceptions (cfr bug #1688))
+            ref_document_cls_exists = (getattr(collection, 'objects', None) is not None)
+
+            if ref_document_cls_exists:
                 col_name = collection._get_collection_name()
                 refs = [dbref for dbref in dbrefs
                         if (col_name, dbref) not in object_map]
@@ -230,7 +242,7 @@ class DeReference(object):
             elif isinstance(v, (dict, list, tuple)) and depth <= self.max_depth:
                 item_name = '%s.%s' % (name, k) if name else name
                 data[k] = self._attach_objects(v, depth - 1, instance=instance, name=item_name)
-            elif hasattr(v, 'id'):
+            elif isinstance(v, DBRef) and hasattr(v, 'id'):
                 data[k] = self.object_map.get((v.collection, v.id), v)
 
         if instance and name:

mongoengine/document.py

@@ -195,7 +195,10 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
 
             # Ensure indexes on the collection unless auto_create_index was
             # set to False.
-            if cls._meta.get('auto_create_index', True):
+            # Also there is no need to ensure indexes on slave.
+            db = cls._get_db()
+            if cls._meta.get('auto_create_index', True) and\
+                    db.client.is_primary:
                 cls.ensure_indexes()
 
         return cls._collection
@@ -280,6 +283,9 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
         elif query[id_field] != self.pk:
             raise InvalidQueryError('Invalid document modify query: it must modify only this document.')
 
+        # Need to add shard key to query, or you get an error
+        query.update(self._object_key)
+
         updated = self._qs(**query).modify(new=True, **update)
         if updated is None:
             return False
@@ -576,12 +582,11 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
         """Delete the :class:`~mongoengine.Document` from the database. This
         will only take effect if the document has been previously saved.
 
-        :parm signal_kwargs: (optional) kwargs dictionary to be passed to
+        :param signal_kwargs: (optional) kwargs dictionary to be passed to
             the signal calls.
         :param write_concern: Extra keyword arguments are passed down which
-            will be used as options for the resultant
+            will be used as options for the resultant ``getLastError`` command.
-            ``getLastError`` command.  For example,
+            For example, ``save(..., w: 2, fsync: True)`` will
-            ``save(..., write_concern={w: 2, fsync: True}, ...)`` will
             wait until at least two servers have recorded the write and
             will force an fsync on the primary server.
 
@@ -702,7 +707,6 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
             obj = obj[0]
         else:
             raise self.DoesNotExist('Document does not exist')
-
         for field in obj._data:
             if not fields or field in fields:
                 try:
@@ -710,7 +714,7 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
                 except (KeyError, AttributeError):
                     try:
                         # If field is a special field, e.g. items is stored as _reserved_items,
-                        # an KeyError is thrown. So try to retrieve the field from _data
+                        # a KeyError is thrown. So try to retrieve the field from _data
                         setattr(self, field, self._reload(field, obj._data.get(field)))
                     except KeyError:
                         # If field is removed from the database while the object
@@ -718,7 +722,9 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
                         # i.e. obj.update(unset__field=1) followed by obj.reload()
                         delattr(self, field)
 
-        self._changed_fields = obj._changed_fields
+        self._changed_fields = list(
+            set(self._changed_fields) - set(fields)
+        ) if fields else obj._changed_fields
         self._created = False
         return self
 
@@ -964,8 +970,16 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
         """
 
         required = cls.list_indexes()
-        existing = [info['key']
+
-                    for info in cls._get_collection().index_information().values()]
+        existing = []
+        for info in cls._get_collection().index_information().values():
+            if '_fts' in info['key'][0]:
+                index_type = info['key'][0][1]
+                text_index_fields = info.get('weights').keys()
+                existing.append(
+                    [(key, index_type) for key in text_index_fields])
+            else:
+                existing.append(info['key'])
         missing = [index for index in required if index not in existing]
         extra = [index for index in existing if index not in required]
 
@@ -985,7 +999,7 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
 class DynamicDocument(Document):
     """A Dynamic Document class allowing flexible, expandable and uncontrolled
     schemas.  As a :class:`~mongoengine.Document` subclass, acts in the same
-    way as an ordinary document but has expando style properties.  Any data
+    way as an ordinary document but has expanded style properties.  Any data
     passed or set against the :class:`~mongoengine.DynamicDocument` that is
     not a field is automatically converted into a
     :class:`~mongoengine.fields.DynamicField` and data can be attributed to that
@@ -1010,6 +1024,7 @@ class DynamicDocument(Document):
         field_name = args[0]
         if field_name in self._dynamic_fields:
             setattr(self, field_name, None)
+            self._dynamic_fields[field_name].null = False
         else:
             super(DynamicDocument, self).__delattr__(*args, **kwargs)
 

mongoengine/fields.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import re
 import socket
 import time
 import uuid
-import warnings
 from operator import itemgetter
 
 from bson import Binary, DBRef, ObjectId, SON
@@ -26,7 +25,10 @@ except ImportError:
     Int64 = long
 
 from mongoengine.base import (BaseDocument, BaseField, ComplexBaseField,
-                              GeoJsonBaseField, ObjectIdField, get_document)
+                              GeoJsonBaseField, LazyReference, ObjectIdField,
+                              get_document)
+from mongoengine.base.utils import LazyRegexCompiler
+from mongoengine.common import _import_class
 from mongoengine.connection import DEFAULT_CONNECTION_NAME, get_db
 from mongoengine.document import Document, EmbeddedDocument
 from mongoengine.errors import DoesNotExist, InvalidQueryError, ValidationError
@@ -41,11 +43,12 @@ except ImportError:
 
 __all__ = (
     'StringField', 'URLField', 'EmailField', 'IntField', 'LongField',
-    'FloatField', 'DecimalField', 'BooleanField', 'DateTimeField',
+    'FloatField', 'DecimalField', 'BooleanField', 'DateTimeField', 'DateField',
     'ComplexDateTimeField', 'EmbeddedDocumentField', 'ObjectIdField',
     'GenericEmbeddedDocumentField', 'DynamicField', 'ListField',
     'SortedListField', 'EmbeddedDocumentListField', 'DictField',
     'MapField', 'ReferenceField', 'CachedReferenceField',
+    'LazyReferenceField', 'GenericLazyReferenceField',
     'GenericReferenceField', 'BinaryField', 'GridFSError', 'GridFSProxy',
     'FileField', 'ImageGridFsProxy', 'ImproperlyConfigured', 'ImageField',
     'GeoPointField', 'PointField', 'LineStringField', 'PolygonField',
@@ -120,7 +123,7 @@ class URLField(StringField):
     .. versionadded:: 0.3
     """
 
-    _URL_REGEX = re.compile(
+    _URL_REGEX = LazyRegexCompiler(
         r'^(?:[a-z0-9\.\-]*)://'  # scheme is validated separately
         r'(?:(?:[A-Z0-9](?:[A-Z0-9-]{0,61}[A-Z0-9])?\.)+(?:[A-Z]{2,6}\.?|[A-Z0-9-]{2,}(?<!-)\.?)|'  # domain...
         r'localhost|'  # localhost...
@@ -154,7 +157,7 @@ class EmailField(StringField):
 
     .. versionadded:: 0.4
     """
-    USER_REGEX = re.compile(
+    USER_REGEX = LazyRegexCompiler(
         # `dot-atom` defined in RFC 5322 Section 3.2.3.
         r"(^[-!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{}|~0-9A-Z]+(\.[-!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{}|~0-9A-Z]+)*\Z"
         # `quoted-string` defined in RFC 5322 Section 3.2.4.
@@ -162,7 +165,7 @@ class EmailField(StringField):
         re.IGNORECASE
     )
 
-    UTF8_USER_REGEX = re.compile(
+    UTF8_USER_REGEX = LazyRegexCompiler(
         six.u(
             # RFC 6531 Section 3.3 extends `atext` (used by dot-atom) to
             # include `UTF8-non-ascii`.
@@ -172,7 +175,7 @@ class EmailField(StringField):
         ), re.IGNORECASE | re.UNICODE
     )
 
-    DOMAIN_REGEX = re.compile(
+    DOMAIN_REGEX = LazyRegexCompiler(
         r'((?:[A-Z0-9](?:[A-Z0-9-]{0,61}[A-Z0-9])?\.)+)(?:[A-Z0-9-]{2,63}(?<!-))\Z',
         re.IGNORECASE
     )
@@ -361,7 +364,8 @@ class FloatField(BaseField):
 
 
 class DecimalField(BaseField):
-    """Fixed-point decimal number field.
+    """Fixed-point decimal number field. Stores the value as a float by default unless `force_string` is used.
+    If using floats, beware of Decimal to float conversion (potential precision loss)
 
     .. versionchanged:: 0.8
     .. versionadded:: 0.3
@@ -372,7 +376,9 @@ class DecimalField(BaseField):
         """
         :param min_value: Validation rule for the minimum acceptable value.
         :param max_value: Validation rule for the maximum acceptable value.
-        :param force_string: Store as a string.
+        :param force_string: Store the value as a string (instead of a float).
+         Be aware that this affects query sorting and operation like lte, gte (as string comparison is applied)
+         and some query operator won't work (e.g: inc, dec)
         :param precision: Number of decimal places to store.
         :param rounding: The rounding rule from the python decimal library:
 
@@ -459,6 +465,8 @@ class DateTimeField(BaseField):
     installed you can utilise it to convert varying types of date formats into valid
     python datetime objects.
 
+    Note: To default the field to the current datetime, use: DateTimeField(default=datetime.utcnow)
+
     Note: Microseconds are rounded to the nearest millisecond.
       Pre UTC microsecond support is effectively broken.
       Use :class:`~mongoengine.fields.ComplexDateTimeField` if you
@@ -522,6 +530,22 @@ class DateTimeField(BaseField):
         return super(DateTimeField, self).prepare_query_value(op, self.to_mongo(value))
 
 
+class DateField(DateTimeField):
+    def to_mongo(self, value):
+        value = super(DateField, self).to_mongo(value)
+        # drop hours, minutes, seconds
+        if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
+            value = datetime.datetime(value.year, value.month, value.day)
+        return value
+
+    def to_python(self, value):
+        value = super(DateField, self).to_python(value)
+        # convert datetime to date
+        if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
+            value = datetime.date(value.year, value.month, value.day)
+        return value
+
+
 class ComplexDateTimeField(StringField):
     """
     ComplexDateTimeField handles microseconds exactly instead of rounding
@@ -538,11 +562,15 @@ class ComplexDateTimeField(StringField):
     The `,` as the separator can be easily modified by passing the `separator`
     keyword when initializing the field.
 
+    Note: To default the field to the current datetime, use: DateTimeField(default=datetime.utcnow)
+
     .. versionadded:: 0.5
     """
 
     def __init__(self, separator=',', **kwargs):
-        self.names = ['year', 'month', 'day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second', 'microsecond']
+        """
+        :param separator: Allows to customize the separator used for storage (default ``,``)
+        """
         self.separator = separator
         self.format = separator.join(['%Y', '%m', '%d', '%H', '%M', '%S', '%f'])
         super(ComplexDateTimeField, self).__init__(**kwargs)
@@ -573,16 +601,20 @@ class ComplexDateTimeField(StringField):
         return datetime.datetime(*values)
 
     def __get__(self, instance, owner):
+        if instance is None:
+            return self
+
         data = super(ComplexDateTimeField, self).__get__(instance, owner)
-        if data is None:
+
-            return None if self.null else datetime.datetime.now()
+        if isinstance(data, datetime.datetime) or data is None:
-        if isinstance(data, datetime.datetime):
             return data
         return self._convert_from_string(data)
 
     def __set__(self, instance, value):
-        value = self._convert_from_datetime(value) if value else value
+        super(ComplexDateTimeField, self).__set__(instance, value)
-        return super(ComplexDateTimeField, self).__set__(instance, value)
+        value = instance._data[self.name]
+        if value is not None:
+            instance._data[self.name] = self._convert_from_datetime(value)
 
     def validate(self, value):
         value = self.to_python(value)
@@ -611,6 +643,7 @@ class EmbeddedDocumentField(BaseField):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, document_type, **kwargs):
+        # XXX ValidationError raised outside of the "validate" method.
         if not (
             isinstance(document_type, six.string_types) or
             issubclass(document_type, EmbeddedDocument)
@@ -625,9 +658,17 @@ class EmbeddedDocumentField(BaseField):
     def document_type(self):
         if isinstance(self.document_type_obj, six.string_types):
             if self.document_type_obj == RECURSIVE_REFERENCE_CONSTANT:
-                self.document_type_obj = self.owner_document
+                resolved_document_type = self.owner_document
             else:
-                self.document_type_obj = get_document(self.document_type_obj)
+                resolved_document_type = get_document(self.document_type_obj)
+
+            if not issubclass(resolved_document_type, EmbeddedDocument):
+                # Due to the late resolution of the document_type
+                # There is a chance that it won't be an EmbeddedDocument (#1661)
+                self.error('Invalid embedded document class provided to an '
+                           'EmbeddedDocumentField')
+            self.document_type_obj = resolved_document_type
+
         return self.document_type_obj
 
     def to_python(self, value):
@@ -686,16 +727,28 @@ class GenericEmbeddedDocumentField(BaseField):
         return value
 
     def validate(self, value, clean=True):
+        if self.choices and isinstance(value, SON):
+            for choice in self.choices:
+                if value['_cls'] == choice._class_name:
+                    return True
+
         if not isinstance(value, EmbeddedDocument):
             self.error('Invalid embedded document instance provided to an '
                        'GenericEmbeddedDocumentField')
 
         value.validate(clean=clean)
 
+    def lookup_member(self, member_name):
+        if self.choices:
+            for choice in self.choices:
+                field = choice._fields.get(member_name)
+                if field:
+                    return field
+        return None
+
     def to_mongo(self, document, use_db_field=True, fields=None):
         if document is None:
             return None
-
         data = document.to_mongo(use_db_field, fields)
         if '_cls' not in data:
             data['_cls'] = document._class_name
@@ -779,6 +832,17 @@ class ListField(ComplexBaseField):
         kwargs.setdefault('default', lambda: [])
         super(ListField, self).__init__(**kwargs)
 
+    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
+        if instance is None:
+            # Document class being used rather than a document object
+            return self
+        value = instance._data.get(self.name)
+        LazyReferenceField = _import_class('LazyReferenceField')
+        GenericLazyReferenceField = _import_class('GenericLazyReferenceField')
+        if isinstance(self.field, (LazyReferenceField, GenericLazyReferenceField)) and value:
+            instance._data[self.name] = [self.field.build_lazyref(x) for x in value]
+        return super(ListField, self).__get__(instance, owner)
+
     def validate(self, value):
         """Make sure that a list of valid fields is being used."""
         if (not isinstance(value, (list, tuple, QuerySet)) or
@@ -889,12 +953,10 @@ class DictField(ComplexBaseField):
     .. versionchanged:: 0.5 - Can now handle complex / varying types of data
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, basecls=None, field=None, *args, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, field=None, *args, **kwargs):
         self.field = field
         self._auto_dereference = False
-        self.basecls = basecls or BaseField
+
-        if not issubclass(self.basecls, BaseField):
-            self.error('DictField only accepts dict values')
         kwargs.setdefault('default', lambda: {})
         super(DictField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 
@@ -913,7 +975,7 @@ class DictField(ComplexBaseField):
         super(DictField, self).validate(value)
 
     def lookup_member(self, member_name):
-        return DictField(basecls=self.basecls, db_field=member_name)
+        return DictField(db_field=member_name)
 
     def prepare_query_value(self, op, value):
         match_operators = ['contains', 'icontains', 'startswith',
@@ -943,6 +1005,7 @@ class MapField(DictField):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, field=None, *args, **kwargs):
+        # XXX ValidationError raised outside of the "validate" method.
         if not isinstance(field, BaseField):
             self.error('Argument to MapField constructor must be a valid '
                        'field')
@@ -953,6 +1016,15 @@ class ReferenceField(BaseField):
     """A reference to a document that will be automatically dereferenced on
     access (lazily).
 
