Merge branch 'master' of github.com:MongoEngine/mongoengine into mongodb_40

.travis.yml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # with a very large number of jobs, hence we only test a subset of all the
 # combinations:
 # * MongoDB v3.4 & the latest PyMongo v3.x is currently the "main" setup,
-#   tested against Python v2.7, v3.5, v3.6, v3.7, PyPy and PyPy3.
+#   tested against Python v2.7, v3.5, v3.6, v3.7, v3.8, PyPy and PyPy3.
 # * Besides that, we test the lowest actively supported Python/MongoDB/PyMongo
 #   combination: MongoDB v3.4, PyMongo v3.4, Python v2.7.
 # * MongoDB v3.6 is tested against Python v3.6, and PyMongo v3.6, v3.7, v3.8.
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ python:
 - 3.5
 - 3.6
 - 3.7
+- 3.8
 - pypy
 - pypy3
 
@@ -33,11 +34,12 @@ env:
     - MONGODB_4_0=4.0.12
     - MONGODB_3_4=3.4.17
     - MONGODB_3_6=3.6.12
+    - PYMONGO_3_10=3.10
     - PYMONGO_3_9=3.9
     - PYMONGO_3_6=3.6
     - PYMONGO_3_4=3.4
   matrix:
-    - MONGODB=${MONGODB_3_4} PYMONGO=${PYMONGO_3_9}
+    - MONGODB=${MONGODB_3_4} PYMONGO=${PYMONGO_3_10}
 
 matrix:
   # Finish the build as soon as one job fails
@@ -49,7 +51,11 @@ matrix:
   - python: 3.7
     env: MONGODB=${MONGODB_3_6} PYMONGO=${PYMONGO_3_6}
   - python: 3.7
-    env: MONGODB=${MONGODB_4_0} PYMONGO=${PYMONGO_3_9}
+    env: MONGODB=${MONGODB_3_6} PYMONGO=${PYMONGO_3_9}
+  - python: 3.7
+    env: MONGODB=${MONGODB_3_6} PYMONGO=${PYMONGO_3_10}
+  - python: 3.8
+    env: MONGODB=${MONGODB_4_0} PYMONGO=${PYMONGO_3_10}
 
 install:
   # Install Mongo
@@ -62,8 +68,8 @@ install:
   - pip install flake8 flake8-import-order
   - pip install tox         # tox 3.11.0 has requirement virtualenv>=14.0.0
   - pip install virtualenv  # virtualenv>=14.0.0 has dropped Python 3.2 support (and pypy3 is based on py32)
-  # Install the tox venv.
+  # tox dryrun to setup the tox venv (we run a mock test).
-  - tox -e $(echo py$TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION-mg$PYMONGO | tr -d . | sed -e 's/pypypy/pypy/') -- -e test
+  - tox -e $(echo py$TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION-mg$PYMONGO | tr -d . | sed -e 's/pypypy/pypy/') -- -a "-k=test_ci_placeholder"
   # Install black for Python v3.7 only.
   - if [[ $TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION == '3.7' ]]; then pip install black; fi
 
@@ -75,13 +81,13 @@ before_script:
   - mongo --eval 'db.version();'    # Make sure mongo is awake
 
 script:
-  - tox -e $(echo py$TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION-mg$PYMONGO | tr -d . | sed -e 's/pypypy/pypy/') -- --with-coverage
+  - tox -e $(echo py$TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION-mg$PYMONGO | tr -d . | sed -e 's/pypypy/pypy/') -- -a "--cov=mongoengine"
 
 # For now only submit coveralls for Python v2.7. Python v3.x currently shows
 # 0% coverage. That's caused by 'use_2to3', which builds the py3-compatible
 # code in a separate dir and runs tests on that.
 after_success:
-- if [[ $TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION == '2.7' ]]; then coveralls --verbose; fi
+- if [[ $TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION == '2.7' ]]; then coveralls --verbose; else echo "coveralls only sent for py27"; fi
 
 notifications:
   irc: irc.freenode.org#mongoengine
@@ -109,5 +115,5 @@ deploy:
   on:
     tags: true
     repo: MongoEngine/mongoengine
-    condition: ($PYMONGO = ${PYMONGO_3_6}) && ($MONGODB = ${MONGODB_3_4})
+    condition: ($PYMONGO = ${PYMONGO_3_10}) && ($MONGODB = ${MONGODB_3_4})
     python: 2.7

AUTHORS

@@ -252,3 +252,6 @@ that much better:
  * Paulo Amaral (https://github.com/pauloAmaral)
  * Gaurav Dadhania (https://github.com/GVRV)
  * Yurii Andrieiev (https://github.com/yandrieiev)
+ * Filip Kucharczyk (https://github.com/Pacu2)
+ * Eric Timmons (https://github.com/daewok)
+ * Matthew Simpson (https://github.com/mcsimps2)

CONTRIBUTING.rst

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ General Guidelines
   should adapt to the breaking change in docs/upgrade.rst.
 - Write inline documentation for new classes and methods.
 - Write tests and make sure they pass (make sure you have a mongod
-  running on the default port, then execute ``python setup.py nosetests``
+  running on the default port, then execute ``python setup.py test``
   from the cmd line to run the test suite).
 - Ensure tests pass on all supported Python, PyMongo, and MongoDB versions.
   You can test various Python and PyMongo versions locally by executing

README.rst

@@ -91,12 +91,11 @@ Some simple examples of what MongoEngine code looks like:
 
     # Iterate over all posts using the BlogPost superclass
     >>> for post in BlogPost.objects:
-    ...     print '===', post.title, '==='
+    ...     print('===', post.title, '===')
     ...     if isinstance(post, TextPost):
-    ...         print post.content
+    ...         print(post.content)
     ...     elif isinstance(post, LinkPost):
-    ...         print 'Link:', post.url
+    ...         print('Link:', post.url)
-    ...     print
     ...
 
     # Count all blog posts and its subtypes
@@ -116,7 +115,8 @@ Some simple examples of what MongoEngine code looks like:
 Tests
 =====
 To run the test suite, ensure you are running a local instance of MongoDB on
-the standard port and have ``nose`` installed. Then, run ``python setup.py nosetests``.
+the standard port and have ``pytest`` installed. Then, run ``python setup.py test``
+or simply ``pytest``.
 
 To run the test suite on every supported Python and PyMongo version, you can
 use ``tox``. You'll need to make sure you have each supported Python version
@@ -129,16 +129,14 @@ installed in your environment and then:
     # Run the test suites
     $ tox
 
-If you wish to run a subset of tests, use the nosetests convention:
+If you wish to run a subset of tests, use the pytest convention:
 
 .. code-block:: shell
 
     # Run all the tests in a particular test file
-    $ python setup.py nosetests --tests tests/fields/fields.py
+    $ pytest tests/fields/test_fields.py
     # Run only particular test class in that file
-    $ python setup.py nosetests --tests tests/fields/fields.py:FieldTest
+    $ pytest tests/fields/test_fields.py::TestField
-    # Use the -s option if you want to print some debug statements or use pdb
-    $ python setup.py nosetests --tests tests/fields/fields.py:FieldTest -s
 
 Community
 =========

docs/changelog.rst

@@ -6,6 +6,15 @@ Changelog
 Development
 ===========
 - (Fill this out as you fix issues and develop your features).
+
+Changes in 0.19.1
+=================
+- Requires Pillow < 7.0.0 as it dropped Python2 support
+- DEPRECATION: The interface of ``QuerySet.aggregate`` method was changed, it no longer takes an unpacked list of
+    pipeline steps (*pipeline) but simply takes the pipeline list just like ``pymongo.Collection.aggregate`` does. #2079
+
+Changes in 0.19.0
+=================
 - BREAKING CHANGE: ``class_check`` and ``read_preference`` keyword arguments are no longer available when filtering a ``QuerySet``. #2112
     - Instead of ``Doc.objects(foo=bar, read_preference=...)`` use ``Doc.objects(foo=bar).read_preference(...)``.
     - Instead of ``Doc.objects(foo=bar, class_check=False)`` use ``Doc.objects(foo=bar).clear_cls_query(...)``.
@@ -15,10 +24,23 @@ Development
     - If you catch/use ``MongoEngineConnectionError`` in your code, you'll have to rename it.
 - BREAKING CHANGE: Positional arguments when instantiating a document are no longer supported. #2103
     - From now on keyword arguments (e.g. ``Doc(field_name=value)``) are required.
+- BREAKING CHANGE: A ``LazyReferenceField`` is now stored in the ``_data`` field of its parent as a ``DBRef``, ``Document``, or ``EmbeddedDocument`` (``ObjectId`` is no longer allowed). #2182
+- DEPRECATION: ``Q.empty`` & ``QNode.empty`` are marked as deprecated and will be removed in a next version of MongoEngine. #2210
+    - Added ability to check if Q or QNode are empty by parsing them to bool.
+    - Instead of ``Q(name="John").empty`` use ``not Q(name="John")``.
 - Fix updating/modifying/deleting/reloading a document that's sharded by a field with ``db_field`` specified. #2125
+- Only set no_cursor_timeout when requested (fixes an incompatibility with MongoDB 4.2) #2148
 - ``ListField`` now accepts an optional ``max_length`` parameter. #2110
+- Improve error message related to InvalidDocumentError #2180
+- Added BulkWriteError to replace NotUniqueError which was misleading in bulk write insert #2152
+- Added ability to compare Q and Q operations #2204
+- Added ability to use a db alias on query_counter #2194
+- Added ability to specify collations for querysets with ``Doc.objects.collation`` #2024
+- Fix updates of a list field by negative index #2094
+- Switch from nosetest to pytest as test runner #2114
 - The codebase is now formatted using ``black``. #2109
-- In bulk write insert, the detailed error message would raise in exception.
+- Documentation improvements:
+    - Documented how `pymongo.monitoring` can be used to log all queries issued by MongoEngine to the driver.
 
 Changes in 0.18.2
 =================

docs/conf.py

@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
 # All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out
 # serve to show the default.
 
-import sys, os
+import os
+import sys
 
 import sphinx_rtd_theme
 

docs/faq.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+==========================
+Frequently Asked Questions
+==========================
+
+Does MongoEngine support asynchronous drivers (Motor, TxMongo)?
+---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+No, MongoEngine is exclusively based on PyMongo and isn't designed to support other driver.
+If this is a requirement for your project, check the alternative:  `uMongo`_ and `MotorEngine`_.
+
+.. _uMongo: https://umongo.readthedocs.io/
+.. _MotorEngine: https://motorengine.readthedocs.io/
+

docs/guide/defining-documents.rst

@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ Its value can take any of the following constants:
   Deletion is denied if there still exist references to the object being
   deleted.
 :const:`mongoengine.NULLIFY`
-  Any object's fields still referring to the object being deleted are removed
+  Any object's fields still referring to the object being deleted are set to None
   (using MongoDB's "unset" operation), effectively nullifying the relationship.
 :const:`mongoengine.CASCADE`
   Any object containing fields that are referring to the object being deleted
@@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ Document inheritance
 
 To create a specialised type of a :class:`~mongoengine.Document` you have
 defined, you may subclass it and add any extra fields or methods you may need.
-As this is new class is not a direct subclass of
+As this new class is not a direct subclass of
 :class:`~mongoengine.Document`, it will not be stored in its own collection; it
 will use the same collection as its superclass uses. This allows for more
 convenient and efficient retrieval of related documents -- all you need do is
@@ -767,6 +767,27 @@ document.::
           Setting :attr:`allow_inheritance` to True should also be used in
           :class:`~mongoengine.EmbeddedDocument` class in case you need to subclass it
 
+When it comes to querying using :attr:`.objects()`, querying `Page.objects()` will query
+both `Page` and `DatedPage` whereas querying `DatedPage` will only query the `DatedPage` documents.
+Behind the scenes, MongoEngine deals with inheritance by adding a :attr:`_cls` attribute that contains
+the class name in every documents. When a document is loaded, MongoEngine checks
+it's :attr:`_cls` attribute and use that class to construct the instance.::
+
+    Page(title='a funky title').save()
+    DatedPage(title='another title', date=datetime.utcnow()).save()
+
+    print(Page.objects().count())         # 2
+    print(DatedPage.objects().count())    # 1
+
+    # print documents in their native form
+    # we remove 'id' to avoid polluting the output with unnecessary detail
+    qs = Page.objects.exclude('id').as_pymongo()
+    print(list(qs))
+    # [
+    #   {'_cls': u 'Page', 'title': 'a funky title'},
+    #   {'_cls': u 'Page.DatedPage', 'title': u 'another title', 'date': datetime.datetime(2019, 12, 13, 20, 16, 59, 993000)}
+    # ]
+
 Working with existing data
 --------------------------
 As MongoEngine no longer defaults to needing :attr:`_cls`, you can quickly and

docs/guide/gridfs.rst

@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@ Writing
 GridFS support comes in the form of the :class:`~mongoengine.fields.FileField` field
 object. This field acts as a file-like object and provides a couple of
 different ways of inserting and retrieving data. Arbitrary metadata such as
-content type can also be stored alongside the files. In the following example,
+content type can also be stored alongside the files. The object returned when accessing a
-a document is created to store details about animals, including a photo::
+FileField is a proxy to `Pymongo's GridFS <https://api.mongodb.com/python/current/examples/gridfs.html#gridfs-example>`_
+In the following example, a document is created to store details about animals, including a photo::
 
     class Animal(Document):
         genus = StringField()
@@ -20,8 +21,8 @@ a document is created to store details about animals, including a photo::
 
     marmot = Animal(genus='Marmota', family='Sciuridae')
 
-    marmot_photo = open('marmot.jpg', 'rb')
+    with open('marmot.jpg', 'rb') as fd:
-    marmot.photo.put(marmot_photo, content_type = 'image/jpeg')
+        marmot.photo.put(fd, content_type = 'image/jpeg')
     marmot.save()
 
 Retrieval
@@ -34,6 +35,20 @@ field. The file can also be retrieved just as easily::
     photo = marmot.photo.read()
     content_type = marmot.photo.content_type
 
+.. note:: If you need to read() the content of a file multiple times, you'll need to "rewind"
+    the file-like object using `seek`::
+
+        marmot = Animal.objects(genus='Marmota').first()
+        content1 = marmot.photo.read()
+        assert content1 != ""
+
+        content2 = marmot.photo.read()    # will be empty
+        assert content2 == ""
+
+        marmot.photo.seek(0)              # rewind the file by setting the current position of the cursor in the file to 0
+        content3 = marmot.photo.read()
+        assert content3 == content1
+
 Streaming
 ---------
 

docs/guide/index.rst

@@ -13,4 +13,5 @@ User Guide
    gridfs
    signals
    text-indexes
+   logging-monitoring
    mongomock

docs/guide/logging-monitoring.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+==================
+Logging/Monitoring
+==================
+
+It is possible to use `pymongo.monitoring <https://api.mongodb.com/python/current/api/pymongo/monitoring.html>`_ to monitor
+the driver events (e.g: queries, connections, etc). This can be handy if you want to monitor the queries issued by
+MongoEngine to the driver.
+
+To use `pymongo.monitoring` with MongoEngine, you need to make sure that you are registering the listeners
+**before** establishing the database connection (i.e calling `connect`):
+
+The following snippet provides a basic logging of all command events:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    import logging
+    from pymongo import monitoring
+    from mongoengine import *
+
+    log = logging.getLogger()
+    log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
+
+
+    class CommandLogger(monitoring.CommandListener):
+
+        def started(self, event):
+            log.debug("Command {0.command_name} with request id "
+                     "{0.request_id} started on server "
+                     "{0.connection_id}".format(event))
+
+        def succeeded(self, event):
+            log.debug("Command {0.command_name} with request id "
+                     "{0.request_id} on server {0.connection_id} "
+                     "succeeded in {0.duration_micros} "
+                     "microseconds".format(event))
+
+        def failed(self, event):
+            log.debug("Command {0.command_name} with request id "
+                     "{0.request_id} on server {0.connection_id} "
+                     "failed in {0.duration_micros} "
+                     "microseconds".format(event))
+
+    monitoring.register(CommandLogger())
+
+
+    class Jedi(Document):
+        name = StringField()
+
+
+    connect()
+
+
+    log.info('GO!')
+
+    log.info('Saving an item through MongoEngine...')
+    Jedi(name='Obi-Wan Kenobii').save()
+
+    log.info('Querying through MongoEngine...')
+    obiwan = Jedi.objects.first()
+
+    log.info('Updating through MongoEngine...')
+    obiwan.name = 'Obi-Wan Kenobi'
+    obiwan.save()
+
+
+Executing this prints the following output::
+
+    INFO:root:GO!
+    INFO:root:Saving an item through MongoEngine...
+    DEBUG:root:Command insert with request id 1681692777 started on server ('localhost', 27017)
+    DEBUG:root:Command insert with request id 1681692777 on server ('localhost', 27017) succeeded in 562 microseconds
+    INFO:root:Querying through MongoEngine...
+    DEBUG:root:Command find with request id 1714636915 started on server ('localhost', 27017)
+    DEBUG:root:Command find with request id 1714636915 on server ('localhost', 27017) succeeded in 341 microseconds
+    INFO:root:Updating through MongoEngine...
+    DEBUG:root:Command update with request id 1957747793 started on server ('localhost', 27017)
+    DEBUG:root:Command update with request id 1957747793 on server ('localhost', 27017) succeeded in 455 microseconds
+
+More details can of course be obtained by checking the `event` argument from the `CommandListener`.

docs/guide/mongomock.rst

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ or with an alias:
     conn = get_connection('testdb')
 
 Example of test file:
---------
+---------------------
 .. code-block:: python
 
     import unittest
@@ -45,4 +45,4 @@ Example of test file:
             pers.save()
 
             fresh_pers = Person.objects().first()
-            self.assertEqual(fresh_pers.name, 'John')
+            assert fresh_pers.name ==  'John'

docs/guide/querying.rst

@@ -222,6 +222,18 @@ keyword argument::
 
 .. versionadded:: 0.4
 
+Sorting/Ordering results
+========================
+It is possible to order the results by 1 or more keys using :meth:`~mongoengine.queryset.QuerySet.order_by`.
+The order may be specified by prepending each of the keys by "+" or "-". Ascending order is assumed if there's no prefix.::
+
+    # Order by ascending date
+    blogs = BlogPost.objects().order_by('date')    # equivalent to .order_by('+date')
+
+    # Order by ascending date first, then descending title
+    blogs = BlogPost.objects().order_by('+date', '-title')
+
+
 Limiting and skipping results
 =============================
 Just as with traditional ORMs, you may limit the number of results returned or
@@ -388,7 +400,7 @@ would be generating "tag-clouds"::
 
 MongoDB aggregation API
 -----------------------
-If you need to run aggregation pipelines, MongoEngine provides an entry point `Pymongo's aggregation framework <https://api.mongodb.com/python/current/examples/aggregation.html#aggregation-framework>`_
+If you need to run aggregation pipelines, MongoEngine provides an entry point to `Pymongo's aggregation framework <https://api.mongodb.com/python/current/examples/aggregation.html#aggregation-framework>`_
 through :meth:`~mongoengine.queryset.QuerySet.aggregate`. Check out Pymongo's documentation for the syntax and pipeline.
 An example of its use would be::
 
@@ -402,7 +414,7 @@ An example of its use would be::
             {"$sort" : {"name" : -1}},
             {"$project": {"_id": 0, "name": {"$toUpper": "$name"}}}
             ]
-        data = Person.objects().aggregate(*pipeline)
+        data = Person.objects().aggregate(pipeline)
         assert data == [{'name': 'BOB'}, {'name': 'JOHN'}]
 
 Query efficiency and performance
@@ -585,7 +597,8 @@ cannot use the `$` syntax in keyword arguments it has been mapped to `S`::
     ['database', 'mongodb']
 
 From MongoDB version 2.6, push operator supports $position value which allows
-to push values with index.
+to push values with index::
+
     >>> post = BlogPost(title="Test", tags=["mongo"])
     >>> post.save()
     >>> post.update(push__tags__0=["database", "code"])

docs/index.rst

@@ -23,9 +23,18 @@ MongoDB. To install it, simply run
 :doc:`upgrade`
   How to upgrade MongoEngine.
 
+:doc:`faq`
+  Frequently Asked Questions
+
 :doc:`django`
   Using MongoEngine and Django
 
+MongoDB and driver support
+--------------------------
+
+MongoEngine is based on the PyMongo driver and tested against multiple versions of MongoDB.
+For further details, please refer to the `readme <https://github.com/MongoEngine/mongoengine#mongoengine>`_.
+
 Community
 ---------
 
@@ -73,6 +82,7 @@ formats for offline reading.
     apireference
     changelog
     upgrade
+    faq
     django
 
 Indices and tables

docs/upgrade.rst

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ rename its occurrences.
 This release includes a major rehaul of MongoEngine's code quality and
 introduces a few breaking changes. It also touches many different parts of
 the package and although all the changes have been tested and scrutinized,
-you're encouraged to thorougly test the upgrade.
+you're encouraged to thoroughly test the upgrade.
 
 First breaking change involves renaming `ConnectionError` to `MongoEngineConnectionError`.
 If you import or catch this exception, you'll need to rename it in your code.

mongoengine/__init__.py

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ __all__ = (
 )
 
 
-VERSION = (0, 18, 2)
+VERSION = (0, 19, 1)
 
 
 def get_version():

mongoengine/base/datastructures.py

@@ -120,6 +120,9 @@ class BaseList(list):
         super(BaseList, self).__init__(list_items)
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
+        # change index to positive value because MongoDB does not support negative one
+        if isinstance(key, int) and key < 0:
+            key = len(self) + key
         value = super(BaseList, self).__getitem__(key)
 
         if isinstance(key, slice):

mongoengine/base/document.py

@@ -62,13 +62,13 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
         """
         Initialise a document or an embedded document.
 
-        :param dict values: A dictionary of keys and values for the document.
+        :param values: A dictionary of keys and values for the document.
             It may contain additional reserved keywords, e.g. "__auto_convert".
-        :param bool __auto_convert: If True, supplied values will be converted
+        :param __auto_convert: If True, supplied values will be converted
             to Python-type values via each field's `to_python` method.
-        :param set __only_fields: A set of fields that have been loaded for
+        :param __only_fields: A set of fields that have been loaded for
             this document. Empty if all fields have been loaded.
-        :param bool _created: Indicates whether this is a brand new document
+        :param _created: Indicates whether this is a brand new document
             or whether it's already been persisted before. Defaults to true.
         """
         self._initialised = False
@@ -732,7 +732,10 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
             only_fields = []
 
         if son and not isinstance(son, dict):
-            raise ValueError("The source SON object needs to be of type 'dict'")
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The source SON object needs to be of type 'dict' but a '%s' was found"
+                % type(son)
+            )
 
         # Get the class name from the document, falling back to the given
         # class if unavailable
@@ -770,7 +773,9 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
                     errors_dict[field_name] = e
 
         if errors_dict:
-            errors = "\n".join(["%s - %s" % (k, v) for k, v in errors_dict.items()])
+            errors = "\n".join(
+                ["Field '%s' - %s" % (k, v) for k, v in errors_dict.items()]
+            )
             msg = "Invalid data to create a `%s` instance.\n%s" % (
                 cls._class_name,
                 errors,

mongoengine/context_managers.py

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ class no_sub_classes(object):
 class query_counter(object):
     """Query_counter context manager to get the number of queries.
     This works by updating the `profiling_level` of the database so that all queries get logged,
-    resetting the db.system.profile collection at the beginnig of the context and counting the new entries.
+    resetting the db.system.profile collection at the beginning of the context and counting the new entries.
 
     This was designed for debugging purpose. In fact it is a global counter so queries issued by other threads/processes
     can interfere with it
@@ -182,10 +182,10 @@ class query_counter(object):
     - Some queries are ignored by default by the counter (killcursors, db.system.indexes)
     """
 
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self, alias=DEFAULT_CONNECTION_NAME):
         """Construct the query_counter
         """
-        self.db = get_db()
+        self.db = get_db(alias=alias)
         self.initial_profiling_level = None
         self._ctx_query_counter = 0  # number of queries issued by the context
 
@@ -247,8 +247,8 @@ class query_counter(object):
             - self._ctx_query_counter
         )
         self._ctx_query_counter += (
-            1
+            1  # Account for the query we just issued to gather the information
-        )  # Account for the query we just issued to gather the information
+        )
         return count
 
 

mongoengine/fields.py

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ from mongoengine.common import _import_class
 from mongoengine.connection import DEFAULT_CONNECTION_NAME, get_db
 from mongoengine.document import Document, EmbeddedDocument
 from mongoengine.errors import DoesNotExist, InvalidQueryError, ValidationError
+from mongoengine.mongodb_support import MONGODB_36, get_mongodb_version
 from mongoengine.python_support import StringIO
 from mongoengine.queryset import DO_NOTHING
 from mongoengine.queryset.base import BaseQuerySet
@@ -1051,6 +1052,15 @@ def key_has_dot_or_dollar(d):
             return True
 
 
+def key_starts_with_dollar(d):
+    """Helper function to recursively determine if any key in a
+    dictionary starts with a dollar
+    """
+    for k, v in d.items():
+        if (k.startswith("$")) or (isinstance(v, dict) and key_starts_with_dollar(v)):
+            return True
+
+
 class DictField(ComplexBaseField):
     """A dictionary field that wraps a standard Python dictionary. This is
     similar to an embedded document, but the structure is not defined.
@@ -1077,11 +1087,18 @@ class DictField(ComplexBaseField):
         if key_not_string(value):
             msg = "Invalid dictionary key - documents must have only string keys"
             self.error(msg)
-        if key_has_dot_or_dollar(value):
+
+        curr_mongo_ver = get_mongodb_version()
+
+        if curr_mongo_ver < MONGODB_36 and key_has_dot_or_dollar(value):
             self.error(
                 'Invalid dictionary key name - keys may not contain "."'
                 ' or startswith "$" characters'
             )
+        elif curr_mongo_ver >= MONGODB_36 and key_starts_with_dollar(value):
+            self.error(
+                'Invalid dictionary key name - keys may not startswith "$" characters'
+            )
         super(DictField, self).validate(value)
 
     def lookup_member(self, member_name):
@@ -2502,6 +2519,13 @@ class LazyReferenceField(BaseField):
         else:
             return pk
 
+    def to_python(self, value):
+        """Convert a MongoDB-compatible type to a Python type."""
+        if not isinstance(value, (DBRef, Document, EmbeddedDocument)):
+            collection = self.document_type._get_collection_name()
+            value = DBRef(collection, self.document_type.id.to_python(value))
+        return value
+
     def validate(self, value):
         if isinstance(value, LazyReference):
             if value.collection != self.document_type._get_collection_name():

mongoengine/queryset/base.py

@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
                 ``insert(..., {w: 2, fsync: True})`` will wait until at least
                 two servers have recorded the write and will force an fsync on
                 each server being written to.
-        :parm signal_kwargs: (optional) kwargs dictionary to be passed to
+        :param signal_kwargs: (optional) kwargs dictionary to be passed to
             the signal calls.
 
         By default returns document instances, set ``load_bulk`` to False to
@@ -1193,9 +1193,7 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
         validate_read_preference("read_preference", read_preference)
         queryset = self.clone()
         queryset._read_preference = read_preference
-        queryset._cursor_obj = (
+        queryset._cursor_obj = None  # we need to re-create the cursor object whenever we apply read_preference
-            None
-        )  # we need to re-create the cursor object whenever we apply read_preference
         return queryset
 
     def scalar(self, *fields):
@@ -1257,16 +1255,27 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
             for data in son_data
         ]
 
-    def aggregate(self, *pipeline, **kwargs):
+    def aggregate(self, pipeline, *suppl_pipeline, **kwargs):
-        """
+        """Perform a aggregate function based in your queryset params
-        Perform a aggregate function based in your queryset params
+
         :param pipeline: list of aggregation commands,\
             see: http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/core/aggregation-pipeline/
-
+        :param suppl_pipeline: unpacked list of pipeline (added to support deprecation of the old interface)
+            parameter will be removed shortly
+        :param kwargs: (optional) kwargs dictionary to be passed to pymongo's aggregate call
+            See https://api.mongodb.com/python/current/api/pymongo/collection.html#pymongo.collection.Collection.aggregate
         .. versionadded:: 0.9
         """
-        initial_pipeline = []
+        using_deprecated_interface = isinstance(pipeline, dict) or bool(suppl_pipeline)
+        user_pipeline = [pipeline] if isinstance(pipeline, dict) else list(pipeline)
 
+        if using_deprecated_interface:
+            msg = "Calling .aggregate() with un unpacked list (*pipeline) is deprecated, it will soon change and will expect a list (similar to pymongo.Collection.aggregate interface), see documentation"
+            warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning)
+
+        user_pipeline += suppl_pipeline
+
+        initial_pipeline = []
         if self._query:
             initial_pipeline.append({"$match": self._query})
 
@@ -1283,14 +1292,14 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
         if self._skip is not None:
             initial_pipeline.append({"$skip": self._skip})
 
-        pipeline = initial_pipeline + list(pipeline)
+        final_pipeline = initial_pipeline + user_pipeline
 
+        collection = self._collection
         if self._read_preference is not None:
-            return self._collection.with_options(
+            collection = self._collection.with_options(
                 read_preference=self._read_preference
-            ).aggregate(pipeline, cursor={}, **kwargs)
+            )
-
+        return collection.aggregate(final_pipeline, cursor={}, **kwargs)
-        return self._collection.aggregate(pipeline, cursor={}, **kwargs)
 
     # JS functionality
     def map_reduce(
@@ -1639,6 +1648,7 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
             ).find(self._query, **self._cursor_args)
         else:
             self._cursor_obj = self._collection.find(self._query, **self._cursor_args)
+
         # Apply "where" clauses to cursor
         if self._where_clause:
             where_clause = self._sub_js_fields(self._where_clause)

mongoengine/queryset/visitor.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import copy
+import warnings
 
 from mongoengine.errors import InvalidQueryError
 from mongoengine.queryset import transform
@@ -96,9 +97,11 @@ class QNode(object):
         """Combine this node with another node into a QCombination
         object.
         """
+        # If the other Q() is empty, ignore it and just use `self`.
         if getattr(other, "empty", True):
             return self
 
+        # Or if this Q is empty, ignore it and just use `other`.
         if self.empty:
             return other
 
@@ -106,6 +109,8 @@ class QNode(object):
 
     @property
     def empty(self):
+        msg = "'empty' property is deprecated in favour of using 'not bool(filter)'"
+        warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning)
         return False
 
     def __or__(self, other):
@@ -135,6 +140,11 @@ class QCombination(QNode):
         op = " & " if self.operation is self.AND else " | "
         return "(%s)" % op.join([repr(node) for node in self.children])
 
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return bool(self.children)
+
+    __nonzero__ = __bool__  # For Py2 support
+
     def accept(self, visitor):
         for i in range(len(self.children)):
             if isinstance(self.children[i], QNode):
@@ -144,8 +154,17 @@ class QCombination(QNode):
 
     @property
     def empty(self):
+        msg = "'empty' property is deprecated in favour of using 'not bool(filter)'"
+        warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning)
         return not bool(self.children)
 
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return (
+            self.__class__ == other.__class__
+            and self.operation == other.operation
+            and self.children == other.children
+        )
+
 
 class Q(QNode):
     """A simple query object, used in a query tree to build up more complex
@@ -158,6 +177,14 @@ class Q(QNode):
     def __repr__(self):
         return "Q(**%s)" % repr(self.query)
 
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return bool(self.query)
+
+    __nonzero__ = __bool__  # For Py2 support
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self.__class__ == other.__class__ and self.query == other.query
+
     def accept(self, visitor):
         return visitor.visit_query(self)
 

requirements.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-nose
 pymongo>=3.4
 six==1.10.0
 Sphinx==1.5.5

setup.cfg

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-[nosetests]
-verbosity=2
-detailed-errors=1
-#tests=tests
-cover-package=mongoengine
-
 [flake8]
 ignore=E501,F401,F403,F405,I201,I202,W504, W605, W503
 exclude=build,dist,docs,venv,venv3,.tox,.eggs,tests
 max-complexity=47
 application-import-names=mongoengine,tests
+
+[tool:pytest]
+# Limits the discovery to tests directory
+# avoids that it runs for instance the benchmark
+testpaths = tests

setup.py

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 import os
 import sys
+
+from pkg_resources import normalize_path
 from setuptools import find_packages, setup
+from setuptools.command.test import test as TestCommand
 
 # Hack to silence atexit traceback in newer python versions
 try:
@@ -24,6 +27,62 @@ def get_version(version_tuple):
     return ".".join(map(str, version_tuple))
 