+    Note this means you will get a database I/O access everytime you access
+    this field. This is necessary because the field returns a :class:`~mongoengine.Document`
+    which precise type can depend of the value of the `_cls` field present in the
+    document in database.
+    In short, using this type of field can lead to poor performances (especially
+    if you access this field only to retrieve it `pk` field which is already
+    known before dereference). To solve this you should consider using the
+    :class:`~mongoengine.fields.LazyReferenceField`.
+
     Use the `reverse_delete_rule` to handle what should happen if the document
     the field is referencing is deleted.  EmbeddedDocuments, DictFields and
     MapFields does not support reverse_delete_rule and an `InvalidDocumentError`
@@ -971,11 +1043,13 @@ class ReferenceField(BaseField):
 
     .. code-block:: python
 
-        class Bar(Document):
+        class Org(Document):
-            content = StringField()
+            owner = ReferenceField('User')
-            foo = ReferenceField('Foo')
 
-        Foo.register_delete_rule(Bar, 'foo', NULLIFY)
+        class User(Document):
+            org = ReferenceField('Org', reverse_delete_rule=CASCADE)
+
+        User.register_delete_rule(Org, 'owner', DENY)
 
     .. versionchanged:: 0.5 added `reverse_delete_rule`
     """
@@ -993,6 +1067,7 @@ class ReferenceField(BaseField):
             A reference to an abstract document type is always stored as a
             :class:`~pymongo.dbref.DBRef`, regardless of the value of `dbref`.
         """
+        # XXX ValidationError raised outside of the "validate" method.
         if (
             not isinstance(document_type, six.string_types) and
             not issubclass(document_type, Document)
@@ -1047,6 +1122,8 @@ class ReferenceField(BaseField):
         if isinstance(document, Document):
             # We need the id from the saved object to create the DBRef
             id_ = document.pk
+
+            # XXX ValidationError raised outside of the "validate" method.
             if id_ is None:
                 self.error('You can only reference documents once they have'
                            ' been saved to the database')
@@ -1086,19 +1163,20 @@ class ReferenceField(BaseField):
         return self.to_mongo(value)
 
     def validate(self, value):
-
+        if not isinstance(value, (self.document_type, LazyReference, DBRef, ObjectId)):
-        if not isinstance(value, (self.document_type, DBRef, ObjectId)):
+            self.error('A ReferenceField only accepts DBRef, LazyReference, ObjectId or documents')
-            self.error('A ReferenceField only accepts DBRef, ObjectId or documents')
 
         if isinstance(value, Document) and value.id is None:
             self.error('You can only reference documents once they have been '
                        'saved to the database')
 
-        if self.document_type._meta.get('abstract') and \
+        if (
-                not isinstance(value, self.document_type):
+            self.document_type._meta.get('abstract') and
+            not isinstance(value, self.document_type)
+        ):
             self.error(
                 '%s is not an instance of abstract reference type %s' % (
-                    self.document_type._class_name)
+                    value, self.document_type._class_name)
             )
 
     def lookup_member(self, member_name):
@@ -1121,6 +1199,7 @@ class CachedReferenceField(BaseField):
         if fields is None:
             fields = []
 
+        # XXX ValidationError raised outside of the "validate" method.
         if (
             not isinstance(document_type, six.string_types) and
             not issubclass(document_type, Document)
@@ -1195,6 +1274,7 @@ class CachedReferenceField(BaseField):
         id_field_name = self.document_type._meta['id_field']
         id_field = self.document_type._fields[id_field_name]
 
+        # XXX ValidationError raised outside of the "validate" method.
         if isinstance(document, Document):
             # We need the id from the saved object to create the DBRef
             id_ = document.pk
@@ -1203,7 +1283,6 @@ class CachedReferenceField(BaseField):
                            ' been saved to the database')
         else:
             self.error('Only accept a document object')
-            # TODO: should raise here or will fail next statement
 
         value = SON((
             ('_id', id_field.to_mongo(id_)),
@@ -1221,16 +1300,20 @@ class CachedReferenceField(BaseField):
         if value is None:
             return None
 
+        # XXX ValidationError raised outside of the "validate" method.
         if isinstance(value, Document):
             if value.pk is None:
                 self.error('You can only reference documents once they have'
                            ' been saved to the database')
-            return {'_id': value.pk}
+            value_dict = {'_id': value.pk}
+            for field in self.fields:
+                value_dict.update({field: value[field]})
+
+            return value_dict
 
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     def validate(self, value):
-
         if not isinstance(value, self.document_type):
             self.error('A CachedReferenceField only accepts documents')
 
@@ -1263,6 +1346,12 @@ class GenericReferenceField(BaseField):
     """A reference to *any* :class:`~mongoengine.document.Document` subclass
     that will be automatically dereferenced on access (lazily).
 
+    Note this field works the same way as :class:`~mongoengine.document.ReferenceField`,
+    doing database I/O access the first time it is accessed (even if it's to access
+    it ``pk`` or ``id`` field).
+    To solve this you should consider using the
+    :class:`~mongoengine.fields.GenericLazyReferenceField`.
+
     .. note ::
         * Any documents used as a generic reference must be registered in the
           document registry.  Importing the model will automatically register
@@ -1285,6 +1374,8 @@ class GenericReferenceField(BaseField):
                 elif isinstance(choice, type) and issubclass(choice, Document):
                     self.choices.append(choice._class_name)
                 else:
+                    # XXX ValidationError raised outside of the "validate"
+                    # method.
                     self.error('Invalid choices provided: must be a list of'
                                'Document subclasses and/or six.string_typess')
 
@@ -1348,6 +1439,7 @@ class GenericReferenceField(BaseField):
             # We need the id from the saved object to create the DBRef
             id_ = document.id
             if id_ is None:
+                # XXX ValidationError raised outside of the "validate" method.
                 self.error('You can only reference documents once they have'
                            ' been saved to the database')
         else:
@@ -1453,9 +1545,9 @@ class GridFSProxy(object):
         return '<%s: %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.grid_id)
 
     def __str__(self):
-        name = getattr(
+        gridout = self.get()
-            self.get(), 'filename', self.grid_id) if self.get() else '(no file)'
+        filename = getattr(gridout, 'filename') if gridout else '<no file>'
-        return '<%s: %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, name)
+        return '<%s: %s (%s)>' % (self.__class__.__name__, filename, self.grid_id)
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
         if isinstance(other, GridFSProxy):
@@ -1465,6 +1557,9 @@ class GridFSProxy(object):
         else:
             return False
 
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self == other
+
     @property
     def fs(self):
         if not self._fs:
@@ -2138,3 +2233,201 @@ class MultiPolygonField(GeoJsonBaseField):
     .. versionadded:: 0.9
     """
     _type = 'MultiPolygon'
+
+
+class LazyReferenceField(BaseField):
+    """A really lazy reference to a document.
+    Unlike the :class:`~mongoengine.fields.ReferenceField` it will
+    **not** be automatically (lazily) dereferenced on access.
+    Instead, access will return a :class:`~mongoengine.base.LazyReference` class
+    instance, allowing access to `pk` or manual dereference by using
+    ``fetch()`` method.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.15
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, document_type, passthrough=False, dbref=False,
+                 reverse_delete_rule=DO_NOTHING, **kwargs):
+        """Initialises the Reference Field.
+
+        :param dbref:  Store the reference as :class:`~pymongo.dbref.DBRef`
+          or as the :class:`~pymongo.objectid.ObjectId`.id .
+        :param reverse_delete_rule: Determines what to do when the referring
+          object is deleted
+        :param passthrough: When trying to access unknown fields, the
+        :class:`~mongoengine.base.datastructure.LazyReference` instance will
+        automatically call `fetch()` and try to retrive the field on the fetched
+        document. Note this only work getting field (not setting or deleting).
+        """
+        # XXX ValidationError raised outside of the "validate" method.
+        if (
+            not isinstance(document_type, six.string_types) and
+            not issubclass(document_type, Document)
+        ):
+            self.error('Argument to LazyReferenceField constructor must be a '
+                       'document class or a string')
+
+        self.dbref = dbref
+        self.passthrough = passthrough
+        self.document_type_obj = document_type
+        self.reverse_delete_rule = reverse_delete_rule
+        super(LazyReferenceField, self).__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    @property
+    def document_type(self):
+        if isinstance(self.document_type_obj, six.string_types):
+            if self.document_type_obj == RECURSIVE_REFERENCE_CONSTANT:
+                self.document_type_obj = self.owner_document
+            else:
+                self.document_type_obj = get_document(self.document_type_obj)
+        return self.document_type_obj
+
+    def build_lazyref(self, value):
+        if isinstance(value, LazyReference):
+            if value.passthrough != self.passthrough:
+                value = LazyReference(value.document_type, value.pk, passthrough=self.passthrough)
+        elif value is not None:
+            if isinstance(value, self.document_type):
+                value = LazyReference(self.document_type, value.pk, passthrough=self.passthrough)
+            elif isinstance(value, DBRef):
+                value = LazyReference(self.document_type, value.id, passthrough=self.passthrough)
+            else:
+                # value is the primary key of the referenced document
+                value = LazyReference(self.document_type, value, passthrough=self.passthrough)
+        return value
+
+    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
+        """Descriptor to allow lazy dereferencing."""
+        if instance is None:
+            # Document class being used rather than a document object
+            return self
+
+        value = self.build_lazyref(instance._data.get(self.name))
+        if value:
+            instance._data[self.name] = value
+
+        return super(LazyReferenceField, self).__get__(instance, owner)
+
+    def to_mongo(self, value):
+        if isinstance(value, LazyReference):
+            pk = value.pk
+        elif isinstance(value, self.document_type):
+            pk = value.pk
+        elif isinstance(value, DBRef):
+            pk = value.id
+        else:
+            # value is the primary key of the referenced document
+            pk = value
+        id_field_name = self.document_type._meta['id_field']
+        id_field = self.document_type._fields[id_field_name]
+        pk = id_field.to_mongo(pk)
+        if self.dbref:
+            return DBRef(self.document_type._get_collection_name(), pk)
+        else:
+            return pk
+
+    def validate(self, value):
+        if isinstance(value, LazyReference):
+            if value.collection != self.document_type._get_collection_name():
+                self.error('Reference must be on a `%s` document.' % self.document_type)
+            pk = value.pk
+        elif isinstance(value, self.document_type):
+            pk = value.pk
+        elif isinstance(value, DBRef):
+            # TODO: check collection ?
+            collection = self.document_type._get_collection_name()
+            if value.collection != collection:
+                self.error("DBRef on bad collection (must be on `%s`)" % collection)
+            pk = value.id
+        else:
+            # value is the primary key of the referenced document
+            id_field_name = self.document_type._meta['id_field']
+            id_field = getattr(self.document_type, id_field_name)
+            pk = value
+            try:
+                id_field.validate(pk)
+            except ValidationError:
+                self.error(
+                    "value should be `{0}` document, LazyReference or DBRef on `{0}` "
+                    "or `{0}`'s primary key (i.e. `{1}`)".format(
+                        self.document_type.__name__, type(id_field).__name__))
+
+        if pk is None:
+            self.error('You can only reference documents once they have been '
+                       'saved to the database')
+
+    def prepare_query_value(self, op, value):
+        if value is None:
+            return None
+        super(LazyReferenceField, self).prepare_query_value(op, value)
+        return self.to_mongo(value)
+
+    def lookup_member(self, member_name):
+        return self.document_type._fields.get(member_name)
+
+
+class GenericLazyReferenceField(GenericReferenceField):
+    """A reference to *any* :class:`~mongoengine.document.Document` subclass.
+    Unlike the :class:`~mongoengine.fields.GenericReferenceField` it will
+    **not** be automatically (lazily) dereferenced on access.
+    Instead, access will return a :class:`~mongoengine.base.LazyReference` class
+    instance, allowing access to `pk` or manual dereference by using
+    ``fetch()`` method.
+
+    .. note ::
+        * Any documents used as a generic reference must be registered in the
+          document registry.  Importing the model will automatically register
+          it.
+
+        * You can use the choices param to limit the acceptable Document types
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.15
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.passthrough = kwargs.pop('passthrough', False)
+        super(GenericLazyReferenceField, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def _validate_choices(self, value):
+        if isinstance(value, LazyReference):
+            value = value.document_type._class_name
+        super(GenericLazyReferenceField, self)._validate_choices(value)
+
+    def build_lazyref(self, value):
+        if isinstance(value, LazyReference):
+            if value.passthrough != self.passthrough:
+                value = LazyReference(value.document_type, value.pk, passthrough=self.passthrough)
+        elif value is not None:
+            if isinstance(value, (dict, SON)):
+                value = LazyReference(get_document(value['_cls']), value['_ref'].id, passthrough=self.passthrough)
+            elif isinstance(value, Document):
+                value = LazyReference(type(value), value.pk, passthrough=self.passthrough)
+        return value
+
+    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
+        if instance is None:
+            return self
+
+        value = self.build_lazyref(instance._data.get(self.name))
+        if value:
+            instance._data[self.name] = value
+
+        return super(GenericLazyReferenceField, self).__get__(instance, owner)
+
+    def validate(self, value):
+        if isinstance(value, LazyReference) and value.pk is None:
+            self.error('You can only reference documents once they have been'
+                       ' saved to the database')
+        return super(GenericLazyReferenceField, self).validate(value)
+
+    def to_mongo(self, document):
+        if document is None:
+            return None
+
+        if isinstance(document, LazyReference):
+            return SON((
+                ('_cls', document.document_type._class_name),
+                ('_ref', DBRef(document.document_type._get_collection_name(), document.pk))
+            ))
+        else:
+            return super(GenericLazyReferenceField, self).to_mongo(document)

mongoengine/python_support.py

@@ -6,11 +6,7 @@ import pymongo
 import six
 
 
-if pymongo.version_tuple[0] < 3:
+IS_PYMONGO_3 = pymongo.version_tuple[0] >= 3
-    IS_PYMONGO_3 = False
-else:
-    IS_PYMONGO_3 = True
-
 
 # six.BytesIO resolves to StringIO.StringIO in Py2 and io.BytesIO in Py3.
 StringIO = six.BytesIO

mongoengine/queryset/base.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ from mongoengine import signals
 from mongoengine.base import get_document
 from mongoengine.common import _import_class
 from mongoengine.connection import get_db
-from mongoengine.context_managers import switch_db
+from mongoengine.context_managers import set_write_concern, switch_db
 from mongoengine.errors import (InvalidQueryError, LookUpError,
                                 NotUniqueError, OperationError)
 from mongoengine.python_support import IS_PYMONGO_3
@@ -350,11 +350,24 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
                                      documents=docs, **signal_kwargs)
 
         raw = [doc.to_mongo() for doc in docs]
+
+        with set_write_concern(self._collection, write_concern) as collection:
+            insert_func = collection.insert_many
+            if return_one:
+                raw = raw[0]
+                insert_func = collection.insert_one
+
         try:
-            ids = self._collection.insert(raw, **write_concern)
+            inserted_result = insert_func(raw)
+            ids = return_one and [inserted_result.inserted_id] or inserted_result.inserted_ids
         except pymongo.errors.DuplicateKeyError as err:
             message = 'Could not save document (%s)'
             raise NotUniqueError(message % six.text_type(err))
+        except pymongo.errors.BulkWriteError as err:
+            # inserting documents that already have an _id field will
+            # give huge performance debt or raise
+            message = u'Document must not have _id value before bulk write (%s)'
+            raise NotUniqueError(message % six.text_type(err))
         except pymongo.errors.OperationFailure as err:
             message = 'Could not save document (%s)'
             if re.match('^E1100[01] duplicate key', six.text_type(err)):
@@ -368,7 +381,6 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
             signals.post_bulk_insert.send(
                 self._document, documents=docs, loaded=False, **signal_kwargs)
             return return_one and ids[0] or ids
-
         documents = self.in_bulk(ids)
         results = []
         for obj_id in ids:
@@ -486,8 +498,9 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
             ``save(..., write_concern={w: 2, fsync: True}, ...)`` will
             wait until at least two servers have recorded the write and
             will force an fsync on the primary server.
-        :param full_result: Return the full result rather than just the number
+        :param full_result: Return the full result dictionary rather than just the number
-            updated.
+            updated, e.g. return
+            ``{'n': 2, 'nModified': 2, 'ok': 1.0, 'updatedExisting': True}``.
         :param update: Django-style update keyword arguments
 
         .. versionadded:: 0.2
@@ -510,12 +523,15 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
             else:
                 update['$set'] = {'_cls': queryset._document._class_name}
         try:
-            result = queryset._collection.update(query, update, multi=multi,
+            with set_write_concern(queryset._collection, write_concern) as collection:
-                                                 upsert=upsert, **write_concern)
+                update_func = collection.update_one
+                if multi:
+                    update_func = collection.update_many
+                result = update_func(query, update, upsert=upsert)
             if full_result:
                 return result
-            elif result:
+            elif result.raw_result:
-                return result['n']
+                return result.raw_result['n']
         except pymongo.errors.DuplicateKeyError as err:
             raise NotUniqueError(u'Update failed (%s)' % six.text_type(err))
         except pymongo.errors.OperationFailure as err:
@@ -544,10 +560,10 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
                                     write_concern=write_concern,
                                     full_result=True, **update)
 
-        if atomic_update['updatedExisting']:
+        if atomic_update.raw_result['updatedExisting']:
             document = self.get()
         else:
-            document = self._document.objects.with_id(atomic_update['upserted'])
+            document = self._document.objects.with_id(atomic_update.upserted_id)
         return document
 
     def update_one(self, upsert=False, write_concern=None, **update):
@@ -1183,6 +1199,10 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
 
         pipeline = initial_pipeline + list(pipeline)
 
+        if IS_PYMONGO_3 and self._read_preference is not None:
+            return self._collection.with_options(read_preference=self._read_preference) \
+                       .aggregate(pipeline, cursor={}, **kwargs)
+
         return self._collection.aggregate(pipeline, cursor={}, **kwargs)
 
     # JS functionality
@@ -1579,6 +1599,9 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
         if self._batch_size is not None:
             self._cursor_obj.batch_size(self._batch_size)
 
+        if self._comment is not None:
+            self._cursor_obj.comment(self._comment)
+
         return self._cursor_obj
 
     def __deepcopy__(self, memo):

mongoengine/queryset/queryset.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import six
+
 from mongoengine.errors import OperationError
 from mongoengine.queryset.base import (BaseQuerySet, CASCADE, DENY, DO_NOTHING,
                                        NULLIFY, PULL)
@@ -87,10 +89,10 @@ class QuerySet(BaseQuerySet):
                 yield self._result_cache[pos]
                 pos += 1
 
-            # Raise StopIteration if we already established there were no more
+            # return if we already established there were no more
             # docs in the db cursor.
             if not self._has_more:
-                raise StopIteration
+                return
 
             # Otherwise, populate more of the cache and repeat.
             if len(self._result_cache) <= pos:
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@ class QuerySet(BaseQuerySet):
         # Pull in ITER_CHUNK_SIZE docs from the database and store them in
         # the result cache.
         try:
-            for _ in xrange(ITER_CHUNK_SIZE):
+            for _ in six.moves.range(ITER_CHUNK_SIZE):
                 self._result_cache.append(self.next())
         except StopIteration:
             # Getting this exception means there are no more docs in the
@@ -166,7 +168,7 @@ class QuerySetNoCache(BaseQuerySet):
             return '.. queryset mid-iteration ..'
 
         data = []
-        for _ in xrange(REPR_OUTPUT_SIZE + 1):
+        for _ in six.moves.range(REPR_OUTPUT_SIZE + 1):
             try:
                 data.append(self.next())
             except StopIteration:

mongoengine/queryset/transform.py

@@ -101,21 +101,8 @@ def query(_doc_cls=None, **kwargs):
                         value = value['_id']
 
             elif op in ('in', 'nin', 'all', 'near') and not isinstance(value, dict):
-                # Raise an error if the in/nin/all/near param is not iterable. We need a
+                # Raise an error if the in/nin/all/near param is not iterable.
-                # special check for BaseDocument, because - although it's iterable - using
+                value = _prepare_query_for_iterable(field, op, value)
-                # it as such in the context of this method is most definitely a mistake.
-                BaseDocument = _import_class('BaseDocument')
-                if isinstance(value, BaseDocument):
-                    raise TypeError("When using the `in`, `nin`, `all`, or "
-                                    "`near`-operators you can\'t use a "
-                                    "`Document`, you must wrap your object "
-                                    "in a list (object -> [object]).")
-                elif not hasattr(value, '__iter__'):
-                    raise TypeError("The `in`, `nin`, `all`, or "
-                                    "`near`-operators must be applied to an "
-                                    "iterable (e.g. a list).")
-                else:
-                    value = [field.prepare_query_value(op, v) for v in value]
 
             # If we're querying a GenericReferenceField, we need to alter the
             # key depending on the value:
@@ -160,7 +147,7 @@ def query(_doc_cls=None, **kwargs):
         if op is None or key not in mongo_query:
             mongo_query[key] = value
         elif key in mongo_query:
-            if isinstance(mongo_query[key], dict):
+            if isinstance(mongo_query[key], dict) and isinstance(value, dict):
                 mongo_query[key].update(value)
                 # $max/minDistance needs to come last - convert to SON
                 value_dict = mongo_query[key]
@@ -214,30 +201,37 @@ def update(_doc_cls=None, **update):
     format.
     """
     mongo_update = {}
+
     for key, value in update.items():
         if key == '__raw__':
             mongo_update.update(value)
             continue
+
         parts = key.split('__')
+
         # if there is no operator, default to 'set'
         if len(parts) < 3 and parts[0] not in UPDATE_OPERATORS:
             parts.insert(0, 'set')
+
         # Check for an operator and transform to mongo-style if there is
         op = None
         if parts[0] in UPDATE_OPERATORS:
             op = parts.pop(0)
             # Convert Pythonic names to Mongo equivalents
-            if op in ('push_all', 'pull_all'):
+            operator_map = {
-                op = op.replace('_all', 'All')
+                'push_all': 'pushAll',
-            elif op == 'dec':
+                'pull_all': 'pullAll',
+                'dec': 'inc',
+                'add_to_set': 'addToSet',
+                'set_on_insert': 'setOnInsert'
+            }
+            if op == 'dec':
                 # Support decrement by flipping a positive value's sign
                 # and using 'inc'
-                op = 'inc'
                 value = -value
-            elif op == 'add_to_set':
+            # If the operator doesn't found from operator map, the op value
-                op = 'addToSet'
+            # will stay unchanged
-            elif op == 'set_on_insert':
+            op = operator_map.get(op, op)
-                op = 'setOnInsert'
 
         match = None
         if parts[-1] in COMPARISON_OPERATORS:
@@ -284,9 +278,15 @@ def update(_doc_cls=None, **update):
             if isinstance(field, GeoJsonBaseField):
                 value = field.to_mongo(value)
 
-            if op == 'push' and isinstance(value, (list, tuple, set)):
+            if op == 'pull':
+                if field.required or value is not None:
+                    if match == 'in' and not isinstance(value, dict):
+                        value = _prepare_query_for_iterable(field, op, value)
+                    else:
+                        value = field.prepare_query_value(op, value)
+            elif op == 'push' and isinstance(value, (list, tuple, set)):
                 value = [field.prepare_query_value(op, v) for v in value]
-            elif op in (None, 'set', 'push', 'pull'):
+            elif op in (None, 'set', 'push'):
                 if field.required or value is not None:
                     value = field.prepare_query_value(op, value)
             elif op in ('pushAll', 'pullAll'):
@@ -298,6 +298,8 @@ def update(_doc_cls=None, **update):
                     value = field.prepare_query_value(op, value)
             elif op == 'unset':
                 value = 1
+            elif op == 'inc':
+                value = field.prepare_query_value(op, value)
 
         if match:
             match = '$' + match
@@ -321,11 +323,17 @@ def update(_doc_cls=None, **update):
             field_classes = [c.__class__ for c in cleaned_fields]
             field_classes.reverse()
             ListField = _import_class('ListField')
-            if ListField in field_classes:
+            EmbeddedDocumentListField = _import_class('EmbeddedDocumentListField')
-                # Join all fields via dot notation to the last ListField
+            if ListField in field_classes or EmbeddedDocumentListField in field_classes:
+                # Join all fields via dot notation to the last ListField or EmbeddedDocumentListField
                 # Then process as normal
+                if ListField in field_classes:
+                    _check_field = ListField
+                else:
+                    _check_field = EmbeddedDocumentListField
+
                 last_listField = len(
-                    cleaned_fields) - field_classes.index(ListField)
+                    cleaned_fields) - field_classes.index(_check_field)
                 key = '.'.join(parts[:last_listField])
                 parts = parts[last_listField:]
                 parts.insert(0, key)
@@ -335,7 +343,7 @@ def update(_doc_cls=None, **update):
                 value = {key: value}
         elif op == 'addToSet' and isinstance(value, list):
             value = {key: {'$each': value}}
-        elif op == 'push':
+        elif op in ('push', 'pushAll'):
             if parts[-1].isdigit():
                 key = parts[0]
                 position = int(parts[-1])
@@ -344,7 +352,11 @@ def update(_doc_cls=None, **update):
                 if not isinstance(value, (set, tuple, list)):
                     value = [value]
                 value = {key: {'$each': value, '$position': position}}
-            elif isinstance(value, list):
+            else:
+                if op == 'pushAll':
+                    op = 'push'  # convert to non-deprecated keyword
+                    if not isinstance(value, (set, tuple, list)):
+                        value = [value]
                     value = {key: {'$each': value}}
                 else:
                     value = {key: value}
@@ -439,3 +451,22 @@ def _infer_geometry(value):
 
     raise InvalidQueryError('Invalid $geometry data. Can be either a '
                             'dictionary or (nested) lists of coordinate(s)')
+
+
+def _prepare_query_for_iterable(field, op, value):
+    # We need a special check for BaseDocument, because - although it's iterable - using
+    # it as such in the context of this method is most definitely a mistake.
+    BaseDocument = _import_class('BaseDocument')
+
+    if isinstance(value, BaseDocument):
+        raise TypeError("When using the `in`, `nin`, `all`, or "
+                        "`near`-operators you can\'t use a "
+                        "`Document`, you must wrap your object "
+                        "in a list (object -> [object]).")
+
+    if not hasattr(value, '__iter__'):
+        raise TypeError("The `in`, `nin`, `all`, or "
+                        "`near`-operators must be applied to an "
+                        "iterable (e.g. a list).")
+
+    return [field.prepare_query_value(op, v) for v in value]

setup.cfg

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 [nosetests]
 verbosity=2
 detailed-errors=1
-tests=tests
+#tests=tests
 cover-package=mongoengine
 
 [flake8]
-ignore=E501,F401,F403,F405,I201
+ignore=E501,F401,F403,F405,I201,I202
 exclude=build,dist,docs,venv,venv3,.tox,.eggs,tests
 max-complexity=47
 application-import-names=mongoengine,tests

setup.py

@@ -70,9 +70,9 @@ setup(
     name='mongoengine',
     version=VERSION,
     author='Harry Marr',
-    author_email='harry.marr@{nospam}gmail.com',
+    author_email='harry.marr@gmail.com',
-    maintainer="Ross Lawley",
+    maintainer="Stefan Wojcik",
-    maintainer_email="ross.lawley@{nospam}gmail.com",
+    maintainer_email="wojcikstefan@gmail.com",
     url='http://mongoengine.org/',
     download_url='https://github.com/MongoEngine/mongoengine/tarball/master',
     license='MIT',

tests/document/class_methods.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from mongoengine import *
 
 from mongoengine.queryset import NULLIFY, PULL
 from mongoengine.connection import get_db
+from tests.utils import needs_mongodb_v26
 
 __all__ = ("ClassMethodsTest", )
 
@@ -65,10 +66,10 @@ class ClassMethodsTest(unittest.TestCase):
         """
         collection_name = 'person'
         self.Person(name='Test').save()
-        self.assertTrue(collection_name in self.db.collection_names())
+        self.assertIn(collection_name,  self.db.collection_names())
 
         self.Person.drop_collection()
-        self.assertFalse(collection_name in self.db.collection_names())
+        self.assertNotIn(collection_name, self.db.collection_names())
 
     def test_register_delete_rule(self):
         """Ensure that register delete rule adds a delete rule to the document
@@ -187,6 +188,26 @@ class ClassMethodsTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(BlogPostWithTags.compare_indexes(), { 'missing': [], 'extra': [] })
         self.assertEqual(BlogPostWithCustomField.compare_indexes(), { 'missing': [], 'extra': [] })
 
+    @needs_mongodb_v26
+    def test_compare_indexes_for_text_indexes(self):
+        """ Ensure that compare_indexes behaves correctly for text indexes """
+
+        class Doc(Document):
+            a = StringField()
+            b = StringField()
+            meta = {'indexes': [
+                {'fields': ['$a', "$b"],
+                 'default_language': 'english',
+                 'weights': {'a': 10, 'b': 2}
+                }
+            ]}
+
+        Doc.drop_collection()
+        Doc.ensure_indexes()
+        actual = Doc.compare_indexes()
+        expected = {'missing': [], 'extra': []}
+        self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
+
     def test_list_indexes_inheritance(self):
         """ ensure that all of the indexes are listed regardless of the super-
         or sub-class that we call it from
@@ -319,7 +340,7 @@ class ClassMethodsTest(unittest.TestCase):
             meta = {'collection': collection_name}
 
         Person(name="Test User").save()
-        self.assertTrue(collection_name in self.db.collection_names())
+        self.assertIn(collection_name, self.db.collection_names())
 
         user_obj = self.db[collection_name].find_one()
         self.assertEqual(user_obj['name'], "Test User")
@@ -328,7 +349,7 @@ class ClassMethodsTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(user_obj.name, "Test User")
 
         Person.drop_collection()
-        self.assertFalse(collection_name in self.db.collection_names())
+        self.assertNotIn(collection_name, self.db.collection_names())
 
     def test_collection_name_and_primary(self):
         """Ensure that a collection with a specified name may be used.

tests/document/delta.py

@@ -694,7 +694,7 @@ class DeltaTest(unittest.TestCase):
         organization.employees.append(person)
         updates, removals = organization._delta()
         self.assertEqual({}, removals)
-        self.assertTrue('employees' in updates)
+        self.assertIn('employees', updates)
 
     def test_delta_with_dbref_false(self):
         person, organization, employee = self.circular_reference_deltas_2(Document, Document, False)
@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ class DeltaTest(unittest.TestCase):
         organization.employees.append(person)
         updates, removals = organization._delta()
         self.assertEqual({}, removals)
-        self.assertTrue('employees' in updates)
+        self.assertIn('employees', updates)
 
     def test_nested_nested_fields_mark_as_changed(self):
         class EmbeddedDoc(EmbeddedDocument):

tests/document/dynamic.py

@@ -174,8 +174,8 @@ class DynamicTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         Employee.drop_collection()
 
-        self.assertTrue('name' in Employee._fields)
+        self.assertIn('name', Employee._fields)
-        self.assertTrue('salary' in Employee._fields)
+        self.assertIn('salary', Employee._fields)
         self.assertEqual(Employee._get_collection_name(),
                          self.Person._get_collection_name())
 
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ class DynamicTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(1, Employee.objects(age=20).count())
 
         joe_bloggs = self.Person.objects.first()
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(joe_bloggs, Employee))
+        self.assertIsInstance(joe_bloggs, Employee)
 
     def test_embedded_dynamic_document(self):
         """Test dynamic embedded documents"""

tests/document/indexes.py

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(len(info), 4)
         info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
         for expected in expected_specs:
-            self.assertTrue(expected['fields'] in info)
+            self.assertIn(expected['fields'], info)
 
     def _index_test_inheritance(self, InheritFrom):
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(len(info), 4)
         info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
         for expected in expected_specs:
-            self.assertTrue(expected['fields'] in info)
+            self.assertIn(expected['fields'], info)
 
         class ExtendedBlogPost(BlogPost):
             title = StringField()
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         info = ExtendedBlogPost.objects._collection.index_information()
         info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
         for expected in expected_specs:
-            self.assertTrue(expected['fields'] in info)
+            self.assertIn(expected['fields'], info)
 
     def test_indexes_document_inheritance(self):
         """Ensure that indexes are used when meta[indexes] is specified for
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         list(Person.objects)
         info = Person.objects._collection.index_information()
         info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
-        self.assertTrue([('rank.title', 1)] in info)
+        self.assertIn([('rank.title', 1)], info)
 
     def test_explicit_geo2d_index(self):
         """Ensure that geo2d indexes work when created via meta[indexes]
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         Place.ensure_indexes()
         info = Place._get_collection().index_information()
         info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
-        self.assertTrue([('location.point', '2d')] in info)
+        self.assertIn([('location.point', '2d')], info)
 
     def test_explicit_geo2d_index_embedded(self):
         """Ensure that geo2d indexes work when created via meta[indexes]
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         Place.ensure_indexes()
         info = Place._get_collection().index_information()
         info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
-        self.assertTrue([('current.location.point', '2d')] in info)
+        self.assertIn([('current.location.point', '2d')], info)
 
     def test_explicit_geosphere_index(self):
         """Ensure that geosphere indexes work when created via meta[indexes]
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         Place.ensure_indexes()
         info = Place._get_collection().index_information()
         info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
-        self.assertTrue([('location.point', '2dsphere')] in info)
+        self.assertIn([('location.point', '2dsphere')], info)
 
     def test_explicit_geohaystack_index(self):
         """Ensure that geohaystack indexes work when created via meta[indexes]
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         Place.ensure_indexes()
         info = Place._get_collection().index_information()
         info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
-        self.assertTrue([('location.point', 'geoHaystack')] in info)
+        self.assertIn([('location.point', 'geoHaystack')], info)
 
     def test_create_geohaystack_index(self):
         """Ensure that geohaystack indexes can be created
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         Place.create_index({'fields': (')location.point', 'name')}, bucketSize=10)
         info = Place._get_collection().index_information()
         info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
-        self.assertTrue([('location.point', 'geoHaystack'), ('name', 1)] in info)
+        self.assertIn([('location.point', 'geoHaystack'), ('name', 1)], info)
 
     def test_dictionary_indexes(self):
         """Ensure that indexes are used when meta[indexes] contains
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
                  value.get('unique', False),
                  value.get('sparse', False))
                 for key, value in info.iteritems()]
-        self.assertTrue(([('addDate', -1)], True, True) in info)
+        self.assertIn(([('addDate', -1)], True, True), info)
 
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
 
@@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         info = BlogPost.objects._collection.index_information()
         info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
         index_item = [('_id', 1), ('comments.comment_id', 1)]
-        self.assertTrue(index_item in info)
+        self.assertIn(index_item, info)
 
     def test_compound_key_embedded(self):
 
@@ -850,8 +850,8 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         info = MyDoc.objects._collection.index_information()
         info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
-        self.assertTrue([('provider_ids.foo', 1)] in info)
+        self.assertIn([('provider_ids.foo', 1)], info)
-        self.assertTrue([('provider_ids.bar', 1)] in info)
+        self.assertIn([('provider_ids.bar', 1)], info)
 
     def test_sparse_compound_indexes(self):
 