 
+class PyTest(TestCommand):
+    """Will force pytest to search for tests inside the build directory
+    for 2to3 converted code (used by tox), instead of the current directory.
+    Required as long as we need 2to3
+
+    Known Limitation: https://tox.readthedocs.io/en/latest/example/pytest.html#known-issues-and-limitations
+    Source: https://www.hackzine.org/python-testing-with-pytest-and-2to3-plus-tox-and-travis-ci.html
+    """
+
+    # https://pytest.readthedocs.io/en/2.7.3/goodpractises.html#integration-with-setuptools-test-commands
+    # Allows to provide pytest command argument through the test runner command `python setup.py test`
+    # e.g: `python setup.py test -a "-k=test"`
+    # This only works for 1 argument though
+    user_options = [("pytest-args=", "a", "Arguments to pass to py.test")]
+
+    def initialize_options(self):
+        TestCommand.initialize_options(self)
+        self.pytest_args = ""
+
+    def finalize_options(self):
+        TestCommand.finalize_options(self)
+        self.test_args = ["tests"]
+        self.test_suite = True
+
+    def run_tests(self):
+        # import here, cause outside the eggs aren't loaded
+        from pkg_resources import _namespace_packages
+        import pytest
+
+        # Purge modules under test from sys.modules. The test loader will
+        # re-import them from the build location. Required when 2to3 is used
+        # with namespace packages.
+        if sys.version_info >= (3,) and getattr(self.distribution, "use_2to3", False):
+            module = self.test_args[-1].split(".")[0]
+            if module in _namespace_packages:
+                del_modules = []
+                if module in sys.modules:
+                    del_modules.append(module)
+                module += "."
+                for name in sys.modules:
+                    if name.startswith(module):
+                        del_modules.append(name)
+                map(sys.modules.__delitem__, del_modules)
+
+            # Run on the build directory for 2to3-built code
+            # This will prevent the old 2.x code from being found
+            # by py.test discovery mechanism, that apparently
+            # ignores sys.path..
+            ei_cmd = self.get_finalized_command("egg_info")
+            self.test_args = [normalize_path(ei_cmd.egg_base)]
+
+        cmd_args = self.test_args + ([self.pytest_args] if self.pytest_args else [])
+        errno = pytest.main(cmd_args)
+        sys.exit(errno)
+
+
 # Dirty hack to get version number from monogengine/__init__.py - we can't
 # import it as it depends on PyMongo and PyMongo isn't installed until this
 # file is read
@@ -51,11 +110,17 @@ CLASSIFIERS = [
 
 extra_opts = {
     "packages": find_packages(exclude=["tests", "tests.*"]),
-    "tests_require": ["nose", "coverage==4.2", "blinker", "Pillow>=2.0.0"],
+    "tests_require": [
+        "pytest<5.0",
+        "pytest-cov",
+        "coverage<5.0",  # recent coverage switched to sqlite format for the .coverage file which isn't handled properly by coveralls
+        "blinker",
+        "Pillow>=2.0.0, <7.0.0",  # 7.0.0 dropped Python2 support
+    ],
 }
 if sys.version_info[0] == 3:
     extra_opts["use_2to3"] = True
-    if "test" in sys.argv or "nosetests" in sys.argv:
+    if "test" in sys.argv:
         extra_opts["packages"] = find_packages()
         extra_opts["package_data"] = {
             "tests": ["fields/mongoengine.png", "fields/mongodb_leaf.png"]
@@ -78,7 +143,7 @@ setup(
     long_description=LONG_DESCRIPTION,
     platforms=["any"],
     classifiers=CLASSIFIERS,
-    install_requires=["pymongo>=3.4", "six"],
+    install_requires=["pymongo>=3.4, <4.0", "six>=1.10.0"],
-    test_suite="nose.collector",
+    cmdclass={"test": PyTest},
     **extra_opts
 )

tests/all_warnings/test_warnings.py

@@ -31,7 +31,5 @@ class TestAllWarnings(unittest.TestCase):
             meta = {"collection": "fail"}
 
         warning = self.warning_list[0]
-        self.assertEqual(SyntaxWarning, warning["category"])
+        assert SyntaxWarning == warning["category"]
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert "non_abstract_base" == InheritedDocumentFailTest._get_collection_name()
-            "non_abstract_base", InheritedDocumentFailTest._get_collection_name()
-        )

tests/document/test_class_methods.py

@@ -29,43 +29,40 @@ class TestClassMethods(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_definition(self):
         """Ensure that document may be defined using fields.
         """
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert ["_cls", "age", "id", "name"] == sorted(self.Person._fields.keys())
-            ["_cls", "age", "id", "name"], sorted(self.Person._fields.keys())
+        assert ["IntField", "ObjectIdField", "StringField", "StringField"] == sorted(
-        )
+            [x.__class__.__name__ for x in self.Person._fields.values()]
-        self.assertEqual(
-            ["IntField", "ObjectIdField", "StringField", "StringField"],
-            sorted([x.__class__.__name__ for x in self.Person._fields.values()]),
         )
 
     def test_get_db(self):
         """Ensure that get_db returns the expected db.
         """
         db = self.Person._get_db()
-        self.assertEqual(self.db, db)
+        assert self.db == db
 
     def test_get_collection_name(self):
         """Ensure that get_collection_name returns the expected collection
         name.
         """
         collection_name = "person"
-        self.assertEqual(collection_name, self.Person._get_collection_name())
+        assert collection_name == self.Person._get_collection_name()
 
     def test_get_collection(self):
         """Ensure that get_collection returns the expected collection.
         """
         collection_name = "person"
         collection = self.Person._get_collection()
-        self.assertEqual(self.db[collection_name], collection)
+        assert self.db[collection_name] == collection
 
     def test_drop_collection(self):
         """Ensure that the collection may be dropped from the database.
         """
         collection_name = "person"
         self.Person(name="Test").save()
-        self.assertIn(collection_name, list_collection_names(self.db))
+        assert collection_name in list_collection_names(self.db)
 
         self.Person.drop_collection()
-        self.assertNotIn(collection_name, list_collection_names(self.db))
+        assert collection_name not in list_collection_names(self.db)
 
     def test_register_delete_rule(self):
         """Ensure that register delete rule adds a delete rule to the document
@@ -75,12 +72,10 @@ class TestClassMethods(unittest.TestCase):
         class Job(Document):
             employee = ReferenceField(self.Person)
 
-        self.assertEqual(self.Person._meta.get("delete_rules"), None)
+        assert self.Person._meta.get("delete_rules") is None
 
         self.Person.register_delete_rule(Job, "employee", NULLIFY)
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert self.Person._meta["delete_rules"] == {(Job, "employee"): NULLIFY}
-            self.Person._meta["delete_rules"], {(Job, "employee"): NULLIFY}
-        )
 
     def test_compare_indexes(self):
         """ Ensure that the indexes are properly created and that
@@ -98,22 +93,22 @@ class TestClassMethods(unittest.TestCase):
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
 
         BlogPost.ensure_indexes()
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.compare_indexes(), {"missing": [], "extra": []})
+        assert BlogPost.compare_indexes() == {"missing": [], "extra": []}
 
         BlogPost.ensure_index(["author", "description"])
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert BlogPost.compare_indexes() == {
-            BlogPost.compare_indexes(),
+            "missing": [],
-            {"missing": [], "extra": [[("author", 1), ("description", 1)]]},
+            "extra": [[("author", 1), ("description", 1)]],
-        )
+        }
 
         BlogPost._get_collection().drop_index("author_1_description_1")
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.compare_indexes(), {"missing": [], "extra": []})
+        assert BlogPost.compare_indexes() == {"missing": [], "extra": []}
 
         BlogPost._get_collection().drop_index("author_1_title_1")
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert BlogPost.compare_indexes() == {
-            BlogPost.compare_indexes(),
+            "missing": [[("author", 1), ("title", 1)]],
-            {"missing": [[("author", 1), ("title", 1)]], "extra": []},
+            "extra": [],
-        )
+        }
 
     def test_compare_indexes_inheritance(self):
         """ Ensure that the indexes are properly created and that
@@ -138,22 +133,22 @@ class TestClassMethods(unittest.TestCase):
 
         BlogPost.ensure_indexes()
         BlogPostWithTags.ensure_indexes()
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.compare_indexes(), {"missing": [], "extra": []})
+        assert BlogPost.compare_indexes() == {"missing": [], "extra": []}
 
         BlogPostWithTags.ensure_index(["author", "tag_list"])
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert BlogPost.compare_indexes() == {
-            BlogPost.compare_indexes(),
+            "missing": [],
-            {"missing": [], "extra": [[("_cls", 1), ("author", 1), ("tag_list", 1)]]},
+            "extra": [[("_cls", 1), ("author", 1), ("tag_list", 1)]],
-        )
+        }
 
         BlogPostWithTags._get_collection().drop_index("_cls_1_author_1_tag_list_1")
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.compare_indexes(), {"missing": [], "extra": []})
+        assert BlogPost.compare_indexes() == {"missing": [], "extra": []}
 
         BlogPostWithTags._get_collection().drop_index("_cls_1_author_1_tags_1")
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert BlogPost.compare_indexes() == {
-            BlogPost.compare_indexes(),
+            "missing": [[("_cls", 1), ("author", 1), ("tags", 1)]],
-            {"missing": [[("_cls", 1), ("author", 1), ("tags", 1)]], "extra": []},
+            "extra": [],
-        )
+        }
 
     def test_compare_indexes_multiple_subclasses(self):
         """ Ensure that compare_indexes behaves correctly if called from a
@@ -182,13 +177,9 @@ class TestClassMethods(unittest.TestCase):
         BlogPostWithTags.ensure_indexes()
         BlogPostWithCustomField.ensure_indexes()
 
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.compare_indexes(), {"missing": [], "extra": []})
+        assert BlogPost.compare_indexes() == {"missing": [], "extra": []}
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert BlogPostWithTags.compare_indexes() == {"missing": [], "extra": []}
-            BlogPostWithTags.compare_indexes(), {"missing": [], "extra": []}
+        assert BlogPostWithCustomField.compare_indexes() == {"missing": [], "extra": []}
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            BlogPostWithCustomField.compare_indexes(), {"missing": [], "extra": []}
-        )
 
     def test_compare_indexes_for_text_indexes(self):
         """ Ensure that compare_indexes behaves correctly for text indexes """
@@ -210,7 +201,7 @@ class TestClassMethods(unittest.TestCase):
         Doc.ensure_indexes()
         actual = Doc.compare_indexes()
         expected = {"missing": [], "extra": []}
-        self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
+        assert actual == expected
 
     def test_list_indexes_inheritance(self):
         """ ensure that all of the indexes are listed regardless of the super-
@@ -240,19 +231,14 @@ class TestClassMethods(unittest.TestCase):
         BlogPostWithTags.ensure_indexes()
         BlogPostWithTagsAndExtraText.ensure_indexes()
 
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.list_indexes(), BlogPostWithTags.list_indexes())
+        assert BlogPost.list_indexes() == BlogPostWithTags.list_indexes()
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert BlogPost.list_indexes() == BlogPostWithTagsAndExtraText.list_indexes()
-            BlogPost.list_indexes(), BlogPostWithTagsAndExtraText.list_indexes()
+        assert BlogPost.list_indexes() == [
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            BlogPost.list_indexes(),
-            [
             [("_cls", 1), ("author", 1), ("tags", 1)],
             [("_cls", 1), ("author", 1), ("tags", 1), ("extra_text", 1)],
             [(u"_id", 1)],
             [("_cls", 1)],
-            ],
+        ]
-        )
 
     def test_register_delete_rule_inherited(self):
         class Vaccine(Document):
@@ -271,8 +257,8 @@ class TestClassMethods(unittest.TestCase):
         class Cat(Animal):
             name = StringField(required=True)
 
-        self.assertEqual(Vaccine._meta["delete_rules"][(Animal, "vaccine_made")], PULL)
+        assert Vaccine._meta["delete_rules"][(Animal, "vaccine_made")] == PULL
-        self.assertEqual(Vaccine._meta["delete_rules"][(Cat, "vaccine_made")], PULL)
+        assert Vaccine._meta["delete_rules"][(Cat, "vaccine_made")] == PULL
 
     def test_collection_naming(self):
         """Ensure that a collection with a specified name may be used.
@@ -281,19 +267,17 @@ class TestClassMethods(unittest.TestCase):
         class DefaultNamingTest(Document):
             pass
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert "default_naming_test" == DefaultNamingTest._get_collection_name()
-            "default_naming_test", DefaultNamingTest._get_collection_name()
-        )
 
         class CustomNamingTest(Document):
             meta = {"collection": "pimp_my_collection"}
 
-        self.assertEqual("pimp_my_collection", CustomNamingTest._get_collection_name())
+        assert "pimp_my_collection" == CustomNamingTest._get_collection_name()
 
         class DynamicNamingTest(Document):
             meta = {"collection": lambda c: "DYNAMO"}
 
-        self.assertEqual("DYNAMO", DynamicNamingTest._get_collection_name())
+        assert "DYNAMO" == DynamicNamingTest._get_collection_name()
 
         # Use Abstract class to handle backwards compatibility
         class BaseDocument(Document):
@@ -302,14 +286,12 @@ class TestClassMethods(unittest.TestCase):
         class OldNamingConvention(BaseDocument):
             pass
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert "oldnamingconvention" == OldNamingConvention._get_collection_name()
-            "oldnamingconvention", OldNamingConvention._get_collection_name()
-        )
 
         class InheritedAbstractNamingTest(BaseDocument):
             meta = {"collection": "wibble"}
 
-        self.assertEqual("wibble", InheritedAbstractNamingTest._get_collection_name())
+        assert "wibble" == InheritedAbstractNamingTest._get_collection_name()
 
         # Mixin tests
         class BaseMixin(object):
@@ -318,8 +300,9 @@ class TestClassMethods(unittest.TestCase):
         class OldMixinNamingConvention(Document, BaseMixin):
             pass
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert (
-            "oldmixinnamingconvention", OldMixinNamingConvention._get_collection_name()
+            "oldmixinnamingconvention"
+            == OldMixinNamingConvention._get_collection_name()
         )
 
         class BaseMixin(object):
@@ -331,7 +314,7 @@ class TestClassMethods(unittest.TestCase):
         class MyDocument(BaseDocument):
             pass
 
-        self.assertEqual("basedocument", MyDocument._get_collection_name())
+        assert "basedocument" == MyDocument._get_collection_name()
 
     def test_custom_collection_name_operations(self):
         """Ensure that a collection with a specified name is used as expected.
@@ -343,16 +326,16 @@ class TestClassMethods(unittest.TestCase):
             meta = {"collection": collection_name}
 
         Person(name="Test User").save()
-        self.assertIn(collection_name, list_collection_names(self.db))
+        assert collection_name in list_collection_names(self.db)
 
         user_obj = self.db[collection_name].find_one()
-        self.assertEqual(user_obj["name"], "Test User")
+        assert user_obj["name"] == "Test User"
 
         user_obj = Person.objects[0]
-        self.assertEqual(user_obj.name, "Test User")
+        assert user_obj.name == "Test User"
 
         Person.drop_collection()
-        self.assertNotIn(collection_name, list_collection_names(self.db))
+        assert collection_name not in list_collection_names(self.db)
 
     def test_collection_name_and_primary(self):
         """Ensure that a collection with a specified name may be used.
@@ -365,7 +348,7 @@ class TestClassMethods(unittest.TestCase):
         Person(name="Test User").save()
 
         user_obj = Person.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(user_obj.name, "Test User")
+        assert user_obj.name == "Test User"
 
         Person.drop_collection()
 

tests/document/test_delta.py

@@ -41,40 +41,40 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
         doc.save()
 
         doc = Doc.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), [])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == []
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({}, {})
 
         doc.string_field = "hello"
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["string_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["string_field"]
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({"string_field": "hello"}, {}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({"string_field": "hello"}, {})
 
         doc._changed_fields = []
         doc.int_field = 1
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["int_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["int_field"]
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({"int_field": 1}, {}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({"int_field": 1}, {})
 
         doc._changed_fields = []
         dict_value = {"hello": "world", "ping": "pong"}
         doc.dict_field = dict_value
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["dict_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["dict_field"]
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({"dict_field": dict_value}, {}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({"dict_field": dict_value}, {})
 
         doc._changed_fields = []
         list_value = ["1", 2, {"hello": "world"}]
         doc.list_field = list_value
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["list_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["list_field"]
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({"list_field": list_value}, {}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({"list_field": list_value}, {})
 
         # Test unsetting
         doc._changed_fields = []
         doc.dict_field = {}
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["dict_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["dict_field"]
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {"dict_field": 1}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({}, {"dict_field": 1})
 
         doc._changed_fields = []
         doc.list_field = []
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["list_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["list_field"]
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {"list_field": 1}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({}, {"list_field": 1})
 
     def test_delta_recursive(self):
         self.delta_recursive(Document, EmbeddedDocument)
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
         doc.save()
 
         doc = Doc.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), [])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == []
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({}, {})
 
         embedded_1 = Embedded()
         embedded_1.id = "010101"
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
         embedded_1.list_field = ["1", 2, {"hello": "world"}]
         doc.embedded_field = embedded_1
 
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["embedded_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["embedded_field"]
 
         embedded_delta = {
             "id": "010101",
@@ -122,27 +122,27 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
             "dict_field": {"hello": "world"},
             "list_field": ["1", 2, {"hello": "world"}],
         }
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field._delta(), (embedded_delta, {}))
+        assert doc.embedded_field._delta() == (embedded_delta, {})
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({"embedded_field": embedded_delta}, {}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({"embedded_field": embedded_delta}, {})
 
         doc.save()
         doc = doc.reload(10)
 
         doc.embedded_field.dict_field = {}
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["embedded_field.dict_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["embedded_field.dict_field"]
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field._delta(), ({}, {"dict_field": 1}))
+        assert doc.embedded_field._delta() == ({}, {"dict_field": 1})
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {"embedded_field.dict_field": 1}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({}, {"embedded_field.dict_field": 1})
         doc.save()
         doc = doc.reload(10)
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.dict_field, {})
+        assert doc.embedded_field.dict_field == {}
 
         doc.embedded_field.list_field = []
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["embedded_field.list_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["embedded_field.list_field"]
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field._delta(), ({}, {"list_field": 1}))
+        assert doc.embedded_field._delta() == ({}, {"list_field": 1})
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {"embedded_field.list_field": 1}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({}, {"embedded_field.list_field": 1})
         doc.save()
         doc = doc.reload(10)
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field, [])
+        assert doc.embedded_field.list_field == []
 
         embedded_2 = Embedded()
         embedded_2.string_field = "hello"
@@ -151,11 +151,9 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
         embedded_2.list_field = ["1", 2, {"hello": "world"}]
 
         doc.embedded_field.list_field = ["1", 2, embedded_2]
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["embedded_field.list_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["embedded_field.list_field"]
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc.embedded_field._delta() == (
-            doc.embedded_field._delta(),
-            (
             {
                 "list_field": [
                     "1",
@@ -170,12 +168,9 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
                 ]
             },
             {},
-            ),
         )
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc._delta() == (
-            doc._delta(),
-            (
             {
                 "embedded_field.list_field": [
                     "1",
@@ -190,37 +185,34 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
                 ]
             },
             {},
-            ),
         )
         doc.save()
         doc = doc.reload(10)
 
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[0], "1")
+        assert doc.embedded_field.list_field[0] == "1"
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[1], 2)
+        assert doc.embedded_field.list_field[1] == 2
         for k in doc.embedded_field.list_field[2]._fields:
-            self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[2][k], embedded_2[k])
+            assert doc.embedded_field.list_field[2][k] == embedded_2[k]
 
         doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].string_field = "world"
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["embedded_field.list_field.2.string_field"]
-            doc._get_changed_fields(), ["embedded_field.list_field.2.string_field"]
+        assert doc.embedded_field._delta() == (
+            {"list_field.2.string_field": "world"},
+            {},
         )
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc._delta() == (
-            doc.embedded_field._delta(), ({"list_field.2.string_field": "world"}, {})
+            {"embedded_field.list_field.2.string_field": "world"},
-        )
+            {},
-        self.assertEqual(
-            doc._delta(), ({"embedded_field.list_field.2.string_field": "world"}, {})
         )
         doc.save()
         doc = doc.reload(10)
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].string_field, "world")
+        assert doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].string_field == "world"
 
         # Test multiple assignments
         doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].string_field = "hello world"
         doc.embedded_field.list_field[2] = doc.embedded_field.list_field[2]
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["embedded_field.list_field.2"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["embedded_field.list_field.2"]
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc.embedded_field._delta() == (
-            doc.embedded_field._delta(),
-            (
             {
                 "list_field.2": {
                     "_cls": "Embedded",
@@ -231,11 +223,8 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
                 }
             },
             {},
-            ),
         )
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc._delta() == (
-            doc._delta(),
-            (
             {
                 "embedded_field.list_field.2": {
                     "_cls": "Embedded",
@@ -246,53 +235,44 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
                 }
             },
             {},
-            ),
         )
         doc.save()
         doc = doc.reload(10)
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].string_field, "hello world")
+        assert doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].string_field == "hello world"
 
         # Test list native methods
         doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field.pop(0)
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc._delta() == (
-            doc._delta(),
+            {"embedded_field.list_field.2.list_field": [2, {"hello": "world"}]},
-            ({"embedded_field.list_field.2.list_field": [2, {"hello": "world"}]}, {}),
+            {},
         )
         doc.save()
         doc = doc.reload(10)
 
         doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field.append(1)
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc._delta() == (
-            doc._delta(),
-            (
             {"embedded_field.list_field.2.list_field": [2, {"hello": "world"}, 1]},
             {},
-            ),
         )
         doc.save()
         doc = doc.reload(10)
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field == [2, {"hello": "world"}, 1]
-            doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field, [2, {"hello": "world"}, 1]
-        )
 
         doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field.sort(key=str)
         doc.save()
         doc = doc.reload(10)
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field == [1, 2, {"hello": "world"}]
-            doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field, [1, 2, {"hello": "world"}]
-        )
 
         del doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field[2]["hello"]
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc._delta() == (
-            doc._delta(), ({}, {"embedded_field.list_field.2.list_field.2.hello": 1})
+            {},
+            {"embedded_field.list_field.2.list_field.2.hello": 1},
         )
         doc.save()
         doc = doc.reload(10)
 
         del doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc._delta() == ({}, {"embedded_field.list_field.2.list_field": 1})
-            doc._delta(), ({}, {"embedded_field.list_field.2.list_field": 1})
-        )
 
         doc.save()
         doc = doc.reload(10)
@@ -302,12 +282,8 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
         doc = doc.reload(10)
 
         doc.dict_field["Embedded"].string_field = "Hello World"
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["dict_field.Embedded.string_field"]
-            doc._get_changed_fields(), ["dict_field.Embedded.string_field"]
+        assert doc._delta() == ({"dict_field.Embedded.string_field": "Hello World"}, {})
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            doc._delta(), ({"dict_field.Embedded.string_field": "Hello World"}, {})
-        )
 
     def test_circular_reference_deltas(self):
         self.circular_reference_deltas(Document, Document)
@@ -338,8 +314,8 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         p = Person.objects[0].select_related()
         o = Organization.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(p.owns[0], o)
+        assert p.owns[0] == o
-        self.assertEqual(o.owner, p)
+        assert o.owner == p
 
     def test_circular_reference_deltas_2(self):
         self.circular_reference_deltas_2(Document, Document)
@@ -379,9 +355,9 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
         e = Person.objects.get(name="employee")
         o = Organization.objects.first()
 
-        self.assertEqual(p.owns[0], o)
+        assert p.owns[0] == o
-        self.assertEqual(o.owner, p)
+        assert o.owner == p
-        self.assertEqual(e.employer, o)
+        assert e.employer == o
 
         return person, organization, employee
 
@@ -401,40 +377,40 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
         doc.save()
 
         doc = Doc.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), [])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == []
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({}, {})
 
         doc.string_field = "hello"
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["db_string_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["db_string_field"]
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({"db_string_field": "hello"}, {}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({"db_string_field": "hello"}, {})
 
         doc._changed_fields = []
         doc.int_field = 1
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["db_int_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["db_int_field"]
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({"db_int_field": 1}, {}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({"db_int_field": 1}, {})
 
         doc._changed_fields = []
         dict_value = {"hello": "world", "ping": "pong"}
         doc.dict_field = dict_value
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["db_dict_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["db_dict_field"]
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({"db_dict_field": dict_value}, {}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({"db_dict_field": dict_value}, {})
 
         doc._changed_fields = []
         list_value = ["1", 2, {"hello": "world"}]
         doc.list_field = list_value
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["db_list_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["db_list_field"]
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({"db_list_field": list_value}, {}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({"db_list_field": list_value}, {})
 
         # Test unsetting
         doc._changed_fields = []
         doc.dict_field = {}
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["db_dict_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["db_dict_field"]
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {"db_dict_field": 1}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({}, {"db_dict_field": 1})
 
         doc._changed_fields = []
         doc.list_field = []
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["db_list_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["db_list_field"]
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {"db_list_field": 1}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({}, {"db_list_field": 1})
 
         # Test it saves that data
         doc = Doc()
@@ -447,10 +423,10 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
         doc.save()
         doc = doc.reload(10)
 
-        self.assertEqual(doc.string_field, "hello")
+        assert doc.string_field == "hello"
-        self.assertEqual(doc.int_field, 1)
+        assert doc.int_field == 1
-        self.assertEqual(doc.dict_field, {"hello": "world"})
+        assert doc.dict_field == {"hello": "world"}
-        self.assertEqual(doc.list_field, ["1", 2, {"hello": "world"}])
+        assert doc.list_field == ["1", 2, {"hello": "world"}]
 
     def test_delta_recursive_db_field(self):
         self.delta_recursive_db_field(Document, EmbeddedDocument)
@@ -479,8 +455,8 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
         doc.save()
 
         doc = Doc.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), [])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == []
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({}, {})
 
         embedded_1 = Embedded()
         embedded_1.string_field = "hello"
@@ -489,7 +465,7 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
         embedded_1.list_field = ["1", 2, {"hello": "world"}]
         doc.embedded_field = embedded_1
 
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["db_embedded_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["db_embedded_field"]
 
         embedded_delta = {
             "db_string_field": "hello",
@@ -497,27 +473,27 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
             "db_dict_field": {"hello": "world"},
             "db_list_field": ["1", 2, {"hello": "world"}],
         }
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field._delta(), (embedded_delta, {}))
+        assert doc.embedded_field._delta() == (embedded_delta, {})
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({"db_embedded_field": embedded_delta}, {}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({"db_embedded_field": embedded_delta}, {})
 
         doc.save()
         doc = doc.reload(10)
 
         doc.embedded_field.dict_field = {}
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["db_embedded_field.db_dict_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["db_embedded_field.db_dict_field"]
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field._delta(), ({}, {"db_dict_field": 1}))
+        assert doc.embedded_field._delta() == ({}, {"db_dict_field": 1})
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {"db_embedded_field.db_dict_field": 1}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({}, {"db_embedded_field.db_dict_field": 1})
         doc.save()
         doc = doc.reload(10)
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.dict_field, {})
+        assert doc.embedded_field.dict_field == {}
 
         doc.embedded_field.list_field = []
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["db_embedded_field.db_list_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["db_embedded_field.db_list_field"]
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field._delta(), ({}, {"db_list_field": 1}))
+        assert doc.embedded_field._delta() == ({}, {"db_list_field": 1})
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {"db_embedded_field.db_list_field": 1}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({}, {"db_embedded_field.db_list_field": 1})
         doc.save()
         doc = doc.reload(10)
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field, [])
+        assert doc.embedded_field.list_field == []
 
         embedded_2 = Embedded()
         embedded_2.string_field = "hello"
@@ -526,10 +502,8 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
         embedded_2.list_field = ["1", 2, {"hello": "world"}]
 
         doc.embedded_field.list_field = ["1", 2, embedded_2]
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["db_embedded_field.db_list_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["db_embedded_field.db_list_field"]
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc.embedded_field._delta() == (
-            doc.embedded_field._delta(),
-            (
             {
                 "db_list_field": [
                     "1",
@@ -544,12 +518,9 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
                 ]
             },
             {},
-            ),
         )
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc._delta() == (
-            doc._delta(),
-            (
             {
                 "db_embedded_field.db_list_field": [
                     "1",
@@ -564,42 +535,36 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
                 ]
             },
             {},
-            ),
         )
         doc.save()
         doc = doc.reload(10)
 
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[0], "1")
+        assert doc.embedded_field.list_field[0] == "1"
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[1], 2)
+        assert doc.embedded_field.list_field[1] == 2
         for k in doc.embedded_field.list_field[2]._fields:
-            self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[2][k], embedded_2[k])
+            assert doc.embedded_field.list_field[2][k] == embedded_2[k]
 
         doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].string_field = "world"
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == [
-            doc._get_changed_fields(),
+            "db_embedded_field.db_list_field.2.db_string_field"
-            ["db_embedded_field.db_list_field.2.db_string_field"],
+        ]
+        assert doc.embedded_field._delta() == (
+            {"db_list_field.2.db_string_field": "world"},
+            {},
         )
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc._delta() == (
-            doc.embedded_field._delta(),
+            {"db_embedded_field.db_list_field.2.db_string_field": "world"},
-            ({"db_list_field.2.db_string_field": "world"}, {}),
+            {},
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            doc._delta(),
-            ({"db_embedded_field.db_list_field.2.db_string_field": "world"}, {}),
         )
         doc.save()
         doc = doc.reload(10)
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].string_field, "world")
+        assert doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].string_field == "world"
 
         # Test multiple assignments
         doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].string_field = "hello world"
         doc.embedded_field.list_field[2] = doc.embedded_field.list_field[2]
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["db_embedded_field.db_list_field.2"]
-            doc._get_changed_fields(), ["db_embedded_field.db_list_field.2"]
+        assert doc.embedded_field._delta() == (
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            doc.embedded_field._delta(),
-            (
             {
                 "db_list_field.2": {
                     "_cls": "Embedded",
@@ -610,11 +575,8 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
                 }
             },
             {},
-            ),
         )
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc._delta() == (
-            doc._delta(),
-            (
             {
                 "db_embedded_field.db_list_field.2": {
                     "_cls": "Embedded",
@@ -625,17 +587,14 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
                 }
             },
             {},
-            ),
         )
         doc.save()
         doc = doc.reload(10)
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].string_field, "hello world")
+        assert doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].string_field == "hello world"
 
         # Test list native methods
         doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field.pop(0)
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc._delta() == (
-            doc._delta(),
-            (
             {
                 "db_embedded_field.db_list_field.2.db_list_field": [
                     2,
@@ -643,15 +602,12 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
                 ]
             },
             {},
-            ),
         )
         doc.save()
         doc = doc.reload(10)
 
         doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field.append(1)
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc._delta() == (
-            doc._delta(),
-            (
             {
                 "db_embedded_field.db_list_field.2.db_list_field": [
                     2,
@@ -660,32 +616,28 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
                 ]
             },
             {},
-            ),
         )
         doc.save()
         doc = doc.reload(10)
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field == [2, {"hello": "world"}, 1]
-            doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field, [2, {"hello": "world"}, 1]
-        )
 
         doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field.sort(key=str)
         doc.save()
         doc = doc.reload(10)
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field == [1, 2, {"hello": "world"}]
-            doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field, [1, 2, {"hello": "world"}]
-        )
 
         del doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field[2]["hello"]
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc._delta() == (
-            doc._delta(),
+            {},
-            ({}, {"db_embedded_field.db_list_field.2.db_list_field.2.hello": 1}),
+            {"db_embedded_field.db_list_field.2.db_list_field.2.hello": 1},
         )
         doc.save()
         doc = doc.reload(10)
 
         del doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc._delta() == (
-            doc._delta(), ({}, {"db_embedded_field.db_list_field.2.db_list_field": 1})
+            {},
+            {"db_embedded_field.db_list_field.2.db_list_field": 1},
         )
 
     def test_delta_for_dynamic_documents(self):
@@ -696,14 +648,16 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
         Person.drop_collection()
 
         p = Person(name="James", age=34)
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert p._delta() == (
-            p._delta(), (SON([("_cls", "Person"), ("name", "James"), ("age", 34)]), {})
+            SON([("_cls", "Person"), ("name", "James"), ("age", 34)]),
+            {},
         )
 
         p.doc = 123
         del p.doc
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert p._delta() == (
-            p._delta(), (SON([("_cls", "Person"), ("name", "James"), ("age", 34)]), {})
+            SON([("_cls", "Person"), ("name", "James"), ("age", 34)]),
+            {},
         )
 
         p = Person()
@@ -712,18 +666,18 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
         p.save()
 
         p.age = 24
-        self.assertEqual(p.age, 24)
+        assert p.age == 24
-        self.assertEqual(p._get_changed_fields(), ["age"])
+        assert p._get_changed_fields() == ["age"]
-        self.assertEqual(p._delta(), ({"age": 24}, {}))
+        assert p._delta() == ({"age": 24}, {})
 
         p = Person.objects(age=22).get()
         p.age = 24
-        self.assertEqual(p.age, 24)
+        assert p.age == 24
-        self.assertEqual(p._get_changed_fields(), ["age"])
+        assert p._get_changed_fields() == ["age"]
-        self.assertEqual(p._delta(), ({"age": 24}, {}))
+        assert p._delta() == ({"age": 24}, {})
 
         p.save()
-        self.assertEqual(1, Person.objects(age=24).count())
+        assert 1 == Person.objects(age=24).count()
 
     def test_dynamic_delta(self):
         class Doc(DynamicDocument):
@@ -734,40 +688,40 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
         doc.save()
 
         doc = Doc.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), [])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == []
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({}, {})
 
         doc.string_field = "hello"
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["string_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["string_field"]
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({"string_field": "hello"}, {}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({"string_field": "hello"}, {})
 
         doc._changed_fields = []
         doc.int_field = 1
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["int_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["int_field"]
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({"int_field": 1}, {}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({"int_field": 1}, {})
 
         doc._changed_fields = []
         dict_value = {"hello": "world", "ping": "pong"}
         doc.dict_field = dict_value
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["dict_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["dict_field"]
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({"dict_field": dict_value}, {}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({"dict_field": dict_value}, {})
 
         doc._changed_fields = []
         list_value = ["1", 2, {"hello": "world"}]
         doc.list_field = list_value
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["list_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["list_field"]
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({"list_field": list_value}, {}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({"list_field": list_value}, {})
 
         # Test unsetting
         doc._changed_fields = []
         doc.dict_field = {}
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["dict_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["dict_field"]
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {"dict_field": 1}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({}, {"dict_field": 1})
 
         doc._changed_fields = []
         doc.list_field = []
-        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ["list_field"])
+        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == ["list_field"]
-        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {"list_field": 1}))
+        assert doc._delta() == ({}, {"list_field": 1})
 
     def test_delta_with_dbref_true(self):
         person, organization, employee = self.circular_reference_deltas_2(
@@ -775,16 +729,16 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
         )
         employee.name = "test"
 
-        self.assertEqual(organization._get_changed_fields(), [])
+        assert organization._get_changed_fields() == []
 
         updates, removals = organization._delta()
-        self.assertEqual({}, removals)
+        assert {} == removals
-        self.assertEqual({}, updates)
+        assert {} == updates
 
         organization.employees.append(person)
         updates, removals = organization._delta()
-        self.assertEqual({}, removals)
+        assert {} == removals
-        self.assertIn("employees", updates)
+        assert "employees" in updates
 
     def test_delta_with_dbref_false(self):
         person, organization, employee = self.circular_reference_deltas_2(
@@ -792,16 +746,16 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
         )
         employee.name = "test"
 