@@ -876,9 +876,9 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
             }
 
         indexes = Book.objects._collection.index_information()
-        self.assertTrue("title_text" in indexes)
+        self.assertIn("title_text", indexes)
         key = indexes["title_text"]["key"]
-        self.assertTrue(('_fts', 'text') in key)
+        self.assertIn(('_fts', 'text'), key)
 
     def test_hashed_indexes(self):
 
@@ -889,8 +889,8 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
             }
 
         indexes = Book.objects._collection.index_information()
-        self.assertTrue("ref_id_hashed" in indexes)
+        self.assertIn("ref_id_hashed", indexes)
-        self.assertTrue(('ref_id', 'hashed') in indexes["ref_id_hashed"]["key"])
+        self.assertIn(('ref_id', 'hashed'), indexes["ref_id_hashed"]["key"])
 
     def test_indexes_after_database_drop(self):
         """
@@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         TestDoc.ensure_indexes()
 
         index_info = TestDoc._get_collection().index_information()
-        self.assertTrue('shard_1_1__cls_1_txt_1_1' in index_info)
+        self.assertIn('shard_1_1__cls_1_txt_1_1', index_info)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':

tests/document/inheritance.py

@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ class InheritanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         collection = self.db[Animal._get_collection_name()]
         obj = collection.find_one()
-        self.assertFalse('_cls' in obj)
+        self.assertNotIn('_cls', obj)
 
     def test_cant_turn_off_inheritance_on_subclass(self):
         """Ensure if inheritance is on in a subclass you cant turn it off.
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ class InheritanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # Check that _cls isn't present in simple documents
         doc = Animal(name='dog')
-        self.assertFalse('_cls' in doc.to_mongo())
+        self.assertNotIn('_cls', doc.to_mongo())
 
     def test_abstract_handle_ids_in_metaclass_properly(self):
 
@@ -374,14 +374,14 @@ class InheritanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 pass
 
         doc = Comment(content='test')
-        self.assertFalse('_cls' in doc.to_mongo())
+        self.assertNotIn('_cls', doc.to_mongo())
 
         class Comment(EmbeddedDocument):
             content = StringField()
             meta = {'allow_inheritance': True}
 
         doc = Comment(content='test')
-        self.assertTrue('_cls' in doc.to_mongo())
+        self.assertIn('_cls', doc.to_mongo())
 
     def test_document_inheritance(self):
         """Ensure mutliple inheritance of abstract documents
@@ -434,8 +434,8 @@ class InheritanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
             for cls in [Animal, Fish, Guppy]:
                 self.assertEqual(cls._meta[k], v)
 
-        self.assertFalse('collection' in Animal._meta)
+        self.assertNotIn('collection', Animal._meta)
-        self.assertFalse('collection' in Mammal._meta)
+        self.assertNotIn('collection', Mammal._meta)
 
         self.assertEqual(Animal._get_collection_name(), None)
         self.assertEqual(Mammal._get_collection_name(), None)

tests/document/instance.py

@@ -8,9 +8,12 @@ import weakref
 
 from datetime import datetime
 from bson import DBRef, ObjectId
+from pymongo.errors import DuplicateKeyError
+
 from tests import fixtures
 from tests.fixtures import (PickleEmbedded, PickleTest, PickleSignalsTest,
                             PickleDynamicEmbedded, PickleDynamicTest)
+from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
 
 from mongoengine import *
 from mongoengine.base import get_document, _document_registry
@@ -30,12 +33,9 @@ TEST_IMAGE_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),
 __all__ = ("InstanceTest",)
 
 
-class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class InstanceTest(MongoDBTestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
-        connect(db='mongoenginetest')
-        self.db = get_db()
-
         class Job(EmbeddedDocument):
             name = StringField()
             years = IntField()
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         user_son = User.objects._collection.find_one()
         self.assertEqual(user_son['_id'], 'test')
-        self.assertTrue('username' not in user_son['_id'])
+        self.assertNotIn('username', user_son['_id'])
 
         User.drop_collection()
 
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         user_son = User.objects._collection.find_one()
         self.assertEqual(user_son['_id'], 'mongo')
-        self.assertTrue('username' not in user_son['_id'])
+        self.assertNotIn('username', user_son['_id'])
 
     def test_document_not_registered(self):
         class Place(Document):
@@ -476,6 +476,24 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         doc.save()
         doc.reload()
 
+    def test_reload_with_changed_fields(self):
+        """Ensures reloading will not affect changed fields"""
+        class User(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            number = IntField()
+        User.drop_collection()
+
+        user = User(name="Bob", number=1).save()
+        user.name = "John"
+        user.number = 2
+
+        self.assertEqual(user._get_changed_fields(), ['name', 'number'])
+        user.reload('number')
+        self.assertEqual(user._get_changed_fields(), ['name'])
+        user.save()
+        user.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(user.name, "John")
+
     def test_reload_referencing(self):
         """Ensures reloading updates weakrefs correctly."""
         class Embedded(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -521,7 +539,7 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         doc.save()
         doc.dict_field['extra'] = 1
         doc = doc.reload(10, 'list_field')
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), [])
+        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['dict_field.extra'])
         self.assertEqual(len(doc.list_field), 5)
         self.assertEqual(len(doc.dict_field), 3)
         self.assertEqual(len(doc.embedded_field.list_field), 4)
@@ -532,21 +550,14 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
             pass
 
         f = Foo()
-        try:
+        with self.assertRaises(Foo.DoesNotExist):
             f.reload()
-        except Foo.DoesNotExist:
-            pass
-        except Exception:
-            self.assertFalse("Threw wrong exception")
 
         f.save()
         f.delete()
-        try:
+
+        with self.assertRaises(Foo.DoesNotExist):
             f.reload()
-        except Foo.DoesNotExist:
-            pass
-        except Exception:
-            self.assertFalse("Threw wrong exception")
 
     def test_reload_of_non_strict_with_special_field_name(self):
         """Ensures reloading works for documents with meta strict == False."""
@@ -583,10 +594,10 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         # Length = length(assigned fields + id)
         self.assertEqual(len(person), 5)
 
-        self.assertTrue('age' in person)
+        self.assertIn('age', person)
         person.age = None
-        self.assertFalse('age' in person)
+        self.assertNotIn('age', person)
-        self.assertFalse('nationality' in person)
+        self.assertNotIn('nationality', person)
 
     def test_embedded_document_to_mongo(self):
         class Person(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -616,8 +627,8 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         class Comment(EmbeddedDocument):
             content = StringField()
 
-        self.assertTrue('content' in Comment._fields)
+        self.assertIn('content', Comment._fields)
-        self.assertFalse('id' in Comment._fields)
+        self.assertNotIn('id', Comment._fields)
 
     def test_embedded_document_instance(self):
         """Ensure that embedded documents can reference parent instance."""
@@ -716,12 +727,12 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         t = TestDocument(status="draft", pub_date=datetime.now())
 
-        try:
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError) as cm:
             t.save()
-        except ValidationError as e:
+
-            expect_msg = "Draft entries may not have a publication date."
+        expected_msg = "Draft entries may not have a publication date."
-            self.assertTrue(expect_msg in e.message)
+        self.assertIn(expected_msg, cm.exception.message)
-            self.assertEqual(e.to_dict(), {'__all__': expect_msg})
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.to_dict(), {'__all__': expected_msg})
 
         t = TestDocument(status="published")
         t.save(clean=False)
@@ -755,12 +766,13 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         TestDocument.drop_collection()
 
         t = TestDocument(doc=TestEmbeddedDocument(x=10, y=25, z=15))
-        try:
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError) as cm:
             t.save()
-        except ValidationError as e:
+
-            expect_msg = "Value of z != x + y"
+        expected_msg = "Value of z != x + y"
-            self.assertTrue(expect_msg in e.message)
+        self.assertIn(expected_msg, cm.exception.message)
-            self.assertEqual(e.to_dict(), {'doc': {'__all__': expect_msg}})
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.to_dict(), {'doc': {'__all__': expected_msg}})
 
         t = TestDocument(doc=TestEmbeddedDocument(x=10, y=25)).save()
         self.assertEqual(t.doc.z, 35)
@@ -1341,6 +1353,23 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         site = Site.objects.first()
         self.assertEqual(site.page.log_message, "Error: Dummy message")
 
+    def test_update_list_field(self):
+        """Test update on `ListField` with $pull + $in.
+        """
+        class Doc(Document):
+            foo = ListField(StringField())
+
+        Doc.drop_collection()
+        doc = Doc(foo=['a', 'b', 'c'])
+        doc.save()
+
+        # Update
+        doc = Doc.objects.first()
+        doc.update(pull__foo__in=['a', 'c'])
+
+        doc = Doc.objects.first()
+        self.assertEqual(doc.foo, ['b'])
+
     def test_embedded_update_db_field(self):
         """Test update on `EmbeddedDocumentField` fields when db_field
         is other than default.
@@ -1426,9 +1455,9 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         user = User.objects.first()
         # Even if stored as ObjectId's internally mongoengine uses DBRefs
         # As ObjectId's aren't automatically derefenced
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(user._data['orgs'][0], DBRef))
+        self.assertIsInstance(user._data['orgs'][0], DBRef)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(user.orgs[0], Organization))
+        self.assertIsInstance(user.orgs[0], Organization)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(user._data['orgs'][0], Organization))
+        self.assertIsInstance(user._data['orgs'][0], Organization)
 
         # Changing a value
         with query_counter() as q:
@@ -1808,9 +1837,8 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         post_obj = BlogPost.objects.first()
 
         # Test laziness
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(post_obj._data['author'],
+        self.assertIsInstance(post_obj._data['author'], bson.DBRef)
-                                   bson.DBRef))
+        self.assertIsInstance(post_obj.author, self.Person)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(post_obj.author, self.Person))
         self.assertEqual(post_obj.author.name, 'Test User')
 
         # Ensure that the dereferenced object may be changed and saved
@@ -1884,6 +1912,25 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         author.delete()
         self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects.count(), 0)
 
+    def test_reverse_delete_rule_pull(self):
+        """Ensure that a referenced document is also deleted with
+        pull.
+        """
+        class Record(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            children = ListField(ReferenceField('self', reverse_delete_rule=PULL))
+
+        Record.drop_collection()
+
+        parent_record = Record(name='parent').save()
+        child_record = Record(name='child').save()
+        parent_record.children.append(child_record)
+        parent_record.save()
+
+        child_record.delete()
+        self.assertEqual(Record.objects(name='parent').get().children, [])
+
+
     def test_reverse_delete_rule_with_custom_id_field(self):
         """Ensure that a referenced document with custom primary key
         is also deleted upon deletion.
@@ -2197,12 +2244,12 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         # Make sure docs are properly identified in a list (__eq__ is used
         # for the comparison).
         all_user_list = list(User.objects.all())
-        self.assertTrue(u1 in all_user_list)
+        self.assertIn(u1, all_user_list)
-        self.assertTrue(u2 in all_user_list)
+        self.assertIn(u2, all_user_list)
-        self.assertTrue(u3 in all_user_list)
+        self.assertIn(u3, all_user_list)
-        self.assertTrue(u4 not in all_user_list)  # New object
+        self.assertNotIn(u4, all_user_list)  # New object
-        self.assertTrue(b1 not in all_user_list)  # Other object
+        self.assertNotIn(b1, all_user_list)  # Other object
-        self.assertTrue(b2 not in all_user_list)  # Other object
+        self.assertNotIn(b2, all_user_list)  # Other object
 
         # Make sure docs can be used as keys in a dict (__hash__ is used
         # for hashing the docs).
@@ -2220,10 +2267,10 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         # Make sure docs are properly identified in a set (__hash__ is used
         # for hashing the docs).
         all_user_set = set(User.objects.all())
-        self.assertTrue(u1 in all_user_set)
+        self.assertIn(u1, all_user_set)
-        self.assertTrue(u4 not in all_user_set)
+        self.assertNotIn(u4, all_user_set)
-        self.assertTrue(b1 not in all_user_list)
+        self.assertNotIn(b1, all_user_list)
-        self.assertTrue(b2 not in all_user_list)
+        self.assertNotIn(b2, all_user_list)
 
         # Make sure duplicate docs aren't accepted in the set
         self.assertEqual(len(all_user_set), 3)
@@ -2924,7 +2971,7 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         Person(name="Harry Potter").save()
 
         person = Person.objects.first()
-        self.assertTrue('id' in person._data.keys())
+        self.assertIn('id', person._data.keys())
         self.assertEqual(person._data.get('id'), person.id)
 
     def test_complex_nesting_document_and_embedded_document(self):
@@ -3016,36 +3063,36 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         dbref2 = f._data['test2']
         obj2 = f.test2
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(dbref2, DBRef))
+        self.assertIsInstance(dbref2, DBRef)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(obj2, Test2))
+        self.assertIsInstance(obj2, Test2)
-        self.assertTrue(obj2.id == dbref2.id)
+        self.assertEqual(obj2.id, dbref2.id)
-        self.assertTrue(obj2 == dbref2)
+        self.assertEqual(obj2, dbref2)
-        self.assertTrue(dbref2 == obj2)
+        self.assertEqual(dbref2, obj2)
 
         dbref3 = f._data['test3']
         obj3 = f.test3
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(dbref3, DBRef))
+        self.assertIsInstance(dbref3, DBRef)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(obj3, Test3))
+        self.assertIsInstance(obj3, Test3)
-        self.assertTrue(obj3.id == dbref3.id)
+        self.assertEqual(obj3.id, dbref3.id)
-        self.assertTrue(obj3 == dbref3)
+        self.assertEqual(obj3, dbref3)
-        self.assertTrue(dbref3 == obj3)
+        self.assertEqual(dbref3, obj3)
 
-        self.assertTrue(obj2.id == obj3.id)
+        self.assertEqual(obj2.id, obj3.id)
-        self.assertTrue(dbref2.id == dbref3.id)
+        self.assertEqual(dbref2.id, dbref3.id)
-        self.assertFalse(dbref2 == dbref3)
+        self.assertNotEqual(dbref2, dbref3)
-        self.assertFalse(dbref3 == dbref2)
+        self.assertNotEqual(dbref3, dbref2)
-        self.assertTrue(dbref2 != dbref3)
+        self.assertNotEqual(dbref2, dbref3)
-        self.assertTrue(dbref3 != dbref2)
+        self.assertNotEqual(dbref3, dbref2)
 
-        self.assertFalse(obj2 == dbref3)
+        self.assertNotEqual(obj2, dbref3)
-        self.assertFalse(dbref3 == obj2)
+        self.assertNotEqual(dbref3, obj2)
-        self.assertTrue(obj2 != dbref3)
+        self.assertNotEqual(obj2, dbref3)
-        self.assertTrue(dbref3 != obj2)
+        self.assertNotEqual(dbref3, obj2)
 
-        self.assertFalse(obj3 == dbref2)
+        self.assertNotEqual(obj3, dbref2)
-        self.assertFalse(dbref2 == obj3)
+        self.assertNotEqual(dbref2, obj3)
-        self.assertTrue(obj3 != dbref2)
+        self.assertNotEqual(obj3, dbref2)
-        self.assertTrue(dbref2 != obj3)
+        self.assertNotEqual(dbref2, obj3)
 
     def test_default_values(self):
         class Person(Document):
@@ -3094,6 +3141,64 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEquals(p.id, None)
         p.id = "12345"  # in case it is not working: "OperationError: Shard Keys are immutable..." will be raised here
 
+    def test_from_son_created_False_without_id(self):
+        class MyPerson(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+
+        MyPerson.objects.delete()
+
+        p = MyPerson.from_json('{"name": "a_fancy_name"}', created=False)
+        self.assertFalse(p._created)
+        self.assertIsNone(p.id)
+        p.save()
+        self.assertIsNotNone(p.id)
+        saved_p = MyPerson.objects.get(id=p.id)
+        self.assertEqual(saved_p.name, 'a_fancy_name')
+
+    def test_from_son_created_False_with_id(self):
+        # 1854
+        class MyPerson(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+
+        MyPerson.objects.delete()
+
+        p = MyPerson.from_json('{"_id": "5b85a8b04ec5dc2da388296e", "name": "a_fancy_name"}', created=False)
+        self.assertFalse(p._created)
+        self.assertEqual(p._changed_fields, [])
+        self.assertEqual(p.name, 'a_fancy_name')
+        self.assertEqual(p.id, ObjectId('5b85a8b04ec5dc2da388296e'))
+        p.save()
+
+        with self.assertRaises(DoesNotExist):
+            # Since created=False and we gave an id in the json and _changed_fields is empty
+            # mongoengine assumes that the document exits with that structure already
+            # and calling .save() didn't save anything
+            MyPerson.objects.get(id=p.id)
+
+        self.assertFalse(p._created)
+        p.name = 'a new fancy name'
+        self.assertEqual(p._changed_fields, ['name'])
+        p.save()
+        saved_p = MyPerson.objects.get(id=p.id)
+        self.assertEqual(saved_p.name, p.name)
+
+    def test_from_son_created_True_with_an_id(self):
+        class MyPerson(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+
+        MyPerson.objects.delete()
+
+        p = MyPerson.from_json('{"_id": "5b85a8b04ec5dc2da388296e", "name": "a_fancy_name"}', created=True)
+        self.assertTrue(p._created)
+        self.assertEqual(p._changed_fields, [])
+        self.assertEqual(p.name, 'a_fancy_name')
+        self.assertEqual(p.id, ObjectId('5b85a8b04ec5dc2da388296e'))
+        p.save()
+
+        saved_p = MyPerson.objects.get(id=p.id)
+        self.assertEqual(saved_p, p)
+        self.assertEqual(p.name, 'a_fancy_name')
+
     def test_null_field(self):
         # 734
         class User(Document):
@@ -3183,6 +3288,34 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         blog.reload()
         self.assertEqual(blog.tags, ['mongodb', 'code', 'python'])
 