-        self.assertEqual(organization._get_changed_fields(), [])
+        assert organization._get_changed_fields() == []
 
         updates, removals = organization._delta()
-        self.assertEqual({}, removals)
+        assert {} == removals
-        self.assertEqual({}, updates)
+        assert {} == updates
 
         organization.employees.append(person)
         updates, removals = organization._delta()
-        self.assertEqual({}, removals)
+        assert {} == removals
-        self.assertIn("employees", updates)
+        assert "employees" in updates
 
     def test_nested_nested_fields_mark_as_changed(self):
         class EmbeddedDoc(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -821,11 +775,11 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
         subdoc = mydoc.subs["a"]["b"]
         subdoc.name = "bar"
 
-        self.assertEqual(["name"], subdoc._get_changed_fields())
+        assert ["name"] == subdoc._get_changed_fields()
-        self.assertEqual(["subs.a.b.name"], mydoc._get_changed_fields())
+        assert ["subs.a.b.name"] == mydoc._get_changed_fields()
 
         mydoc._clear_changed_fields()
-        self.assertEqual([], mydoc._get_changed_fields())
+        assert [] == mydoc._get_changed_fields()
 
     def test_lower_level_mark_as_changed(self):
         class EmbeddedDoc(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -840,17 +794,17 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         mydoc = MyDoc.objects.first()
         mydoc.subs["a"] = EmbeddedDoc()
-        self.assertEqual(["subs.a"], mydoc._get_changed_fields())
+        assert ["subs.a"] == mydoc._get_changed_fields()
 
         subdoc = mydoc.subs["a"]
         subdoc.name = "bar"
 
-        self.assertEqual(["name"], subdoc._get_changed_fields())
+        assert ["name"] == subdoc._get_changed_fields()
-        self.assertEqual(["subs.a"], mydoc._get_changed_fields())
+        assert ["subs.a"] == mydoc._get_changed_fields()
         mydoc.save()
 
         mydoc._clear_changed_fields()
-        self.assertEqual([], mydoc._get_changed_fields())
+        assert [] == mydoc._get_changed_fields()
 
     def test_upper_level_mark_as_changed(self):
         class EmbeddedDoc(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -867,15 +821,15 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
         subdoc = mydoc.subs["a"]
         subdoc.name = "bar"
 
-        self.assertEqual(["name"], subdoc._get_changed_fields())
+        assert ["name"] == subdoc._get_changed_fields()
-        self.assertEqual(["subs.a.name"], mydoc._get_changed_fields())
+        assert ["subs.a.name"] == mydoc._get_changed_fields()
 
         mydoc.subs["a"] = EmbeddedDoc()
-        self.assertEqual(["subs.a"], mydoc._get_changed_fields())
+        assert ["subs.a"] == mydoc._get_changed_fields()
         mydoc.save()
 
         mydoc._clear_changed_fields()
-        self.assertEqual([], mydoc._get_changed_fields())
+        assert [] == mydoc._get_changed_fields()
 
     def test_referenced_object_changed_attributes(self):
         """Ensures that when you save a new reference to a field, the referenced object isn't altered"""
@@ -902,22 +856,22 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
         org1.reload()
         org2.reload()
         user.reload()
-        self.assertEqual(org1.name, "Org 1")
+        assert org1.name == "Org 1"
-        self.assertEqual(org2.name, "Org 2")
+        assert org2.name == "Org 2"
-        self.assertEqual(user.name, "Fred")
+        assert user.name == "Fred"
 
         user.name = "Harold"
         user.org = org2
 
         org2.name = "New Org 2"
-        self.assertEqual(org2.name, "New Org 2")
+        assert org2.name == "New Org 2"
 
         user.save()
         org2.save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(org2.name, "New Org 2")
+        assert org2.name == "New Org 2"
         org2.reload()
-        self.assertEqual(org2.name, "New Org 2")
+        assert org2.name == "New Org 2"
 
     def test_delta_for_nested_map_fields(self):
         class UInfoDocument(Document):
@@ -950,12 +904,12 @@ class TestDelta(MongoDBTestCase):
         d.users["007"]["rolist"].append(EmbeddedRole(type="oops"))
         d.users["007"]["info"] = uinfo
         delta = d._delta()
-        self.assertEqual(True, "users.007.roles.666" in delta[0])
+        assert True == ("users.007.roles.666" in delta[0])
-        self.assertEqual(True, "users.007.rolist" in delta[0])
+        assert True == ("users.007.rolist" in delta[0])
-        self.assertEqual(True, "users.007.info" in delta[0])
+        assert True == ("users.007.info" in delta[0])
-        self.assertEqual("superadmin", delta[0]["users.007.roles.666"]["type"])
+        assert "superadmin" == delta[0]["users.007.roles.666"]["type"]
-        self.assertEqual("oops", delta[0]["users.007.rolist"][0]["type"])
+        assert "oops" == delta[0]["users.007.rolist"][0]["type"]
-        self.assertEqual(uinfo.id, delta[0]["users.007.info"])
+        assert uinfo.id == delta[0]["users.007.info"]
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

tests/document/test_dynamic.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import unittest
 
+import pytest
+
 from mongoengine import *
 from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
 
@@ -25,15 +27,15 @@ class TestDynamicDocument(MongoDBTestCase):
         p.name = "James"
         p.age = 34
 
-        self.assertEqual(p.to_mongo(), {"_cls": "Person", "name": "James", "age": 34})
+        assert p.to_mongo() == {"_cls": "Person", "name": "James", "age": 34}
-        self.assertEqual(p.to_mongo().keys(), ["_cls", "name", "age"])
+        assert p.to_mongo().keys() == ["_cls", "name", "age"]
         p.save()
-        self.assertEqual(p.to_mongo().keys(), ["_id", "_cls", "name", "age"])
+        assert p.to_mongo().keys() == ["_id", "_cls", "name", "age"]
 
-        self.assertEqual(self.Person.objects.first().age, 34)
+        assert self.Person.objects.first().age == 34
 
         # Confirm no changes to self.Person
-        self.assertFalse(hasattr(self.Person, "age"))
+        assert not hasattr(self.Person, "age")
 
     def test_change_scope_of_variable(self):
         """Test changing the scope of a dynamic field has no adverse effects"""
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ class TestDynamicDocument(MongoDBTestCase):
         p.save()
 
         p = self.Person.objects.get()
-        self.assertEqual(p.misc, {"hello": "world"})
+        assert p.misc == {"hello": "world"}
 
     def test_delete_dynamic_field(self):
         """Test deleting a dynamic field works"""
@@ -62,19 +64,19 @@ class TestDynamicDocument(MongoDBTestCase):
         p.save()
 
         p = self.Person.objects.get()
-        self.assertEqual(p.misc, {"hello": "world"})
+        assert p.misc == {"hello": "world"}
         collection = self.db[self.Person._get_collection_name()]
         obj = collection.find_one()
-        self.assertEqual(sorted(obj.keys()), ["_cls", "_id", "misc", "name"])
+        assert sorted(obj.keys()) == ["_cls", "_id", "misc", "name"]
 
         del p.misc
         p.save()
 
         p = self.Person.objects.get()
-        self.assertFalse(hasattr(p, "misc"))
+        assert not hasattr(p, "misc")
 
         obj = collection.find_one()
-        self.assertEqual(sorted(obj.keys()), ["_cls", "_id", "name"])
+        assert sorted(obj.keys()) == ["_cls", "_id", "name"]
 
     def test_reload_after_unsetting(self):
         p = self.Person()
@@ -88,12 +90,12 @@ class TestDynamicDocument(MongoDBTestCase):
         p = self.Person.objects.create()
         p.update(age=1)
 
-        self.assertEqual(len(p._data), 3)
+        assert len(p._data) == 3
-        self.assertEqual(sorted(p._data.keys()), ["_cls", "id", "name"])
+        assert sorted(p._data.keys()) == ["_cls", "id", "name"]
 
         p.reload()
-        self.assertEqual(len(p._data), 4)
+        assert len(p._data) == 4
-        self.assertEqual(sorted(p._data.keys()), ["_cls", "age", "id", "name"])
+        assert sorted(p._data.keys()) == ["_cls", "age", "id", "name"]
 
     def test_fields_without_underscore(self):
         """Ensure we can query dynamic fields"""
@@ -103,16 +105,18 @@ class TestDynamicDocument(MongoDBTestCase):
         p.save()
 
         raw_p = Person.objects.as_pymongo().get(id=p.id)
-        self.assertEqual(raw_p, {"_cls": u"Person", "_id": p.id, "name": u"Dean"})
+        assert raw_p == {"_cls": u"Person", "_id": p.id, "name": u"Dean"}
 
         p.name = "OldDean"
         p.newattr = "garbage"
         p.save()
         raw_p = Person.objects.as_pymongo().get(id=p.id)
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert raw_p == {
-            raw_p,
+            "_cls": u"Person",
-            {"_cls": u"Person", "_id": p.id, "name": "OldDean", "newattr": u"garbage"},
+            "_id": p.id,
-        )
+            "name": "OldDean",
+            "newattr": u"garbage",
+        }
 
     def test_fields_containing_underscore(self):
         """Ensure we can query dynamic fields"""
@@ -127,14 +131,14 @@ class TestDynamicDocument(MongoDBTestCase):
         p.save()
 
         raw_p = WeirdPerson.objects.as_pymongo().get(id=p.id)
-        self.assertEqual(raw_p, {"_id": p.id, "_name": u"Dean", "name": u"Dean"})
+        assert raw_p == {"_id": p.id, "_name": u"Dean", "name": u"Dean"}
 
         p.name = "OldDean"
         p._name = "NewDean"
         p._newattr1 = "garbage"  # Unknown fields won't be added
         p.save()
         raw_p = WeirdPerson.objects.as_pymongo().get(id=p.id)
-        self.assertEqual(raw_p, {"_id": p.id, "_name": u"NewDean", "name": u"OldDean"})
+        assert raw_p == {"_id": p.id, "_name": u"NewDean", "name": u"OldDean"}
 
     def test_dynamic_document_queries(self):
         """Ensure we can query dynamic fields"""
@@ -143,10 +147,10 @@ class TestDynamicDocument(MongoDBTestCase):
         p.age = 22
         p.save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(1, self.Person.objects(age=22).count())
+        assert 1 == self.Person.objects(age=22).count()
         p = self.Person.objects(age=22)
         p = p.get()
-        self.assertEqual(22, p.age)
+        assert 22 == p.age
 
     def test_complex_dynamic_document_queries(self):
         class Person(DynamicDocument):
@@ -166,8 +170,8 @@ class TestDynamicDocument(MongoDBTestCase):
         p2.age = 10
         p2.save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(Person.objects(age__icontains="ten").count(), 2)
+        assert Person.objects(age__icontains="ten").count() == 2
-        self.assertEqual(Person.objects(age__gte=10).count(), 1)
+        assert Person.objects(age__gte=10).count() == 1
 
     def test_complex_data_lookups(self):
         """Ensure you can query dynamic document dynamic fields"""
@@ -175,12 +179,12 @@ class TestDynamicDocument(MongoDBTestCase):
         p.misc = {"hello": "world"}
         p.save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(1, self.Person.objects(misc__hello="world").count())
+        assert 1 == self.Person.objects(misc__hello="world").count()
 
     def test_three_level_complex_data_lookups(self):
         """Ensure you can query three level document dynamic fields"""
         self.Person.objects.create(misc={"hello": {"hello2": "world"}})
-        self.assertEqual(1, self.Person.objects(misc__hello__hello2="world").count())
+        assert 1 == self.Person.objects(misc__hello__hello2="world").count()
 
     def test_complex_embedded_document_validation(self):
         """Ensure embedded dynamic documents may be validated"""
@@ -198,11 +202,13 @@ class TestDynamicDocument(MongoDBTestCase):
         embedded_doc_1.validate()
 
         embedded_doc_2 = Embedded(content="this is not a url")
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, embedded_doc_2.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            embedded_doc_2.validate()
 
         doc.embedded_field_1 = embedded_doc_1
         doc.embedded_field_2 = embedded_doc_2
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, doc.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            doc.validate()
 
     def test_inheritance(self):
         """Ensure that dynamic document plays nice with inheritance"""
@@ -212,11 +218,9 @@ class TestDynamicDocument(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         Employee.drop_collection()
 
-        self.assertIn("name", Employee._fields)
+        assert "name" in Employee._fields
-        self.assertIn("salary", Employee._fields)
+        assert "salary" in Employee._fields
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert Employee._get_collection_name() == self.Person._get_collection_name()
-            Employee._get_collection_name(), self.Person._get_collection_name()
-        )
 
         joe_bloggs = Employee()
         joe_bloggs.name = "Joe Bloggs"
@@ -224,11 +228,11 @@ class TestDynamicDocument(MongoDBTestCase):
         joe_bloggs.age = 20
         joe_bloggs.save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(1, self.Person.objects(age=20).count())
+        assert 1 == self.Person.objects(age=20).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, Employee.objects(age=20).count())
+        assert 1 == Employee.objects(age=20).count()
 
         joe_bloggs = self.Person.objects.first()
-        self.assertIsInstance(joe_bloggs, Employee)
+        assert isinstance(joe_bloggs, Employee)
 
     def test_embedded_dynamic_document(self):
         """Test dynamic embedded documents"""
@@ -249,9 +253,7 @@ class TestDynamicDocument(MongoDBTestCase):
         embedded_1.list_field = ["1", 2, {"hello": "world"}]
         doc.embedded_field = embedded_1
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc.to_mongo() == {
-            doc.to_mongo(),
-            {
             "embedded_field": {
                 "_cls": "Embedded",
                 "string_field": "hello",
@@ -259,16 +261,15 @@ class TestDynamicDocument(MongoDBTestCase):
                 "dict_field": {"hello": "world"},
                 "list_field": ["1", 2, {"hello": "world"}],
             }
-            },
+        }
-        )
         doc.save()
 
         doc = Doc.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.__class__, Embedded)
+        assert doc.embedded_field.__class__ == Embedded
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.string_field, "hello")
+        assert doc.embedded_field.string_field == "hello"
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.int_field, 1)
+        assert doc.embedded_field.int_field == 1
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.dict_field, {"hello": "world"})
+        assert doc.embedded_field.dict_field == {"hello": "world"}
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field, ["1", 2, {"hello": "world"}])
+        assert doc.embedded_field.list_field == ["1", 2, {"hello": "world"}]
 
     def test_complex_embedded_documents(self):
         """Test complex dynamic embedded documents setups"""
@@ -296,9 +297,7 @@ class TestDynamicDocument(MongoDBTestCase):
         embedded_1.list_field = ["1", 2, embedded_2]
         doc.embedded_field = embedded_1
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc.to_mongo() == {
-            doc.to_mongo(),
-            {
             "embedded_field": {
                 "_cls": "Embedded",
                 "string_field": "hello",
@@ -316,24 +315,23 @@ class TestDynamicDocument(MongoDBTestCase):
                     },
                 ],
             }
-            },
+        }
-        )
         doc.save()
         doc = Doc.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.__class__, Embedded)
+        assert doc.embedded_field.__class__ == Embedded
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.string_field, "hello")
+        assert doc.embedded_field.string_field == "hello"
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.int_field, 1)
+        assert doc.embedded_field.int_field == 1
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.dict_field, {"hello": "world"})
+        assert doc.embedded_field.dict_field == {"hello": "world"}
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[0], "1")
+        assert doc.embedded_field.list_field[0] == "1"
-        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[1], 2)
+        assert doc.embedded_field.list_field[1] == 2
 
         embedded_field = doc.embedded_field.list_field[2]
 
-        self.assertEqual(embedded_field.__class__, Embedded)
+        assert embedded_field.__class__ == Embedded
-        self.assertEqual(embedded_field.string_field, "hello")
+        assert embedded_field.string_field == "hello"
-        self.assertEqual(embedded_field.int_field, 1)
+        assert embedded_field.int_field == 1
-        self.assertEqual(embedded_field.dict_field, {"hello": "world"})
+        assert embedded_field.dict_field == {"hello": "world"}
-        self.assertEqual(embedded_field.list_field, ["1", 2, {"hello": "world"}])
+        assert embedded_field.list_field == ["1", 2, {"hello": "world"}]
 
     def test_dynamic_and_embedded(self):
         """Ensure embedded documents play nicely"""
@@ -352,18 +350,18 @@ class TestDynamicDocument(MongoDBTestCase):
         person.address.city = "Lundenne"
         person.save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.first().address.city, "Lundenne")
+        assert Person.objects.first().address.city == "Lundenne"
 
         person = Person.objects.first()
         person.address = Address(city="Londinium")
         person.save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.first().address.city, "Londinium")
+        assert Person.objects.first().address.city == "Londinium"
 
         person = Person.objects.first()
         person.age = 35
         person.save()
-        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.first().age, 35)
+        assert Person.objects.first().age == 35
 
     def test_dynamic_embedded_works_with_only(self):
         """Ensure custom fieldnames on a dynamic embedded document are found by qs.only()"""
@@ -380,10 +378,10 @@ class TestDynamicDocument(MongoDBTestCase):
             name="Eric", address=Address(city="San Francisco", street_number="1337")
         ).save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.first().address.street_number, "1337")
+        assert Person.objects.first().address.street_number == "1337"
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert (
-            Person.objects.only("address__street_number").first().address.street_number,
+            Person.objects.only("address__street_number").first().address.street_number
-            "1337",
+            == "1337"
         )
 
     def test_dynamic_and_embedded_dict_access(self):
@@ -408,20 +406,20 @@ class TestDynamicDocument(MongoDBTestCase):
         person["address"]["city"] = "Lundenne"
         person.save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.first().address.city, "Lundenne")
+        assert Person.objects.first().address.city == "Lundenne"
 
-        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.first().phone, "555-1212")
+        assert Person.objects.first().phone == "555-1212"
 
         person = Person.objects.first()
         person.address = Address(city="Londinium")
         person.save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.first().address.city, "Londinium")
+        assert Person.objects.first().address.city == "Londinium"
 
         person = Person.objects.first()
         person["age"] = 35
         person.save()
-        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.first().age, 35)
+        assert Person.objects.first().age == 35
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

tests/document/test_indexes.py

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 import unittest
 from datetime import datetime
 
-from nose.plugins.skip import SkipTest
 from pymongo.collation import Collation
 from pymongo.errors import OperationFailure
+import pytest
 from six import iteritems
 
 from mongoengine import *
@@ -53,15 +53,15 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
             {"fields": [("tags", 1)]},
             {"fields": [("category", 1), ("addDate", -1)]},
         ]
-        self.assertEqual(expected_specs, BlogPost._meta["index_specs"])
+        assert expected_specs == BlogPost._meta["index_specs"]
 
         BlogPost.ensure_indexes()
         info = BlogPost.objects._collection.index_information()
         # _id, '-date', 'tags', ('cat', 'date')
-        self.assertEqual(len(info), 4)
+        assert len(info) == 4
         info = [value["key"] for key, value in iteritems(info)]
         for expected in expected_specs:
-            self.assertIn(expected["fields"], info)
+            assert expected["fields"] in info
 
     def _index_test_inheritance(self, InheritFrom):
         class BlogPost(InheritFrom):
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
             {"fields": [("_cls", 1), ("tags", 1)]},
             {"fields": [("_cls", 1), ("category", 1), ("addDate", -1)]},
         ]
-        self.assertEqual(expected_specs, BlogPost._meta["index_specs"])
+        assert expected_specs == BlogPost._meta["index_specs"]
 
         BlogPost.ensure_indexes()
         info = BlogPost.objects._collection.index_information()
@@ -86,17 +86,17 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
         # NB: there is no index on _cls by itself, since
         # the indices on -date and tags will both contain
         # _cls as first element in the key
-        self.assertEqual(len(info), 4)
+        assert len(info) == 4
         info = [value["key"] for key, value in iteritems(info)]
         for expected in expected_specs:
-            self.assertIn(expected["fields"], info)
+            assert expected["fields"] in info
 
         class ExtendedBlogPost(BlogPost):
             title = StringField()
             meta = {"indexes": ["title"]}
 
         expected_specs.append({"fields": [("_cls", 1), ("title", 1)]})
-        self.assertEqual(expected_specs, ExtendedBlogPost._meta["index_specs"])
+        assert expected_specs == ExtendedBlogPost._meta["index_specs"]
 
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
 
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
         info = ExtendedBlogPost.objects._collection.index_information()
         info = [value["key"] for key, value in iteritems(info)]
         for expected in expected_specs:
-            self.assertIn(expected["fields"], info)
+            assert expected["fields"] in info
 
     def test_indexes_document_inheritance(self):
         """Ensure that indexes are used when meta[indexes] is specified for
@@ -128,10 +128,8 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
         class B(A):
             description = StringField()
 
-        self.assertEqual(A._meta["index_specs"], B._meta["index_specs"])
+        assert A._meta["index_specs"] == B._meta["index_specs"]
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert [{"fields": [("_cls", 1), ("title", 1)]}] == A._meta["index_specs"]
-            [{"fields": [("_cls", 1), ("title", 1)]}], A._meta["index_specs"]
-        )
 
     def test_index_no_cls(self):
         """Ensure index specs are inhertited correctly"""
@@ -144,11 +142,11 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
                 "index_cls": False,
             }
 
-        self.assertEqual([("title", 1)], A._meta["index_specs"][0]["fields"])
+        assert [("title", 1)] == A._meta["index_specs"][0]["fields"]
         A._get_collection().drop_indexes()
         A.ensure_indexes()
         info = A._get_collection().index_information()
-        self.assertEqual(len(info.keys()), 2)
+        assert len(info.keys()) == 2
 
         class B(A):
             c = StringField()
@@ -158,8 +156,8 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
                 "allow_inheritance": True,
             }
 
-        self.assertEqual([("c", 1)], B._meta["index_specs"][1]["fields"])
+        assert [("c", 1)] == B._meta["index_specs"][1]["fields"]
-        self.assertEqual([("_cls", 1), ("d", 1)], B._meta["index_specs"][2]["fields"])
+        assert [("_cls", 1), ("d", 1)] == B._meta["index_specs"][2]["fields"]
 
     def test_build_index_spec_is_not_destructive(self):
         class MyDoc(Document):
@@ -167,12 +165,12 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
 
             meta = {"indexes": ["keywords"], "allow_inheritance": False}
 
-        self.assertEqual(MyDoc._meta["index_specs"], [{"fields": [("keywords", 1)]}])
+        assert MyDoc._meta["index_specs"] == [{"fields": [("keywords", 1)]}]
 
         # Force index creation
         MyDoc.ensure_indexes()
 
-        self.assertEqual(MyDoc._meta["index_specs"], [{"fields": [("keywords", 1)]}])
+        assert MyDoc._meta["index_specs"] == [{"fields": [("keywords", 1)]}]
 
     def test_embedded_document_index_meta(self):
         """Ensure that embedded document indexes are created explicitly
@@ -187,7 +185,7 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
 
             meta = {"indexes": ["rank.title"], "allow_inheritance": False}
 
-        self.assertEqual([{"fields": [("rank.title", 1)]}], Person._meta["index_specs"])
+        assert [{"fields": [("rank.title", 1)]}] == Person._meta["index_specs"]
 
         Person.drop_collection()
 
@@ -195,7 +193,7 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
         list(Person.objects)
         info = Person.objects._collection.index_information()
         info = [value["key"] for key, value in iteritems(info)]
-        self.assertIn([("rank.title", 1)], info)
+        assert [("rank.title", 1)] in info
 
     def test_explicit_geo2d_index(self):
         """Ensure that geo2d indexes work when created via meta[indexes]
@@ -205,14 +203,12 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
             location = DictField()
             meta = {"allow_inheritance": True, "indexes": ["*location.point"]}
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert [{"fields": [("location.point", "2d")]}] == Place._meta["index_specs"]
-            [{"fields": [("location.point", "2d")]}], Place._meta["index_specs"]
-        )
 
         Place.ensure_indexes()
         info = Place._get_collection().index_information()
         info = [value["key"] for key, value in iteritems(info)]
-        self.assertIn([("location.point", "2d")], info)
+        assert [("location.point", "2d")] in info
 
     def test_explicit_geo2d_index_embedded(self):
         """Ensure that geo2d indexes work when created via meta[indexes]
@@ -225,14 +221,14 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
             current = DictField(field=EmbeddedDocumentField("EmbeddedLocation"))
             meta = {"allow_inheritance": True, "indexes": ["*current.location.point"]}
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert [{"fields": [("current.location.point", "2d")]}] == Place._meta[
-            [{"fields": [("current.location.point", "2d")]}], Place._meta["index_specs"]
+            "index_specs"
-        )
+        ]
 
         Place.ensure_indexes()
         info = Place._get_collection().index_information()
         info = [value["key"] for key, value in iteritems(info)]
-        self.assertIn([("current.location.point", "2d")], info)
+        assert [("current.location.point", "2d")] in info
 
     def test_explicit_geosphere_index(self):
         """Ensure that geosphere indexes work when created via meta[indexes]
@@ -242,19 +238,19 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
             location = DictField()
             meta = {"allow_inheritance": True, "indexes": ["(location.point"]}
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert [{"fields": [("location.point", "2dsphere")]}] == Place._meta[
-            [{"fields": [("location.point", "2dsphere")]}], Place._meta["index_specs"]
+            "index_specs"
-        )
+        ]
 
         Place.ensure_indexes()
         info = Place._get_collection().index_information()
         info = [value["key"] for key, value in iteritems(info)]
-        self.assertIn([("location.point", "2dsphere")], info)
+        assert [("location.point", "2dsphere")] in info
 
     def test_explicit_geohaystack_index(self):
         """Ensure that geohaystack indexes work when created via meta[indexes]
         """
-        raise SkipTest(
+        pytest.skip(
             "GeoHaystack index creation is not supported for now"
             "from meta, as it requires a bucketSize parameter."
         )
@@ -264,15 +260,14 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
             name = StringField()
             meta = {"indexes": [(")location.point", "name")]}
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert [
-            [{"fields": [("location.point", "geoHaystack"), ("name", 1)]}],
+            {"fields": [("location.point", "geoHaystack"), ("name", 1)]}
-            Place._meta["index_specs"],
+        ] == Place._meta["index_specs"]
-        )
 
         Place.ensure_indexes()
         info = Place._get_collection().index_information()
         info = [value["key"] for key, value in iteritems(info)]
-        self.assertIn([("location.point", "geoHaystack")], info)
+        assert [("location.point", "geoHaystack")] in info
 
     def test_create_geohaystack_index(self):
         """Ensure that geohaystack indexes can be created
@@ -285,7 +280,7 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
         Place.create_index({"fields": (")location.point", "name")}, bucketSize=10)
         info = Place._get_collection().index_information()
         info = [value["key"] for key, value in iteritems(info)]
-        self.assertIn([("location.point", "geoHaystack"), ("name", 1)], info)
+        assert [("location.point", "geoHaystack"), ("name", 1)] in info
 
     def test_dictionary_indexes(self):
         """Ensure that indexes are used when meta[indexes] contains
@@ -298,16 +293,15 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
             tags = ListField(StringField())
             meta = {"indexes": [{"fields": ["-date"], "unique": True, "sparse": True}]}
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert [
-            [{"fields": [("addDate", -1)], "unique": True, "sparse": True}],
+            {"fields": [("addDate", -1)], "unique": True, "sparse": True}
-            BlogPost._meta["index_specs"],
+        ] == BlogPost._meta["index_specs"]
-        )
 
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
 
         info = BlogPost.objects._collection.index_information()
         # _id, '-date'
-        self.assertEqual(len(info), 2)
+        assert len(info) == 2
 
         # Indexes are lazy so use list() to perform query
         list(BlogPost.objects)
@@ -316,7 +310,7 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
             (value["key"], value.get("unique", False), value.get("sparse", False))
             for key, value in iteritems(info)
         ]
-        self.assertIn(([("addDate", -1)], True, True), info)
+        assert ([("addDate", -1)], True, True) in info
 
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
 
@@ -338,11 +332,9 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
 
         Person(name="test", user_guid="123").save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(1, Person.objects.count())
+        assert 1 == Person.objects.count()
         info = Person.objects._collection.index_information()
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert sorted(info.keys()) == ["_cls_1_name_1", "_cls_1_user_guid_1", "_id_"]
-            sorted(info.keys()), ["_cls_1_name_1", "_cls_1_user_guid_1", "_id_"]
-        )
 
     def test_disable_index_creation(self):
         """Tests setting auto_create_index to False on the connection will
@@ -365,13 +357,13 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
         User(user_guid="123").save()
         MongoUser(user_guid="123").save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(2, User.objects.count())
+        assert 2 == User.objects.count()
         info = User.objects._collection.index_information()
-        self.assertEqual(list(info.keys()), ["_id_"])
+        assert list(info.keys()) == ["_id_"]
 
         User.ensure_indexes()
         info = User.objects._collection.index_information()
-        self.assertEqual(sorted(info.keys()), ["_cls_1_user_guid_1", "_id_"])
+        assert sorted(info.keys()) == ["_cls_1_user_guid_1", "_id_"]
 
     def test_embedded_document_index(self):
         """Tests settings an index on an embedded document
@@ -389,7 +381,7 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
 
         info = BlogPost.objects._collection.index_information()
-        self.assertEqual(sorted(info.keys()), ["_id_", "date.yr_-1"])
+        assert sorted(info.keys()) == ["_id_", "date.yr_-1"]
 
     def test_list_embedded_document_index(self):
         """Ensure list embedded documents can be indexed
@@ -408,7 +400,7 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
 
         info = BlogPost.objects._collection.index_information()
         # we don't use _cls in with list fields by default
-        self.assertEqual(sorted(info.keys()), ["_id_", "tags.tag_1"])
+        assert sorted(info.keys()) == ["_id_", "tags.tag_1"]
 
         post1 = BlogPost(
             title="Embedded Indexes tests in place",
@@ -426,7 +418,7 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
 
         RecursiveDocument.ensure_indexes()
         info = RecursiveDocument._get_collection().index_information()
-        self.assertEqual(sorted(info.keys()), ["_cls_1", "_id_"])
+        assert sorted(info.keys()) == ["_cls_1", "_id_"]
 
     def test_covered_index(self):
         """Ensure that covered indexes can be used
@@ -446,46 +438,45 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
         # Need to be explicit about covered indexes as mongoDB doesn't know if
         # the documents returned might have more keys in that here.
         query_plan = Test.objects(id=obj.id).exclude("a").explain()
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert (
             query_plan.get("queryPlanner")
             .get("winningPlan")
             .get("inputStage")
-            .get("stage"),
+            .get("stage")
-            "IDHACK",
+            == "IDHACK"
         )
 
         query_plan = Test.objects(id=obj.id).only("id").explain()
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert (
             query_plan.get("queryPlanner")
             .get("winningPlan")
             .get("inputStage")
-            .get("stage"),
+            .get("stage")
-            "IDHACK",
+            == "IDHACK"
         )
 
         query_plan = Test.objects(a=1).only("a").exclude("id").explain()
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert (
             query_plan.get("queryPlanner")
             .get("winningPlan")
             .get("inputStage")
-            .get("stage"),
+            .get("stage")
-            "IXSCAN",
+            == "IXSCAN"
         )
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert (
-            query_plan.get("queryPlanner").get("winningPlan").get("stage"), "PROJECTION"
+            query_plan.get("queryPlanner").get("winningPlan").get("stage")
+            == "PROJECTION"
         )
 
         query_plan = Test.objects(a=1).explain()
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert (
             query_plan.get("queryPlanner")
             .get("winningPlan")
             .get("inputStage")
-            .get("stage"),
+            .get("stage")
-            "IXSCAN",
+            == "IXSCAN"
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            query_plan.get("queryPlanner").get("winningPlan").get("stage"), "FETCH"
         )
+        assert query_plan.get("queryPlanner").get("winningPlan").get("stage") == "FETCH"
 
     def test_index_on_id(self):
         class BlogPost(Document):
@@ -498,9 +489,7 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
 
         indexes = BlogPost.objects._collection.index_information()
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert indexes["categories_1__id_1"]["key"] == [("categories", 1), ("_id", 1)]
-            indexes["categories_1__id_1"]["key"], [("categories", 1), ("_id", 1)]
-        )
 
     def test_hint(self):
         TAGS_INDEX_NAME = "tags_1"
@@ -516,25 +505,25 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
             BlogPost(tags=tags).save()
 
         # Hinting by shape should work.
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects.hint([("tags", 1)]).count(), 10)
+        assert BlogPost.objects.hint([("tags", 1)]).count() == 10
 
         # Hinting by index name should work.
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects.hint(TAGS_INDEX_NAME).count(), 10)
+        assert BlogPost.objects.hint(TAGS_INDEX_NAME).count() == 10
 
         # Clearing the hint should work fine.
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects.hint().count(), 10)
+        assert BlogPost.objects.hint().count() == 10
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects.hint([("ZZ", 1)]).hint().count(), 10)
+        assert BlogPost.objects.hint([("ZZ", 1)]).hint().count() == 10
 
         # Hinting on a non-existent index shape should fail.
-        with self.assertRaises(OperationFailure):
+        with pytest.raises(OperationFailure):
             BlogPost.objects.hint([("ZZ", 1)]).count()
 
         # Hinting on a non-existent index name should fail.
-        with self.assertRaises(OperationFailure):
+        with pytest.raises(OperationFailure):
             BlogPost.objects.hint("Bad Name").count()
 
         # Invalid shape argument (missing list brackets) should fail.
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
             BlogPost.objects.hint(("tags", 1)).count()
 
     def test_collation(self):
@@ -555,23 +544,19 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
             BlogPost(name=name).save()
 
         query_result = BlogPost.objects.collation(base).order_by("name")
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert [x.name for x in query_result] == sorted(names, key=lambda x: x.lower())
-            [x.name for x in query_result], sorted(names, key=lambda x: x.lower())
+        assert 5 == query_result.count()
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(5, query_result.count())
 
         query_result = BlogPost.objects.collation(Collation(**base)).order_by("name")
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert [x.name for x in query_result] == sorted(names, key=lambda x: x.lower())
-            [x.name for x in query_result], sorted(names, key=lambda x: x.lower())
+        assert 5 == query_result.count()
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(5, query_result.count())
 
         incorrect_collation = {"arndom": "wrdo"}
-        with self.assertRaises(OperationFailure):
+        with pytest.raises(OperationFailure):
             BlogPost.objects.collation(incorrect_collation).count()
 
         query_result = BlogPost.objects.collation({}).order_by("name")
-        self.assertEqual([x.name for x in query_result], sorted(names))
+        assert [x.name for x in query_result] == sorted(names)
 
     def test_unique(self):
         """Ensure that uniqueness constraints are applied to fields.
@@ -588,11 +573,14 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # Two posts with the same slug is not allowed
         post2 = BlogPost(title="test2", slug="test")
-        self.assertRaises(NotUniqueError, post2.save)
+        with pytest.raises(NotUniqueError):
-        self.assertRaises(NotUniqueError, BlogPost.objects.insert, post2)
+            post2.save()
+        with pytest.raises(NotUniqueError):
+            BlogPost.objects.insert(post2)
 