+    def test_push_nested_list(self):
+        """Ensure that push update works in nested list"""
+        class BlogPost(Document):
+            slug = StringField()
+            tags = ListField()
+
+        blog = BlogPost(slug="test").save()
+        blog.update(push__tags=["value1", 123])
+        blog.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(blog.tags, [["value1", 123]])
+
+    def test_accessing_objects_with_indexes_error(self):
+        insert_result = self.db.company.insert_many([{'name': 'Foo'},
+                                                     {'name': 'Foo'}])  # Force 2 doc with same name
+        REF_OID = insert_result.inserted_ids[0]
+        self.db.user.insert_one({'company': REF_OID})   # Force 2 doc with same name
+
+        class Company(Document):
+            name = StringField(unique=True)
+
+        class User(Document):
+            company = ReferenceField(Company)
+
+
+        # Ensure index creation exception aren't swallowed (#1688)
+        with self.assertRaises(DuplicateKeyError):
+            User.objects().select_related()
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

tests/document/validation.py

@@ -20,16 +20,16 @@ class ValidatorErrorTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # 1st level error schema
         error.errors = {'1st': ValidationError('bad 1st'), }
-        self.assertTrue('1st' in error.to_dict())
+        self.assertIn('1st', error.to_dict())
         self.assertEqual(error.to_dict()['1st'], 'bad 1st')
 
         # 2nd level error schema
         error.errors = {'1st': ValidationError('bad 1st', errors={
             '2nd': ValidationError('bad 2nd'),
         })}
-        self.assertTrue('1st' in error.to_dict())
+        self.assertIn('1st', error.to_dict())
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(error.to_dict()['1st'], dict))
+        self.assertIsInstance(error.to_dict()['1st'], dict)
-        self.assertTrue('2nd' in error.to_dict()['1st'])
+        self.assertIn('2nd', error.to_dict()['1st'])
         self.assertEqual(error.to_dict()['1st']['2nd'], 'bad 2nd')
 
         # moar levels
@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ class ValidatorErrorTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 }),
             }),
         })}
-        self.assertTrue('1st' in error.to_dict())
+        self.assertIn('1st', error.to_dict())
-        self.assertTrue('2nd' in error.to_dict()['1st'])
+        self.assertIn('2nd', error.to_dict()['1st'])
-        self.assertTrue('3rd' in error.to_dict()['1st']['2nd'])
+        self.assertIn('3rd', error.to_dict()['1st']['2nd'])
-        self.assertTrue('4th' in error.to_dict()['1st']['2nd']['3rd'])
+        self.assertIn('4th', error.to_dict()['1st']['2nd']['3rd'])
         self.assertEqual(error.to_dict()['1st']['2nd']['3rd']['4th'],
                          'Inception')
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class ValidatorErrorTest(unittest.TestCase):
         try:
             User().validate()
         except ValidationError as e:
-            self.assertTrue("User:None" in e.message)
+            self.assertIn("User:None", e.message)
             self.assertEqual(e.to_dict(), {
                 'username': 'Field is required',
                 'name': 'Field is required'})
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class ValidatorErrorTest(unittest.TestCase):
         try:
             user.save()
         except ValidationError as e:
-            self.assertTrue("User:RossC0" in e.message)
+            self.assertIn("User:RossC0", e.message)
             self.assertEqual(e.to_dict(), {
                 'name': 'Field is required'})
 
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class ValidatorErrorTest(unittest.TestCase):
         try:
             Doc(id="bad").validate()
         except ValidationError as e:
-            self.assertTrue("SubDoc:None" in e.message)
+            self.assertIn("SubDoc:None", e.message)
             self.assertEqual(e.to_dict(), {
                 "e": {'val': 'OK could not be converted to int'}})
 
@@ -127,14 +127,14 @@ class ValidatorErrorTest(unittest.TestCase):
         doc = Doc.objects.first()
         keys = doc._data.keys()
         self.assertEqual(2, len(keys))
-        self.assertTrue('e' in keys)
+        self.assertIn('e', keys)
-        self.assertTrue('id' in keys)
+        self.assertIn('id', keys)
 
         doc.e.val = "OK"
         try:
             doc.save()
         except ValidationError as e:
-            self.assertTrue("Doc:test" in e.message)
+            self.assertIn("Doc:test", e.message)
             self.assertEqual(e.to_dict(), {
                 "e": {'val': 'OK could not be converted to int'}})
 

tests/fields/file_tests.py

@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@ class FileTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         putfile.save()
 
         result = PutFile.objects.first()
-        self.assertTrue(putfile == result)
+        self.assertEqual(putfile, result)
-        self.assertEqual("%s" % result.the_file, "<GridFSProxy: hello>")
+        self.assertEqual("%s" % result.the_file, "<GridFSProxy: hello (%s)>" % result.the_file.grid_id)
         self.assertEqual(result.the_file.read(), text)
         self.assertEqual(result.the_file.content_type, content_type)
         result.the_file.delete()  # Remove file from GridFS
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class FileTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         putfile.save()
 
         result = PutFile.objects.first()
-        self.assertTrue(putfile == result)
+        self.assertEqual(putfile, result)
         self.assertEqual(result.the_file.read(), text)
         self.assertEqual(result.the_file.content_type, content_type)
         result.the_file.delete()
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class FileTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         streamfile.save()
 
         result = StreamFile.objects.first()
-        self.assertTrue(streamfile == result)
+        self.assertEqual(streamfile, result)
         self.assertEqual(result.the_file.read(), text + more_text)
         self.assertEqual(result.the_file.content_type, content_type)
         result.the_file.seek(0)
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class FileTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         streamfile.save()
 
         result = StreamFile.objects.first()
-        self.assertTrue(streamfile == result)
+        self.assertEqual(streamfile, result)
         self.assertEqual(result.the_file.read(), text + more_text)
         # self.assertEqual(result.the_file.content_type, content_type)
         result.the_file.seek(0)
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ class FileTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         setfile.save()
 
         result = SetFile.objects.first()
-        self.assertTrue(setfile == result)
+        self.assertEqual(setfile, result)
         self.assertEqual(result.the_file.read(), text)
 
         # Try replacing file with new one
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class FileTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         result.save()
 
         result = SetFile.objects.first()
-        self.assertTrue(setfile == result)
+        self.assertEqual(setfile, result)
         self.assertEqual(result.the_file.read(), more_text)
         result.the_file.delete()
 
@@ -231,8 +231,8 @@ class FileTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         test_file_dupe = TestFile()
         data = test_file_dupe.the_file.read()  # Should be None
 
-        self.assertTrue(test_file.name != test_file_dupe.name)
+        self.assertNotEqual(test_file.name, test_file_dupe.name)
-        self.assertTrue(test_file.the_file.read() != data)
+        self.assertNotEqual(test_file.the_file.read(), data)
 
         TestFile.drop_collection()
 
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ class FileTest(MongoDBTestCase):
             the_file = FileField()
 
         test_file = TestFile()
-        self.assertFalse(test_file.the_file in [{"test": 1}])
+        self.assertNotIn(test_file.the_file, [{"test": 1}])
 
     def test_file_disk_space(self):
         """ Test disk space usage when we delete/replace a file """

tests/fields/geo.py

@@ -298,9 +298,9 @@ class GeoFieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             polygon = PolygonField()
 
         geo_indicies = Event._geo_indices()
-        self.assertTrue({'fields': [('line', '2dsphere')]} in geo_indicies)
+        self.assertIn({'fields': [('line', '2dsphere')]}, geo_indicies)
-        self.assertTrue({'fields': [('polygon', '2dsphere')]} in geo_indicies)
+        self.assertIn({'fields': [('polygon', '2dsphere')]}, geo_indicies)
-        self.assertTrue({'fields': [('point', '2dsphere')]} in geo_indicies)
+        self.assertIn({'fields': [('point', '2dsphere')]}, geo_indicies)
 
     def test_indexes_2dsphere_embedded(self):
         """Ensure that indexes are created automatically for GeoPointFields.
@@ -316,9 +316,9 @@ class GeoFieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             venue = EmbeddedDocumentField(Venue)
 
         geo_indicies = Event._geo_indices()
-        self.assertTrue({'fields': [('venue.line', '2dsphere')]} in geo_indicies)
+        self.assertIn({'fields': [('venue.line', '2dsphere')]}, geo_indicies)
-        self.assertTrue({'fields': [('venue.polygon', '2dsphere')]} in geo_indicies)
+        self.assertIn({'fields': [('venue.polygon', '2dsphere')]}, geo_indicies)
-        self.assertTrue({'fields': [('venue.point', '2dsphere')]} in geo_indicies)
+        self.assertIn({'fields': [('venue.point', '2dsphere')]}, geo_indicies)
 
     def test_geo_indexes_recursion(self):
 
@@ -335,9 +335,9 @@ class GeoFieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         Parent(name='Berlin').save()
         info = Parent._get_collection().index_information()
-        self.assertFalse('location_2d' in info)
+        self.assertNotIn('location_2d', info)
         info = Location._get_collection().index_information()
-        self.assertTrue('location_2d' in info)
+        self.assertIn('location_2d', info)
 
         self.assertEqual(len(Parent._geo_indices()), 0)
         self.assertEqual(len(Location._geo_indices()), 1)

tests/queryset/field_list.py

@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ class OnlyExcludeAllTest(unittest.TestCase):
         employee.save()
 
         obj = self.Person.objects(id=employee.id).only('age').get()
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(obj, Employee))
+        self.assertIsInstance(obj, Employee)
 
         # Check field names are looked up properly
         obj = Employee.objects(id=employee.id).only('salary').get()

tests/queryset/geo.py

@@ -95,9 +95,9 @@ class GeoQueriesTest(MongoDBTestCase):
             location__within_distance=point_and_distance)
         self.assertEqual(events.count(), 2)
         events = list(events)
-        self.assertTrue(event2 not in events)
+        self.assertNotIn(event2, events)
-        self.assertTrue(event1 in events)
+        self.assertIn(event1, events)
-        self.assertTrue(event3 in events)
+        self.assertIn(event3, events)
 
         # find events within 10 degrees of san francisco
         point_and_distance = [[-122.415579, 37.7566023], 10]
@@ -285,9 +285,9 @@ class GeoQueriesTest(MongoDBTestCase):
             location__geo_within_center=point_and_distance)
         self.assertEqual(events.count(), 2)
         events = list(events)
-        self.assertTrue(event2 not in events)
+        self.assertNotIn(event2, events)
-        self.assertTrue(event1 in events)
+        self.assertIn(event1, events)
-        self.assertTrue(event3 in events)
+        self.assertIn(event3, events)
 
     def _test_embedded(self, point_field_class):
         """Helper test method ensuring given point field class works
@@ -510,6 +510,24 @@ class GeoQueriesTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         roads = Road.objects.filter(poly__geo_intersects={"$geometry": polygon}).count()
         self.assertEqual(1, roads)
 
+    def test_aspymongo_with_only(self):
+        """Ensure as_pymongo works with only"""
+        class Place(Document):
+            location = PointField()
+
+        Place.drop_collection()
+        p = Place(location=[24.946861267089844, 60.16311983618494])
+        p.save()
+        qs = Place.objects().only('location')
+        self.assertDictEqual(
+            qs.as_pymongo()[0]['location'],
+            {u'type': u'Point',
+             u'coordinates': [
+                24.946861267089844,
+                60.16311983618494]
+            }
+        )
+
     def test_2dsphere_point_sets_correctly(self):
         class Location(Document):
             loc = PointField()

tests/queryset/queryset.py

@@ -3,12 +3,14 @@
 import datetime
 import unittest
 import uuid
+from decimal import Decimal
 
 from bson import DBRef, ObjectId
 from nose.plugins.skip import SkipTest
 import pymongo
 from pymongo.errors import ConfigurationError
 from pymongo.read_preferences import ReadPreference
+from pymongo.results import UpdateResult
 import six
 
 from mongoengine import *
@@ -57,11 +59,10 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_initialisation(self):
         """Ensure that a QuerySet is correctly initialised by QuerySetManager.
         """
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(self.Person.objects, QuerySet))
+        self.assertIsInstance(self.Person.objects, QuerySet)
         self.assertEqual(self.Person.objects._collection.name,
                          self.Person._get_collection_name())
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(self.Person.objects._collection,
+        self.assertIsInstance(self.Person.objects._collection, pymongo.collection.Collection)
-                                   pymongo.collection.Collection))
 
     def test_cannot_perform_joins_references(self):
 
@@ -87,8 +88,8 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(people.count(), 2)
         results = list(people)
 
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(results[0], self.Person))
+        self.assertIsInstance(results[0], self.Person)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(results[0].id, (ObjectId, str, unicode)))
+        self.assertIsInstance(results[0].id, (ObjectId, str, unicode))
 
         self.assertEqual(results[0], user_a)
         self.assertEqual(results[0].name, 'User A')
@@ -228,7 +229,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # Retrieve the first person from the database
         person = self.Person.objects.first()
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(person, self.Person))
+        self.assertIsInstance(person, self.Person)
         self.assertEqual(person.name, "User A")
         self.assertEqual(person.age, 20)
 
@@ -594,6 +595,20 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         Scores.objects(id=scores.id).update(max__high_score=500)
         self.assertEqual(Scores.objects.get(id=scores.id).high_score, 1000)
 
+    @needs_mongodb_v26
+    def test_update_multiple(self):
+        class Product(Document):
+            item = StringField()
+            price = FloatField()
+
+        product = Product.objects.create(item='ABC', price=10.99)
+        product = Product.objects.create(item='ABC', price=10.99)
+        Product.objects(id=product.id).update(mul__price=1.25)
+        self.assertEqual(Product.objects.get(id=product.id).price, 13.7375)
+        unknown_product = Product.objects.create(item='Unknown')
+        Product.objects(id=unknown_product.id).update(mul__price=100)
+        self.assertEqual(Product.objects.get(id=unknown_product.id).price, 0)
+
     def test_updates_can_have_match_operators(self):
 
         class Comment(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -661,14 +676,14 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         result = self.Person(name="Bob", age=25).update(
             upsert=True, full_result=True)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, dict))
+        self.assertIsInstance(result, UpdateResult)
-        self.assertTrue("upserted" in result)
+        self.assertIn("upserted", result.raw_result)
-        self.assertFalse(result["updatedExisting"])
+        self.assertFalse(result.raw_result["updatedExisting"])
 
         bob = self.Person.objects.first()
         result = bob.update(set__age=30, full_result=True)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, dict))
+        self.assertIsInstance(result, UpdateResult)
-        self.assertTrue(result["updatedExisting"])
+        self.assertTrue(result.raw_result["updatedExisting"])
 
         self.Person(name="Bob", age=20).save()
         result = self.Person.objects(name="Bob").update(
@@ -835,9 +850,6 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 blogs.append(Blog(title="post %s" % i, posts=[post1, post2]))
 
             Blog.objects.insert(blogs, load_bulk=False)
-            if mongodb_version < (2, 6):
-                self.assertEqual(q, 1)
-            else:
             # profiling logs each doc now in the bulk op
             self.assertEqual(q, 99)
 
@@ -848,11 +860,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(q, 0)
 
             Blog.objects.insert(blogs)
-            if mongodb_version < (2, 6):
+            self.assertEqual(q, 100) # 99 for insert 1 for fetch
-                self.assertEqual(q, 2)  # 1 for insert, and 1 for in bulk fetch
-            else:
-                # 99 for insert, and 1 for in bulk fetch
-                self.assertEqual(q, 100)
 
         Blog.drop_collection()
 
@@ -917,10 +925,6 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(Blog.objects.count(), 2)
 
-        Blog.objects.insert([blog2, blog3],
-                            write_concern={"w": 0, 'continue_on_error': True})
-        self.assertEqual(Blog.objects.count(), 3)
-
     def test_get_changed_fields_query_count(self):
         """Make sure we don't perform unnecessary db operations when
         none of document's fields were updated.
@@ -994,7 +998,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # Retrieve the first person from the database
         person = self.Person.objects.slave_okay(True).first()
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(person, self.Person))
+        self.assertIsInstance(person, self.Person)
         self.assertEqual(person.name, "User A")
         self.assertEqual(person.age, 20)
 
@@ -1061,10 +1065,10 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(docs.count(), 1000)
 
         docs_string = "%s" % docs
-        self.assertTrue("Doc: 0" in docs_string)
+        self.assertIn("Doc: 0", docs_string)
 
         self.assertEqual(docs.count(), 1000)
-        self.assertTrue('(remaining elements truncated)' in "%s" % docs)
+        self.assertIn('(remaining elements truncated)', "%s" % docs)
 