         # Ensure backwards compatibility for errors
-        self.assertRaises(OperationError, post2.save)
+        with pytest.raises(OperationError):
+            post2.save()
 
     def test_primary_key_unique_not_working(self):
         """Relates to #1445"""
@@ -602,14 +590,13 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
 
         Blog.drop_collection()
 
-        with self.assertRaises(OperationFailure) as ctx_err:
+        with pytest.raises(OperationFailure) as exc_info:
             Blog(id="garbage").save()
 
         # One of the errors below should happen. Which one depends on the
         # PyMongo version and dict order.
-        err_msg = str(ctx_err.exception)
+        err_msg = str(exc_info.value)
-        self.assertTrue(
+        assert any(
-            any(
             [
                 "The field 'unique' is not valid for an _id index specification"
                 in err_msg,
@@ -619,7 +606,6 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
                 in err_msg,
             ]
         )
-        )
 
     def test_unique_with(self):
         """Ensure that unique_with constraints are applied to fields.
@@ -644,7 +630,8 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # Now there will be two docs with the same slug and the same day: fail
         post3 = BlogPost(title="test3", date=Date(year=2010), slug="test")
-        self.assertRaises(OperationError, post3.save)
+        with pytest.raises(OperationError):
+            post3.save()
 
     def test_unique_embedded_document(self):
         """Ensure that uniqueness constraints are applied to fields on embedded documents.
@@ -669,7 +656,8 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # Now there will be two docs with the same sub.slug
         post3 = BlogPost(title="test3", sub=SubDocument(year=2010, slug="test"))
-        self.assertRaises(NotUniqueError, post3.save)
+        with pytest.raises(NotUniqueError):
+            post3.save()
 
     def test_unique_embedded_document_in_list(self):
         """
@@ -699,7 +687,8 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
 
         post2 = BlogPost(title="test2", subs=[SubDocument(year=2014, slug="conflict")])
 
-        self.assertRaises(NotUniqueError, post2.save)
+        with pytest.raises(NotUniqueError):
+            post2.save()
 
     def test_unique_embedded_document_in_sorted_list(self):
         """
@@ -729,12 +718,13 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # confirm that the unique index is created
         indexes = BlogPost._get_collection().index_information()
-        self.assertIn("subs.slug_1", indexes)
+        assert "subs.slug_1" in indexes
-        self.assertTrue(indexes["subs.slug_1"]["unique"])
+        assert indexes["subs.slug_1"]["unique"]
 
         post2 = BlogPost(title="test2", subs=[SubDocument(year=2014, slug="conflict")])
 
-        self.assertRaises(NotUniqueError, post2.save)
+        with pytest.raises(NotUniqueError):
+            post2.save()
 
     def test_unique_embedded_document_in_embedded_document_list(self):
         """
@@ -764,12 +754,13 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # confirm that the unique index is created
         indexes = BlogPost._get_collection().index_information()
-        self.assertIn("subs.slug_1", indexes)
+        assert "subs.slug_1" in indexes
-        self.assertTrue(indexes["subs.slug_1"]["unique"])
+        assert indexes["subs.slug_1"]["unique"]
 
         post2 = BlogPost(title="test2", subs=[SubDocument(year=2014, slug="conflict")])
 
-        self.assertRaises(NotUniqueError, post2.save)
+        with pytest.raises(NotUniqueError):
+            post2.save()
 
     def test_unique_with_embedded_document_and_embedded_unique(self):
         """Ensure that uniqueness constraints are applied to fields on
@@ -795,11 +786,13 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # Now there will be two docs with the same sub.slug
         post3 = BlogPost(title="test3", sub=SubDocument(year=2010, slug="test"))
-        self.assertRaises(NotUniqueError, post3.save)
+        with pytest.raises(NotUniqueError):
+            post3.save()
 
         # Now there will be two docs with the same title and year
         post3 = BlogPost(title="test1", sub=SubDocument(year=2009, slug="test-1"))
-        self.assertRaises(NotUniqueError, post3.save)
+        with pytest.raises(NotUniqueError):
+            post3.save()
 
     def test_ttl_indexes(self):
         class Log(Document):
@@ -811,7 +804,7 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
         # Indexes are lazy so use list() to perform query
         list(Log.objects)
         info = Log.objects._collection.index_information()
-        self.assertEqual(3600, info["created_1"]["expireAfterSeconds"])
+        assert 3600 == info["created_1"]["expireAfterSeconds"]
 
     def test_index_drop_dups_silently_ignored(self):
         class Customer(Document):
@@ -839,14 +832,14 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
         cust.save()
 
         cust_dupe = Customer(cust_id=1)
-        with self.assertRaises(NotUniqueError):
+        with pytest.raises(NotUniqueError):
             cust_dupe.save()
 
         cust = Customer(cust_id=2)
         cust.save()
 
         # duplicate key on update
-        with self.assertRaises(NotUniqueError):
+        with pytest.raises(NotUniqueError):
             cust.cust_id = 1
             cust.save()
 
@@ -867,8 +860,8 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
         user = User(name="huangz", password="secret2")
         user.save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(User.objects.count(), 1)
+        assert User.objects.count() == 1
-        self.assertEqual(User.objects.get().password, "secret2")
+        assert User.objects.get().password == "secret2"
 
     def test_unique_and_primary_create(self):
         """Create a new record with a duplicate primary key
@@ -882,11 +875,11 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
         User.drop_collection()
 
         User.objects.create(name="huangz", password="secret")
-        with self.assertRaises(NotUniqueError):
+        with pytest.raises(NotUniqueError):
             User.objects.create(name="huangz", password="secret2")
 
-        self.assertEqual(User.objects.count(), 1)
+        assert User.objects.count() == 1
-        self.assertEqual(User.objects.get().password, "secret")
+        assert User.objects.get().password == "secret"
 
     def test_index_with_pk(self):
         """Ensure you can use `pk` as part of a query"""
@@ -910,7 +903,7 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
         info = BlogPost.objects._collection.index_information()
         info = [value["key"] for key, value in iteritems(info)]
         index_item = [("_id", 1), ("comments.comment_id", 1)]
-        self.assertIn(index_item, info)
+        assert index_item in info
 
     def test_compound_key_embedded(self):
         class CompoundKey(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -924,10 +917,8 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
         my_key = CompoundKey(name="n", term="ok")
         report = ReportEmbedded(text="OK", key=my_key).save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert {"text": "OK", "_id": {"term": "ok", "name": "n"}} == report.to_mongo()
-            {"text": "OK", "_id": {"term": "ok", "name": "n"}}, report.to_mongo()
+        assert report == ReportEmbedded.objects.get(pk=my_key)
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(report, ReportEmbedded.objects.get(pk=my_key))
 
     def test_compound_key_dictfield(self):
         class ReportDictField(Document):
@@ -937,15 +928,13 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
         my_key = {"name": "n", "term": "ok"}
         report = ReportDictField(text="OK", key=my_key).save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert {"text": "OK", "_id": {"term": "ok", "name": "n"}} == report.to_mongo()
-            {"text": "OK", "_id": {"term": "ok", "name": "n"}}, report.to_mongo()
-        )
 
         # We can't directly call ReportDictField.objects.get(pk=my_key),
         # because dicts are unordered, and if the order in MongoDB is
         # different than the one in `my_key`, this test will fail.
-        self.assertEqual(report, ReportDictField.objects.get(pk__name=my_key["name"]))
+        assert report == ReportDictField.objects.get(pk__name=my_key["name"])
-        self.assertEqual(report, ReportDictField.objects.get(pk__term=my_key["term"]))
+        assert report == ReportDictField.objects.get(pk__term=my_key["term"])
 
     def test_string_indexes(self):
         class MyDoc(Document):
@@ -954,8 +943,8 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
 
         info = MyDoc.objects._collection.index_information()
         info = [value["key"] for key, value in iteritems(info)]
-        self.assertIn([("provider_ids.foo", 1)], info)
+        assert [("provider_ids.foo", 1)] in info
-        self.assertIn([("provider_ids.bar", 1)], info)
+        assert [("provider_ids.bar", 1)] in info
 
     def test_sparse_compound_indexes(self):
         class MyDoc(Document):
@@ -967,11 +956,10 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
             }
 
         info = MyDoc.objects._collection.index_information()
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert [("provider_ids.foo", 1), ("provider_ids.bar", 1)] == info[
-            [("provider_ids.foo", 1), ("provider_ids.bar", 1)],
+            "provider_ids.foo_1_provider_ids.bar_1"
-            info["provider_ids.foo_1_provider_ids.bar_1"]["key"],
+        ]["key"]
-        )
+        assert info["provider_ids.foo_1_provider_ids.bar_1"]["sparse"]
-        self.assertTrue(info["provider_ids.foo_1_provider_ids.bar_1"]["sparse"])
 
     def test_text_indexes(self):
         class Book(Document):
@@ -979,9 +967,9 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
             meta = {"indexes": ["$title"]}
 
         indexes = Book.objects._collection.index_information()
-        self.assertIn("title_text", indexes)
+        assert "title_text" in indexes
         key = indexes["title_text"]["key"]
-        self.assertIn(("_fts", "text"), key)
+        assert ("_fts", "text") in key
 
     def test_hashed_indexes(self):
         class Book(Document):
@@ -989,8 +977,8 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
             meta = {"indexes": ["#ref_id"]}
 
         indexes = Book.objects._collection.index_information()
-        self.assertIn("ref_id_hashed", indexes)
+        assert "ref_id_hashed" in indexes
-        self.assertIn(("ref_id", "hashed"), indexes["ref_id_hashed"]["key"])
+        assert ("ref_id", "hashed") in indexes["ref_id_hashed"]["key"]
 
     def test_indexes_after_database_drop(self):
         """
@@ -1027,7 +1015,8 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
 
             # Create Post #2
             post2 = BlogPost(title="test2", slug="test")
-            self.assertRaises(NotUniqueError, post2.save)
+            with pytest.raises(NotUniqueError):
+                post2.save()
         finally:
             # Drop the temporary database at the end
             connection.drop_database("tempdatabase")
@@ -1074,15 +1063,12 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
                     "dropDups"
                 ]  # drop the index dropDups - it is deprecated in MongoDB 3+
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert index_info == {
-            index_info,
-            {
             "txt_1": {"key": [("txt", 1)], "background": False},
             "_id_": {"key": [("_id", 1)]},
             "txt2_1": {"key": [("txt2", 1)], "background": False},
             "_cls_1": {"key": [("_cls", 1)], "background": False},
-            },
+        }
-        )
 
     def test_compound_index_underscore_cls_not_overwritten(self):
         """
@@ -1105,7 +1091,7 @@ class TestIndexes(unittest.TestCase):
         TestDoc.ensure_indexes()
 
         index_info = TestDoc._get_collection().index_information()
-        self.assertIn("shard_1_1__cls_1_txt_1_1", index_info)
+        assert "shard_1_1__cls_1_txt_1_1" in index_info
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

tests/document/test_inheritance.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 import unittest
 import warnings
 
+import pytest
 from six import iteritems
 
 from mongoengine import (
@@ -37,12 +38,12 @@ class TestInheritance(MongoDBTestCase):
             meta = {"allow_inheritance": True}
 
         test_doc = DataDoc(name="test", embed=EmbedData(data="data"))
-        self.assertEqual(test_doc._cls, "DataDoc")
+        assert test_doc._cls == "DataDoc"
-        self.assertEqual(test_doc.embed._cls, "EmbedData")
+        assert test_doc.embed._cls == "EmbedData"
         test_doc.save()
         saved_doc = DataDoc.objects.with_id(test_doc.id)
-        self.assertEqual(test_doc._cls, saved_doc._cls)
+        assert test_doc._cls == saved_doc._cls
-        self.assertEqual(test_doc.embed._cls, saved_doc.embed._cls)
+        assert test_doc.embed._cls == saved_doc.embed._cls
         test_doc.delete()
 
     def test_superclasses(self):
@@ -67,12 +68,12 @@ class TestInheritance(MongoDBTestCase):
         class Human(Mammal):
             pass
 
-        self.assertEqual(Animal._superclasses, ())
+        assert Animal._superclasses == ()
-        self.assertEqual(Fish._superclasses, ("Animal",))
+        assert Fish._superclasses == ("Animal",)
-        self.assertEqual(Guppy._superclasses, ("Animal", "Animal.Fish"))
+        assert Guppy._superclasses == ("Animal", "Animal.Fish")
-        self.assertEqual(Mammal._superclasses, ("Animal",))
+        assert Mammal._superclasses == ("Animal",)
-        self.assertEqual(Dog._superclasses, ("Animal", "Animal.Mammal"))
+        assert Dog._superclasses == ("Animal", "Animal.Mammal")
-        self.assertEqual(Human._superclasses, ("Animal", "Animal.Mammal"))
+        assert Human._superclasses == ("Animal", "Animal.Mammal")
 
     def test_external_superclasses(self):
         """Ensure that the correct list of super classes is assembled when
@@ -97,18 +98,12 @@ class TestInheritance(MongoDBTestCase):
         class Human(Mammal):
             pass
 
-        self.assertEqual(Animal._superclasses, ("Base",))
+        assert Animal._superclasses == ("Base",)
-        self.assertEqual(Fish._superclasses, ("Base", "Base.Animal"))
+        assert Fish._superclasses == ("Base", "Base.Animal")
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert Guppy._superclasses == ("Base", "Base.Animal", "Base.Animal.Fish")
-            Guppy._superclasses, ("Base", "Base.Animal", "Base.Animal.Fish")
+        assert Mammal._superclasses == ("Base", "Base.Animal")
-        )
+        assert Dog._superclasses == ("Base", "Base.Animal", "Base.Animal.Mammal")
-        self.assertEqual(Mammal._superclasses, ("Base", "Base.Animal"))
+        assert Human._superclasses == ("Base", "Base.Animal", "Base.Animal.Mammal")
-        self.assertEqual(
-            Dog._superclasses, ("Base", "Base.Animal", "Base.Animal.Mammal")
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            Human._superclasses, ("Base", "Base.Animal", "Base.Animal.Mammal")
-        )
 
     def test_subclasses(self):
         """Ensure that the correct list of _subclasses (subclasses) is
@@ -133,24 +128,22 @@ class TestInheritance(MongoDBTestCase):
         class Human(Mammal):
             pass
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert Animal._subclasses == (
-            Animal._subclasses,
-            (
             "Animal",
             "Animal.Fish",
             "Animal.Fish.Guppy",
             "Animal.Mammal",
             "Animal.Mammal.Dog",
             "Animal.Mammal.Human",
-            ),
         )
-        self.assertEqual(Fish._subclasses, ("Animal.Fish", "Animal.Fish.Guppy"))
+        assert Fish._subclasses == ("Animal.Fish", "Animal.Fish.Guppy")
-        self.assertEqual(Guppy._subclasses, ("Animal.Fish.Guppy",))
+        assert Guppy._subclasses == ("Animal.Fish.Guppy",)
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert Mammal._subclasses == (
-            Mammal._subclasses,
+            "Animal.Mammal",
-            ("Animal.Mammal", "Animal.Mammal.Dog", "Animal.Mammal.Human"),
+            "Animal.Mammal.Dog",
+            "Animal.Mammal.Human",
         )
-        self.assertEqual(Human._subclasses, ("Animal.Mammal.Human",))
+        assert Human._subclasses == ("Animal.Mammal.Human",)
 
     def test_external_subclasses(self):
         """Ensure that the correct list of _subclasses (subclasses) is
@@ -175,30 +168,22 @@ class TestInheritance(MongoDBTestCase):
         class Human(Mammal):
             pass
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert Animal._subclasses == (
-            Animal._subclasses,
-            (
             "Base.Animal",
             "Base.Animal.Fish",
             "Base.Animal.Fish.Guppy",
             "Base.Animal.Mammal",
             "Base.Animal.Mammal.Dog",
             "Base.Animal.Mammal.Human",
-            ),
         )
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert Fish._subclasses == ("Base.Animal.Fish", "Base.Animal.Fish.Guppy")
-            Fish._subclasses, ("Base.Animal.Fish", "Base.Animal.Fish.Guppy")
+        assert Guppy._subclasses == ("Base.Animal.Fish.Guppy",)
-        )
+        assert Mammal._subclasses == (
-        self.assertEqual(Guppy._subclasses, ("Base.Animal.Fish.Guppy",))
-        self.assertEqual(
-            Mammal._subclasses,
-            (
             "Base.Animal.Mammal",
             "Base.Animal.Mammal.Dog",
             "Base.Animal.Mammal.Human",
-            ),
         )
-        self.assertEqual(Human._subclasses, ("Base.Animal.Mammal.Human",))
+        assert Human._subclasses == ("Base.Animal.Mammal.Human",)
 
     def test_dynamic_declarations(self):
         """Test that declaring an extra class updates meta data"""
@@ -206,33 +191,31 @@ class TestInheritance(MongoDBTestCase):
         class Animal(Document):
             meta = {"allow_inheritance": True}
 
-        self.assertEqual(Animal._superclasses, ())
+        assert Animal._superclasses == ()
-        self.assertEqual(Animal._subclasses, ("Animal",))
+        assert Animal._subclasses == ("Animal",)
 
         # Test dynamically adding a class changes the meta data
         class Fish(Animal):
             pass
 
-        self.assertEqual(Animal._superclasses, ())
+        assert Animal._superclasses == ()
-        self.assertEqual(Animal._subclasses, ("Animal", "Animal.Fish"))
+        assert Animal._subclasses == ("Animal", "Animal.Fish")
 
-        self.assertEqual(Fish._superclasses, ("Animal",))
+        assert Fish._superclasses == ("Animal",)
-        self.assertEqual(Fish._subclasses, ("Animal.Fish",))
+        assert Fish._subclasses == ("Animal.Fish",)
 
         # Test dynamically adding an inherited class changes the meta data
         class Pike(Fish):
             pass
 
-        self.assertEqual(Animal._superclasses, ())
+        assert Animal._superclasses == ()
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert Animal._subclasses == ("Animal", "Animal.Fish", "Animal.Fish.Pike")
-            Animal._subclasses, ("Animal", "Animal.Fish", "Animal.Fish.Pike")
-        )
 
-        self.assertEqual(Fish._superclasses, ("Animal",))
+        assert Fish._superclasses == ("Animal",)
-        self.assertEqual(Fish._subclasses, ("Animal.Fish", "Animal.Fish.Pike"))
+        assert Fish._subclasses == ("Animal.Fish", "Animal.Fish.Pike")
 
-        self.assertEqual(Pike._superclasses, ("Animal", "Animal.Fish"))
+        assert Pike._superclasses == ("Animal", "Animal.Fish")
-        self.assertEqual(Pike._subclasses, ("Animal.Fish.Pike",))
+        assert Pike._subclasses == ("Animal.Fish.Pike",)
 
     def test_inheritance_meta_data(self):
         """Ensure that document may inherit fields from a superclass document.
@@ -247,10 +230,10 @@ class TestInheritance(MongoDBTestCase):
         class Employee(Person):
             salary = IntField()
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert ["_cls", "age", "id", "name", "salary"] == sorted(
-            ["_cls", "age", "id", "name", "salary"], sorted(Employee._fields.keys())
+            Employee._fields.keys()
         )
-        self.assertEqual(Employee._get_collection_name(), Person._get_collection_name())
+        assert Employee._get_collection_name() == Person._get_collection_name()
 
     def test_inheritance_to_mongo_keys(self):
         """Ensure that document may inherit fields from a superclass document.
@@ -265,17 +248,17 @@ class TestInheritance(MongoDBTestCase):
         class Employee(Person):
             salary = IntField()
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert ["_cls", "age", "id", "name", "salary"] == sorted(
-            ["_cls", "age", "id", "name", "salary"], sorted(Employee._fields.keys())
+            Employee._fields.keys()
         )
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert Person(name="Bob", age=35).to_mongo().keys() == ["_cls", "name", "age"]
-            Person(name="Bob", age=35).to_mongo().keys(), ["_cls", "name", "age"]
+        assert Employee(name="Bob", age=35, salary=0).to_mongo().keys() == [
-        )
+            "_cls",
-        self.assertEqual(
+            "name",
-            Employee(name="Bob", age=35, salary=0).to_mongo().keys(),
+            "age",
-            ["_cls", "name", "age", "salary"],
+            "salary",
-        )
+        ]
-        self.assertEqual(Employee._get_collection_name(), Person._get_collection_name())
+        assert Employee._get_collection_name() == Person._get_collection_name()
 
     def test_indexes_and_multiple_inheritance(self):
         """ Ensure that all of the indexes are created for a document with
@@ -301,13 +284,10 @@ class TestInheritance(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         C.ensure_indexes()
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert sorted(
-            sorted(
             [idx["key"] for idx in C._get_collection().index_information().values()]
-            ),
+        ) == sorted(
-            sorted(
             [[(u"_cls", 1), (u"b", 1)], [(u"_id", 1)], [(u"_cls", 1), (u"a", 1)]]
-            ),
         )
 
     def test_polymorphic_queries(self):
@@ -338,13 +318,13 @@ class TestInheritance(MongoDBTestCase):
         Human().save()
 
         classes = [obj.__class__ for obj in Animal.objects]
-        self.assertEqual(classes, [Animal, Fish, Mammal, Dog, Human])
+        assert classes == [Animal, Fish, Mammal, Dog, Human]
 
         classes = [obj.__class__ for obj in Mammal.objects]
-        self.assertEqual(classes, [Mammal, Dog, Human])
+        assert classes == [Mammal, Dog, Human]
 
         classes = [obj.__class__ for obj in Human.objects]
-        self.assertEqual(classes, [Human])
+        assert classes == [Human]
 
     def test_allow_inheritance(self):
         """Ensure that inheritance is disabled by default on simple
@@ -355,20 +335,18 @@ class TestInheritance(MongoDBTestCase):
             name = StringField()
 
         # can't inherit because Animal didn't explicitly allow inheritance
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Document Animal may not be subclassed"):
 
             class Dog(Animal):
                 pass
 
-        self.assertIn("Document Animal may not be subclassed", str(cm.exception))
-
         # Check that _cls etc aren't present on simple documents
         dog = Animal(name="dog").save()
-        self.assertEqual(dog.to_mongo().keys(), ["_id", "name"])
+        assert dog.to_mongo().keys() == ["_id", "name"]
 
         collection = self.db[Animal._get_collection_name()]
         obj = collection.find_one()
-        self.assertNotIn("_cls", obj)
+        assert "_cls" not in obj
 
     def test_cant_turn_off_inheritance_on_subclass(self):
         """Ensure if inheritance is on in a subclass you cant turn it off.
@@ -378,14 +356,14 @@ class TestInheritance(MongoDBTestCase):
             name = StringField()
             meta = {"allow_inheritance": True}
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
 
             class Mammal(Animal):
                 meta = {"allow_inheritance": False}
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert (
-            str(cm.exception),
+            str(exc_info.value)
-            'Only direct subclasses of Document may set "allow_inheritance" to False',
+            == 'Only direct subclasses of Document may set "allow_inheritance" to False'
         )
 
     def test_allow_inheritance_abstract_document(self):
@@ -399,14 +377,14 @@ class TestInheritance(MongoDBTestCase):
         class Animal(FinalDocument):
             name = StringField()
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
 
             class Mammal(Animal):
                 pass
 
         # Check that _cls isn't present in simple documents
         doc = Animal(name="dog")
-        self.assertNotIn("_cls", doc.to_mongo())
+        assert "_cls" not in doc.to_mongo()
 
     def test_using_abstract_class_in_reference_field(self):
         # Ensures no regression of #1920
@@ -452,10 +430,10 @@ class TestInheritance(MongoDBTestCase):
             name = StringField()
 
         berlin = EuropeanCity(name="Berlin", continent="Europe")
-        self.assertEqual(len(berlin._db_field_map), len(berlin._fields_ordered))
+        assert len(berlin._db_field_map) == len(berlin._fields_ordered)
-        self.assertEqual(len(berlin._reverse_db_field_map), len(berlin._fields_ordered))
+        assert len(berlin._reverse_db_field_map) == len(berlin._fields_ordered)
-        self.assertEqual(len(berlin._fields_ordered), 3)
+        assert len(berlin._fields_ordered) == 3
-        self.assertEqual(berlin._fields_ordered[0], "id")
+        assert berlin._fields_ordered[0] == "id"
 
     def test_auto_id_not_set_if_specific_in_parent_class(self):
         class City(Document):
@@ -467,10 +445,10 @@ class TestInheritance(MongoDBTestCase):
             name = StringField()
 
         berlin = EuropeanCity(name="Berlin", continent="Europe")
-        self.assertEqual(len(berlin._db_field_map), len(berlin._fields_ordered))
+        assert len(berlin._db_field_map) == len(berlin._fields_ordered)
-        self.assertEqual(len(berlin._reverse_db_field_map), len(berlin._fields_ordered))
+        assert len(berlin._reverse_db_field_map) == len(berlin._fields_ordered)
-        self.assertEqual(len(berlin._fields_ordered), 3)
+        assert len(berlin._fields_ordered) == 3
-        self.assertEqual(berlin._fields_ordered[0], "city_id")
+        assert berlin._fields_ordered[0] == "city_id"
 
     def test_auto_id_vs_non_pk_id_field(self):
         class City(Document):
@@ -482,12 +460,12 @@ class TestInheritance(MongoDBTestCase):
             name = StringField()
 
         berlin = EuropeanCity(name="Berlin", continent="Europe")
-        self.assertEqual(len(berlin._db_field_map), len(berlin._fields_ordered))
+        assert len(berlin._db_field_map) == len(berlin._fields_ordered)
-        self.assertEqual(len(berlin._reverse_db_field_map), len(berlin._fields_ordered))
+        assert len(berlin._reverse_db_field_map) == len(berlin._fields_ordered)
-        self.assertEqual(len(berlin._fields_ordered), 4)
+        assert len(berlin._fields_ordered) == 4
-        self.assertEqual(berlin._fields_ordered[0], "auto_id_0")
+        assert berlin._fields_ordered[0] == "auto_id_0"
         berlin.save()
-        self.assertEqual(berlin.pk, berlin.auto_id_0)
+        assert berlin.pk == berlin.auto_id_0
 
     def test_abstract_document_creation_does_not_fail(self):
         class City(Document):
@@ -495,9 +473,9 @@ class TestInheritance(MongoDBTestCase):
             meta = {"abstract": True, "allow_inheritance": False}
 
         city = City(continent="asia")
-        self.assertEqual(None, city.pk)
+        assert city.pk is None
         # TODO: expected error? Shouldn't we create a new error type?
-        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+        with pytest.raises(KeyError):
             setattr(city, "pk", 1)
 
     def test_allow_inheritance_embedded_document(self):
@@ -506,20 +484,20 @@ class TestInheritance(MongoDBTestCase):
         class Comment(EmbeddedDocument):
             content = StringField()
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
 
             class SpecialComment(Comment):
                 pass
 
         doc = Comment(content="test")
-        self.assertNotIn("_cls", doc.to_mongo())
+        assert "_cls" not in doc.to_mongo()
 
         class Comment(EmbeddedDocument):
             content = StringField()
             meta = {"allow_inheritance": True}
 
         doc = Comment(content="test")
-        self.assertIn("_cls", doc.to_mongo())
+        assert "_cls" in doc.to_mongo()
 
     def test_document_inheritance(self):
         """Ensure mutliple inheritance of abstract documents
@@ -537,7 +515,7 @@ class TestInheritance(MongoDBTestCase):
                 pass
 
         except Exception:
-            self.assertTrue(False, "Couldn't create MyDocument class")
+            assert False, "Couldn't create MyDocument class"
 
     def test_abstract_documents(self):
         """Ensure that a document superclass can be marked as abstract
@@ -574,20 +552,20 @@ class TestInheritance(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         for k, v in iteritems(defaults):
             for cls in [Animal, Fish, Guppy]:
-                self.assertEqual(cls._meta[k], v)
+                assert cls._meta[k] == v
 
-        self.assertNotIn("collection", Animal._meta)
+        assert "collection" not in Animal._meta
-        self.assertNotIn("collection", Mammal._meta)
+        assert "collection" not in Mammal._meta
 
-        self.assertEqual(Animal._get_collection_name(), None)
+        assert Animal._get_collection_name() is None
-        self.assertEqual(Mammal._get_collection_name(), None)
+        assert Mammal._get_collection_name() is None
 
-        self.assertEqual(Fish._get_collection_name(), "fish")
+        assert Fish._get_collection_name() == "fish"
-        self.assertEqual(Guppy._get_collection_name(), "fish")
+        assert Guppy._get_collection_name() == "fish"
-        self.assertEqual(Human._get_collection_name(), "human")
+        assert Human._get_collection_name() == "human"
 
         # ensure that a subclass of a non-abstract class can't be abstract
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
 
             class EvilHuman(Human):
                 evil = BooleanField(default=True)
@@ -601,7 +579,7 @@ class TestInheritance(MongoDBTestCase):
         class B(A):
             pass
 
-        self.assertFalse(B._meta["abstract"])
+        assert not B._meta["abstract"]
 
     def test_inherited_collections(self):
         """Ensure that subclassed documents don't override parents'
@@ -647,8 +625,8 @@ class TestInheritance(MongoDBTestCase):
         real_person = Drinker(drink=beer)
         real_person.save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(Drinker.objects[0].drink.name, red_bull.name)
+        assert Drinker.objects[0].drink.name == red_bull.name
-        self.assertEqual(Drinker.objects[1].drink.name, beer.name)
+        assert Drinker.objects[1].drink.name == beer.name
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

tests/document/test_json_serialisation.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class TestJson(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         expected_json = """{"embedded":{"string":"Inner Hello"},"string":"Hello"}"""
 
-        self.assertEqual(doc_json, expected_json)
+        assert doc_json == expected_json
 
     def test_json_simple(self):
         class Embedded(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ class TestJson(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         doc_json = doc.to_json(sort_keys=True, separators=(",", ":"))
         expected_json = """{"embedded_field":{"string":"Hi"},"string":"Hi"}"""
-        self.assertEqual(doc_json, expected_json)
+        assert doc_json == expected_json
 
-        self.assertEqual(doc, Doc.from_json(doc.to_json()))
+        assert doc == Doc.from_json(doc.to_json())
 
     def test_json_complex(self):
         class EmbeddedDoc(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ class TestJson(MongoDBTestCase):
                 return json.loads(self.to_json()) == json.loads(other.to_json())
 
         doc = Doc()
-        self.assertEqual(doc, Doc.from_json(doc.to_json()))
+        assert doc == Doc.from_json(doc.to_json())
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

tests/document/test_validation.py

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 import unittest
 from datetime import datetime
 
+import pytest
+
 from mongoengine import *
 from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
 
@@ -11,12 +13,12 @@ class TestValidatorError(MongoDBTestCase):
         """Ensure a ValidationError handles error to_dict correctly.
         """
         error = ValidationError("root")
-        self.assertEqual(error.to_dict(), {})
+        assert error.to_dict() == {}
 
         # 1st level error schema
         error.errors = {"1st": ValidationError("bad 1st")}
-        self.assertIn("1st", error.to_dict())
+        assert "1st" in error.to_dict()
-        self.assertEqual(error.to_dict()["1st"], "bad 1st")
+        assert error.to_dict()["1st"] == "bad 1st"
 
         # 2nd level error schema
         error.errors = {
@@ -24,10 +26,10 @@ class TestValidatorError(MongoDBTestCase):
                 "bad 1st", errors={"2nd": ValidationError("bad 2nd")}
             )
         }
-        self.assertIn("1st", error.to_dict())
+        assert "1st" in error.to_dict()
-        self.assertIsInstance(error.to_dict()["1st"], dict)
+        assert isinstance(error.to_dict()["1st"], dict)
-        self.assertIn("2nd", error.to_dict()["1st"])
+        assert "2nd" in error.to_dict()["1st"]
-        self.assertEqual(error.to_dict()["1st"]["2nd"], "bad 2nd")
+        assert error.to_dict()["1st"]["2nd"] == "bad 2nd"
 
         # moar levels
         error.errors = {
@@ -45,13 +47,13 @@ class TestValidatorError(MongoDBTestCase):
                 },
             )
         }
-        self.assertIn("1st", error.to_dict())
+        assert "1st" in error.to_dict()
-        self.assertIn("2nd", error.to_dict()["1st"])
+        assert "2nd" in error.to_dict()["1st"]
-        self.assertIn("3rd", error.to_dict()["1st"]["2nd"])
+        assert "3rd" in error.to_dict()["1st"]["2nd"]
-        self.assertIn("4th", error.to_dict()["1st"]["2nd"]["3rd"])
+        assert "4th" in error.to_dict()["1st"]["2nd"]["3rd"]
-        self.assertEqual(error.to_dict()["1st"]["2nd"]["3rd"]["4th"], "Inception")
+        assert error.to_dict()["1st"]["2nd"]["3rd"]["4th"] == "Inception"
 
-        self.assertEqual(error.message, "root(2nd.3rd.4th.Inception: ['1st'])")
+        assert error.message == "root(2nd.3rd.4th.Inception: ['1st'])"
 
     def test_model_validation(self):
         class User(Document):
@@ -61,19 +63,19 @@ class TestValidatorError(MongoDBTestCase):
         try:
             User().validate()
         except ValidationError as e:
-            self.assertIn("User:None", e.message)
+            assert "User:None" in e.message
-            self.assertEqual(
+            assert e.to_dict() == {
-                e.to_dict(),
+                "username": "Field is required",
-                {"username": "Field is required", "name": "Field is required"},
+                "name": "Field is required",
-            )
+            }
 
         user = User(username="RossC0", name="Ross").save()
         user.name = None
         try:
             user.save()
         except ValidationError as e:
-            self.assertIn("User:RossC0", e.message)
+            assert "User:RossC0" in e.message
-            self.assertEqual(e.to_dict(), {"name": "Field is required"})
+            assert e.to_dict() == {"name": "Field is required"}
 
     def test_fields_rewrite(self):
         class BasePerson(Document):
@@ -85,7 +87,8 @@ class TestValidatorError(MongoDBTestCase):
             name = StringField(required=True)
 
         p = Person(age=15)
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, p.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            p.validate()
 
     def test_embedded_document_validation(self):
         """Ensure that embedded documents may be validated.
@@ -96,17 +99,19 @@ class TestValidatorError(MongoDBTestCase):
             content = StringField(required=True)
 
         comment = Comment()
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, comment.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            comment.validate()
 
         comment.content = "test"
         comment.validate()
 
         comment.date = 4
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, comment.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            comment.validate()
 
         comment.date = datetime.now()
         comment.validate()
-        self.assertEqual(comment._instance, None)
+        assert comment._instance is None
 
     def test_embedded_db_field_validate(self):
         class SubDoc(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -119,10 +124,8 @@ class TestValidatorError(MongoDBTestCase):
         try:
             Doc(id="bad").validate()
         except ValidationError as e:
-            self.assertIn("SubDoc:None", e.message)
+            assert "SubDoc:None" in e.message
-            self.assertEqual(
+            assert e.to_dict() == {"e": {"val": "OK could not be converted to int"}}
-                e.to_dict(), {"e": {"val": "OK could not be converted to int"}}
-            )
 
         Doc.drop_collection()
 
@@ -130,18 +133,16 @@ class TestValidatorError(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         doc = Doc.objects.first()
         keys = doc._data.keys()
-        self.assertEqual(2, len(keys))
+        assert 2 == len(keys)
-        self.assertIn("e", keys)
+        assert "e" in keys
-        self.assertIn("id", keys)
+        assert "id" in keys
 
         doc.e.val = "OK"
         try:
             doc.save()
         except ValidationError as e:
-            self.assertIn("Doc:test", e.message)
+            assert "Doc:test" in e.message
-            self.assertEqual(
+            assert e.to_dict() == {"e": {"val": "OK could not be converted to int"}}
-                e.to_dict(), {"e": {"val": "OK could not be converted to int"}}
-            )
 
     def test_embedded_weakref(self):
         class SubDoc(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -157,14 +158,16 @@ class TestValidatorError(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         s = SubDoc()
 
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, s.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            s.validate()
 
         d1.e = s
         d2.e = s
 
         del d1
 
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, d2.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            d2.validate()
 
     def test_parent_reference_in_child_document(self):
         """

tests/fields/test_binary_field.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 import uuid
 
 from bson import Binary
-from nose.plugins.skip import SkipTest
+import pytest
 import six
 
 from mongoengine import *
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ class TestBinaryField(MongoDBTestCase):
         attachment.save()
 
         attachment_1 = Attachment.objects().first()
-        self.assertEqual(MIME_TYPE, attachment_1.content_type)
+        assert MIME_TYPE == attachment_1.content_type
-        self.assertEqual(BLOB, six.binary_type(attachment_1.blob))
+        assert BLOB == six.binary_type(attachment_1.blob)
 
     def test_validation_succeeds(self):
         """Ensure that valid values can be assigned to binary fields.
@@ -45,13 +45,15 @@ class TestBinaryField(MongoDBTestCase):
             blob = BinaryField(max_bytes=4)
 
         attachment_required = AttachmentRequired()
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, attachment_required.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            attachment_required.validate()
         attachment_required.blob = Binary(six.b("\xe6\x00\xc4\xff\x07"))
         attachment_required.validate()
 
         _5_BYTES = six.b("\xe6\x00\xc4\xff\x07")
         _4_BYTES = six.b("\xe6\x00\xc4\xff")
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, AttachmentSizeLimit(blob=_5_BYTES).validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            AttachmentSizeLimit(blob=_5_BYTES).validate()
         AttachmentSizeLimit(blob=_4_BYTES).validate()
 
     def test_validation_fails(self):
@@ -61,7 +63,8 @@ class TestBinaryField(MongoDBTestCase):
             blob = BinaryField()
 
         for invalid_data in (2, u"Im_a_unicode", ["some_str"]):
-            self.assertRaises(ValidationError, Attachment(blob=invalid_data).validate)
+            with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+                Attachment(blob=invalid_data).validate()
 
     def test__primary(self):
         class Attachment(Document):
@@ -70,10 +73,10 @@ class TestBinaryField(MongoDBTestCase):
         Attachment.drop_collection()
         binary_id = uuid.uuid4().bytes
         att = Attachment(id=binary_id).save()
-        self.assertEqual(1, Attachment.objects.count())
+        assert 1 == Attachment.objects.count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, Attachment.objects.filter(id=att.id).count())
+        assert 1 == Attachment.objects.filter(id=att.id).count()
         att.delete()
-        self.assertEqual(0, Attachment.objects.count())
+        assert 0 == Attachment.objects.count()
 
     def test_primary_filter_by_binary_pk_as_str(self):
         class Attachment(Document):
@@ -82,9 +85,9 @@ class TestBinaryField(MongoDBTestCase):
         Attachment.drop_collection()
         binary_id = uuid.uuid4().bytes
         att = Attachment(id=binary_id).save()
-        self.assertEqual(1, Attachment.objects.filter(id=binary_id).count())
+        assert 1 == Attachment.objects.filter(id=binary_id).count()
         att.delete()
-        self.assertEqual(0, Attachment.objects.count())
+        assert 0 == Attachment.objects.count()
 
     def test_match_querying_with_bytes(self):
         class MyDocument(Document):
@@ -94,7 +97,7 @@ class TestBinaryField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         doc = MyDocument(bin_field=BIN_VALUE).save()
         matched_doc = MyDocument.objects(bin_field=BIN_VALUE).first()
-        self.assertEqual(matched_doc.id, doc.id)
+        assert matched_doc.id == doc.id
 
     def test_match_querying_with_binary(self):
         class MyDocument(Document):
@@ -105,7 +108,7 @@ class TestBinaryField(MongoDBTestCase):
         doc = MyDocument(bin_field=BIN_VALUE).save()
 
         matched_doc = MyDocument.objects(bin_field=Binary(BIN_VALUE)).first()
-        self.assertEqual(matched_doc.id, doc.id)
+        assert matched_doc.id == doc.id
 
     def test_modify_operation__set(self):
         """Ensures no regression of bug #1127"""
@@ -119,11 +122,11 @@ class TestBinaryField(MongoDBTestCase):
         doc = MyDocument.objects(some_field="test").modify(
             upsert=True, new=True, set__bin_field=BIN_VALUE
         )
-        self.assertEqual(doc.some_field, "test")
+        assert doc.some_field == "test"
         if six.PY3:
-            self.assertEqual(doc.bin_field, BIN_VALUE)
+            assert doc.bin_field == BIN_VALUE
         else:
-            self.assertEqual(doc.bin_field, Binary(BIN_VALUE))
+            assert doc.bin_field == Binary(BIN_VALUE)
 
     def test_update_one(self):
         """Ensures no regression of bug #1127"""
@@ -139,9 +142,9 @@ class TestBinaryField(MongoDBTestCase):
         n_updated = MyDocument.objects(bin_field=bin_data).update_one(
             bin_field=BIN_VALUE
         )
-        self.assertEqual(n_updated, 1)
+        assert n_updated == 1
         fetched = MyDocument.objects.with_id(doc.id)
         if six.PY3:
-            self.assertEqual(fetched.bin_field, BIN_VALUE)
+            assert fetched.bin_field == BIN_VALUE
         else:
-            self.assertEqual(fetched.bin_field, Binary(BIN_VALUE))
+            assert fetched.bin_field == Binary(BIN_VALUE)

tests/fields/test_boolean_field.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from mongoengine import *
+import pytest
 
+from mongoengine import *
 from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase, get_as_pymongo
 
 
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ class TestBooleanField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         person = Person(admin=True)
         person.save()
-        self.assertEqual(get_as_pymongo(person), {"_id": person.id, "admin": True})
+        assert get_as_pymongo(person) == {"_id": person.id, "admin": True}
 
     def test_validation(self):
         """Ensure that invalid values cannot be assigned to boolean
@@ -26,11 +27,14 @@ class TestBooleanField(MongoDBTestCase):
         person.validate()
 
         person.admin = 2
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            person.validate()
         person.admin = "Yes"
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            person.validate()
         person.admin = "False"
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            person.validate()
 
     def test_weirdness_constructor(self):
         """When attribute is set in contructor, it gets cast into a bool
@@ -42,7 +46,7 @@ class TestBooleanField(MongoDBTestCase):
             admin = BooleanField()
 
         new_person = Person(admin="False")
-        self.assertTrue(new_person.admin)
+        assert new_person.admin
 
         new_person = Person(admin="0")
-        self.assertTrue(new_person.admin)
+        assert new_person.admin

tests/fields/test_cached_reference_field.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from decimal import Decimal
 
-from mongoengine import *
+import pytest
 
+from mongoengine import *
 from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
 
 
@@ -46,29 +47,29 @@ class TestCachedReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         a = Animal(name="Leopard", tag="heavy")
         a.save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(Animal._cached_reference_fields, [Ocorrence.animal])
+        assert Animal._cached_reference_fields == [Ocorrence.animal]
         o = Ocorrence(person="teste", animal=a)
         o.save()
 
         p = Ocorrence(person="Wilson")
         p.save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(Ocorrence.objects(animal=None).count(), 1)
+        assert Ocorrence.objects(animal=None).count() == 1
 
-        self.assertEqual(a.to_mongo(fields=["tag"]), {"tag": "heavy", "_id": a.pk})
+        assert a.to_mongo(fields=["tag"]) == {"tag": "heavy", "_id": a.pk}
 
-        self.assertEqual(o.to_mongo()["animal"]["tag"], "heavy")
+        assert o.to_mongo()["animal"]["tag"] == "heavy"
 
         # counts
         Ocorrence(person="teste 2").save()
         Ocorrence(person="teste 3").save()
 
         count = Ocorrence.objects(animal__tag="heavy").count()
-        self.assertEqual(count, 1)
+        assert count == 1
 
         ocorrence = Ocorrence.objects(animal__tag="heavy").first()
-        self.assertEqual(ocorrence.person, "teste")
+        assert ocorrence.person == "teste"
-        self.assertIsInstance(ocorrence.animal, Animal)
+        assert isinstance(ocorrence.animal, Animal)
 
     def test_with_decimal(self):
         class PersonAuto(Document):
@@ -88,10 +89,11 @@ class TestCachedReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         s = SocialTest(group="dev", person=p)
         s.save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert SocialTest.objects._collection.find_one({"person.salary": 7000.00}) == {
-            SocialTest.objects._collection.find_one({"person.salary": 7000.00}),
+            "_id": s.pk,
-            {"_id": s.pk, "group": s.group, "person": {"_id": p.pk, "salary": 7000.00}},
+            "group": s.group,
-        )
+            "person": {"_id": p.pk, "salary": 7000.00},
+        }
 
     def test_cached_reference_field_reference(self):
         class Group(Document):
@@ -131,18 +133,15 @@ class TestCachedReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         s2 = SocialData(obs="testing 321", person=p3, tags=["tag3", "tag4"])
         s2.save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert SocialData.objects._collection.find_one({"tags": "tag2"}) == {
-            SocialData.objects._collection.find_one({"tags": "tag2"}),
-            {
             "_id": s1.pk,
             "obs": "testing 123",
             "tags": ["tag1", "tag2"],
             "person": {"_id": p1.pk, "group": g1.pk},
-            },
+        }
-        )
 
-        self.assertEqual(SocialData.objects(person__group=g2).count(), 1)
+        assert SocialData.objects(person__group=g2).count() == 1
-        self.assertEqual(SocialData.objects(person__group=g2).first(), s2)
+        assert SocialData.objects(person__group=g2).first() == s2
 
     def test_cached_reference_field_push_with_fields(self):
         class Product(Document):
@@ -157,26 +156,20 @@ class TestCachedReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         product1 = Product(name="abc").save()
         product2 = Product(name="def").save()
         basket = Basket(products=[product1]).save()
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert Basket.objects._collection.find_one() == {
-            Basket.objects._collection.find_one(),
-            {
             "_id": basket.pk,
             "products": [{"_id": product1.pk, "name": product1.name}],
-            },
+        }
-        )
         # push to list
         basket.update(push__products=product2)
         basket.reload()
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert Basket.objects._collection.find_one() == {
-            Basket.objects._collection.find_one(),
-            {
             "_id": basket.pk,
             "products": [
                 {"_id": product1.pk, "name": product1.name},
                 {"_id": product2.pk, "name": product2.name},
             ],
-            },
+        }
-        )
 
     def test_cached_reference_field_update_all(self):
         class Person(Document):
@@ -194,37 +187,31 @@ class TestCachedReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         a2.save()
 
         a2 = Person.objects.with_id(a2.id)
-        self.assertEqual(a2.father.tp, a1.tp)
+        assert a2.father.tp == a1.tp
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert dict(a2.to_mongo()) == {
-            dict(a2.to_mongo()),
-            {
             "_id": a2.pk,
             "name": u"Wilson Junior",
             "tp": u"pf",
             "father": {"_id": a1.pk, "tp": u"pj"},
-            },
+        }
-        )
 
-        self.assertEqual(Person.objects(father=a1)._query, {"father._id": a1.pk})
+        assert Person.objects(father=a1)._query == {"father._id": a1.pk}
-        self.assertEqual(Person.objects(father=a1).count(), 1)
+        assert Person.objects(father=a1).count() == 1
 
         Person.objects.update(set__tp="pf")
         Person.father.sync_all()
 
         a2.reload()
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert dict(a2.to_mongo()) == {
-            dict(a2.to_mongo()),
-            {
             "_id": a2.pk,
             "name": u"Wilson Junior",
             "tp": u"pf",
             "father": {"_id": a1.pk, "tp": u"pf"},
-            },
+        }
-        )
 
     def test_cached_reference_fields_on_embedded_documents(self):
-        with self.assertRaises(InvalidDocumentError):
+        with pytest.raises(InvalidDocumentError):
 
             class Test(Document):
                 name = StringField()
@@ -255,15 +242,12 @@ class TestCachedReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         a1.save()
 
         a2.reload()
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert dict(a2.to_mongo()) == {
-            dict(a2.to_mongo()),
-            {
             "_id": a2.pk,
             "name": "Wilson Junior",
             "tp": "pf",
             "father": {"_id": a1.pk, "tp": "pf"},
-            },
+        }
-        )
 
     def test_cached_reference_auto_sync_disabled(self):
         class Persone(Document):
@@ -284,15 +268,12 @@ class TestCachedReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         a1.tp = "pf"
         a1.save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert Persone.objects._collection.find_one({"_id": a2.pk}) == {
-            Persone.objects._collection.find_one({"_id": a2.pk}),
-            {
             "_id": a2.pk,
             "name": "Wilson Junior",
             "tp": "pf",
             "father": {"_id": a1.pk, "tp": "pj"},
-            },
+        }
-        )
 
     def test_cached_reference_embedded_fields(self):
         class Owner(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -320,28 +301,29 @@ class TestCachedReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         o = Ocorrence(person="teste", animal=a)
         o.save()
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert dict(a.to_mongo(fields=["tag", "owner.tp"])) == {
-            dict(a.to_mongo(fields=["tag", "owner.tp"])),
+            "_id": a.pk,
-            {"_id": a.pk, "tag": "heavy", "owner": {"t": "u"}},
+            "tag": "heavy",
-        )
+            "owner": {"t": "u"},
-        self.assertEqual(o.to_mongo()["animal"]["tag"], "heavy")
+        }
-        self.assertEqual(o.to_mongo()["animal"]["owner"]["t"], "u")
+        assert o.to_mongo()["animal"]["tag"] == "heavy"
+        assert o.to_mongo()["animal"]["owner"]["t"] == "u"
 
         # Check to_mongo with fields
-        self.assertNotIn("animal", o.to_mongo(fields=["person"]))
+        assert "animal" not in o.to_mongo(fields=["person"])
 
         # counts
         Ocorrence(person="teste 2").save()
         Ocorrence(person="teste 3").save()
 
         count = Ocorrence.objects(animal__tag="heavy", animal__owner__tp="u").count()
-        self.assertEqual(count, 1)
+        assert count == 1
 
         ocorrence = Ocorrence.objects(
             animal__tag="heavy", animal__owner__tp="u"
         ).first()
-        self.assertEqual(ocorrence.person, "teste")
+        assert ocorrence.person == "teste"
-        self.assertIsInstance(ocorrence.animal, Animal)
+        assert isinstance(ocorrence.animal, Animal)
 
     def test_cached_reference_embedded_list_fields(self):
         class Owner(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -370,13 +352,14 @@ class TestCachedReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         o = Ocorrence(person="teste 2", animal=a)
         o.save()
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert dict(a.to_mongo(fields=["tag", "owner.tags"])) == {
-            dict(a.to_mongo(fields=["tag", "owner.tags"])),
+            "_id": a.pk,
-            {"_id": a.pk, "tag": "heavy", "owner": {"tags": ["cool", "funny"]}},
+            "tag": "heavy",
-        )
+            "owner": {"tags": ["cool", "funny"]},
+        }
 
-        self.assertEqual(o.to_mongo()["animal"]["tag"], "heavy")
+        assert o.to_mongo()["animal"]["tag"] == "heavy"
-        self.assertEqual(o.to_mongo()["animal"]["owner"]["tags"], ["cool", "funny"])
+        assert o.to_mongo()["animal"]["owner"]["tags"] == ["cool", "funny"]
 
         # counts
         Ocorrence(person="teste 2").save()
@@ -385,10 +368,10 @@ class TestCachedReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         query = Ocorrence.objects(
             animal__tag="heavy", animal__owner__tags="cool"
         )._query
-        self.assertEqual(query, {"animal.owner.tags": "cool", "animal.tag": "heavy"})
+        assert query == {"animal.owner.tags": "cool", "animal.tag": "heavy"}
 
         ocorrence = Ocorrence.objects(
             animal__tag="heavy", animal__owner__tags="cool"
         ).first()
-        self.assertEqual(ocorrence.person, "teste 2")
+        assert ocorrence.person == "teste 2"
-        self.assertIsInstance(ocorrence.animal, Animal)
+        assert isinstance(ocorrence.animal, Animal)

tests/fields/test_complex_datetime_field.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import datetime
-import math
 import itertools
+import math
 import re
 
 from mongoengine import *
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class ComplexDateTimeFieldTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         log.date = d1
         log.save()
         log.reload()
-        self.assertEqual(log.date, d1)
+        assert log.date == d1
 
         # Post UTC - microseconds are rounded (down) nearest millisecond - with
         # default datetimefields
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class ComplexDateTimeFieldTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         log.date = d1
         log.save()
         log.reload()
-        self.assertEqual(log.date, d1)
+        assert log.date == d1
 
         # Pre UTC dates microseconds below 1000 are dropped - with default
         # datetimefields
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class ComplexDateTimeFieldTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         log.date = d1
         log.save()
         log.reload()
-        self.assertEqual(log.date, d1)
+        assert log.date == d1
 
         # Pre UTC microseconds above 1000 is wonky - with default datetimefields
         # log.date has an invalid microsecond value so I can't construct
@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ class ComplexDateTimeFieldTest(MongoDBTestCase):
             log.date = d1
             log.save()
             log.reload()
-            self.assertEqual(log.date, d1)
+            assert log.date == d1
             log1 = LogEntry.objects.get(date=d1)
-            self.assertEqual(log, log1)
+            assert log == log1
 
         # Test string padding
         microsecond = map(int, [math.pow(10, x) for x in range(6)])
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class ComplexDateTimeFieldTest(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         for values in itertools.product([2014], mm, dd, hh, ii, ss, microsecond):
             stored = LogEntry(date=datetime.datetime(*values)).to_mongo()["date"]
-            self.assertTrue(
+            assert (
                 re.match("^\d{4},\d{2},\d{2},\d{2},\d{2},\d{2},\d{6}$", stored)
                 is not None
             )
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class ComplexDateTimeFieldTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         stored = LogEntry(date_with_dots=datetime.datetime(2014, 1, 1)).to_mongo()[
             "date_with_dots"
         ]
-        self.assertTrue(
+        assert (
             re.match("^\d{4}.\d{2}.\d{2}.\d{2}.\d{2}.\d{2}.\d{6}$", stored) is not None
         )
 
@@ -93,40 +93,40 @@ class ComplexDateTimeFieldTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         log.save()
 
         log1 = LogEntry.objects.get(date=d1)
-        self.assertEqual(log, log1)
+        assert log == log1
 
         # create extra 59 log entries for a total of 60
         for i in range(1951, 2010):
             d = datetime.datetime(i, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 999)
             LogEntry(date=d).save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(LogEntry.objects.count(), 60)
+        assert LogEntry.objects.count() == 60
 
         # Test ordering
         logs = LogEntry.objects.order_by("date")
         i = 0
         while i < 59:
-            self.assertTrue(logs[i].date <= logs[i + 1].date)
+            assert logs[i].date <= logs[i + 1].date
             i += 1
 
         logs = LogEntry.objects.order_by("-date")
         i = 0
         while i < 59:
-            self.assertTrue(logs[i].date >= logs[i + 1].date)
+            assert logs[i].date >= logs[i + 1].date
             i += 1
 
         # Test searching
         logs = LogEntry.objects.filter(date__gte=datetime.datetime(1980, 1, 1))
-        self.assertEqual(logs.count(), 30)
+        assert logs.count() == 30
 
         logs = LogEntry.objects.filter(date__lte=datetime.datetime(1980, 1, 1))
-        self.assertEqual(logs.count(), 30)
+        assert logs.count() == 30
 
         logs = LogEntry.objects.filter(
             date__lte=datetime.datetime(2011, 1, 1),
             date__gte=datetime.datetime(2000, 1, 1),
         )
-        self.assertEqual(logs.count(), 10)
+        assert logs.count() == 10
 
         LogEntry.drop_collection()
 
@@ -137,17 +137,17 @@ class ComplexDateTimeFieldTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         logs = list(LogEntry.objects.order_by("date"))
         for next_idx, log in enumerate(logs[:-1], start=1):
             next_log = logs[next_idx]
-            self.assertTrue(log.date < next_log.date)
+            assert log.date < next_log.date
 
         logs = list(LogEntry.objects.order_by("-date"))
         for next_idx, log in enumerate(logs[:-1], start=1):
             next_log = logs[next_idx]
-            self.assertTrue(log.date > next_log.date)
+            assert log.date > next_log.date
 
         logs = LogEntry.objects.filter(
             date__lte=datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 10000)
         )
-        self.assertEqual(logs.count(), 4)
+        assert logs.count() == 4
 
     def test_no_default_value(self):
         class Log(Document):
@@ -156,11 +156,11 @@ class ComplexDateTimeFieldTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         Log.drop_collection()
 
         log = Log()
-        self.assertIsNone(log.timestamp)
+        assert log.timestamp is None
         log.save()
 
         fetched_log = Log.objects.with_id(log.id)
-        self.assertIsNone(fetched_log.timestamp)
+        assert fetched_log.timestamp is None
 
     def test_default_static_value(self):
         NOW = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
@@ -171,11 +171,11 @@ class ComplexDateTimeFieldTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         Log.drop_collection()
 
         log = Log()
-        self.assertEqual(log.timestamp, NOW)
+        assert log.timestamp == NOW
         log.save()
 
         fetched_log = Log.objects.with_id(log.id)
-        self.assertEqual(fetched_log.timestamp, NOW)
+        assert fetched_log.timestamp == NOW
 
     def test_default_callable(self):
         NOW = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
@@ -186,8 +186,8 @@ class ComplexDateTimeFieldTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         Log.drop_collection()
 
         log = Log()
-        self.assertGreaterEqual(log.timestamp, NOW)
+        assert log.timestamp >= NOW
         log.save()
 
         fetched_log = Log.objects.with_id(log.id)
-        self.assertGreaterEqual(fetched_log.timestamp, NOW)
+        assert fetched_log.timestamp >= NOW

tests/fields/test_date_field.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import datetime
+
+import pytest
 import six
 
 try:
@@ -8,7 +10,6 @@ except ImportError:
     dateutil = None
 
 from mongoengine import *
-
 from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
 
 
@@ -23,7 +24,8 @@ class TestDateField(MongoDBTestCase):
             dt = DateField()
 
         md = MyDoc(dt="")
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, md.save)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            md.save()
 
     def test_date_from_whitespace_string(self):
         """
@@ -35,7 +37,8 @@ class TestDateField(MongoDBTestCase):
             dt = DateField()
 
         md = MyDoc(dt="   ")
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, md.save)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            md.save()
 
     def test_default_values_today(self):
         """Ensure that default field values are used when creating
@@ -47,9 +50,9 @@ class TestDateField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         person = Person()
         person.validate()
-        self.assertEqual(person.day, person.day)
+        assert person.day == person.day
-        self.assertEqual(person.day, datetime.date.today())
+        assert person.day == datetime.date.today()
-        self.assertEqual(person._data["day"], person.day)
+        assert person._data["day"] == person.day
 
     def test_date(self):
         """Tests showing pymongo date fields
@@ -67,7 +70,7 @@ class TestDateField(MongoDBTestCase):
         log.date = datetime.date.today()
         log.save()
         log.reload()
-        self.assertEqual(log.date, datetime.date.today())
+        assert log.date == datetime.date.today()
 
         d1 = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 999)
         d2 = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1)
@@ -75,16 +78,16 @@ class TestDateField(MongoDBTestCase):
         log.date = d1
         log.save()
         log.reload()
-        self.assertEqual(log.date, d1.date())
+        assert log.date == d1.date()
-        self.assertEqual(log.date, d2.date())
+        assert log.date == d2.date()
 
         d1 = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 9999)
         d2 = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 9000)
         log.date = d1
         log.save()
         log.reload()
-        self.assertEqual(log.date, d1.date())
+        assert log.date == d1.date()
-        self.assertEqual(log.date, d2.date())
+        assert log.date == d2.date()
 
         if not six.PY3:
             # Pre UTC dates microseconds below 1000 are dropped
@@ -94,8 +97,8 @@ class TestDateField(MongoDBTestCase):
             log.date = d1
             log.save()
             log.reload()
-            self.assertEqual(log.date, d1.date())
+            assert log.date == d1.date()
-            self.assertEqual(log.date, d2.date())
+            assert log.date == d2.date()
 
     def test_regular_usage(self):
         """Tests for regular datetime fields"""
@@ -113,35 +116,35 @@ class TestDateField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         for query in (d1, d1.isoformat(" ")):
             log1 = LogEntry.objects.get(date=query)
-            self.assertEqual(log, log1)
+            assert log == log1
 
         if dateutil:
             log1 = LogEntry.objects.get(date=d1.isoformat("T"))
-            self.assertEqual(log, log1)
+            assert log == log1
 
         # create additional 19 log entries for a total of 20
         for i in range(1971, 1990):
             d = datetime.datetime(i, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1)
             LogEntry(date=d).save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(LogEntry.objects.count(), 20)
+        assert LogEntry.objects.count() == 20
 
         # Test ordering
         logs = LogEntry.objects.order_by("date")
         i = 0
         while i < 19:
-            self.assertTrue(logs[i].date <= logs[i + 1].date)
+            assert logs[i].date <= logs[i + 1].date
             i += 1
 
         logs = LogEntry.objects.order_by("-date")
         i = 0
         while i < 19:
-            self.assertTrue(logs[i].date >= logs[i + 1].date)
+            assert logs[i].date >= logs[i + 1].date
             i += 1
 
         # Test searching
         logs = LogEntry.objects.filter(date__gte=datetime.datetime(1980, 1, 1))
-        self.assertEqual(logs.count(), 10)
+        assert logs.count() == 10
 
     def test_validation(self):
         """Ensure that invalid values cannot be assigned to datetime
@@ -166,6 +169,8 @@ class TestDateField(MongoDBTestCase):
             log.validate()
 
         log.time = -1
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, log.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            log.validate()
         log.time = "ABC"
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, log.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            log.validate()

tests/fields/test_datetime_field.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import datetime as dt
+
+import pytest
 import six
 
 try:
@@ -24,7 +26,8 @@ class TestDateTimeField(MongoDBTestCase):
             dt = DateTimeField()
 
         md = MyDoc(dt="")
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, md.save)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            md.save()
 
     def test_datetime_from_whitespace_string(self):
         """
@@ -36,7 +39,8 @@ class TestDateTimeField(MongoDBTestCase):
             dt = DateTimeField()
 
         md = MyDoc(dt="   ")
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, md.save)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            md.save()
 
     def test_default_value_utcnow(self):
         """Ensure that default field values are used when creating
@@ -50,11 +54,9 @@ class TestDateTimeField(MongoDBTestCase):
         person = Person()
         person.validate()
         person_created_t0 = person.created
-        self.assertLess(person.created - utcnow, dt.timedelta(seconds=1))
+        assert person.created - utcnow < dt.timedelta(seconds=1)
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert person_created_t0 == person.created  # make sure it does not change
-            person_created_t0, person.created
+        assert person._data["created"] == person.created
-        )  # make sure it does not change
-        self.assertEqual(person._data["created"], person.created)
 
     def test_handling_microseconds(self):
         """Tests showing pymongo datetime fields handling of microseconds.
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@ class TestDateTimeField(MongoDBTestCase):
         log.date = dt.date.today()
         log.save()
         log.reload()
-        self.assertEqual(log.date.date(), dt.date.today())
+        assert log.date.date() == dt.date.today()
 
         # Post UTC - microseconds are rounded (down) nearest millisecond and
         # dropped
@@ -84,8 +86,8 @@ class TestDateTimeField(MongoDBTestCase):
         log.date = d1
         log.save()
         log.reload()
-        self.assertNotEqual(log.date, d1)
+        assert log.date != d1
-        self.assertEqual(log.date, d2)
+        assert log.date == d2
 
         # Post UTC - microseconds are rounded (down) nearest millisecond
         d1 = dt.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 9999)
@@ -93,8 +95,8 @@ class TestDateTimeField(MongoDBTestCase):
         log.date = d1
         log.save()
         log.reload()
-        self.assertNotEqual(log.date, d1)
+        assert log.date != d1
-        self.assertEqual(log.date, d2)
+        assert log.date == d2
 
         if not six.PY3:
             # Pre UTC dates microseconds below 1000 are dropped
@@ -104,8 +106,8 @@ class TestDateTimeField(MongoDBTestCase):
             log.date = d1
             log.save()
             log.reload()
-            self.assertNotEqual(log.date, d1)
+            assert log.date != d1
-            self.assertEqual(log.date, d2)
+            assert log.date == d2
 
     def test_regular_usage(self):
         """Tests for regular datetime fields"""
@@ -123,43 +125,43 @@ class TestDateTimeField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         for query in (d1, d1.isoformat(" ")):
             log1 = LogEntry.objects.get(date=query)
-            self.assertEqual(log, log1)
+            assert log == log1
 
         if dateutil:
             log1 = LogEntry.objects.get(date=d1.isoformat("T"))
-            self.assertEqual(log, log1)
+            assert log == log1
 
         # create additional 19 log entries for a total of 20
         for i in range(1971, 1990):
             d = dt.datetime(i, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1)
             LogEntry(date=d).save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(LogEntry.objects.count(), 20)
+        assert LogEntry.objects.count() == 20
 
         # Test ordering
         logs = LogEntry.objects.order_by("date")
         i = 0
         while i < 19:
-            self.assertTrue(logs[i].date <= logs[i + 1].date)
+            assert logs[i].date <= logs[i + 1].date
             i += 1
 
         logs = LogEntry.objects.order_by("-date")
         i = 0
         while i < 19:
-            self.assertTrue(logs[i].date >= logs[i + 1].date)
+            assert logs[i].date >= logs[i + 1].date
             i += 1
 
         # Test searching
         logs = LogEntry.objects.filter(date__gte=dt.datetime(1980, 1, 1))
-        self.assertEqual(logs.count(), 10)
+        assert logs.count() == 10
 
         logs = LogEntry.objects.filter(date__lte=dt.datetime(1980, 1, 1))
-        self.assertEqual(logs.count(), 10)
+        assert logs.count() == 10
 
         logs = LogEntry.objects.filter(
             date__lte=dt.datetime(1980, 1, 1), date__gte=dt.datetime(1975, 1, 1)
         )
-        self.assertEqual(logs.count(), 5)
+        assert logs.count() == 5
 
     def test_datetime_validation(self):
         """Ensure that invalid values cannot be assigned to datetime
@@ -187,15 +189,20 @@ class TestDateTimeField(MongoDBTestCase):
             log.validate()
 
         log.time = -1
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, log.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            log.validate()
         log.time = "ABC"
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, log.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            log.validate()
         log.time = "2019-05-16 21:GARBAGE:12"
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, log.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            log.validate()
         log.time = "2019-05-16 21:42:57.GARBAGE"
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, log.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            log.validate()
         log.time = "2019-05-16 21:42:57.123.456"
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, log.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            log.validate()
 
     def test_parse_datetime_as_str(self):
         class DTDoc(Document):
@@ -206,15 +213,16 @@ class TestDateTimeField(MongoDBTestCase):
         # make sure that passing a parsable datetime works
         dtd = DTDoc()
         dtd.date = date_str
-        self.assertIsInstance(dtd.date, six.string_types)
+        assert isinstance(dtd.date, six.string_types)
         dtd.save()
         dtd.reload()
 
-        self.assertIsInstance(dtd.date, dt.datetime)
+        assert isinstance(dtd.date, dt.datetime)
-        self.assertEqual(str(dtd.date), date_str)
+        assert str(dtd.date) == date_str
 
         dtd.date = "January 1st, 9999999999"
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, dtd.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            dtd.validate()
 
 
 class TestDateTimeTzAware(MongoDBTestCase):
@@ -235,4 +243,4 @@ class TestDateTimeTzAware(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         log = LogEntry.objects.first()
         log.time = dt.datetime(2013, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)
-        self.assertEqual(["time"], log._changed_fields)
+        assert ["time"] == log._changed_fields

tests/fields/test_decimal_field.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from decimal import Decimal
 