         # Limit and skip
         docs = docs[1:4]
@@ -1203,6 +1207,14 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
         Blog.drop_collection()
 
+    def test_filter_chaining_with_regex(self):
+        person = self.Person(name='Guido van Rossum')
+        person.save()
+
+        people = self.Person.objects
+        people = people.filter(name__startswith='Gui').filter(name__not__endswith='tum')
+        self.assertEqual(people.count(), 1)
+
     def assertSequence(self, qs, expected):
         qs = list(qs)
         expected = list(expected)
@@ -1273,7 +1285,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         with db_ops_tracker() as q:
             BlogPost.objects.filter(title='whatever').order_by().first()
             self.assertEqual(len(q.get_ops()), 1)
-            self.assertFalse('$orderby' in q.get_ops()[0]['query'])
+            self.assertNotIn('$orderby', q.get_ops()[0]['query'])
 
         # calling an explicit order_by should use a specified sort
         with db_ops_tracker() as q:
@@ -1289,7 +1301,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
             qs = BlogPost.objects.filter(title='whatever').order_by('published_date')
             qs.order_by().first()
             self.assertEqual(len(q.get_ops()), 1)
-            self.assertFalse('$orderby' in q.get_ops()[0]['query'])
+            self.assertNotIn('$orderby', q.get_ops()[0]['query'])
 
     def test_no_ordering_for_get(self):
         """ Ensure that Doc.objects.get doesn't use any ordering.
@@ -1308,13 +1320,13 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         with db_ops_tracker() as q:
             BlogPost.objects.get(title='whatever')
             self.assertEqual(len(q.get_ops()), 1)
-            self.assertFalse('$orderby' in q.get_ops()[0]['query'])
+            self.assertNotIn('$orderby', q.get_ops()[0]['query'])
 
         # Ordering should be ignored for .get even if we set it explicitly
         with db_ops_tracker() as q:
             BlogPost.objects.order_by('-title').get(title='whatever')
             self.assertEqual(len(q.get_ops()), 1)
-            self.assertFalse('$orderby' in q.get_ops()[0]['query'])
+            self.assertNotIn('$orderby', q.get_ops()[0]['query'])
 
     def test_find_embedded(self):
         """Ensure that an embedded document is properly returned from
@@ -1336,15 +1348,15 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
         result = BlogPost.objects.first()
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result.author, User))
+        self.assertIsInstance(result.author, User)
         self.assertEqual(result.author.name, 'Test User')
 
         result = BlogPost.objects.get(author__name=user.name)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result.author, User))
+        self.assertIsInstance(result.author, User)
         self.assertEqual(result.author.name, 'Test User')
 
         result = BlogPost.objects.get(author={'name': user.name})
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result.author, User))
+        self.assertIsInstance(result.author, User)
         self.assertEqual(result.author.name, 'Test User')
 
         # Fails, since the string is not a type that is able to represent the
@@ -1462,7 +1474,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         code_chunks = ['doc["cmnts"];', 'doc["doc-name"],',
                        'doc["cmnts"][i]["body"]']
         for chunk in code_chunks:
-            self.assertTrue(chunk in sub_code)
+            self.assertIn(chunk, sub_code)
 
         results = BlogPost.objects.exec_js(code)
         expected_results = [
@@ -1852,21 +1864,16 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(
             1, BlogPost.objects(author__in=["%s" % me.pk]).count())
 
-    def test_update(self):
+    def test_update_intfield_operator(self):
-        """Ensure that atomic updates work properly.
-        """
         class BlogPost(Document):
-            name = StringField()
-            title = StringField()
             hits = IntField()
-            tags = ListField(StringField())
 
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
 
-        post = BlogPost(name="Test Post", hits=5, tags=['test'])
+        post = BlogPost(hits=5)
         post.save()
 
-        BlogPost.objects.update(set__hits=10)
+        BlogPost.objects.update_one(set__hits=10)
         post.reload()
         self.assertEqual(post.hits, 10)
 
@@ -1883,13 +1890,63 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         post.reload()
         self.assertEqual(post.hits, 11)
 
+    def test_update_decimalfield_operator(self):
+        class BlogPost(Document):
+            review = DecimalField()
+
+        BlogPost.drop_collection()
+
+        post = BlogPost(review=3.5)
+        post.save()
+
+        BlogPost.objects.update_one(inc__review=0.1)             # test with floats
+        post.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(float(post.review), 3.6)
+
+        BlogPost.objects.update_one(dec__review=0.1)
+        post.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(float(post.review), 3.5)
+
+        BlogPost.objects.update_one(inc__review=Decimal(0.12))   # test with Decimal
+        post.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(float(post.review), 3.62)
+
+        BlogPost.objects.update_one(dec__review=Decimal(0.12))
+        post.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(float(post.review), 3.5)
+
+    def test_update_decimalfield_operator_not_working_with_force_string(self):
+        class BlogPost(Document):
+            review = DecimalField(force_string=True)
+
+        BlogPost.drop_collection()
+
+        post = BlogPost(review=3.5)
+        post.save()
+
+        with self.assertRaises(OperationError):
+            BlogPost.objects.update_one(inc__review=0.1)             # test with floats
+
+    def test_update_listfield_operator(self):
+        """Ensure that atomic updates work properly.
+        """
+        class BlogPost(Document):
+            tags = ListField(StringField())
+
+        BlogPost.drop_collection()
+
+        post = BlogPost(tags=['test'])
+        post.save()
+
+        # ListField operator
         BlogPost.objects.update(push__tags='mongo')
         post.reload()
-        self.assertTrue('mongo' in post.tags)
+        self.assertIn('mongo', post.tags)
 
         BlogPost.objects.update_one(push_all__tags=['db', 'nosql'])
         post.reload()
-        self.assertTrue('db' in post.tags and 'nosql' in post.tags)
+        self.assertIn('db', post.tags)
+        self.assertIn('nosql', post.tags)
 
         tags = post.tags[:-1]
         BlogPost.objects.update(pop__tags=1)
@@ -1901,13 +1958,23 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         post.reload()
         self.assertEqual(post.tags.count('unique'), 1)
 
-        self.assertNotEqual(post.hits, None)
+        BlogPost.drop_collection()
-        BlogPost.objects.update_one(unset__hits=1)
+
-        post.reload()
+    def test_update_unset(self):
-        self.assertEqual(post.hits, None)
+        class BlogPost(Document):
+            title = StringField()
 
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
 
+        post = BlogPost(title='garbage').save()
+
+        self.assertNotEqual(post.title, None)
+        BlogPost.objects.update_one(unset__title=1)
+        post.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(post.title, None)
+        pymongo_doc = BlogPost.objects.as_pymongo().first()
+        self.assertNotIn('title', pymongo_doc)
+
     @needs_mongodb_v26
     def test_update_push_with_position(self):
         """Ensure that the 'push' update with position works properly.
@@ -1934,6 +2001,21 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         post.reload()
         self.assertEqual(post.tags, ['scala', 'mongodb', 'python', 'java'])
 
+    def test_update_push_list_of_list(self):
+        """Ensure that the 'push' update operation works in the list of list
+        """
+        class BlogPost(Document):
+            slug = StringField()
+            tags = ListField()
+
+        BlogPost.drop_collection()
+
+        post = BlogPost(slug="test").save()
+
+        BlogPost.objects.filter(slug="test").update(push__tags=["value1", 123])
+        post.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(post.tags, [["value1", 123]])
+
     def test_update_push_and_pull_add_to_set(self):
         """Ensure that the 'pull' update operation works correctly.
         """
@@ -2076,6 +2158,23 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
             Site.objects(id=s.id).update_one(
                 pull_all__collaborators__helpful__user=['Ross'])
 
+    def test_pull_in_genericembedded_field(self):
+
+        class Foo(EmbeddedDocument):
+            name = StringField()
+
+        class Bar(Document):
+            foos = ListField(GenericEmbeddedDocumentField(
+                choices=[Foo, ]))
+
+        Bar.drop_collection()
+
+        foo = Foo(name="bar")
+        bar = Bar(foos=[foo]).save()
+        Bar.objects(id=bar.id).update(pull__foos=foo)
+        bar.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(len(bar.foos), 0)
+
     def test_update_one_pop_generic_reference(self):
 
         class BlogTag(Document):
@@ -2169,6 +2268,24 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(message.authors[1].name, "Ross")
         self.assertEqual(message.authors[2].name, "Adam")
 
+    def test_set_generic_embedded_documents(self):
+
+        class Bar(EmbeddedDocument):
+            name = StringField()
+
+        class User(Document):
+            username = StringField()
+            bar = GenericEmbeddedDocumentField(choices=[Bar,])
+
+        User.drop_collection()
+
+        User(username='abc').save()
+        User.objects(username='abc').update(
+            set__bar=Bar(name='test'), upsert=True)
+
+        user = User.objects(username='abc').first()
+        self.assertEqual(user.bar.name, "test")
+
     def test_reload_embedded_docs_instance(self):
 
         class SubDoc(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -2338,12 +2455,17 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
             age = IntField()
 
         with db_ops_tracker() as q:
-            adult = (User.objects.filter(age__gte=18)
+            adult1 = (User.objects.filter(age__gte=18)
                 .comment('looking for an adult')
                 .first())
+
+            adult2 = (User.objects.comment('looking for an adult')
+                .filter(age__gte=18)
+                .first())
+
             ops = q.get_ops()
-            self.assertEqual(len(ops), 1)
+            self.assertEqual(len(ops), 2)
-            op = ops[0]
+            for op in ops:
                 self.assertEqual(op['query']['$query'], {'age': {'$gte': 18}})
                 self.assertEqual(op['query']['$comment'], 'looking for an adult')
 
@@ -3157,8 +3279,8 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         News.drop_collection()
         info = News.objects._collection.index_information()
-        self.assertTrue('title_text_content_text' in info)
+        self.assertIn('title_text_content_text', info)
-        self.assertTrue('textIndexVersion' in info['title_text_content_text'])
+        self.assertIn('textIndexVersion', info['title_text_content_text'])
 
         News(title="Neymar quebrou a vertebra",
              content="O Brasil sofre com a perda de Neymar").save()
@@ -3192,15 +3314,15 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 '$search': 'dilma', '$language': 'pt'},
                 'is_active': False})
 
-        self.assertEqual(new.is_active, False)
+        self.assertFalse(new.is_active)
-        self.assertTrue('dilma' in new.content)
+        self.assertIn('dilma', new.content)
-        self.assertTrue('planejamento' in new.title)
+        self.assertIn('planejamento', new.title)
 
         query = News.objects.search_text("candidata")
         self.assertEqual(query._search_text, "candidata")
         new = query.first()
 
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(new.get_text_score(), float))
+        self.assertIsInstance(new.get_text_score(), float)
 
         # count
         query = News.objects.search_text('brasil').order_by('$text_score')
@@ -3495,39 +3617,12 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         Group.objects(id=group.id).update(set__members=[user1, user2])
         group.reload()
 
-        self.assertTrue(len(group.members) == 2)
+        self.assertEqual(len(group.members), 2)
         self.assertEqual(group.members[0].name, user1.name)
         self.assertEqual(group.members[1].name, user2.name)
 
         Group.drop_collection()
 
-    def test_dict_with_custom_baseclass(self):
-        """Ensure DictField working with custom base clases.
-        """
-        class Test(Document):
-            testdict = DictField()
-
-        Test.drop_collection()
-
-        t = Test(testdict={'f': 'Value'})
-        t.save()
-
-        self.assertEqual(
-            Test.objects(testdict__f__startswith='Val').count(), 1)
-        self.assertEqual(Test.objects(testdict__f='Value').count(), 1)
-        Test.drop_collection()
-
-        class Test(Document):
-            testdict = DictField(basecls=StringField)
-
-        t = Test(testdict={'f': 'Value'})
-        t.save()
-
-        self.assertEqual(Test.objects(testdict__f='Value').count(), 1)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            Test.objects(testdict__f__startswith='Val').count(), 1)
-        Test.drop_collection()
-
     def test_bulk(self):
         """Ensure bulk querying by object id returns a proper dict.
         """
@@ -3553,13 +3648,13 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(len(objects), 3)
 
-        self.assertTrue(post_1.id in objects)
+        self.assertIn(post_1.id, objects)
-        self.assertTrue(post_2.id in objects)
+        self.assertIn(post_2.id, objects)
-        self.assertTrue(post_5.id in objects)
+        self.assertIn(post_5.id, objects)
 
-        self.assertTrue(objects[post_1.id].title == post_1.title)
+        self.assertEqual(objects[post_1.id].title, post_1.title)
-        self.assertTrue(objects[post_2.id].title == post_2.title)
+        self.assertEqual(objects[post_2.id].title, post_2.title)
-        self.assertTrue(objects[post_5.id].title == post_5.title)
+        self.assertEqual(objects[post_5.id].title, post_5.title)
 
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
 
@@ -3579,7 +3674,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         Post.drop_collection()
 
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Post.objects, CustomQuerySet))
+        self.assertIsInstance(Post.objects, CustomQuerySet)
         self.assertFalse(Post.objects.not_empty())
 
         Post().save()
@@ -3604,7 +3699,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         Post.drop_collection()
 
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Post.objects, CustomQuerySet))
+        self.assertIsInstance(Post.objects, CustomQuerySet)
         self.assertFalse(Post.objects.not_empty())
 
         Post().save()
@@ -3651,7 +3746,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
             pass
 
         Post.drop_collection()
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Post.objects, CustomQuerySet))
+        self.assertIsInstance(Post.objects, CustomQuerySet)
         self.assertFalse(Post.objects.not_empty())
 
         Post().save()
@@ -3679,7 +3774,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
             pass
 
         Post.drop_collection()
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Post.objects, CustomQuerySet))
+        self.assertIsInstance(Post.objects, CustomQuerySet)
         self.assertFalse(Post.objects.not_empty())
 
         Post().save()
@@ -3770,17 +3865,17 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         test = Number.objects
         test2 = test.clone()
-        self.assertFalse(test == test2)
+        self.assertNotEqual(test, test2)
         self.assertEqual(test.count(), test2.count())
 
         test = test.filter(n__gt=11)
         test2 = test.clone()
-        self.assertFalse(test == test2)
+        self.assertNotEqual(test, test2)
         self.assertEqual(test.count(), test2.count())
 
         test = test.limit(10)
         test2 = test.clone()
-        self.assertFalse(test == test2)
+        self.assertNotEqual(test, test2)
         self.assertEqual(test.count(), test2.count())
 
         Number.drop_collection()
@@ -3870,7 +3965,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
                  value.get('unique', False),
                  value.get('sparse', False))
                 for key, value in info.iteritems()]
-        self.assertTrue(([('_cls', 1), ('message', 1)], False, False) in info)
+        self.assertIn(([('_cls', 1), ('message', 1)], False, False), info)
 
     def test_where(self):
         """Ensure that where clauses work.
@@ -3894,13 +3989,13 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
             'this["fielda"] >= this["fieldb"]', query._where_clause)
         results = list(query)
         self.assertEqual(2, len(results))
-        self.assertTrue(a in results)
+        self.assertIn(a, results)
-        self.assertTrue(c in results)
+        self.assertIn(c, results)
 
         query = IntPair.objects.where('this[~fielda] == this[~fieldb]')
         results = list(query)
         self.assertEqual(1, len(results))
-        self.assertTrue(a in results)
+        self.assertIn(a, results)
 
         query = IntPair.objects.where(
             'function() { return this[~fielda] >= this[~fieldb] }')
@@ -3908,8 +4003,8 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
             'function() { return this["fielda"] >= this["fieldb"] }', query._where_clause)
         results = list(query)
         self.assertEqual(2, len(results))
-        self.assertTrue(a in results)
+        self.assertIn(a, results)
-        self.assertTrue(c in results)
+        self.assertIn(c, results)
 
         with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             list(IntPair.objects.where(fielda__gte=3))
@@ -4291,7 +4386,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         Test.drop_collection()
         Test.objects(test='foo').update_one(upsert=True, set__test='foo')
-        self.assertFalse('_cls' in Test._collection.find_one())
+        self.assertNotIn('_cls', Test._collection.find_one())
 
         class Test(Document):
             meta = {'allow_inheritance': True}
@@ -4300,7 +4395,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         Test.drop_collection()
 
         Test.objects(test='foo').update_one(upsert=True, set__test='foo')
-        self.assertTrue('_cls' in Test._collection.find_one())
+        self.assertIn('_cls', Test._collection.find_one())
 
     def test_update_upsert_looks_like_a_digit(self):
         class MyDoc(DynamicDocument):
@@ -4384,6 +4479,25 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(bars._cursor._Cursor__read_preference,
                          ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
 