-from mongoengine import *
+import pytest
 
+from mongoengine import *
 from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
 
 
@@ -18,21 +19,26 @@ class TestDecimalField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         Person(height=Decimal("1.89")).save()
         person = Person.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(person.height, Decimal("1.89"))
+        assert person.height == Decimal("1.89")
 
         person.height = "2.0"
         person.save()
         person.height = 0.01
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            person.validate()
         person.height = Decimal("0.01")
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            person.validate()
         person.height = Decimal("4.0")
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            person.validate()
         person.height = "something invalid"
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            person.validate()
 
         person_2 = Person(height="something invalid")
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person_2.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            person_2.validate()
 
     def test_comparison(self):
         class Person(Document):
@@ -45,11 +51,11 @@ class TestDecimalField(MongoDBTestCase):
         Person(money=8).save()
         Person(money=10).save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(2, Person.objects(money__gt=Decimal("7")).count())
+        assert 2 == Person.objects(money__gt=Decimal("7")).count()
-        self.assertEqual(2, Person.objects(money__gt=7).count())
+        assert 2 == Person.objects(money__gt=7).count()
-        self.assertEqual(2, Person.objects(money__gt="7").count())
+        assert 2 == Person.objects(money__gt="7").count()
 
-        self.assertEqual(3, Person.objects(money__gte="7").count())
+        assert 3 == Person.objects(money__gte="7").count()
 
     def test_storage(self):
         class Person(Document):
@@ -87,7 +93,7 @@ class TestDecimalField(MongoDBTestCase):
         ]
         expected.extend(expected)
         actual = list(Person.objects.exclude("id").as_pymongo())
-        self.assertEqual(expected, actual)
+        assert expected == actual
 
         # How it comes out locally
         expected = [
@@ -101,4 +107,4 @@ class TestDecimalField(MongoDBTestCase):
         expected.extend(expected)
         for field_name in ["float_value", "string_value"]:
             actual = list(Person.objects().scalar(field_name))
-            self.assertEqual(expected, actual)
+            assert expected == actual

tests/fields/test_dict_field.py

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import pytest
+
 from mongoengine import *
 from mongoengine.base import BaseDict
+from mongoengine.mongodb_support import MONGODB_36, get_mongodb_version
 
 from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase, get_as_pymongo
 
@@ -14,7 +17,7 @@ class TestDictField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         info = {"testkey": "testvalue"}
         post = BlogPost(info=info).save()
-        self.assertEqual(get_as_pymongo(post), {"_id": post.id, "info": info})
+        assert get_as_pymongo(post) == {"_id": post.id, "info": info}
 
     def test_general_things(self):
         """Ensure that dict types work as expected."""
@@ -26,25 +29,42 @@ class TestDictField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         post = BlogPost()
         post.info = "my post"
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, post.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            post.validate()
 
         post.info = ["test", "test"]
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, post.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            post.validate()
 
         post.info = {"$title": "test"}
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, post.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            post.validate()
 
         post.info = {"nested": {"$title": "test"}}
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, post.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            post.validate()
 
-        post.info = {"the.title": "test"}
+        post.info = {"$title.test": "test"}
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, post.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
-
+            post.validate()
-        post.info = {"nested": {"the.title": "test"}}
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, post.validate)
 
         post.info = {1: "test"}
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, post.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            post.validate()
+
+        post.info = {"nested": {"the.title": "test"}}
+        if get_mongodb_version() < MONGODB_36:
+            with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+                post.validate()
+        else:
+            post.validate()
+
+        post.info = {"dollar_and_dot": {"te$st.test": "test"}}
+        if get_mongodb_version() < MONGODB_36:
+            with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+                post.validate()
+        else:
+            post.validate()
 
         post.info = {"title": "test"}
         post.save()
@@ -61,33 +81,27 @@ class TestDictField(MongoDBTestCase):
         post.info = {"details": {"test": 3}}
         post.save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects.count(), 4)
+        assert BlogPost.objects.count() == 4
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects.filter(info__title__exact="test").count(), 1)
+        assert BlogPost.objects.filter(info__title__exact="test").count() == 1
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert BlogPost.objects.filter(info__details__test__exact="test").count() == 1
-            BlogPost.objects.filter(info__details__test__exact="test").count(), 1
-        )
 
         post = BlogPost.objects.filter(info__title__exact="dollar_sign").first()
-        self.assertIn("te$t", post["info"]["details"])
+        assert "te$t" in post["info"]["details"]
 
         # Confirm handles non strings or non existing keys
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert BlogPost.objects.filter(info__details__test__exact=5).count() == 0
-            BlogPost.objects.filter(info__details__test__exact=5).count(), 0
+        assert BlogPost.objects.filter(info__made_up__test__exact="test").count() == 0
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            BlogPost.objects.filter(info__made_up__test__exact="test").count(), 0
-        )
 
         post = BlogPost.objects.create(info={"title": "original"})
         post.info.update({"title": "updated"})
         post.save()
         post.reload()
-        self.assertEqual("updated", post.info["title"])
+        assert "updated" == post.info["title"]
 
         post.info.setdefault("authors", [])
         post.save()
         post.reload()
-        self.assertEqual([], post.info["authors"])
+        assert [] == post.info["authors"]
 
     def test_dictfield_dump_document(self):
         """Ensure a DictField can handle another document's dump."""
@@ -114,10 +128,8 @@ class TestDictField(MongoDBTestCase):
         ).save()
         doc = Doc(field=to_embed.to_mongo().to_dict())
         doc.save()
-        self.assertIsInstance(doc.field, dict)
+        assert isinstance(doc.field, dict)
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert doc.field == {"_id": 2, "recursive": {"_id": 1, "recursive": {}}}
-            doc.field, {"_id": 2, "recursive": {"_id": 1, "recursive": {}}}
-        )
         # Same thing with a Document with a _cls field
         to_embed_recursive = ToEmbedChild(id=1).save()
         to_embed_child = ToEmbedChild(
@@ -125,7 +137,7 @@ class TestDictField(MongoDBTestCase):
         ).save()
         doc = Doc(field=to_embed_child.to_mongo().to_dict())
         doc.save()
-        self.assertIsInstance(doc.field, dict)
+        assert isinstance(doc.field, dict)
         expected = {
             "_id": 2,
             "_cls": "ToEmbedParent.ToEmbedChild",
@@ -135,7 +147,7 @@ class TestDictField(MongoDBTestCase):
                 "recursive": {},
             },
         }
-        self.assertEqual(doc.field, expected)
+        assert doc.field == expected
 
     def test_dictfield_strict(self):
         """Ensure that dict field handles validation if provided a strict field type."""
@@ -150,7 +162,7 @@ class TestDictField(MongoDBTestCase):
         e.save()
 
         # try creating an invalid mapping
-        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
             e.mapping["somestring"] = "abc"
             e.save()
 
@@ -184,22 +196,21 @@ class TestDictField(MongoDBTestCase):
         e.save()
 
         e2 = Simple.objects.get(id=e.id)
-        self.assertIsInstance(e2.mapping["somestring"], StringSetting)
+        assert isinstance(e2.mapping["somestring"], StringSetting)
-        self.assertIsInstance(e2.mapping["someint"], IntegerSetting)
+        assert isinstance(e2.mapping["someint"], IntegerSetting)
 
         # Test querying
-        self.assertEqual(Simple.objects.filter(mapping__someint__value=42).count(), 1)
+        assert Simple.objects.filter(mapping__someint__value=42).count() == 1
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert Simple.objects.filter(mapping__nested_dict__number=1).count() == 1
-            Simple.objects.filter(mapping__nested_dict__number=1).count(), 1
+        assert (
+            Simple.objects.filter(mapping__nested_dict__complex__value=42).count() == 1
         )
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert (
-            Simple.objects.filter(mapping__nested_dict__complex__value=42).count(), 1
+            Simple.objects.filter(mapping__nested_dict__list__0__value=42).count() == 1
         )
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert (
-            Simple.objects.filter(mapping__nested_dict__list__0__value=42).count(), 1
+            Simple.objects.filter(mapping__nested_dict__list__1__value="foo").count()
-        )
+            == 1
-        self.assertEqual(
-            Simple.objects.filter(mapping__nested_dict__list__1__value="foo").count(), 1
         )
 
         # Confirm can update
@@ -207,11 +218,13 @@ class TestDictField(MongoDBTestCase):
         Simple.objects().update(
             set__mapping__nested_dict__list__1=StringSetting(value="Boo")
         )
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert (
-            Simple.objects.filter(mapping__nested_dict__list__1__value="foo").count(), 0
+            Simple.objects.filter(mapping__nested_dict__list__1__value="foo").count()
+            == 0
         )
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert (
-            Simple.objects.filter(mapping__nested_dict__list__1__value="Boo").count(), 1
+            Simple.objects.filter(mapping__nested_dict__list__1__value="Boo").count()
+            == 1
         )
 
     def test_push_dict(self):
@@ -221,12 +234,12 @@ class TestDictField(MongoDBTestCase):
         doc = MyModel(events=[{"a": 1}]).save()
         raw_doc = get_as_pymongo(doc)
         expected_raw_doc = {"_id": doc.id, "events": [{"a": 1}]}
-        self.assertEqual(raw_doc, expected_raw_doc)
+        assert raw_doc == expected_raw_doc
 
         MyModel.objects(id=doc.id).update(push__events={})
         raw_doc = get_as_pymongo(doc)
         expected_raw_doc = {"_id": doc.id, "events": [{"a": 1}, {}]}
-        self.assertEqual(raw_doc, expected_raw_doc)
+        assert raw_doc == expected_raw_doc
 
     def test_ensure_unique_default_instances(self):
         """Ensure that every field has it's own unique default instance."""
@@ -239,8 +252,8 @@ class TestDictField(MongoDBTestCase):
         d1.data["foo"] = "bar"
         d1.data2["foo"] = "bar"
         d2 = D()
-        self.assertEqual(d2.data, {})
+        assert d2.data == {}
-        self.assertEqual(d2.data2, {})
+        assert d2.data2 == {}
 
     def test_dict_field_invalid_dict_value(self):
         class DictFieldTest(Document):
@@ -250,11 +263,13 @@ class TestDictField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         test = DictFieldTest(dictionary=None)
         test.dictionary  # Just access to test getter
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, test.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            test.validate()
 
         test = DictFieldTest(dictionary=False)
         test.dictionary  # Just access to test getter
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, test.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            test.validate()
 
     def test_dict_field_raises_validation_error_if_wrongly_assign_embedded_doc(self):
         class DictFieldTest(Document):
@@ -267,12 +282,12 @@ class TestDictField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         embed = Embedded(name="garbage")
         doc = DictFieldTest(dictionary=embed)
-        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError) as ctx_err:
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
             doc.validate()
-        self.assertIn("'dictionary'", str(ctx_err.exception))
+
-        self.assertIn(
+        error_msg = str(exc_info.value)
-            "Only dictionaries may be used in a DictField", str(ctx_err.exception)
+        assert "'dictionary'" in error_msg
-        )
+        assert "Only dictionaries may be used in a DictField" in error_msg
 
     def test_atomic_update_dict_field(self):
         """Ensure that the entire DictField can be atomically updated."""
@@ -287,11 +302,11 @@ class TestDictField(MongoDBTestCase):
         e.save()
         e.update(set__mapping={"ints": [3, 4]})
         e.reload()
-        self.assertEqual(BaseDict, type(e.mapping))
+        assert isinstance(e.mapping, BaseDict)
-        self.assertEqual({"ints": [3, 4]}, e.mapping)
+        assert {"ints": [3, 4]} == e.mapping
 
         # try creating an invalid mapping
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
             e.update(set__mapping={"somestrings": ["foo", "bar"]})
 
     def test_dictfield_with_referencefield_complex_nesting_cases(self):
@@ -329,13 +344,13 @@ class TestDictField(MongoDBTestCase):
         e.save()
 
         s = Simple.objects.first()
-        self.assertIsInstance(s.mapping0["someint"], Doc)
+        assert isinstance(s.mapping0["someint"], Doc)
-        self.assertIsInstance(s.mapping1["someint"], Doc)
+        assert isinstance(s.mapping1["someint"], Doc)
-        self.assertIsInstance(s.mapping2["someint"][0], Doc)
+        assert isinstance(s.mapping2["someint"][0], Doc)
-        self.assertIsInstance(s.mapping3["someint"][0], Doc)
+        assert isinstance(s.mapping3["someint"][0], Doc)
-        self.assertIsInstance(s.mapping4["someint"]["d"], Doc)
+        assert isinstance(s.mapping4["someint"]["d"], Doc)
-        self.assertIsInstance(s.mapping5["someint"]["d"], Doc)
+        assert isinstance(s.mapping5["someint"]["d"], Doc)
-        self.assertIsInstance(s.mapping6["someint"][0]["d"], Doc)
+        assert isinstance(s.mapping6["someint"][0]["d"], Doc)
-        self.assertIsInstance(s.mapping7["someint"][0]["d"], Doc)
+        assert isinstance(s.mapping7["someint"][0]["d"], Doc)
-        self.assertIsInstance(s.mapping8["someint"][0]["d"][0], Doc)
+        assert isinstance(s.mapping8["someint"][0]["d"][0], Doc)
-        self.assertIsInstance(s.mapping9["someint"][0]["d"][0], Doc)
+        assert isinstance(s.mapping9["someint"][0]["d"][0], Doc)

tests/fields/test_email_field.py

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import sys
-from unittest import SkipTest
+
+import pytest
 
 from mongoengine import *
-
 from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
 
 
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ class TestEmailField(MongoDBTestCase):
         user.validate()
 
         user = User(email="ross@example.com.")
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, user.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            user.validate()
 
         # unicode domain
         user = User(email=u"user@пример.рф")
@@ -35,24 +36,22 @@ class TestEmailField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         # invalid unicode domain
         user = User(email=u"user@пример")
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, user.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            user.validate()
 
         # invalid data type
         user = User(email=123)
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, user.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            user.validate()
 
     def test_email_field_unicode_user(self):
-        # Don't run this test on pypy3, which doesn't support unicode regex:
-        # https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/issues/1821/regular-expression-doesnt-find-unicode
-        if sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 2):
-            raise SkipTest("unicode email addresses are not supported on PyPy 3")
-
         class User(Document):
             email = EmailField()
 
         # unicode user shouldn't validate by default...
         user = User(email=u"Dörte@Sörensen.example.com")
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, user.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            user.validate()
 
         # ...but it should be fine with allow_utf8_user set to True
         class User(Document):
@@ -67,7 +66,8 @@ class TestEmailField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         # localhost domain shouldn't validate by default...
         user = User(email="me@localhost")
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, user.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            user.validate()
 
         # ...but it should be fine if it's whitelisted
         class User(Document):
@@ -82,9 +82,10 @@ class TestEmailField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         invalid_idn = ".google.com"
         user = User(email="me@%s" % invalid_idn)
-        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError) as ctx_err:
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
             user.validate()
-        self.assertIn("domain failed IDN encoding", str(ctx_err.exception))
+        assert "domain failed IDN encoding" in str(exc_info.value)
 
     def test_email_field_ip_domain(self):
         class User(Document):
@@ -96,13 +97,16 @@ class TestEmailField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         # IP address as a domain shouldn't validate by default...
         user = User(email=valid_ipv4)
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, user.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            user.validate()
 
         user = User(email=valid_ipv6)
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, user.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            user.validate()
 
         user = User(email=invalid_ip)
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, user.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            user.validate()
 
         # ...but it should be fine with allow_ip_domain set to True
         class User(Document):
@@ -116,7 +120,8 @@ class TestEmailField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         # invalid IP should still fail validation
         user = User(email=invalid_ip)
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, user.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            user.validate()
 
     def test_email_field_honors_regex(self):
         class User(Document):
@@ -124,8 +129,9 @@ class TestEmailField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         # Fails regex validation
         user = User(email="me@foo.com")
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, user.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            user.validate()
 
         # Passes regex validation
         user = User(email="me@example.com")
-        self.assertIsNone(user.validate())
+        assert user.validate() is None

tests/fields/test_embedded_document_field.py

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import pytest
+
 from mongoengine import (
     Document,
-    StringField,
-    ValidationError,
     EmbeddedDocument,
     EmbeddedDocumentField,
-    InvalidQueryError,
-    LookUpError,
-    IntField,
     GenericEmbeddedDocumentField,
+    IntField,
+    InvalidQueryError,
     ListField,
-    EmbeddedDocumentListField,
+    LookUpError,
-    ReferenceField,
+    StringField,
+    ValidationError,
 )
 
 from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ class TestEmbeddedDocumentField(MongoDBTestCase):
             name = StringField()
 
         field = EmbeddedDocumentField(MyDoc)
-        self.assertEqual(field.document_type_obj, MyDoc)
+        assert field.document_type_obj == MyDoc
 
         field2 = EmbeddedDocumentField("MyDoc")
-        self.assertEqual(field2.document_type_obj, "MyDoc")
+        assert field2.document_type_obj == "MyDoc"
 
     def test___init___throw_error_if_document_type_is_not_EmbeddedDocument(self):
-        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
             EmbeddedDocumentField(dict)
 
     def test_document_type_throw_error_if_not_EmbeddedDocument_subclass(self):
@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ class TestEmbeddedDocumentField(MongoDBTestCase):
             name = StringField()
 
         emb = EmbeddedDocumentField("MyDoc")
-        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError) as ctx:
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
             emb.document_type
-        self.assertIn(
+        assert (
-            "Invalid embedded document class provided to an EmbeddedDocumentField",
+            "Invalid embedded document class provided to an EmbeddedDocumentField"
-            str(ctx.exception),
+            in str(exc_info.value)
         )
 
     def test_embedded_document_field_only_allow_subclasses_of_embedded_document(self):
@@ -49,12 +49,12 @@ class TestEmbeddedDocumentField(MongoDBTestCase):
         class MyDoc(Document):
             name = StringField()
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
 
             class MyFailingDoc(Document):
                 emb = EmbeddedDocumentField(MyDoc)
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
 
             class MyFailingdoc2(Document):
                 emb = EmbeddedDocumentField("MyDoc")
@@ -73,24 +73,24 @@ class TestEmbeddedDocumentField(MongoDBTestCase):
         p = Person(settings=AdminSettings(foo1="bar1", foo2="bar2"), name="John").save()
 
         # Test non exiting attribute
-        with self.assertRaises(InvalidQueryError) as ctx_err:
+        with pytest.raises(InvalidQueryError) as exc_info:
             Person.objects(settings__notexist="bar").first()
-        self.assertEqual(unicode(ctx_err.exception), u'Cannot resolve field "notexist"')
+        assert unicode(exc_info.value) == u'Cannot resolve field "notexist"'
 
-        with self.assertRaises(LookUpError):
+        with pytest.raises(LookUpError):
             Person.objects.only("settings.notexist")
 
         # Test existing attribute
-        self.assertEqual(Person.objects(settings__foo1="bar1").first().id, p.id)
+        assert Person.objects(settings__foo1="bar1").first().id == p.id
         only_p = Person.objects.only("settings.foo1").first()
-        self.assertEqual(only_p.settings.foo1, p.settings.foo1)
+        assert only_p.settings.foo1 == p.settings.foo1
-        self.assertIsNone(only_p.settings.foo2)
+        assert only_p.settings.foo2 is None
-        self.assertIsNone(only_p.name)
+        assert only_p.name is None
 
         exclude_p = Person.objects.exclude("settings.foo1").first()
-        self.assertIsNone(exclude_p.settings.foo1)
+        assert exclude_p.settings.foo1 is None
-        self.assertEqual(exclude_p.settings.foo2, p.settings.foo2)
+        assert exclude_p.settings.foo2 == p.settings.foo2
-        self.assertEqual(exclude_p.name, p.name)
+        assert exclude_p.name == p.name
 
     def test_query_embedded_document_attribute_with_inheritance(self):
         class BaseSettings(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -109,17 +109,17 @@ class TestEmbeddedDocumentField(MongoDBTestCase):
         p.save()
 
         # Test non exiting attribute
-        with self.assertRaises(InvalidQueryError) as ctx_err:
+        with pytest.raises(InvalidQueryError) as exc_info:
-            self.assertEqual(Person.objects(settings__notexist="bar").first().id, p.id)
+            assert Person.objects(settings__notexist="bar").first().id == p.id
-        self.assertEqual(unicode(ctx_err.exception), u'Cannot resolve field "notexist"')
+        assert unicode(exc_info.value) == u'Cannot resolve field "notexist"'
 
         # Test existing attribute
-        self.assertEqual(Person.objects(settings__base_foo="basefoo").first().id, p.id)
+        assert Person.objects(settings__base_foo="basefoo").first().id == p.id
-        self.assertEqual(Person.objects(settings__sub_foo="subfoo").first().id, p.id)
+        assert Person.objects(settings__sub_foo="subfoo").first().id == p.id
 
         only_p = Person.objects.only("settings.base_foo", "settings._cls").first()
-        self.assertEqual(only_p.settings.base_foo, "basefoo")
+        assert only_p.settings.base_foo == "basefoo"
-        self.assertIsNone(only_p.settings.sub_foo)
+        assert only_p.settings.sub_foo is None
 
     def test_query_list_embedded_document_with_inheritance(self):
         class Post(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -139,14 +139,14 @@ class TestEmbeddedDocumentField(MongoDBTestCase):
         record_text = Record(posts=[TextPost(content="a", title="foo")]).save()
 
         records = list(Record.objects(posts__author=record_movie.posts[0].author))
-        self.assertEqual(len(records), 1)
+        assert len(records) == 1
-        self.assertEqual(records[0].id, record_movie.id)
+        assert records[0].id == record_movie.id
 
         records = list(Record.objects(posts__content=record_text.posts[0].content))
-        self.assertEqual(len(records), 1)
+        assert len(records) == 1
-        self.assertEqual(records[0].id, record_text.id)
+        assert records[0].id == record_text.id
 
-        self.assertEqual(Record.objects(posts__title="foo").count(), 2)
+        assert Record.objects(posts__title="foo").count() == 2
 
 
 class TestGenericEmbeddedDocumentField(MongoDBTestCase):
@@ -169,13 +169,13 @@ class TestGenericEmbeddedDocumentField(MongoDBTestCase):
         person.save()
 
         person = Person.objects.first()
-        self.assertIsInstance(person.like, Car)
+        assert isinstance(person.like, Car)
 
         person.like = Dish(food="arroz", number=15)
         person.save()
 
         person = Person.objects.first()
-        self.assertIsInstance(person.like, Dish)
+        assert isinstance(person.like, Dish)
 
     def test_generic_embedded_document_choices(self):
         """Ensure you can limit GenericEmbeddedDocument choices."""
@@ -195,13 +195,14 @@ class TestGenericEmbeddedDocumentField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         person = Person(name="Test User")
         person.like = Car(name="Fiat")
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            person.validate()
 
         person.like = Dish(food="arroz", number=15)
         person.save()
 
         person = Person.objects.first()
-        self.assertIsInstance(person.like, Dish)
+        assert isinstance(person.like, Dish)
 
     def test_generic_list_embedded_document_choices(self):
         """Ensure you can limit GenericEmbeddedDocument choices inside
@@ -223,13 +224,14 @@ class TestGenericEmbeddedDocumentField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         person = Person(name="Test User")
         person.likes = [Car(name="Fiat")]
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            person.validate()
 
         person.likes = [Dish(food="arroz", number=15)]
         person.save()
 
         person = Person.objects.first()
-        self.assertIsInstance(person.likes[0], Dish)
+        assert isinstance(person.likes[0], Dish)
 
     def test_choices_validation_documents(self):
         """
@@ -265,7 +267,8 @@ class TestGenericEmbeddedDocumentField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         # Single Entry Failure
         post = BlogPost(comments=[ModeratorComments(author="mod1", message="message1")])
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, post.save)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            post.save()
 
         # Mixed Entry Failure
         post = BlogPost(
@@ -274,7 +277,8 @@ class TestGenericEmbeddedDocumentField(MongoDBTestCase):
                 UserComments(author="user2", message="message2"),
             ]
         )
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, post.save)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            post.save()
 
     def test_choices_validation_documents_inheritance(self):
         """
@@ -313,16 +317,16 @@ class TestGenericEmbeddedDocumentField(MongoDBTestCase):
         p2 = Person(settings=NonAdminSettings(foo2="bar2")).save()
 
         # Test non exiting attribute
-        with self.assertRaises(InvalidQueryError) as ctx_err:
+        with pytest.raises(InvalidQueryError) as exc_info:
             Person.objects(settings__notexist="bar").first()
-        self.assertEqual(unicode(ctx_err.exception), u'Cannot resolve field "notexist"')
+        assert unicode(exc_info.value) == u'Cannot resolve field "notexist"'
 
-        with self.assertRaises(LookUpError):
+        with pytest.raises(LookUpError):
             Person.objects.only("settings.notexist")
 
         # Test existing attribute
-        self.assertEqual(Person.objects(settings__foo1="bar1").first().id, p1.id)
+        assert Person.objects(settings__foo1="bar1").first().id == p1.id
-        self.assertEqual(Person.objects(settings__foo2="bar2").first().id, p2.id)
+        assert Person.objects(settings__foo2="bar2").first().id == p2.id
 
     def test_query_generic_embedded_document_attribute_with_inheritance(self):
         class BaseSettings(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -341,10 +345,10 @@ class TestGenericEmbeddedDocumentField(MongoDBTestCase):
         p.save()
 
         # Test non exiting attribute
-        with self.assertRaises(InvalidQueryError) as ctx_err:
+        with pytest.raises(InvalidQueryError) as exc_info:
-            self.assertEqual(Person.objects(settings__notexist="bar").first().id, p.id)
+            assert Person.objects(settings__notexist="bar").first().id == p.id
-        self.assertEqual(unicode(ctx_err.exception), u'Cannot resolve field "notexist"')
+        assert unicode(exc_info.value) == u'Cannot resolve field "notexist"'
 
         # Test existing attribute
-        self.assertEqual(Person.objects(settings__base_foo="basefoo").first().id, p.id)
+        assert Person.objects(settings__base_foo="basefoo").first().id == p.id
-        self.assertEqual(Person.objects(settings__sub_foo="subfoo").first().id, p.id)
+        assert Person.objects(settings__sub_foo="subfoo").first().id == p.id

tests/fields/test_file_field.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import tempfile
 import unittest
 
 import gridfs
-from nose.plugins.skip import SkipTest
+import pytest
 import six
 
 from mongoengine import *
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ except ImportError:
 
 from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
 
+require_pil = pytest.mark.skipif(not HAS_PIL, reason="PIL not installed")
+
 TEST_IMAGE_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "mongoengine.png")
 TEST_IMAGE2_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "mongodb_leaf.png")
 
@@ -64,13 +66,13 @@ class TestFileField(MongoDBTestCase):
         putfile.save()
 
         result = PutFile.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(putfile, result)
+        assert putfile == result
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert (
-            "%s" % result.the_file,
+            "%s" % result.the_file
-            "<GridFSProxy: hello (%s)>" % result.the_file.grid_id,
+            == "<GridFSProxy: hello (%s)>" % result.the_file.grid_id
         )
-        self.assertEqual(result.the_file.read(), text)
+        assert result.the_file.read() == text
-        self.assertEqual(result.the_file.content_type, content_type)
+        assert result.the_file.content_type == content_type
         result.the_file.delete()  # Remove file from GridFS
         PutFile.objects.delete()
 
@@ -85,9 +87,9 @@ class TestFileField(MongoDBTestCase):
         putfile.save()
 
         result = PutFile.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(putfile, result)
+        assert putfile == result
-        self.assertEqual(result.the_file.read(), text)
+        assert result.the_file.read() == text
-        self.assertEqual(result.the_file.content_type, content_type)
+        assert result.the_file.content_type == content_type
         result.the_file.delete()
 
     def test_file_fields_stream(self):
@@ -111,19 +113,19 @@ class TestFileField(MongoDBTestCase):
         streamfile.save()
 
         result = StreamFile.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(streamfile, result)
+        assert streamfile == result
-        self.assertEqual(result.the_file.read(), text + more_text)
+        assert result.the_file.read() == text + more_text
-        self.assertEqual(result.the_file.content_type, content_type)
+        assert result.the_file.content_type == content_type
         result.the_file.seek(0)
-        self.assertEqual(result.the_file.tell(), 0)
+        assert result.the_file.tell() == 0
-        self.assertEqual(result.the_file.read(len(text)), text)
+        assert result.the_file.read(len(text)) == text
-        self.assertEqual(result.the_file.tell(), len(text))
+        assert result.the_file.tell() == len(text)
-        self.assertEqual(result.the_file.read(len(more_text)), more_text)
+        assert result.the_file.read(len(more_text)) == more_text
-        self.assertEqual(result.the_file.tell(), len(text + more_text))
+        assert result.the_file.tell() == len(text + more_text)
         result.the_file.delete()
 
         # Ensure deleted file returns None
-        self.assertTrue(result.the_file.read() is None)
+        assert result.the_file.read() is None
 
     def test_file_fields_stream_after_none(self):
         """Ensure that a file field can be written to after it has been saved as
@@ -137,7 +139,6 @@ class TestFileField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         text = six.b("Hello, World!")
         more_text = six.b("Foo Bar")
-        content_type = "text/plain"
 
         streamfile = StreamFile()
         streamfile.save()
@@ -148,19 +149,19 @@ class TestFileField(MongoDBTestCase):
         streamfile.save()
 
         result = StreamFile.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(streamfile, result)
+        assert streamfile == result
-        self.assertEqual(result.the_file.read(), text + more_text)
+        assert result.the_file.read() == text + more_text
-        # self.assertEqual(result.the_file.content_type, content_type)
+        # assert result.the_file.content_type == content_type
         result.the_file.seek(0)
-        self.assertEqual(result.the_file.tell(), 0)
+        assert result.the_file.tell() == 0
-        self.assertEqual(result.the_file.read(len(text)), text)
+        assert result.the_file.read(len(text)) == text
-        self.assertEqual(result.the_file.tell(), len(text))
+        assert result.the_file.tell() == len(text)
-        self.assertEqual(result.the_file.read(len(more_text)), more_text)
+        assert result.the_file.read(len(more_text)) == more_text
-        self.assertEqual(result.the_file.tell(), len(text + more_text))
+        assert result.the_file.tell() == len(text + more_text)
         result.the_file.delete()
 
         # Ensure deleted file returns None
-        self.assertTrue(result.the_file.read() is None)
+        assert result.the_file.read() is None
 
     def test_file_fields_set(self):
         class SetFile(Document):
@@ -176,16 +177,16 @@ class TestFileField(MongoDBTestCase):
         setfile.save()
 
         result = SetFile.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(setfile, result)
+        assert setfile == result
-        self.assertEqual(result.the_file.read(), text)
+        assert result.the_file.read() == text
 
         # Try replacing file with new one
         result.the_file.replace(more_text)
         result.save()
 
         result = SetFile.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(setfile, result)
+        assert setfile == result
-        self.assertEqual(result.the_file.read(), more_text)
+        assert result.the_file.read() == more_text
         result.the_file.delete()
 
     def test_file_field_no_default(self):
@@ -205,28 +206,28 @@ class TestFileField(MongoDBTestCase):
             doc_b = GridDocument.objects.with_id(doc_a.id)
             doc_b.the_file.replace(f, filename="doc_b")
             doc_b.save()
-            self.assertNotEqual(doc_b.the_file.grid_id, None)
+            assert doc_b.the_file.grid_id is not None
 
             # Test it matches
             doc_c = GridDocument.objects.with_id(doc_b.id)
-            self.assertEqual(doc_b.the_file.grid_id, doc_c.the_file.grid_id)
+            assert doc_b.the_file.grid_id == doc_c.the_file.grid_id
 
             # Test with default
             doc_d = GridDocument(the_file=six.b(""))
             doc_d.save()
 
             doc_e = GridDocument.objects.with_id(doc_d.id)
-            self.assertEqual(doc_d.the_file.grid_id, doc_e.the_file.grid_id)
+            assert doc_d.the_file.grid_id == doc_e.the_file.grid_id
 
             doc_e.the_file.replace(f, filename="doc_e")
             doc_e.save()
 
             doc_f = GridDocument.objects.with_id(doc_e.id)
-            self.assertEqual(doc_e.the_file.grid_id, doc_f.the_file.grid_id)
+            assert doc_e.the_file.grid_id == doc_f.the_file.grid_id
 
         db = GridDocument._get_db()
         grid_fs = gridfs.GridFS(db)
-        self.assertEqual(["doc_b", "doc_e"], grid_fs.list())
+        assert ["doc_b", "doc_e"] == grid_fs.list()
 
     def test_file_uniqueness(self):
         """Ensure that each instance of a FileField is unique
@@ -246,8 +247,8 @@ class TestFileField(MongoDBTestCase):
         test_file_dupe = TestFile()
         data = test_file_dupe.the_file.read()  # Should be None
 
-        self.assertNotEqual(test_file.name, test_file_dupe.name)
+        assert test_file.name != test_file_dupe.name
-        self.assertNotEqual(test_file.the_file.read(), data)
+        assert test_file.the_file.read() != data
 
         TestFile.drop_collection()
 
@@ -268,8 +269,8 @@ class TestFileField(MongoDBTestCase):
         marmot.save()
 
         marmot = Animal.objects.get()
-        self.assertEqual(marmot.photo.content_type, "image/jpeg")
+        assert marmot.photo.content_type == "image/jpeg"
-        self.assertEqual(marmot.photo.foo, "bar")
+        assert marmot.photo.foo == "bar"
 
     def test_file_reassigning(self):
         class TestFile(Document):
@@ -278,12 +279,12 @@ class TestFileField(MongoDBTestCase):
         TestFile.drop_collection()
 
         test_file = TestFile(the_file=get_file(TEST_IMAGE_PATH)).save()
-        self.assertEqual(test_file.the_file.get().length, 8313)
+        assert test_file.the_file.get().length == 8313
 
         test_file = TestFile.objects.first()
         test_file.the_file = get_file(TEST_IMAGE2_PATH)
         test_file.save()
-        self.assertEqual(test_file.the_file.get().length, 4971)
+        assert test_file.the_file.get().length == 4971
 
     def test_file_boolean(self):
         """Ensure that a boolean test of a FileField indicates its presence
@@ -295,13 +296,13 @@ class TestFileField(MongoDBTestCase):
         TestFile.drop_collection()
 
         test_file = TestFile()
-        self.assertFalse(bool(test_file.the_file))
+        assert not bool(test_file.the_file)
         test_file.the_file.put(six.b("Hello, World!"), content_type="text/plain")
         test_file.save()
-        self.assertTrue(bool(test_file.the_file))
+        assert bool(test_file.the_file)
 
         test_file = TestFile.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(test_file.the_file.content_type, "text/plain")
+        assert test_file.the_file.content_type == "text/plain"
 
     def test_file_cmp(self):
         """Test comparing against other types"""
@@ -310,7 +311,7 @@ class TestFileField(MongoDBTestCase):
             the_file = FileField()
 
         test_file = TestFile()
-        self.assertNotIn(test_file.the_file, [{"test": 1}])
+        assert test_file.the_file not in [{"test": 1}]
 
     def test_file_disk_space(self):
         """ Test disk space usage when we delete/replace a file """
@@ -330,16 +331,16 @@ class TestFileField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         files = db.fs.files.find()
         chunks = db.fs.chunks.find()
-        self.assertEqual(len(list(files)), 1)
+        assert len(list(files)) == 1
-        self.assertEqual(len(list(chunks)), 1)
+        assert len(list(chunks)) == 1
 
         # Deleting the docoument should delete the files
         testfile.delete()
 
         files = db.fs.files.find()
         chunks = db.fs.chunks.find()
-        self.assertEqual(len(list(files)), 0)
+        assert len(list(files)) == 0
-        self.assertEqual(len(list(chunks)), 0)
+        assert len(list(chunks)) == 0
 
         # Test case where we don't store a file in the first place
         testfile = TestFile()
@@ -347,15 +348,15 @@ class TestFileField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         files = db.fs.files.find()
         chunks = db.fs.chunks.find()
-        self.assertEqual(len(list(files)), 0)
+        assert len(list(files)) == 0
-        self.assertEqual(len(list(chunks)), 0)
+        assert len(list(chunks)) == 0
 
         testfile.delete()
 
         files = db.fs.files.find()
         chunks = db.fs.chunks.find()
-        self.assertEqual(len(list(files)), 0)
+        assert len(list(files)) == 0
-        self.assertEqual(len(list(chunks)), 0)
+        assert len(list(chunks)) == 0
 
         # Test case where we overwrite the file
         testfile = TestFile()
@@ -368,20 +369,18 @@ class TestFileField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         files = db.fs.files.find()
         chunks = db.fs.chunks.find()
-        self.assertEqual(len(list(files)), 1)
+        assert len(list(files)) == 1
-        self.assertEqual(len(list(chunks)), 1)
+        assert len(list(chunks)) == 1
 
         testfile.delete()
 
         files = db.fs.files.find()
         chunks = db.fs.chunks.find()
-        self.assertEqual(len(list(files)), 0)
+        assert len(list(files)) == 0
-        self.assertEqual(len(list(chunks)), 0)
+        assert len(list(chunks)) == 0
 
+    @require_pil
     def test_image_field(self):
-        if not HAS_PIL:
-            raise SkipTest("PIL not installed")
-
         class TestImage(Document):
             image = ImageField()
 
@@ -396,9 +395,7 @@ class TestFileField(MongoDBTestCase):
                 t.image.put(f)
                 self.fail("Should have raised an invalidation error")
             except ValidationError as e:
-                self.assertEqual(
+                assert "%s" % e == "Invalid image: cannot identify image file %s" % f
-                    "%s" % e, "Invalid image: cannot identify image file %s" % f
-                )
 
         t = TestImage()
         t.image.put(get_file(TEST_IMAGE_PATH))
@@ -406,35 +403,31 @@ class TestFileField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         t = TestImage.objects.first()
 
-        self.assertEqual(t.image.format, "PNG")
+        assert t.image.format == "PNG"
 
         w, h = t.image.size
-        self.assertEqual(w, 371)
+        assert w == 371
-        self.assertEqual(h, 76)
+        assert h == 76
 
         t.image.delete()
 
+    @require_pil
     def test_image_field_reassigning(self):
-        if not HAS_PIL:
-            raise SkipTest("PIL not installed")
-
         class TestFile(Document):
             the_file = ImageField()
 
         TestFile.drop_collection()
 
         test_file = TestFile(the_file=get_file(TEST_IMAGE_PATH)).save()
-        self.assertEqual(test_file.the_file.size, (371, 76))
+        assert test_file.the_file.size == (371, 76)
 
         test_file = TestFile.objects.first()
         test_file.the_file = get_file(TEST_IMAGE2_PATH)
         test_file.save()
-        self.assertEqual(test_file.the_file.size, (45, 101))
+        assert test_file.the_file.size == (45, 101)
 
+    @require_pil
     def test_image_field_resize(self):
-        if not HAS_PIL:
-            raise SkipTest("PIL not installed")
-
         class TestImage(Document):
             image = ImageField(size=(185, 37))
 
@@ -446,18 +439,16 @@ class TestFileField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         t = TestImage.objects.first()
 
-        self.assertEqual(t.image.format, "PNG")
+        assert t.image.format == "PNG"
         w, h = t.image.size
 
-        self.assertEqual(w, 185)
+        assert w == 185
-        self.assertEqual(h, 37)
+        assert h == 37
 
         t.image.delete()
 
+    @require_pil
     def test_image_field_resize_force(self):
-        if not HAS_PIL:
-            raise SkipTest("PIL not installed")
-
         class TestImage(Document):
             image = ImageField(size=(185, 37, True))
 
@@ -469,18 +460,16 @@ class TestFileField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         t = TestImage.objects.first()
 
-        self.assertEqual(t.image.format, "PNG")
+        assert t.image.format == "PNG"
         w, h = t.image.size
 
-        self.assertEqual(w, 185)
+        assert w == 185
-        self.assertEqual(h, 37)
+        assert h == 37
 
         t.image.delete()
 
+    @require_pil
     def test_image_field_thumbnail(self):
-        if not HAS_PIL:
-            raise SkipTest("PIL not installed")
-
         class TestImage(Document):
             image = ImageField(thumbnail_size=(92, 18))
 
@@ -492,9 +481,9 @@ class TestFileField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         t = TestImage.objects.first()
 
-        self.assertEqual(t.image.thumbnail.format, "PNG")
+        assert t.image.thumbnail.format == "PNG"
-        self.assertEqual(t.image.thumbnail.width, 92)
+        assert t.image.thumbnail.width == 92
-        self.assertEqual(t.image.thumbnail.height, 18)
+        assert t.image.thumbnail.height == 18
 
         t.image.delete()
 
@@ -518,17 +507,17 @@ class TestFileField(MongoDBTestCase):
         test_file.save()
 
         data = get_db("test_files").macumba.files.find_one()
-        self.assertEqual(data.get("name"), "hello.txt")
+        assert data.get("name") == "hello.txt"
 
         test_file = TestFile.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(test_file.the_file.read(), six.b("Hello, World!"))
+        assert test_file.the_file.read() == six.b("Hello, World!")
 
         test_file = TestFile.objects.first()
         test_file.the_file = six.b("HELLO, WORLD!")
         test_file.save()
 
         test_file = TestFile.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(test_file.the_file.read(), six.b("HELLO, WORLD!"))
+        assert test_file.the_file.read() == six.b("HELLO, WORLD!")
 
     def test_copyable(self):
         class PutFile(Document):
@@ -546,14 +535,11 @@ class TestFileField(MongoDBTestCase):
         class TestFile(Document):
             name = StringField()
 
-        self.assertEqual(putfile, copy.copy(putfile))
+        assert putfile == copy.copy(putfile)
-        self.assertEqual(putfile, copy.deepcopy(putfile))
+        assert putfile == copy.deepcopy(putfile)
 
+    @require_pil
     def test_get_image_by_grid_id(self):
-
-        if not HAS_PIL:
-            raise SkipTest("PIL not installed")
-
         class TestImage(Document):
 
             image1 = ImageField()
@@ -569,9 +555,7 @@ class TestFileField(MongoDBTestCase):
         test = TestImage.objects.first()
         grid_id = test.image1.grid_id
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert 1 == TestImage.objects(Q(image1=grid_id) or Q(image2=grid_id)).count()
-            1, TestImage.objects(Q(image1=grid_id) or Q(image2=grid_id)).count()
-        )
 
     def test_complex_field_filefield(self):
         """Ensure you can add meta data to file"""
@@ -593,9 +577,9 @@ class TestFileField(MongoDBTestCase):
         marmot.save()
 
         marmot = Animal.objects.get()
-        self.assertEqual(marmot.photos[0].content_type, "image/jpeg")
+        assert marmot.photos[0].content_type == "image/jpeg"
-        self.assertEqual(marmot.photos[0].foo, "bar")
+        assert marmot.photos[0].foo == "bar"
-        self.assertEqual(marmot.photos[0].get().length, 8313)
+        assert marmot.photos[0].get().length == 8313
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

tests/fields/test_float_field.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import pytest
 import six
 
 from mongoengine import *
@@ -16,8 +17,8 @@ class TestFloatField(MongoDBTestCase):
         TestDocument(float_fld=None).save()
         TestDocument(float_fld=1).save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(1, TestDocument.objects(float_fld__ne=None).count())
+        assert 1 == TestDocument.objects(float_fld__ne=None).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, TestDocument.objects(float_fld__ne=1).count())
+        assert 1 == TestDocument.objects(float_fld__ne=1).count()
 
     def test_validation(self):
         """Ensure that invalid values cannot be assigned to float fields.
@@ -34,16 +35,20 @@ class TestFloatField(MongoDBTestCase):
         person.validate()
 
         person.height = "2.0"
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            person.validate()
 
         person.height = 0.01
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            person.validate()
 
         person.height = 4.0
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            person.validate()
 
         person_2 = Person(height="something invalid")
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person_2.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            person_2.validate()
 
         big_person = BigPerson()
 
@@ -55,4 +60,5 @@ class TestFloatField(MongoDBTestCase):
         big_person.validate()
 
         big_person.height = 2 ** 100000  # Too big for a float value
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, big_person.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            big_person.validate()

tests/fields/test_geo_fields.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class TestGeoField(MongoDBTestCase):
             Cls(loc=loc).validate()
             self.fail("Should not validate the location {0}".format(loc))
         except ValidationError as e:
-            self.assertEqual(expected, e.to_dict()["loc"])
+            assert expected == e.to_dict()["loc"]
 
     def test_geopoint_validation(self):
         class Location(Document):
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ class TestGeoField(MongoDBTestCase):
             location = GeoPointField()
 
         geo_indicies = Event._geo_indices()
-        self.assertEqual(geo_indicies, [{"fields": [("location", "2d")]}])
+        assert geo_indicies == [{"fields": [("location", "2d")]}]
 
     def test_geopoint_embedded_indexes(self):
         """Ensure that indexes are created automatically for GeoPointFields on
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ class TestGeoField(MongoDBTestCase):
             venue = EmbeddedDocumentField(Venue)
 
         geo_indicies = Event._geo_indices()
-        self.assertEqual(geo_indicies, [{"fields": [("venue.location", "2d")]}])
+        assert geo_indicies == [{"fields": [("venue.location", "2d")]}]
 
     def test_indexes_2dsphere(self):
         """Ensure that indexes are created automatically for GeoPointFields.
@@ -328,9 +328,9 @@ class TestGeoField(MongoDBTestCase):
             polygon = PolygonField()
 
         geo_indicies = Event._geo_indices()
-        self.assertIn({"fields": [("line", "2dsphere")]}, geo_indicies)
+        assert {"fields": [("line", "2dsphere")]} in geo_indicies
-        self.assertIn({"fields": [("polygon", "2dsphere")]}, geo_indicies)
+        assert {"fields": [("polygon", "2dsphere")]} in geo_indicies
-        self.assertIn({"fields": [("point", "2dsphere")]}, geo_indicies)
+        assert {"fields": [("point", "2dsphere")]} in geo_indicies
 
     def test_indexes_2dsphere_embedded(self):
         """Ensure that indexes are created automatically for GeoPointFields.
@@ -347,9 +347,9 @@ class TestGeoField(MongoDBTestCase):
             venue = EmbeddedDocumentField(Venue)
 
         geo_indicies = Event._geo_indices()
-        self.assertIn({"fields": [("venue.line", "2dsphere")]}, geo_indicies)
+        assert {"fields": [("venue.line", "2dsphere")]} in geo_indicies
-        self.assertIn({"fields": [("venue.polygon", "2dsphere")]}, geo_indicies)
+        assert {"fields": [("venue.polygon", "2dsphere")]} in geo_indicies
-        self.assertIn({"fields": [("venue.point", "2dsphere")]}, geo_indicies)
+        assert {"fields": [("venue.point", "2dsphere")]} in geo_indicies
 
     def test_geo_indexes_recursion(self):
         class Location(Document):
@@ -365,12 +365,12 @@ class TestGeoField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         Parent(name="Berlin").save()
         info = Parent._get_collection().index_information()
-        self.assertNotIn("location_2d", info)
+        assert "location_2d" not in info
         info = Location._get_collection().index_information()
-        self.assertIn("location_2d", info)
+        assert "location_2d" in info
 
-        self.assertEqual(len(Parent._geo_indices()), 0)
+        assert len(Parent._geo_indices()) == 0
-        self.assertEqual(len(Location._geo_indices()), 1)
+        assert len(Location._geo_indices()) == 1
 
     def test_geo_indexes_auto_index(self):
 
@@ -381,16 +381,16 @@ class TestGeoField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
             meta = {"indexes": [[("location", "2dsphere"), ("datetime", 1)]]}
 
-        self.assertEqual([], Log._geo_indices())
+        assert [] == Log._geo_indices()
 
         Log.drop_collection()
         Log.ensure_indexes()
 
         info = Log._get_collection().index_information()
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert info["location_2dsphere_datetime_1"]["key"] == [
-            info["location_2dsphere_datetime_1"]["key"],
+            ("location", "2dsphere"),
-            [("location", "2dsphere"), ("datetime", 1)],
+            ("datetime", 1),
-        )
+        ]
 
         # Test listing explicitly
         class Log(Document):
@@ -401,16 +401,16 @@ class TestGeoField(MongoDBTestCase):
                 "indexes": [{"fields": [("location", "2dsphere"), ("datetime", 1)]}]
             }
 
-        self.assertEqual([], Log._geo_indices())
+        assert [] == Log._geo_indices()
 
         Log.drop_collection()
         Log.ensure_indexes()
 
         info = Log._get_collection().index_information()
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert info["location_2dsphere_datetime_1"]["key"] == [
-            info["location_2dsphere_datetime_1"]["key"],
+            ("location", "2dsphere"),
-            [("location", "2dsphere"), ("datetime", 1)],
+            ("datetime", 1),
-        )
+        ]
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

tests/fields/test_int_field.py

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import pytest
+
 from mongoengine import *
 
 from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
@@ -23,11 +25,14 @@ class TestIntField(MongoDBTestCase):
         person.validate()
 
         person.age = -1
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            person.validate()
         person.age = 120
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            person.validate()
         person.age = "ten"
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            person.validate()
 
     def test_ne_operator(self):
         class TestDocument(Document):
@@ -38,5 +43,5 @@ class TestIntField(MongoDBTestCase):
         TestDocument(int_fld=None).save()
         TestDocument(int_fld=1).save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(1, TestDocument.objects(int_fld__ne=None).count())
+        assert 1 == TestDocument.objects(int_fld__ne=None).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, TestDocument.objects(int_fld__ne=1).count())
+        assert 1 == TestDocument.objects(int_fld__ne=1).count()

tests/fields/test_lazy_reference_field.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 from bson import DBRef, ObjectId
+import pytest
 
 from mongoengine import *
 from mongoengine.base import LazyReference
@@ -11,7 +12,8 @@ class TestLazyReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
     def test_lazy_reference_config(self):
         # Make sure ReferenceField only accepts a document class or a string
         # with a document class name.
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, LazyReferenceField, EmbeddedDocument)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            LazyReferenceField(EmbeddedDocument)
 
     def test___repr__(self):
         class Animal(Document):
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ class TestLazyReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         animal = Animal()
         oc = Ocurrence(animal=animal)
-        self.assertIn("LazyReference", repr(oc.animal))
+        assert "LazyReference" in repr(oc.animal)
 
     def test___getattr___unknown_attr_raises_attribute_error(self):
         class Animal(Document):
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ class TestLazyReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         animal = Animal().save()
         oc = Ocurrence(animal=animal)
-        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+        with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
             oc.animal.not_exist
 
     def test_lazy_reference_simple(self):
@@ -57,19 +59,19 @@ class TestLazyReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         animal = Animal(name="Leopard", tag="heavy").save()
         Ocurrence(person="test", animal=animal).save()
         p = Ocurrence.objects.get()
-        self.assertIsInstance(p.animal, LazyReference)
+        assert isinstance(p.animal, LazyReference)
         fetched_animal = p.animal.fetch()
-        self.assertEqual(fetched_animal, animal)
+        assert fetched_animal == animal
         # `fetch` keep cache on referenced document by default...
         animal.tag = "not so heavy"
         animal.save()
         double_fetch = p.animal.fetch()
-        self.assertIs(fetched_animal, double_fetch)
+        assert fetched_animal is double_fetch
-        self.assertEqual(double_fetch.tag, "heavy")
+        assert double_fetch.tag == "heavy"
         # ...unless specified otherwise
         fetch_force = p.animal.fetch(force=True)
-        self.assertIsNot(fetch_force, fetched_animal)
+        assert fetch_force is not fetched_animal
-        self.assertEqual(fetch_force.tag, "not so heavy")
+        assert fetch_force.tag == "not so heavy"
 
     def test_lazy_reference_fetch_invalid_ref(self):
         class Animal(Document):
@@ -87,8 +89,8 @@ class TestLazyReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         Ocurrence(person="test", animal=animal).save()
         animal.delete()
         p = Ocurrence.objects.get()
-        self.assertIsInstance(p.animal, LazyReference)
+        assert isinstance(p.animal, LazyReference)
-        with self.assertRaises(DoesNotExist):
+        with pytest.raises(DoesNotExist):
             p.animal.fetch()
 
     def test_lazy_reference_set(self):
@@ -122,7 +124,7 @@ class TestLazyReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         ):
             p = Ocurrence(person="test", animal=ref).save()
             p.reload()
-            self.assertIsInstance(p.animal, LazyReference)
+            assert isinstance(p.animal, LazyReference)
             p.animal.fetch()
 
     def test_lazy_reference_bad_set(self):
@@ -149,7 +151,7 @@ class TestLazyReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
             DBRef(baddoc._get_collection_name(), animal.pk),
             LazyReference(BadDoc, animal.pk),
         ):
-            with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
+            with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
                 p = Ocurrence(person="test", animal=bad).save()
 
     def test_lazy_reference_query_conversion(self):
@@ -179,14 +181,14 @@ class TestLazyReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         post2.save()
 
         post = BlogPost.objects(author=m1).first()
-        self.assertEqual(post.id, post1.id)
+        assert post.id == post1.id
 
         post = BlogPost.objects(author=m2).first()
-        self.assertEqual(post.id, post2.id)
+        assert post.id == post2.id
 
         # Same thing by passing a LazyReference instance
         post = BlogPost.objects(author=LazyReference(Member, m2.pk)).first()
-        self.assertEqual(post.id, post2.id)
+        assert post.id == post2.id
 
     def test_lazy_reference_query_conversion_dbref(self):
         """Ensure that LazyReferenceFields can be queried using objects and values
@@ -215,14 +217,14 @@ class TestLazyReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         post2.save()
 
         post = BlogPost.objects(author=m1).first()
-        self.assertEqual(post.id, post1.id)
+        assert post.id == post1.id
 
         post = BlogPost.objects(author=m2).first()
-        self.assertEqual(post.id, post2.id)
+        assert post.id == post2.id
 
         # Same thing by passing a LazyReference instance
         post = BlogPost.objects(author=LazyReference(Member, m2.pk)).first()
-        self.assertEqual(post.id, post2.id)
+        assert post.id == post2.id
 
     def test_lazy_reference_passthrough(self):
         class Animal(Document):
@@ -239,20 +241,20 @@ class TestLazyReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         animal = Animal(name="Leopard", tag="heavy").save()
         Ocurrence(animal=animal, animal_passthrough=animal).save()
         p = Ocurrence.objects.get()
-        self.assertIsInstance(p.animal, LazyReference)
+        assert isinstance(p.animal, LazyReference)
-        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+        with pytest.raises(KeyError):
             p.animal["name"]
-        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+        with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
             p.animal.name
-        self.assertEqual(p.animal.pk, animal.pk)
+        assert p.animal.pk == animal.pk
 
-        self.assertEqual(p.animal_passthrough.name, "Leopard")
+        assert p.animal_passthrough.name == "Leopard"
-        self.assertEqual(p.animal_passthrough["name"], "Leopard")
+        assert p.animal_passthrough["name"] == "Leopard"
 
         # Should not be able to access referenced document's methods
-        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+        with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
             p.animal.save
-        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+        with pytest.raises(KeyError):
             p.animal["save"]
 
     def test_lazy_reference_not_set(self):
@@ -269,7 +271,7 @@ class TestLazyReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         Ocurrence(person="foo").save()
         p = Ocurrence.objects.get()
-        self.assertIs(p.animal, None)
+        assert p.animal is None
 
     def test_lazy_reference_equality(self):
         class Animal(Document):
@@ -280,12 +282,12 @@ class TestLazyReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         animal = Animal(name="Leopard", tag="heavy").save()
         animalref = LazyReference(Animal, animal.pk)
-        self.assertEqual(animal, animalref)
+        assert animal == animalref
-        self.assertEqual(animalref, animal)
+        assert animalref == animal
 
         other_animalref = LazyReference(Animal, ObjectId("54495ad94c934721ede76f90"))
-        self.assertNotEqual(animal, other_animalref)
+        assert animal != other_animalref
-        self.assertNotEqual(other_animalref, animal)
+        assert other_animalref != animal
 
     def test_lazy_reference_embedded(self):
         class Animal(Document):
@@ -308,12 +310,12 @@ class TestLazyReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         animal2 = Animal(name="cheeta").save()
 
         def check_fields_type(occ):
-            self.assertIsInstance(occ.direct, LazyReference)
+            assert isinstance(occ.direct, LazyReference)
             for elem in occ.in_list:
-                self.assertIsInstance(elem, LazyReference)
+                assert isinstance(elem, LazyReference)
-            self.assertIsInstance(occ.in_embedded.direct, LazyReference)
+            assert isinstance(occ.in_embedded.direct, LazyReference)
             for elem in occ.in_embedded.in_list:
-                self.assertIsInstance(elem, LazyReference)
+                assert isinstance(elem, LazyReference)
 
         occ = Ocurrence(
             in_list=[animal1, animal2],
@@ -346,19 +348,19 @@ class TestGenericLazyReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         animal = Animal(name="Leopard", tag="heavy").save()
         Ocurrence(person="test", animal=animal).save()
         p = Ocurrence.objects.get()
-        self.assertIsInstance(p.animal, LazyReference)
+        assert isinstance(p.animal, LazyReference)
         fetched_animal = p.animal.fetch()
-        self.assertEqual(fetched_animal, animal)
+        assert fetched_animal == animal
         # `fetch` keep cache on referenced document by default...
         animal.tag = "not so heavy"
         animal.save()
         double_fetch = p.animal.fetch()
-        self.assertIs(fetched_animal, double_fetch)
+        assert fetched_animal is double_fetch
-        self.assertEqual(double_fetch.tag, "heavy")
+        assert double_fetch.tag == "heavy"
         # ...unless specified otherwise
         fetch_force = p.animal.fetch(force=True)
-        self.assertIsNot(fetch_force, fetched_animal)
+        assert fetch_force is not fetched_animal
-        self.assertEqual(fetch_force.tag, "not so heavy")
+        assert fetch_force.tag == "not so heavy"
 
     def test_generic_lazy_reference_choices(self):
         class Animal(Document):
@@ -385,13 +387,13 @@ class TestGenericLazyReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         occ_animal = Ocurrence(living_thing=animal, thing=animal).save()
         occ_vegetal = Ocurrence(living_thing=vegetal, thing=vegetal).save()
-        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
             Ocurrence(living_thing=mineral).save()
 
         occ = Ocurrence.objects.get(living_thing=animal)
-        self.assertEqual(occ, occ_animal)
+        assert occ == occ_animal
-        self.assertIsInstance(occ.thing, LazyReference)
+        assert isinstance(occ.thing, LazyReference)
-        self.assertIsInstance(occ.living_thing, LazyReference)
+        assert isinstance(occ.living_thing, LazyReference)
 
         occ.thing = vegetal
         occ.living_thing = vegetal
@@ -399,7 +401,7 @@ class TestGenericLazyReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         occ.thing = mineral
         occ.living_thing = mineral
-        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
             occ.save()
 
     def test_generic_lazy_reference_set(self):
@@ -434,7 +436,7 @@ class TestGenericLazyReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         ):
             p = Ocurrence(person="test", animal=ref).save()
             p.reload()
-            self.assertIsInstance(p.animal, (LazyReference, Document))
+            assert isinstance(p.animal, (LazyReference, Document))
             p.animal.fetch()
 
     def test_generic_lazy_reference_bad_set(self):
@@ -455,7 +457,7 @@ class TestGenericLazyReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         animal = Animal(name="Leopard", tag="heavy").save()
         baddoc = BadDoc().save()
         for bad in (42, "foo", baddoc, LazyReference(BadDoc, animal.pk)):
-            with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
+            with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
                 p = Ocurrence(person="test", animal=bad).save()
 
     def test_generic_lazy_reference_query_conversion(self):
@@ -481,14 +483,14 @@ class TestGenericLazyReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         post2.save()
 
         post = BlogPost.objects(author=m1).first()
-        self.assertEqual(post.id, post1.id)
+        assert post.id == post1.id
 
         post = BlogPost.objects(author=m2).first()
-        self.assertEqual(post.id, post2.id)
+        assert post.id == post2.id
 
         # Same thing by passing a LazyReference instance
         post = BlogPost.objects(author=LazyReference(Member, m2.pk)).first()
-        self.assertEqual(post.id, post2.id)
+        assert post.id == post2.id
 
     def test_generic_lazy_reference_not_set(self):
         class Animal(Document):
@@ -504,7 +506,7 @@ class TestGenericLazyReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         Ocurrence(person="foo").save()
         p = Ocurrence.objects.get()
-        self.assertIs(p.animal, None)
+        assert p.animal is None
 
     def test_generic_lazy_reference_accepts_string_instead_of_class(self):
         class Animal(Document):
@@ -521,7 +523,7 @@ class TestGenericLazyReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         animal = Animal().save()
         Ocurrence(animal=animal).save()
         p = Ocurrence.objects.get()
-        self.assertEqual(p.animal, animal)
+        assert p.animal == animal
 
     def test_generic_lazy_reference_embedded(self):
         class Animal(Document):
@@ -544,12 +546,12 @@ class TestGenericLazyReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         animal2 = Animal(name="cheeta").save()
 
         def check_fields_type(occ):
-            self.assertIsInstance(occ.direct, LazyReference)
+            assert isinstance(occ.direct, LazyReference)
             for elem in occ.in_list:
-                self.assertIsInstance(elem, LazyReference)
+                assert isinstance(elem, LazyReference)
-            self.assertIsInstance(occ.in_embedded.direct, LazyReference)
+            assert isinstance(occ.in_embedded.direct, LazyReference)
             for elem in occ.in_embedded.in_list:
-                self.assertIsInstance(elem, LazyReference)
+                assert isinstance(elem, LazyReference)
 
         occ = Ocurrence(
             in_list=[animal1, animal2],

tests/fields/test_long_field.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import pytest
 import six
 
 try:
@@ -24,10 +25,10 @@ class TestLongField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         doc = TestLongFieldConsideredAsInt64(some_long=42).save()
         db = get_db()
-        self.assertIsInstance(
+        assert isinstance(
             db.test_long_field_considered_as_int64.find()[0]["some_long"], Int64
         )
-        self.assertIsInstance(doc.some_long, six.integer_types)
+        assert isinstance(doc.some_long, six.integer_types)
 
     def test_long_validation(self):
         """Ensure that invalid values cannot be assigned to long fields.
@@ -41,11 +42,14 @@ class TestLongField(MongoDBTestCase):
         doc.validate()
 
         doc.value = -1
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, doc.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            doc.validate()
         doc.value = 120
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, doc.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            doc.validate()
         doc.value = "ten"
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, doc.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            doc.validate()
 
     def test_long_ne_operator(self):
         class TestDocument(Document):
@@ -56,4 +60,4 @@ class TestLongField(MongoDBTestCase):
         TestDocument(long_fld=None).save()
         TestDocument(long_fld=1).save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(1, TestDocument.objects(long_fld__ne=None).count())
+        assert 1 == TestDocument.objects(long_fld__ne=None).count()

tests/fields/test_map_field.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import datetime
 
-from mongoengine import *
+import pytest
 
+from mongoengine import *
 from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
 
 
@@ -19,11 +20,11 @@ class TestMapField(MongoDBTestCase):
         e.mapping["someint"] = 1
         e.save()
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
             e.mapping["somestring"] = "abc"
             e.save()
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
 
             class NoDeclaredType(Document):
                 mapping = MapField()
@@ -51,10 +52,10 @@ class TestMapField(MongoDBTestCase):
         e.save()
 
         e2 = Extensible.objects.get(id=e.id)
-        self.assertIsInstance(e2.mapping["somestring"], StringSetting)
+        assert isinstance(e2.mapping["somestring"], StringSetting)
-        self.assertIsInstance(e2.mapping["someint"], IntegerSetting)
+        assert isinstance(e2.mapping["someint"], IntegerSetting)
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
             e.mapping["someint"] = 123
             e.save()
 
@@ -74,9 +75,9 @@ class TestMapField(MongoDBTestCase):
         Test.objects.update_one(inc__my_map__DICTIONARY_KEY__number=1)
 
         test = Test.objects.get()
-        self.assertEqual(test.my_map["DICTIONARY_KEY"].number, 2)
+        assert test.my_map["DICTIONARY_KEY"].number == 2
         doc = self.db.test.find_one()
-        self.assertEqual(doc["x"]["DICTIONARY_KEY"]["i"], 2)
+        assert doc["x"]["DICTIONARY_KEY"]["i"] == 2
 
     def test_mapfield_numerical_index(self):
         """Ensure that MapField accept numeric strings as indexes."""
@@ -116,13 +117,13 @@ class TestMapField(MongoDBTestCase):
             actions={"friends": Action(operation="drink", object="beer")},
         ).save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(1, Log.objects(visited__friends__exists=True).count())
+        assert 1 == Log.objects(visited__friends__exists=True).count()
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert (
-            1,
+            1
-            Log.objects(
+            == Log.objects(
                 actions__friends__operation="drink", actions__friends__object="beer"
-            ).count(),
+            ).count()
         )
 
     def test_map_field_unicode(self):
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ class TestMapField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         tree.save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert (
-            BlogPost.objects.get(id=tree.id).info_dict[u"éééé"].description,
+            BlogPost.objects.get(id=tree.id).info_dict[u"éééé"].description
-            u"VALUE: éééé",
+            == u"VALUE: éééé"
         )

tests/fields/test_reference_field.py

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from bson import SON, DBRef
+from bson import DBRef, SON
+import pytest
 
 from mongoengine import *
-
 from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
 
 
@@ -24,19 +24,22 @@ class TestReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         # Make sure ReferenceField only accepts a document class or a string
         # with a document class name.
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, ReferenceField, EmbeddedDocument)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            ReferenceField(EmbeddedDocument)
 
         user = User(name="Test User")
 
         # Ensure that the referenced object must have been saved
         post1 = BlogPost(content="Chips and gravy taste good.")
         post1.author = user
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, post1.save)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            post1.save()
 
         # Check that an invalid object type cannot be used
         post2 = BlogPost(content="Chips and chilli taste good.")
         post1.author = post2
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, post1.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            post1.validate()
 
         # Ensure ObjectID's are accepted as references
         user_object_id = user.pk
@@ -52,22 +55,8 @@ class TestReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         # Make sure referencing a saved document of the *wrong* type fails
         post2.save()
         post1.author = post2
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, post1.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
-
+            post1.validate()
-    def test_objectid_reference_fields(self):
-        """Make sure storing Object ID references works."""
-
-        class Person(Document):
-            name = StringField()
-            parent = ReferenceField("self")
-
-        Person.drop_collection()
-
-        p1 = Person(name="John").save()
-        Person(name="Ross", parent=p1.pk).save()
-
-        p = Person.objects.get(name="Ross")
-        self.assertEqual(p.parent, p1)
 
     def test_dbref_reference_fields(self):
         """Make sure storing references as bson.dbref.DBRef works."""
@@ -81,13 +70,12 @@ class TestReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         p1 = Person(name="John").save()
         Person(name="Ross", parent=p1).save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert Person._get_collection().find_one({"name": "Ross"})["parent"] == DBRef(
-            Person._get_collection().find_one({"name": "Ross"})["parent"],
+            "person", p1.pk
-            DBRef("person", p1.pk),
         )
 
         p = Person.objects.get(name="Ross")
-        self.assertEqual(p.parent, p1)
+        assert p.parent == p1
 
     def test_dbref_to_mongo(self):
         """Make sure that calling to_mongo on a ReferenceField which
@@ -100,9 +88,7 @@ class TestReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
             parent = ReferenceField("self", dbref=False)
 
         p = Person(name="Steve", parent=DBRef("person", "abcdefghijklmnop"))
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert p.to_mongo() == SON([("name", u"Steve"), ("parent", "abcdefghijklmnop")])
-            p.to_mongo(), SON([("name", u"Steve"), ("parent", "abcdefghijklmnop")])
-        )
 
     def test_objectid_reference_fields(self):
         class Person(Document):
@@ -116,10 +102,10 @@ class TestReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         col = Person._get_collection()
         data = col.find_one({"name": "Ross"})
-        self.assertEqual(data["parent"], p1.pk)
+        assert data["parent"] == p1.pk
 
         p = Person.objects.get(name="Ross")
-        self.assertEqual(p.parent, p1)
+        assert p.parent == p1
 
     def test_undefined_reference(self):
         """Ensure that ReferenceFields may reference undefined Documents.
@@ -144,14 +130,14 @@ class TestReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         me.save()
 
         obj = Product.objects(company=ten_gen).first()
-        self.assertEqual(obj, mongodb)
+        assert obj == mongodb
-        self.assertEqual(obj.company, ten_gen)
+        assert obj.company == ten_gen
 
         obj = Product.objects(company=None).first()
-        self.assertEqual(obj, me)
+        assert obj == me
 
         obj = Product.objects.get(company=None)
-        self.assertEqual(obj, me)
+        assert obj == me
 
     def test_reference_query_conversion(self):
         """Ensure that ReferenceFields can be queried using objects and values
@@ -180,10 +166,10 @@ class TestReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         post2.save()
 
         post = BlogPost.objects(author=m1).first()
-        self.assertEqual(post.id, post1.id)
+        assert post.id == post1.id
 
         post = BlogPost.objects(author=m2).first()
-        self.assertEqual(post.id, post2.id)
+        assert post.id == post2.id
 
     def test_reference_query_conversion_dbref(self):
         """Ensure that ReferenceFields can be queried using objects and values
@@ -212,7 +198,7 @@ class TestReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         post2.save()
 
         post = BlogPost.objects(author=m1).first()
-        self.assertEqual(post.id, post1.id)
+        assert post.id == post1.id
 
         post = BlogPost.objects(author=m2).first()
-        self.assertEqual(post.id, post2.id)
+        assert post.id == post2.id

tests/fields/test_sequence_field.py

@@ -18,17 +18,17 @@ class TestSequenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
             Person(name="Person %s" % x).save()
 
         c = self.db["mongoengine.counters"].find_one({"_id": "person.id"})
-        self.assertEqual(c["next"], 10)
+        assert c["next"] == 10
 
         ids = [i.id for i in Person.objects]
-        self.assertEqual(ids, range(1, 11))
+        assert ids == range(1, 11)
 
         c = self.db["mongoengine.counters"].find_one({"_id": "person.id"})
-        self.assertEqual(c["next"], 10)
+        assert c["next"] == 10
 