+    @needs_mongodb_v26
+    def test_read_preference_aggregation_framework(self):
+        class Bar(Document):
+            txt = StringField()
+
+            meta = {
+                'indexes': ['txt']
+            }
+        # Aggregates with read_preference
+        bars = Bar.objects \
+                    .read_preference(ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED) \
+                    .aggregate()
+        if IS_PYMONGO_3:
+            self.assertEqual(bars._CommandCursor__collection.read_preference,
+                             ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
+        else:
+            self.assertNotEqual(bars._CommandCursor__collection.read_preference,
+                             ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
+
     def test_json_simple(self):
 
         class Embedded(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -4493,8 +4607,8 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         users = User.objects.only('name', 'price').as_pymongo()
         results = list(users)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(results[0], dict))
+        self.assertIsInstance(results[0], dict)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(results[1], dict))
+        self.assertIsInstance(results[1], dict)
         self.assertEqual(results[0]['name'], 'Bob Dole')
         self.assertEqual(results[0]['price'], 1.11)
         self.assertEqual(results[1]['name'], 'Barack Obama')
@@ -4502,8 +4616,8 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         users = User.objects.only('name', 'last_login').as_pymongo()
         results = list(users)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(results[0], dict))
+        self.assertIsInstance(results[0], dict)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(results[1], dict))
+        self.assertIsInstance(results[1], dict)
         self.assertEqual(results[0], {
             'name': 'Bob Dole'
         })
@@ -4560,12 +4674,10 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         User(name="Bob Dole", organization=whitehouse).save()
 
         qs = User.objects()
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(qs.first().organization, Organization))
+        self.assertIsInstance(qs.first().organization, Organization)
-        self.assertFalse(isinstance(qs.no_dereference().first().organization,
+        self.assertNotIsInstance(qs.no_dereference().first().organization, Organization)
-                                    Organization))
+        self.assertNotIsInstance(qs.no_dereference().get().organization, Organization)
-        self.assertFalse(isinstance(qs.no_dereference().get().organization,
+        self.assertIsInstance(qs.first().organization, Organization)
-                                    Organization))
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(qs.first().organization, Organization))
 
     def test_no_dereference_embedded_doc(self):
 
@@ -4598,9 +4710,9 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         result = Organization.objects().no_dereference().first()
 
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result.admin[0], (DBRef, ObjectId)))
+        self.assertIsInstance(result.admin[0], (DBRef, ObjectId))
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result.member.user, (DBRef, ObjectId)))
+        self.assertIsInstance(result.member.user, (DBRef, ObjectId))
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result.members[0].user, (DBRef, ObjectId)))
+        self.assertIsInstance(result.members[0].user, (DBRef, ObjectId))
 
     def test_cached_queryset(self):
         class Person(Document):
@@ -4642,6 +4754,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
             Person(name="No: %s" % i).save()
 
             with query_counter() as q:
+                try:
                     self.assertEqual(q, 0)
                     people = Person.objects.no_cache()
 
@@ -4653,6 +4766,14 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
                     people.count()
                     self.assertEqual(q, 3)
+                except AssertionError as exc:
+                    db = get_db()
+                    msg = ''
+                    for q in list(db.system.profile.find())[-50:]:
+                        msg += str([q['ts'], q['ns'], q.get('query'), q['op']])+'\n'
+                        msg += str(q)
+                    raise AssertionError(str(exc) + '\n'+msg)
+
 
     def test_cache_not_cloned(self):
 
@@ -4795,6 +4916,30 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         for obj in C.objects.no_sub_classes():
             self.assertEqual(obj.__class__, C)
 
+    def test_query_generic_embedded_document(self):
+        """Ensure that querying sub field on generic_embedded_field works
+        """
+        class A(EmbeddedDocument):
+            a_name = StringField()
+
+        class B(EmbeddedDocument):
+            b_name = StringField()
+
+        class Doc(Document):
+            document = GenericEmbeddedDocumentField(choices=(A, B))
+
+        Doc.drop_collection()
+        Doc(document=A(a_name='A doc')).save()
+        Doc(document=B(b_name='B doc')).save()
+
+        # Using raw in filter working fine
+        self.assertEqual(Doc.objects(
+            __raw__={'document.a_name': 'A doc'}).count(), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(Doc.objects(
+            __raw__={'document.b_name': 'B doc'}).count(), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(Doc.objects(document__a_name='A doc').count(), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(Doc.objects(document__b_name='B doc').count(), 1)
+
     def test_query_reference_to_custom_pk_doc(self):
 
         class A(Document):
@@ -4919,7 +5064,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
             op = q.db.system.profile.find({"ns":
                                            {"$ne": "%s.system.indexes" % q.db.name}})[0]
 
-            self.assertFalse('$orderby' in op['query'],
+            self.assertNotIn('$orderby', op['query'],
                              'BaseQuerySet cannot use orderby in if stmt')
 
         with query_counter() as p:
@@ -4930,8 +5075,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
             op = p.db.system.profile.find({"ns":
                                            {"$ne": "%s.system.indexes" % q.db.name}})[0]
 
-            self.assertTrue('$orderby' in op['query'],
+            self.assertIn('$orderby', op['query'], 'BaseQuerySet cannot remove orderby in for loop')
-                            'BaseQuerySet cannot remove orderby in for loop')
 
     def test_bool_with_ordering_from_meta_dict(self):
 
@@ -4955,7 +5099,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
             op = q.db.system.profile.find({"ns":
                                            {"$ne": "%s.system.indexes" % q.db.name}})[0]
 
-            self.assertFalse('$orderby' in op['query'],
+            self.assertNotIn('$orderby', op['query'],
                              'BaseQuerySet must remove orderby from meta in boolen test')
 
             self.assertEqual(Person.objects.first().name, 'A')

tests/queryset/transform.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import unittest
 
+from bson.son import SON
+
 from mongoengine import *
 from mongoengine.queryset import Q, transform
 
@@ -28,12 +30,16 @@ class TransformTest(unittest.TestCase):
                          {'name': {'$exists': True}})
 
     def test_transform_update(self):
+        class LisDoc(Document):
+            foo = ListField(StringField())
+
         class DicDoc(Document):
             dictField = DictField()
 
         class Doc(Document):
             pass
 
+        LisDoc.drop_collection()
         DicDoc.drop_collection()
         Doc.drop_collection()
 
@@ -42,14 +48,28 @@ class TransformTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         for k, v in (("set", "$set"), ("set_on_insert", "$setOnInsert"), ("push", "$push")):
             update = transform.update(DicDoc, **{"%s__dictField__test" % k: doc})
-            self.assertTrue(isinstance(update[v]["dictField.test"], dict))
+            self.assertIsInstance(update[v]["dictField.test"], dict)
 
         # Update special cases
         update = transform.update(DicDoc, unset__dictField__test=doc)
         self.assertEqual(update["$unset"]["dictField.test"], 1)
 
         update = transform.update(DicDoc, pull__dictField__test=doc)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(update["$pull"]["dictField"]["test"], dict))
+        self.assertIsInstance(update["$pull"]["dictField"]["test"], dict)
+
+        update = transform.update(LisDoc, pull__foo__in=['a'])
+        self.assertEqual(update, {'$pull': {'foo': {'$in': ['a']}}})
+
+    def test_transform_update_push(self):
+        """Ensure the differences in behvaior between 'push' and 'push_all'"""
+        class BlogPost(Document):
+            tags = ListField(StringField())
+
+        update = transform.update(BlogPost, push__tags=['mongo', 'db'])
+        self.assertEqual(update, {'$push': {'tags': ['mongo', 'db']}})
+
+        update = transform.update(BlogPost, push_all__tags=['mongo', 'db'])
+        self.assertEqual(update, {'$push': {'tags': {'$each': ['mongo', 'db']}}})
 
     def test_query_field_name(self):
         """Ensure that the correct field name is used when querying.
@@ -68,17 +88,15 @@ class TransformTest(unittest.TestCase):
         post = BlogPost(**data)
         post.save()
 
-        self.assertTrue('postTitle' in
+        self.assertIn('postTitle', BlogPost.objects(title=data['title'])._query)
-                        BlogPost.objects(title=data['title'])._query)
         self.assertFalse('title' in
                          BlogPost.objects(title=data['title'])._query)
         self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects(title=data['title']).count(), 1)
 
-        self.assertTrue('_id' in BlogPost.objects(pk=post.id)._query)
+        self.assertIn('_id', BlogPost.objects(pk=post.id)._query)
         self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects(pk=post.id).count(), 1)
 
-        self.assertTrue('postComments.commentContent' in
+        self.assertIn('postComments.commentContent', BlogPost.objects(comments__content='test')._query)
-                        BlogPost.objects(comments__content='test')._query)
         self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects(comments__content='test').count(), 1)
 
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
@@ -96,8 +114,8 @@ class TransformTest(unittest.TestCase):
         post = BlogPost(**data)
         post.save()
 
-        self.assertTrue('_id' in BlogPost.objects(pk=data['title'])._query)
+        self.assertIn('_id', BlogPost.objects(pk=data['title'])._query)
-        self.assertTrue('_id' in BlogPost.objects(title=data['title'])._query)
+        self.assertIn('_id', BlogPost.objects(title=data['title'])._query)
         self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects(pk=data['title']).count(), 1)
 
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
@@ -241,6 +259,30 @@ class TransformTest(unittest.TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(InvalidQueryError):
             events.count()
 
+    def test_update_pull_for_list_fields(self):
+        """
+        Test added to check pull operation in update for
+        EmbeddedDocumentListField which is inside a EmbeddedDocumentField
+        """
+        class Word(EmbeddedDocument):
+            word = StringField()
+            index = IntField()
+
+        class SubDoc(EmbeddedDocument):
+            heading = ListField(StringField())
+            text = EmbeddedDocumentListField(Word)
+
+        class MainDoc(Document):
+            title = StringField()
+            content = EmbeddedDocumentField(SubDoc)
+
+        word = Word(word='abc', index=1)
+        update = transform.update(MainDoc, pull__content__text=word)
+        self.assertEqual(update, {'$pull': {'content.text': SON([('word', u'abc'), ('index', 1)])}})
+
+        update = transform.update(MainDoc, pull__content__heading='xyz')
+        self.assertEqual(update, {'$pull': {'content.heading': 'xyz'}})
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

tests/queryset/visitor.py

@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ class QTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         test2 = test.clone()
         self.assertEqual(test2.count(), 3)
-        self.assertFalse(test2 == test)
+        self.assertNotEqual(test2, test)
 
         test3 = test2.filter(x=6)
         self.assertEqual(test3.count(), 1)

tests/test_connection.py

@@ -39,15 +39,15 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         connect('mongoenginetest')
 
         conn = get_connection()
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient))
+        self.assertIsInstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
 
         db = get_db()
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(db, pymongo.database.Database))
+        self.assertIsInstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
         self.assertEqual(db.name, 'mongoenginetest')
 
         connect('mongoenginetest2', alias='testdb')
         conn = get_connection('testdb')
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient))
+        self.assertIsInstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
 
     def test_connect_in_mocking(self):
         """Ensure that the connect() method works properly in mocking.
@@ -59,31 +59,31 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         connect('mongoenginetest', host='mongomock://localhost')
         conn = get_connection()
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
         connect('mongoenginetest2', host='mongomock://localhost', alias='testdb2')
         conn = get_connection('testdb2')
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
         connect('mongoenginetest3', host='mongodb://localhost', is_mock=True, alias='testdb3')
         conn = get_connection('testdb3')
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
         connect('mongoenginetest4', is_mock=True, alias='testdb4')
         conn = get_connection('testdb4')
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
         connect(host='mongodb://localhost:27017/mongoenginetest5', is_mock=True, alias='testdb5')
         conn = get_connection('testdb5')
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
         connect(host='mongomock://localhost:27017/mongoenginetest6', alias='testdb6')
         conn = get_connection('testdb6')
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
         connect(host='mongomock://localhost:27017/mongoenginetest7', is_mock=True, alias='testdb7')
         conn = get_connection('testdb7')
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
     def test_connect_with_host_list(self):
         """Ensure that the connect() method works when host is a list
@@ -97,27 +97,27 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         connect(host=['mongomock://localhost'])
         conn = get_connection()
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
         connect(host=['mongodb://localhost'], is_mock=True,  alias='testdb2')
         conn = get_connection('testdb2')
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
         connect(host=['localhost'], is_mock=True,  alias='testdb3')
         conn = get_connection('testdb3')
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
         connect(host=['mongomock://localhost:27017', 'mongomock://localhost:27018'], alias='testdb4')
         conn = get_connection('testdb4')
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
         connect(host=['mongodb://localhost:27017', 'mongodb://localhost:27018'], is_mock=True,  alias='testdb5')
         conn = get_connection('testdb5')
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
         connect(host=['localhost:27017', 'localhost:27018'], is_mock=True,  alias='testdb6')
         conn = get_connection('testdb6')
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
     def test_disconnect(self):
         """Ensure that the disconnect() method works properly
@@ -163,10 +163,10 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         connect("testdb_uri", host='mongodb://username:password@localhost/mongoenginetest')
 
         conn = get_connection()
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient))
+        self.assertIsInstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
 
         db = get_db()
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(db, pymongo.database.Database))
+        self.assertIsInstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
         self.assertEqual(db.name, 'mongoenginetest')
 
         c.admin.system.users.remove({})
@@ -179,10 +179,10 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         connect("mongoenginetest", host='mongodb://localhost/')
 
         conn = get_connection()
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient))
+        self.assertIsInstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
 
         db = get_db()
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(db, pymongo.database.Database))
+        self.assertIsInstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
         self.assertEqual(db.name, 'mongoenginetest')
 
     def test_connect_uri_default_db(self):
@@ -192,10 +192,10 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         connect(host='mongodb://localhost/')
 
         conn = get_connection()
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient))
+        self.assertIsInstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
 
         db = get_db()
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(db, pymongo.database.Database))
+        self.assertIsInstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
         self.assertEqual(db.name, 'test')
 
     def test_uri_without_credentials_doesnt_override_conn_settings(self):
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
                   'mongoenginetest?authSource=admin')
         )
         db = get_db('test2')
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(db, pymongo.database.Database))
+        self.assertIsInstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
         self.assertEqual(db.name, 'mongoenginetest')
 
         # Clear all users
@@ -255,10 +255,10 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertRaises(MongoEngineConnectionError, get_connection)
         conn = get_connection('testdb')
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient))
+        self.assertIsInstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
 
         db = get_db('testdb')
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(db, pymongo.database.Database))
+        self.assertIsInstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
         self.assertEqual(db.name, 'mongoenginetest2')
 
     def test_register_connection_defaults(self):
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         register_connection('testdb', 'mongoenginetest', host=None, port=None)
 
         conn = get_connection('testdb')
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient))
+        self.assertIsInstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
 
     def test_connection_kwargs(self):
         """Ensure that connection kwargs get passed to pymongo."""
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         if IS_PYMONGO_3:
             c = connect(host='mongodb://localhost/test?replicaSet=local-rs')
             db = get_db()
-            self.assertTrue(isinstance(db, pymongo.database.Database))
+            self.assertIsInstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
             self.assertEqual(db.name, 'test')
         else:
             # PyMongo < v3.x raises an exception:
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(c._MongoClient__options.replica_set_name,
                              'local-rs')
             db = get_db()
-            self.assertTrue(isinstance(db, pymongo.database.Database))
+            self.assertIsInstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
             self.assertEqual(db.name, 'test')
         else:
             # PyMongo < v3.x raises an exception:
@@ -364,6 +364,12 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         date_doc = DateDoc.objects.first()
         self.assertEqual(d, date_doc.the_date)
 
+    def test_read_preference_from_parse(self):
+        if IS_PYMONGO_3:
+            from pymongo import ReadPreference
+            conn = connect(host="mongodb://a1.vpc,a2.vpc,a3.vpc/prod?readPreference=secondaryPreferred")
+            self.assertEqual(conn.read_preference, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
+
     def test_multiple_connection_settings(self):
         connect('mongoenginetest', alias='t1', host="localhost")
 
@@ -371,8 +377,8 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         mongo_connections = mongoengine.connection._connections
         self.assertEqual(len(mongo_connections.items()), 2)
-        self.assertTrue('t1' in mongo_connections.keys())
+        self.assertIn('t1', mongo_connections.keys())
-        self.assertTrue('t2' in mongo_connections.keys())
+        self.assertIn('t2', mongo_connections.keys())
         if not IS_PYMONGO_3:
             self.assertEqual(mongo_connections['t1'].host, 'localhost')
             self.assertEqual(mongo_connections['t2'].host, '127.0.0.1')

tests/test_context_managers.py

@@ -89,15 +89,15 @@ class ContextManagersTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         with no_dereference(Group) as Group:
             group = Group.objects.first()
-            self.assertTrue(all([not isinstance(m, User)
+            for m in group.members:
-                                for m in group.members]))
+                self.assertNotIsInstance(m, User)
-            self.assertFalse(isinstance(group.ref, User))
+            self.assertNotIsInstance(group.ref, User)
-            self.assertFalse(isinstance(group.generic, User))
+            self.assertNotIsInstance(group.generic, User)
 
-        self.assertTrue(all([isinstance(m, User)
+        for m in group.members:
-                             for m in group.members]))
+            self.assertIsInstance(m, User)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(group.ref, User))
+        self.assertIsInstance(group.ref, User)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(group.generic, User))
+        self.assertIsInstance(group.generic, User)
 
     def test_no_dereference_context_manager_dbref(self):
         """Ensure that DBRef items in ListFields aren't dereferenced.
@@ -129,19 +129,17 @@ class ContextManagersTest(unittest.TestCase):
             group = Group.objects.first()
             self.assertTrue(all([not isinstance(m, User)
                                 for m in group.members]))
-            self.assertFalse(isinstance(group.ref, User))
+            self.assertNotIsInstance(group.ref, User)
-            self.assertFalse(isinstance(group.generic, User))
+            self.assertNotIsInstance(group.generic, User)
 
         self.assertTrue(all([isinstance(m, User)
                              for m in group.members]))
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(group.ref, User))
+        self.assertIsInstance(group.ref, User)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(group.generic, User))
+        self.assertIsInstance(group.generic, User)
 
     def test_no_sub_classes(self):
         class A(Document):
             x = IntField()
-            y = IntField()
-
             meta = {'allow_inheritance': True}
 
         class B(A):
@@ -152,29 +150,29 @@ class ContextManagersTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         A.drop_collection()
 
-        A(x=10, y=20).save()
+        A(x=10).save()
-        A(x=15, y=30).save()
+        A(x=15).save()
-        B(x=20, y=40).save()
+        B(x=20).save()
-        B(x=30, y=50).save()
+        B(x=30).save()
-        C(x=40, y=60).save()
+        C(x=40).save()
 
         self.assertEqual(A.objects.count(), 5)
         self.assertEqual(B.objects.count(), 3)
         self.assertEqual(C.objects.count(), 1)
 
-        with no_sub_classes(A) as A:
+        with no_sub_classes(A):
             self.assertEqual(A.objects.count(), 2)
 
             for obj in A.objects:
                 self.assertEqual(obj.__class__, A)
 
-        with no_sub_classes(B) as B:
+        with no_sub_classes(B):
             self.assertEqual(B.objects.count(), 2)
 
             for obj in B.objects:
                 self.assertEqual(obj.__class__, B)
 
-        with no_sub_classes(C) as C:
+        with no_sub_classes(C):
             self.assertEqual(C.objects.count(), 1)
 
             for obj in C.objects:
@@ -185,18 +183,125 @@ class ContextManagersTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(B.objects.count(), 3)
         self.assertEqual(C.objects.count(), 1)
 
+    def test_no_sub_classes_modification_to_document_class_are_temporary(self):
+        class A(Document):
+            x = IntField()
+            meta = {'allow_inheritance': True}
+
+        class B(A):
+            z = IntField()
+
+        self.assertEqual(A._subclasses, ('A', 'A.B'))
+        with no_sub_classes(A):
+            self.assertEqual(A._subclasses, ('A',))
+        self.assertEqual(A._subclasses, ('A', 'A.B'))
+
+        self.assertEqual(B._subclasses, ('A.B',))
+        with no_sub_classes(B):
+            self.assertEqual(B._subclasses, ('A.B',))
+        self.assertEqual(B._subclasses, ('A.B',))
+
+    def test_no_subclass_context_manager_does_not_swallow_exception(self):
+        class User(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            with no_sub_classes(User):
+                raise TypeError()
+
+    def test_query_counter_does_not_swallow_exception(self):
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            with query_counter() as q:
+                raise TypeError()
+
+    def test_query_counter_temporarily_modifies_profiling_level(self):
+        connect('mongoenginetest')
+        db = get_db()
+
+        initial_profiling_level = db.profiling_level()
+
+        try:
+            NEW_LEVEL = 1
+            db.set_profiling_level(NEW_LEVEL)
+            self.assertEqual(db.profiling_level(), NEW_LEVEL)
+            with query_counter() as q:
+                self.assertEqual(db.profiling_level(), 2)
+            self.assertEqual(db.profiling_level(), NEW_LEVEL)
+        except Exception:
+            db.set_profiling_level(initial_profiling_level)    # Ensures it gets reseted no matter the outcome of the test
+            raise
+
     def test_query_counter(self):
         connect('mongoenginetest')
         db = get_db()
-        db.test.find({})
+
+        collection = db.query_counter
+        collection.drop()
+
+        def issue_1_count_query():
+            collection.find({}).count()
+
+        def issue_1_insert_query():
+            collection.insert_one({'test': 'garbage'})
+
+        def issue_1_find_query():
+            collection.find_one()
+
+        counter = 0
+        with query_counter() as q:
+            self.assertEqual(q, counter)
+            self.assertEqual(q, counter)    # Ensures previous count query did not get counted
+
+            for _ in range(10):
+                issue_1_insert_query()
+                counter += 1
+            self.assertEqual(q, counter)
+
+            for _ in range(4):
+                issue_1_find_query()
+                counter += 1
+            self.assertEqual(q, counter)
+
+            for _ in range(3):
+                issue_1_count_query()
+                counter += 1
+            self.assertEqual(q, counter)
+
+    def test_query_counter_counts_getmore_queries(self):
+        connect('mongoenginetest')
+        db = get_db()
+
+        collection = db.query_counter
+        collection.drop()
+
+        many_docs = [{'test': 'garbage %s' % i} for i in range(150)]
+        collection.insert_many(many_docs)   # first batch of documents contains 101 documents
 
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(0, q)
+            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            list(collection.find())
+            self.assertEqual(q, 2)  # 1st select + 1 getmore
 
-            for i in range(1, 51):
+    def test_query_counter_ignores_particular_queries(self):
-                db.test.find({}).count()
+        connect('mongoenginetest')
+        db = get_db()
 
-            self.assertEqual(50, q)
+        collection = db.query_counter
+        collection.insert_many([{'test': 'garbage %s' % i} for i in range(10)])
+
+        with query_counter() as q:
+            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            cursor = collection.find()
+            self.assertEqual(q, 0)      # cursor wasn't opened yet
+            _ = next(cursor)            # opens the cursor and fires the find query
+            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
+
+            cursor.close()              # issues a `killcursors` query that is ignored by the context
+            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
+
+            _ = db.system.indexes.find_one()    # queries on db.system.indexes are ignored as well
+            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

tests/test_datastructures.py

@@ -1,6 +1,21 @@
 import unittest
 
-from mongoengine.base.datastructures import StrictDict, SemiStrictDict
+from mongoengine.base.datastructures import StrictDict, BaseList
+
+
+class TestBaseList(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_iter_simple(self):
+        values = [True, False, True, False]
+        base_list = BaseList(values, instance=None, name='my_name')
+        self.assertEqual(values, list(base_list))
+
+    def test_iter_allow_modification_while_iterating_withou_error(self):
+        # regular list allows for this, thus this subclass must comply to that
+        base_list = BaseList([True, False, True, False], instance=None, name='my_name')
+        for idx, val in enumerate(base_list):
+            if val:
+                base_list.pop(idx)
 
 
 class TestStrictDict(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -76,44 +91,5 @@ class TestStrictDict(unittest.TestCase):
         assert dict(**d) == {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
 
 
-class TestSemiSrictDict(TestStrictDict):
-    def strict_dict_class(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return SemiStrictDict.create(*args, **kwargs)
-
-    def test_init_fails_on_nonexisting_attrs(self):
-        # disable irrelevant test
-        pass
-
-    def test_setattr_raises_on_nonexisting_attr(self):
-        # disable irrelevant test
-        pass
-
-    def test_setattr_getattr_nonexisting_attr_succeeds(self):
-        d = self.dtype()
-        d.x = 1
-        self.assertEqual(d.x, 1)
-
-    def test_init_succeeds_with_nonexisting_attrs(self):
-        d = self.dtype(a=1, b=1, c=1, x=2)
-        self.assertEqual((d.a, d.b, d.c, d.x), (1, 1, 1, 2))
-
-    def test_iter_with_nonexisting_attrs(self):
-        d = self.dtype(a=1, b=1, c=1, x=2)
-        self.assertEqual(list(d), ['a', 'b', 'c', 'x'])
-
-    def test_iteritems_with_nonexisting_attrs(self):
-        d = self.dtype(a=1, b=1, c=1, x=2)
-        self.assertEqual(list(d.iteritems()), [('a', 1), ('b', 1), ('c', 1), ('x', 2)])
-
-    def tets_cmp_with_strict_dicts(self):
-        d = self.dtype(a=1, b=1, c=1)
-        dd = StrictDict.create(("a", "b", "c"))(a=1, b=1, c=1)
-        self.assertEqual(d, dd)
-
-    def test_cmp_with_strict_dict_with_nonexisting_attrs(self):
-        d = self.dtype(a=1, b=1, c=1, x=2)
-        dd = StrictDict.create(("a", "b", "c", "x"))(a=1, b=1, c=1, x=2)
-        self.assertEqual(d, dd)
-
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

tests/test_dereference.py

@@ -200,8 +200,8 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         group = Group(author=user, members=[user]).save()
 
         raw_data = Group._get_collection().find_one()
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(raw_data['author'], DBRef))
+        self.assertIsInstance(raw_data['author'], DBRef)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(raw_data['members'][0], DBRef))
+        self.assertIsInstance(raw_data['members'][0], DBRef)
         group = Group.objects.first()
 
         self.assertEqual(group.author, user)
@@ -224,8 +224,8 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(group.members, [user])
 
         raw_data = Group._get_collection().find_one()
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(raw_data['author'], ObjectId))
+        self.assertIsInstance(raw_data['author'], ObjectId)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(raw_data['members'][0], ObjectId))
+        self.assertIsInstance(raw_data['members'][0], ObjectId)
 
     def test_recursive_reference(self):
         """Ensure that ReferenceFields can reference their own documents.
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(q, 4)
 
             for m in group_obj.members:
-                self.assertTrue('User' in m.__class__.__name__)
+                self.assertIn('User', m.__class__.__name__)
 
         # Document select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(q, 4)
 
             for m in group_obj.members:
-                self.assertTrue('User' in m.__class__.__name__)
+                self.assertIn('User', m.__class__.__name__)
 
         # Queryset select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 self.assertEqual(q, 4)
 
                 for m in group_obj.members:
-                    self.assertTrue('User' in m.__class__.__name__)
+                    self.assertIn('User', m.__class__.__name__)
 
         UserA.drop_collection()
         UserB.drop_collection()
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(q, 4)
 
             for m in group_obj.members:
-                self.assertTrue('User' in m.__class__.__name__)
+                self.assertIn('User', m.__class__.__name__)
 
         # Document select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(q, 4)
 
             for m in group_obj.members:
-                self.assertTrue('User' in m.__class__.__name__)
+                self.assertIn('User', m.__class__.__name__)
 
         # Queryset select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 self.assertEqual(q, 4)
 
                 for m in group_obj.members:
-                    self.assertTrue('User' in m.__class__.__name__)
+                    self.assertIn('User', m.__class__.__name__)
 
         UserA.drop_collection()
         UserB.drop_collection()
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(q, 2)
 
             for k, m in group_obj.members.iteritems():
-                self.assertTrue(isinstance(m, User))
+                self.assertIsInstance(m, User)
 
         # Document select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(q, 2)
 
             for k, m in group_obj.members.iteritems():
-                self.assertTrue(isinstance(m, User))
+                self.assertIsInstance(m, User)
 
        # Queryset select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 self.assertEqual(q, 2)
 
                 for k, m in group_obj.members.iteritems():
-                    self.assertTrue(isinstance(m, User))
+                    self.assertIsInstance(m, User)
 
         User.drop_collection()
         Group.drop_collection()
@@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(q, 4)
 
             for k, m in group_obj.members.iteritems():
-                self.assertTrue('User' in m.__class__.__name__)
+                self.assertIn('User', m.__class__.__name__)
 
         # Document select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(q, 4)
 
             for k, m in group_obj.members.iteritems():
-                self.assertTrue('User' in m.__class__.__name__)
+                self.assertIn('User', m.__class__.__name__)
 
         # Queryset select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 self.assertEqual(q, 4)
 
                 for k, m in group_obj.members.iteritems():
-                    self.assertTrue('User' in m.__class__.__name__)
+                    self.assertIn('User', m.__class__.__name__)
 
         Group.objects.delete()
         Group().save()
@@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(q, 2)
 
             for k, m in group_obj.members.iteritems():
-                self.assertTrue(isinstance(m, UserA))
+                self.assertIsInstance(m, UserA)
 
         # Document select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
@@ -822,7 +822,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(q, 2)
 
             for k, m in group_obj.members.iteritems():
-                self.assertTrue(isinstance(m, UserA))
+                self.assertIsInstance(m, UserA)
 
         # Queryset select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
@@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 self.assertEqual(q, 2)
 
                 for k, m in group_obj.members.iteritems():
-                    self.assertTrue(isinstance(m, UserA))
+                    self.assertIsInstance(m, UserA)
 
         UserA.drop_collection()
         Group.drop_collection()
@@ -894,7 +894,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(q, 4)
 
             for k, m in group_obj.members.iteritems():
-                self.assertTrue('User' in m.__class__.__name__)
+                self.assertIn('User', m.__class__.__name__)
 
         # Document select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
@@ -910,7 +910,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(q, 4)
 
             for k, m in group_obj.members.iteritems():
-                self.assertTrue('User' in m.__class__.__name__)
+                self.assertIn('User', m.__class__.__name__)
 
         # Queryset select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
@@ -927,7 +927,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 self.assertEqual(q, 4)
 
                 for k, m in group_obj.members.iteritems():
-                    self.assertTrue('User' in m.__class__.__name__)
+                    self.assertIn('User', m.__class__.__name__)
 
         Group.objects.delete()
         Group().save()
@@ -1209,10 +1209,10 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # Can't use query_counter across databases - so test the _data object
         book = Book.objects.first()
-        self.assertFalse(isinstance(book._data['author'], User))
+        self.assertNotIsInstance(book._data['author'], User)
 
         book.select_related()
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(book._data['author'], User))
+        self.assertIsInstance(book._data['author'], User)
 
     def test_non_ascii_pk(self):
         """

tests/test_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import unittest
+import re
+
+from mongoengine.base.utils import LazyRegexCompiler
+
+signal_output = []
+
+
+class LazyRegexCompilerTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_lazy_regex_compiler_verify_laziness_of_descriptor(self):
+        class UserEmail(object):
+            EMAIL_REGEX = LazyRegexCompiler('@', flags=32)
+
+        descriptor = UserEmail.__dict__['EMAIL_REGEX']
+        self.assertIsNone(descriptor._compiled_regex)
+
+        regex = UserEmail.EMAIL_REGEX
+        self.assertEqual(regex, re.compile('@', flags=32))
+        self.assertEqual(regex.search('user@domain.com').group(), '@')
+
+        user_email = UserEmail()
+        self.assertIs(user_email.EMAIL_REGEX, UserEmail.EMAIL_REGEX)
+
+    def test_lazy_regex_compiler_verify_cannot_set_descriptor_on_instance(self):
+        class UserEmail(object):
+            EMAIL_REGEX = LazyRegexCompiler('@')
+
+        user_email = UserEmail()
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+            user_email.EMAIL_REGEX = re.compile('@')
+
+    def test_lazy_regex_compiler_verify_can_override_class_attr(self):
+        class UserEmail(object):
+            EMAIL_REGEX = LazyRegexCompiler('@')
+
+        UserEmail.EMAIL_REGEX = re.compile('cookies')
+        self.assertEqual(UserEmail.EMAIL_REGEX.search('Cake & cookies').group(), 'cookies')

tests/utils.py

@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@ from mongoengine.connection import get_db, get_connection
 from mongoengine.python_support import IS_PYMONGO_3
 
 
-MONGO_TEST_DB = 'mongoenginetest'
+MONGO_TEST_DB = 'mongoenginetest'   # standard name for the test database
 
 
 class MongoDBTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     """Base class for tests that need a mongodb connection
-    db is being dropped automatically
+    It ensures that the db is clean at the beginning and dropped at the end automatically
     """
 
     @classmethod
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ def get_mongodb_version():
     """
     return tuple(get_connection().server_info()['versionArray'])
 
+
 def _decorated_with_ver_requirement(func, ver_tuple):
     """Return a given function decorated with the version requirement
     for a particular MongoDB version tuple.
@@ -50,18 +51,21 @@ def _decorated_with_ver_requirement(func, ver_tuple):
 
     return _inner
 
+
 def needs_mongodb_v26(func):
     """Raise a SkipTest exception if we're working with MongoDB version
     lower than v2.6.
     """
     return _decorated_with_ver_requirement(func, (2, 6))
 
+
 def needs_mongodb_v3(func):
     """Raise a SkipTest exception if we're working with MongoDB version
     lower than v3.0.
     """
     return _decorated_with_ver_requirement(func, (3, 0))
 
+
 def skip_pymongo3(f):
     """Raise a SkipTest exception if we're running a test against
     PyMongo v3.x.

tox.ini

@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 [tox]
-envlist = {py27,py35,pypy,pypy3}-{mg27,mg28,mg30}
+envlist = {py27,py35,pypy,pypy3}-{mg35,mg3x}
 
 [testenv]
 commands =
     python setup.py nosetests {posargs}
 deps =
     nose
-    mg27: PyMongo<2.8
+    mg35: PyMongo==3.5
-    mg28: PyMongo>=2.8,<2.9
+    mg3x: PyMongo>=3.0,<3.7
-    mg30: PyMongo>=3.0
 setenv =
     PYTHON_EGG_CACHE = {envdir}/python-eggs