         Person.id.set_next_value(1000)
         c = self.db["mongoengine.counters"].find_one({"_id": "person.id"})
-        self.assertEqual(c["next"], 1000)
+        assert c["next"] == 1000
 
     def test_sequence_field_get_next_value(self):
         class Person(Document):
@@ -41,10 +41,10 @@ class TestSequenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         for x in range(10):
             Person(name="Person %s" % x).save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(Person.id.get_next_value(), 11)
+        assert Person.id.get_next_value() == 11
         self.db["mongoengine.counters"].drop()
 
-        self.assertEqual(Person.id.get_next_value(), 1)
+        assert Person.id.get_next_value() == 1
 
         class Person(Document):
             id = SequenceField(primary_key=True, value_decorator=str)
@@ -56,10 +56,10 @@ class TestSequenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         for x in range(10):
             Person(name="Person %s" % x).save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(Person.id.get_next_value(), "11")
+        assert Person.id.get_next_value() == "11"
         self.db["mongoengine.counters"].drop()
 
-        self.assertEqual(Person.id.get_next_value(), "1")
+        assert Person.id.get_next_value() == "1"
 
     def test_sequence_field_sequence_name(self):
         class Person(Document):
@@ -73,17 +73,17 @@ class TestSequenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
             Person(name="Person %s" % x).save()
 
         c = self.db["mongoengine.counters"].find_one({"_id": "jelly.id"})
-        self.assertEqual(c["next"], 10)
+        assert c["next"] == 10
 
         ids = [i.id for i in Person.objects]
-        self.assertEqual(ids, range(1, 11))
+        assert ids == range(1, 11)
 
         c = self.db["mongoengine.counters"].find_one({"_id": "jelly.id"})
-        self.assertEqual(c["next"], 10)
+        assert c["next"] == 10
 
         Person.id.set_next_value(1000)
         c = self.db["mongoengine.counters"].find_one({"_id": "jelly.id"})
-        self.assertEqual(c["next"], 1000)
+        assert c["next"] == 1000
 
     def test_multiple_sequence_fields(self):
         class Person(Document):
@@ -98,24 +98,24 @@ class TestSequenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
             Person(name="Person %s" % x).save()
 
         c = self.db["mongoengine.counters"].find_one({"_id": "person.id"})
-        self.assertEqual(c["next"], 10)
+        assert c["next"] == 10
 
         ids = [i.id for i in Person.objects]
-        self.assertEqual(ids, range(1, 11))
+        assert ids == range(1, 11)
 
         counters = [i.counter for i in Person.objects]
-        self.assertEqual(counters, range(1, 11))
+        assert counters == range(1, 11)
 
         c = self.db["mongoengine.counters"].find_one({"_id": "person.id"})
-        self.assertEqual(c["next"], 10)
+        assert c["next"] == 10
 
         Person.id.set_next_value(1000)
         c = self.db["mongoengine.counters"].find_one({"_id": "person.id"})
-        self.assertEqual(c["next"], 1000)
+        assert c["next"] == 1000
 
         Person.counter.set_next_value(999)
         c = self.db["mongoengine.counters"].find_one({"_id": "person.counter"})
-        self.assertEqual(c["next"], 999)
+        assert c["next"] == 999
 
     def test_sequence_fields_reload(self):
         class Animal(Document):
@@ -127,20 +127,20 @@ class TestSequenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         a = Animal(name="Boi").save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(a.counter, 1)
+        assert a.counter == 1
         a.reload()
-        self.assertEqual(a.counter, 1)
+        assert a.counter == 1
 
         a.counter = None
-        self.assertEqual(a.counter, 2)
+        assert a.counter == 2
         a.save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(a.counter, 2)
+        assert a.counter == 2
 
         a = Animal.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(a.counter, 2)
+        assert a.counter == 2
         a.reload()
-        self.assertEqual(a.counter, 2)
+        assert a.counter == 2
 
     def test_multiple_sequence_fields_on_docs(self):
         class Animal(Document):
@@ -160,22 +160,22 @@ class TestSequenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
             Person(name="Person %s" % x).save()
 
         c = self.db["mongoengine.counters"].find_one({"_id": "person.id"})
-        self.assertEqual(c["next"], 10)
+        assert c["next"] == 10
 
         c = self.db["mongoengine.counters"].find_one({"_id": "animal.id"})
-        self.assertEqual(c["next"], 10)
+        assert c["next"] == 10
 
         ids = [i.id for i in Person.objects]
-        self.assertEqual(ids, range(1, 11))
+        assert ids == range(1, 11)
 
         id = [i.id for i in Animal.objects]
-        self.assertEqual(id, range(1, 11))
+        assert id == range(1, 11)
 
         c = self.db["mongoengine.counters"].find_one({"_id": "person.id"})
-        self.assertEqual(c["next"], 10)
+        assert c["next"] == 10
 
         c = self.db["mongoengine.counters"].find_one({"_id": "animal.id"})
-        self.assertEqual(c["next"], 10)
+        assert c["next"] == 10
 
     def test_sequence_field_value_decorator(self):
         class Person(Document):
@@ -190,13 +190,13 @@ class TestSequenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
             p.save()
 
         c = self.db["mongoengine.counters"].find_one({"_id": "person.id"})
-        self.assertEqual(c["next"], 10)
+        assert c["next"] == 10
 
         ids = [i.id for i in Person.objects]
-        self.assertEqual(ids, map(str, range(1, 11)))
+        assert ids == map(str, range(1, 11))
 
         c = self.db["mongoengine.counters"].find_one({"_id": "person.id"})
-        self.assertEqual(c["next"], 10)
+        assert c["next"] == 10
 
     def test_embedded_sequence_field(self):
         class Comment(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -218,10 +218,10 @@ class TestSequenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
             ],
         ).save()
         c = self.db["mongoengine.counters"].find_one({"_id": "comment.id"})
-        self.assertEqual(c["next"], 2)
+        assert c["next"] == 2
         post = Post.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(1, post.comments[0].id)
+        assert 1 == post.comments[0].id
-        self.assertEqual(2, post.comments[1].id)
+        assert 2 == post.comments[1].id
 
     def test_inherited_sequencefield(self):
         class Base(Document):
@@ -241,16 +241,14 @@ class TestSequenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         foo = Foo(name="Foo")
         foo.save()
 
-        self.assertTrue(
+        assert "base.counter" in self.db["mongoengine.counters"].find().distinct("_id")
-            "base.counter" in self.db["mongoengine.counters"].find().distinct("_id")
+        assert not (
-        )
-        self.assertFalse(
             ("foo.counter" or "bar.counter")
             in self.db["mongoengine.counters"].find().distinct("_id")
         )
-        self.assertNotEqual(foo.counter, bar.counter)
+        assert foo.counter != bar.counter
-        self.assertEqual(foo._fields["counter"].owner_document, Base)
+        assert foo._fields["counter"].owner_document == Base
-        self.assertEqual(bar._fields["counter"].owner_document, Base)
+        assert bar._fields["counter"].owner_document == Base
 
     def test_no_inherited_sequencefield(self):
         class Base(Document):
@@ -269,13 +267,12 @@ class TestSequenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
         foo = Foo(name="Foo")
         foo.save()
 
-        self.assertFalse(
+        assert not (
             "base.counter" in self.db["mongoengine.counters"].find().distinct("_id")
         )
-        self.assertTrue(
+        assert ("foo.counter" and "bar.counter") in self.db[
-            ("foo.counter" and "bar.counter")
+            "mongoengine.counters"
-            in self.db["mongoengine.counters"].find().distinct("_id")
+        ].find().distinct("_id")
-        )
+        assert foo.counter == bar.counter
-        self.assertEqual(foo.counter, bar.counter)
+        assert foo._fields["counter"].owner_document == Foo
-        self.assertEqual(foo._fields["counter"].owner_document, Foo)
+        assert bar._fields["counter"].owner_document == Bar
-        self.assertEqual(bar._fields["counter"].owner_document, Bar)

tests/fields/test_url_field.py

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import pytest
+
 from mongoengine import *
 
 from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
@@ -13,7 +15,8 @@ class TestURLField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         link = Link()
         link.url = "google"
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, link.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            link.validate()
 
         link.url = "http://www.google.com:8080"
         link.validate()
@@ -29,11 +32,11 @@ class TestURLField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         # TODO fix URL validation - this *IS* a valid URL
         # For now we just want to make sure that the error message is correct
-        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError) as ctx_err:
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError) as exc_info:
             link.validate()
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert (
-            unicode(ctx_err.exception),
+            unicode(exc_info.value)
-            u"ValidationError (Link:None) (Invalid URL: http://\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442.com: ['url'])",
+            == u"ValidationError (Link:None) (Invalid URL: http://\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442.com: ['url'])"
         )
 
     def test_url_scheme_validation(self):
@@ -48,7 +51,8 @@ class TestURLField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         link = Link()
         link.url = "ws://google.com"
-        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, link.validate)
+        with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+            link.validate()
 
         scheme_link = SchemeLink()
         scheme_link.url = "ws://google.com"

tests/fields/test_uuid_field.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import uuid
 
-from mongoengine import *
+import pytest
 
+from mongoengine import *
 from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase, get_as_pymongo
 
 
@@ -14,9 +15,7 @@ class TestUUIDField(MongoDBTestCase):
     def test_storage(self):
         uid = uuid.uuid4()
         person = Person(api_key=uid).save()
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert get_as_pymongo(person) == {"_id": person.id, "api_key": str(uid)}
-            get_as_pymongo(person), {"_id": person.id, "api_key": str(uid)}
-        )
 
     def test_field_string(self):
         """Test UUID fields storing as String
@@ -25,8 +24,8 @@ class TestUUIDField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         uu = uuid.uuid4()
         Person(api_key=uu).save()
-        self.assertEqual(1, Person.objects(api_key=uu).count())
+        assert 1 == Person.objects(api_key=uu).count()
-        self.assertEqual(uu, Person.objects.first().api_key)
+        assert uu == Person.objects.first().api_key
 
         person = Person()
         valid = (uuid.uuid4(), uuid.uuid1())
@@ -40,7 +39,8 @@ class TestUUIDField(MongoDBTestCase):
         )
         for api_key in invalid:
             person.api_key = api_key
-            self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+            with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+                person.validate()
 
     def test_field_binary(self):
         """Test UUID fields storing as Binary object."""
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ class TestUUIDField(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         uu = uuid.uuid4()
         Person(api_key=uu).save()
-        self.assertEqual(1, Person.objects(api_key=uu).count())
+        assert 1 == Person.objects(api_key=uu).count()
-        self.assertEqual(uu, Person.objects.first().api_key)
+        assert uu == Person.objects.first().api_key
 
         person = Person()
         valid = (uuid.uuid4(), uuid.uuid1())
@@ -63,4 +63,5 @@ class TestUUIDField(MongoDBTestCase):
         )
         for api_key in invalid:
             person.api_key = api_key
-            self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+            with pytest.raises(ValidationError):
+                person.validate()

tests/fixtures.py

@@ -42,11 +42,11 @@ class PickleSignalsTest(Document):
 
     @classmethod
     def post_save(self, sender, document, created, **kwargs):
-        pickled = pickle.dumps(document)
+        pickle.dumps(document)
 
     @classmethod
     def post_delete(self, sender, document, **kwargs):
-        pickled = pickle.dumps(document)
+        pickle.dumps(document)
 
 
 signals.post_save.connect(PickleSignalsTest.post_save, sender=PickleSignalsTest)

tests/queryset/test_field_list.py

@@ -1,67 +1,69 @@
 import unittest
 
+import pytest
+
 from mongoengine import *
 from mongoengine.queryset import QueryFieldList
 
 
-class TestQueryFieldList(unittest.TestCase):
+class TestQueryFieldList:
     def test_empty(self):
         q = QueryFieldList()
-        self.assertFalse(q)
+        assert not q
 
         q = QueryFieldList(always_include=["_cls"])
-        self.assertFalse(q)
+        assert not q
 
     def test_include_include(self):
         q = QueryFieldList()
         q += QueryFieldList(
             fields=["a", "b"], value=QueryFieldList.ONLY, _only_called=True
         )
-        self.assertEqual(q.as_dict(), {"a": 1, "b": 1})
+        assert q.as_dict() == {"a": 1, "b": 1}
         q += QueryFieldList(fields=["b", "c"], value=QueryFieldList.ONLY)
-        self.assertEqual(q.as_dict(), {"a": 1, "b": 1, "c": 1})
+        assert q.as_dict() == {"a": 1, "b": 1, "c": 1}
 
     def test_include_exclude(self):
         q = QueryFieldList()
         q += QueryFieldList(fields=["a", "b"], value=QueryFieldList.ONLY)
-        self.assertEqual(q.as_dict(), {"a": 1, "b": 1})
+        assert q.as_dict() == {"a": 1, "b": 1}
         q += QueryFieldList(fields=["b", "c"], value=QueryFieldList.EXCLUDE)
-        self.assertEqual(q.as_dict(), {"a": 1})
+        assert q.as_dict() == {"a": 1}
 
     def test_exclude_exclude(self):
         q = QueryFieldList()
         q += QueryFieldList(fields=["a", "b"], value=QueryFieldList.EXCLUDE)
-        self.assertEqual(q.as_dict(), {"a": 0, "b": 0})
+        assert q.as_dict() == {"a": 0, "b": 0}
         q += QueryFieldList(fields=["b", "c"], value=QueryFieldList.EXCLUDE)
-        self.assertEqual(q.as_dict(), {"a": 0, "b": 0, "c": 0})
+        assert q.as_dict() == {"a": 0, "b": 0, "c": 0}
 
     def test_exclude_include(self):
         q = QueryFieldList()
         q += QueryFieldList(fields=["a", "b"], value=QueryFieldList.EXCLUDE)
-        self.assertEqual(q.as_dict(), {"a": 0, "b": 0})
+        assert q.as_dict() == {"a": 0, "b": 0}
         q += QueryFieldList(fields=["b", "c"], value=QueryFieldList.ONLY)
-        self.assertEqual(q.as_dict(), {"c": 1})
+        assert q.as_dict() == {"c": 1}
 
     def test_always_include(self):
         q = QueryFieldList(always_include=["x", "y"])
         q += QueryFieldList(fields=["a", "b", "x"], value=QueryFieldList.EXCLUDE)
         q += QueryFieldList(fields=["b", "c"], value=QueryFieldList.ONLY)
-        self.assertEqual(q.as_dict(), {"x": 1, "y": 1, "c": 1})
+        assert q.as_dict() == {"x": 1, "y": 1, "c": 1}
 
     def test_reset(self):
         q = QueryFieldList(always_include=["x", "y"])
         q += QueryFieldList(fields=["a", "b", "x"], value=QueryFieldList.EXCLUDE)
         q += QueryFieldList(fields=["b", "c"], value=QueryFieldList.ONLY)
-        self.assertEqual(q.as_dict(), {"x": 1, "y": 1, "c": 1})
+        assert q.as_dict() == {"x": 1, "y": 1, "c": 1}
         q.reset()
-        self.assertFalse(q)
+        assert not q
         q += QueryFieldList(fields=["b", "c"], value=QueryFieldList.ONLY)
-        self.assertEqual(q.as_dict(), {"x": 1, "y": 1, "b": 1, "c": 1})
+        assert q.as_dict() == {"x": 1, "y": 1, "b": 1, "c": 1}
 
     def test_using_a_slice(self):
         q = QueryFieldList()
         q += QueryFieldList(fields=["a"], value={"$slice": 5})
-        self.assertEqual(q.as_dict(), {"a": {"$slice": 5}})
+        assert q.as_dict() == {"a": {"$slice": 5}}
 
 
 class TestOnlyExcludeAll(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -90,25 +92,23 @@ class TestOnlyExcludeAll(unittest.TestCase):
         only = ["b", "c"]
 
         qs = MyDoc.objects.fields(**{i: 1 for i in include})
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert qs._loaded_fields.as_dict() == {"a": 1, "b": 1, "c": 1, "d": 1, "e": 1}
-            qs._loaded_fields.as_dict(), {"a": 1, "b": 1, "c": 1, "d": 1, "e": 1}
-        )
         qs = qs.only(*only)
-        self.assertEqual(qs._loaded_fields.as_dict(), {"b": 1, "c": 1})
+        assert qs._loaded_fields.as_dict() == {"b": 1, "c": 1}
         qs = qs.exclude(*exclude)
-        self.assertEqual(qs._loaded_fields.as_dict(), {"b": 1, "c": 1})
+        assert qs._loaded_fields.as_dict() == {"b": 1, "c": 1}
 
         qs = MyDoc.objects.fields(**{i: 1 for i in include})
         qs = qs.exclude(*exclude)
-        self.assertEqual(qs._loaded_fields.as_dict(), {"a": 1, "b": 1, "c": 1})
+        assert qs._loaded_fields.as_dict() == {"a": 1, "b": 1, "c": 1}
         qs = qs.only(*only)
-        self.assertEqual(qs._loaded_fields.as_dict(), {"b": 1, "c": 1})
+        assert qs._loaded_fields.as_dict() == {"b": 1, "c": 1}
 
         qs = MyDoc.objects.exclude(*exclude)
         qs = qs.fields(**{i: 1 for i in include})
-        self.assertEqual(qs._loaded_fields.as_dict(), {"a": 1, "b": 1, "c": 1})
+        assert qs._loaded_fields.as_dict() == {"a": 1, "b": 1, "c": 1}
         qs = qs.only(*only)
-        self.assertEqual(qs._loaded_fields.as_dict(), {"b": 1, "c": 1})
+        assert qs._loaded_fields.as_dict() == {"b": 1, "c": 1}
 
     def test_slicing(self):
         class MyDoc(Document):
@@ -127,15 +127,16 @@ class TestOnlyExcludeAll(unittest.TestCase):
         qs = qs.exclude(*exclude)
         qs = qs.only(*only)
         qs = qs.fields(slice__b=5)
-        self.assertEqual(qs._loaded_fields.as_dict(), {"b": {"$slice": 5}, "c": 1})
+        assert qs._loaded_fields.as_dict() == {"b": {"$slice": 5}, "c": 1}
 
         qs = qs.fields(slice__c=[5, 1])
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert qs._loaded_fields.as_dict() == {
-            qs._loaded_fields.as_dict(), {"b": {"$slice": 5}, "c": {"$slice": [5, 1]}}
+            "b": {"$slice": 5},
-        )
+            "c": {"$slice": [5, 1]},
+        }
 
         qs = qs.exclude("c")
-        self.assertEqual(qs._loaded_fields.as_dict(), {"b": {"$slice": 5}})
+        assert qs._loaded_fields.as_dict() == {"b": {"$slice": 5}}
 
     def test_mix_slice_with_other_fields(self):
         class MyDoc(Document):
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ class TestOnlyExcludeAll(unittest.TestCase):
             c = ListField()
 
         qs = MyDoc.objects.fields(a=1, b=0, slice__c=2)
-        self.assertEqual(qs._loaded_fields.as_dict(), {"c": {"$slice": 2}, "a": 1})
+        assert qs._loaded_fields.as_dict() == {"c": {"$slice": 2}, "a": 1}
 
     def test_only(self):
         """Ensure that QuerySet.only only returns the requested fields.
@@ -153,20 +154,20 @@ class TestOnlyExcludeAll(unittest.TestCase):
         person.save()
 
         obj = self.Person.objects.only("name").get()
-        self.assertEqual(obj.name, person.name)
+        assert obj.name == person.name
-        self.assertEqual(obj.age, None)
+        assert obj.age is None
 
         obj = self.Person.objects.only("age").get()
-        self.assertEqual(obj.name, None)
+        assert obj.name is None
-        self.assertEqual(obj.age, person.age)
+        assert obj.age == person.age
 
         obj = self.Person.objects.only("name", "age").get()
-        self.assertEqual(obj.name, person.name)
+        assert obj.name == person.name
-        self.assertEqual(obj.age, person.age)
+        assert obj.age == person.age
 
         obj = self.Person.objects.only(*("id", "name")).get()
-        self.assertEqual(obj.name, person.name)
+        assert obj.name == person.name
-        self.assertEqual(obj.age, None)
+        assert obj.age is None
 
         # Check polymorphism still works
         class Employee(self.Person):
@@ -176,12 +177,12 @@ class TestOnlyExcludeAll(unittest.TestCase):
         employee.save()
 
         obj = self.Person.objects(id=employee.id).only("age").get()
-        self.assertIsInstance(obj, Employee)
+        assert isinstance(obj, Employee)
 
         # Check field names are looked up properly
         obj = Employee.objects(id=employee.id).only("salary").get()
-        self.assertEqual(obj.salary, employee.salary)
+        assert obj.salary == employee.salary
-        self.assertEqual(obj.name, None)
+        assert obj.name is None
 
     def test_only_with_subfields(self):
         class User(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -215,29 +216,29 @@ class TestOnlyExcludeAll(unittest.TestCase):
         post.save()
 
         obj = BlogPost.objects.only("author.name").get()
-        self.assertEqual(obj.content, None)
+        assert obj.content is None
-        self.assertEqual(obj.author.email, None)
+        assert obj.author.email is None
-        self.assertEqual(obj.author.name, "Test User")
+        assert obj.author.name == "Test User"
-        self.assertEqual(obj.comments, [])
+        assert obj.comments == []
 
         obj = BlogPost.objects.only("various.test_dynamic.some").get()
-        self.assertEqual(obj.various["test_dynamic"].some, True)
+        assert obj.various["test_dynamic"].some is True
 
         obj = BlogPost.objects.only("content", "comments.title").get()
-        self.assertEqual(obj.content, "Had a good coffee today...")
+        assert obj.content == "Had a good coffee today..."
-        self.assertEqual(obj.author, None)
+        assert obj.author is None
-        self.assertEqual(obj.comments[0].title, "I aggree")
+        assert obj.comments[0].title == "I aggree"
-        self.assertEqual(obj.comments[1].title, "Coffee")
+        assert obj.comments[1].title == "Coffee"
-        self.assertEqual(obj.comments[0].text, None)
+        assert obj.comments[0].text is None
-        self.assertEqual(obj.comments[1].text, None)
+        assert obj.comments[1].text is None
 
         obj = BlogPost.objects.only("comments").get()
-        self.assertEqual(obj.content, None)
+        assert obj.content is None
-        self.assertEqual(obj.author, None)
+        assert obj.author is None
-        self.assertEqual(obj.comments[0].title, "I aggree")
+        assert obj.comments[0].title == "I aggree"
-        self.assertEqual(obj.comments[1].title, "Coffee")
+        assert obj.comments[1].title == "Coffee"
-        self.assertEqual(obj.comments[0].text, "Great post!")
+        assert obj.comments[0].text == "Great post!"
-        self.assertEqual(obj.comments[1].text, "I hate coffee")
+        assert obj.comments[1].text == "I hate coffee"
 
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
 
@@ -266,10 +267,10 @@ class TestOnlyExcludeAll(unittest.TestCase):
         post.save()
 
         obj = BlogPost.objects.exclude("author", "comments.text").get()
-        self.assertEqual(obj.author, None)
+        assert obj.author is None
-        self.assertEqual(obj.content, "Had a good coffee today...")
+        assert obj.content == "Had a good coffee today..."
-        self.assertEqual(obj.comments[0].title, "I aggree")
+        assert obj.comments[0].title == "I aggree"
-        self.assertEqual(obj.comments[0].text, None)
+        assert obj.comments[0].text is None
 
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
 
@@ -301,18 +302,18 @@ class TestOnlyExcludeAll(unittest.TestCase):
         email.save()
 
         obj = Email.objects.exclude("content_type").exclude("body").get()
-        self.assertEqual(obj.sender, "me")
+        assert obj.sender == "me"
-        self.assertEqual(obj.to, "you")
+        assert obj.to == "you"
-        self.assertEqual(obj.subject, "From Russia with Love")
+        assert obj.subject == "From Russia with Love"
-        self.assertEqual(obj.body, None)
+        assert obj.body is None
-        self.assertEqual(obj.content_type, None)
+        assert obj.content_type is None
 
         obj = Email.objects.only("sender", "to").exclude("body", "sender").get()
-        self.assertEqual(obj.sender, None)
+        assert obj.sender is None
-        self.assertEqual(obj.to, "you")
+        assert obj.to == "you"
-        self.assertEqual(obj.subject, None)
+        assert obj.subject is None
-        self.assertEqual(obj.body, None)
+        assert obj.body is None
-        self.assertEqual(obj.content_type, None)
+        assert obj.content_type is None
 
         obj = (
             Email.objects.exclude("attachments.content")
@@ -320,13 +321,13 @@ class TestOnlyExcludeAll(unittest.TestCase):
             .only("to", "attachments.name")
             .get()
         )
-        self.assertEqual(obj.attachments[0].name, "file1.doc")
+        assert obj.attachments[0].name == "file1.doc"
-        self.assertEqual(obj.attachments[0].content, None)
+        assert obj.attachments[0].content is None
-        self.assertEqual(obj.sender, None)
+        assert obj.sender is None
-        self.assertEqual(obj.to, "you")
+        assert obj.to == "you"
-        self.assertEqual(obj.subject, None)
+        assert obj.subject is None
-        self.assertEqual(obj.body, None)
+        assert obj.body is None
-        self.assertEqual(obj.content_type, None)
+        assert obj.content_type is None
 
         Email.drop_collection()
 
@@ -355,11 +356,11 @@ class TestOnlyExcludeAll(unittest.TestCase):
             .all_fields()
             .get()
         )
-        self.assertEqual(obj.sender, "me")
+        assert obj.sender == "me"
-        self.assertEqual(obj.to, "you")
+        assert obj.to == "you"
-        self.assertEqual(obj.subject, "From Russia with Love")
+        assert obj.subject == "From Russia with Love"
-        self.assertEqual(obj.body, "Hello!")
+        assert obj.body == "Hello!"
-        self.assertEqual(obj.content_type, "text/plain")
+        assert obj.content_type == "text/plain"
 
         Email.drop_collection()
 
@@ -377,27 +378,27 @@ class TestOnlyExcludeAll(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # first three
         numbers = Numbers.objects.fields(slice__n=3).get()
-        self.assertEqual(numbers.n, [0, 1, 2])
+        assert numbers.n == [0, 1, 2]
 
         # last three
         numbers = Numbers.objects.fields(slice__n=-3).get()
-        self.assertEqual(numbers.n, [-3, -2, -1])
+        assert numbers.n == [-3, -2, -1]
 
         # skip 2, limit 3
         numbers = Numbers.objects.fields(slice__n=[2, 3]).get()
-        self.assertEqual(numbers.n, [2, 3, 4])
+        assert numbers.n == [2, 3, 4]
 
         # skip to fifth from last, limit 4
         numbers = Numbers.objects.fields(slice__n=[-5, 4]).get()
-        self.assertEqual(numbers.n, [-5, -4, -3, -2])
+        assert numbers.n == [-5, -4, -3, -2]
 
         # skip to fifth from last, limit 10
         numbers = Numbers.objects.fields(slice__n=[-5, 10]).get()
-        self.assertEqual(numbers.n, [-5, -4, -3, -2, -1])
+        assert numbers.n == [-5, -4, -3, -2, -1]
 
         # skip to fifth from last, limit 10 dict method
         numbers = Numbers.objects.fields(n={"$slice": [-5, 10]}).get()
-        self.assertEqual(numbers.n, [-5, -4, -3, -2, -1])
+        assert numbers.n == [-5, -4, -3, -2, -1]
 
     def test_slicing_nested_fields(self):
         """Ensure that query slicing an embedded array works.
@@ -417,27 +418,27 @@ class TestOnlyExcludeAll(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # first three
         numbers = Numbers.objects.fields(slice__embedded__n=3).get()
-        self.assertEqual(numbers.embedded.n, [0, 1, 2])
+        assert numbers.embedded.n == [0, 1, 2]
 
         # last three
         numbers = Numbers.objects.fields(slice__embedded__n=-3).get()
-        self.assertEqual(numbers.embedded.n, [-3, -2, -1])
+        assert numbers.embedded.n == [-3, -2, -1]
 
         # skip 2, limit 3
         numbers = Numbers.objects.fields(slice__embedded__n=[2, 3]).get()
-        self.assertEqual(numbers.embedded.n, [2, 3, 4])
+        assert numbers.embedded.n == [2, 3, 4]
 
         # skip to fifth from last, limit 4
         numbers = Numbers.objects.fields(slice__embedded__n=[-5, 4]).get()
-        self.assertEqual(numbers.embedded.n, [-5, -4, -3, -2])
+        assert numbers.embedded.n == [-5, -4, -3, -2]
 
         # skip to fifth from last, limit 10
         numbers = Numbers.objects.fields(slice__embedded__n=[-5, 10]).get()
-        self.assertEqual(numbers.embedded.n, [-5, -4, -3, -2, -1])
+        assert numbers.embedded.n == [-5, -4, -3, -2, -1]
 
         # skip to fifth from last, limit 10 dict method
         numbers = Numbers.objects.fields(embedded__n={"$slice": [-5, 10]}).get()
-        self.assertEqual(numbers.embedded.n, [-5, -4, -3, -2, -1])
+        assert numbers.embedded.n == [-5, -4, -3, -2, -1]
 
     def test_exclude_from_subclasses_docs(self):
         class Base(Document):
@@ -456,9 +457,10 @@ class TestOnlyExcludeAll(unittest.TestCase):
         User(username="mongodb", password="secret").save()
 
         user = Base.objects().exclude("password", "wibble").first()
-        self.assertEqual(user.password, None)
+        assert user.password is None
 
-        self.assertRaises(LookUpError, Base.objects.exclude, "made_up")
+        with pytest.raises(LookUpError):
+            Base.objects.exclude("made_up")
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

tests/queryset/test_geo.py

@@ -48,14 +48,14 @@ class TestGeoQueries(MongoDBTestCase):
         # note that "near" will show the san francisco event, too,
         # although it sorts to last.
         events = self.Event.objects(location__near=[-87.67892, 41.9120459])
-        self.assertEqual(events.count(), 3)
+        assert events.count() == 3
-        self.assertEqual(list(events), [event1, event3, event2])
+        assert list(events) == [event1, event3, event2]
 
         # ensure ordering is respected by "near"
         events = self.Event.objects(location__near=[-87.67892, 41.9120459])
         events = events.order_by("-date")
-        self.assertEqual(events.count(), 3)
+        assert events.count() == 3
-        self.assertEqual(list(events), [event3, event1, event2])
+        assert list(events) == [event3, event1, event2]
 
     def test_near_and_max_distance(self):
         """Ensure the "max_distance" operator works alongside the "near"
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ class TestGeoQueries(MongoDBTestCase):
         # find events within 10 degrees of san francisco
         point = [-122.415579, 37.7566023]
         events = self.Event.objects(location__near=point, location__max_distance=10)
-        self.assertEqual(events.count(), 1)
+        assert events.count() == 1
-        self.assertEqual(events[0], event2)
+        assert events[0] == event2
 
     def test_near_and_min_distance(self):
         """Ensure the "min_distance" operator works alongside the "near"
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class TestGeoQueries(MongoDBTestCase):
         # find events at least 10 degrees away of san francisco
         point = [-122.415579, 37.7566023]
         events = self.Event.objects(location__near=point, location__min_distance=10)
-        self.assertEqual(events.count(), 2)
+        assert events.count() == 2
 
     def test_within_distance(self):
         """Make sure the "within_distance" operator works."""
@@ -87,29 +87,29 @@ class TestGeoQueries(MongoDBTestCase):
         # find events within 5 degrees of pitchfork office, chicago
         point_and_distance = [[-87.67892, 41.9120459], 5]
         events = self.Event.objects(location__within_distance=point_and_distance)
-        self.assertEqual(events.count(), 2)
+        assert events.count() == 2
         events = list(events)
-        self.assertNotIn(event2, events)
+        assert event2 not in events
-        self.assertIn(event1, events)
+        assert event1 in events
-        self.assertIn(event3, events)
+        assert event3 in events
 
         # find events within 10 degrees of san francisco
         point_and_distance = [[-122.415579, 37.7566023], 10]
         events = self.Event.objects(location__within_distance=point_and_distance)
-        self.assertEqual(events.count(), 1)
+        assert events.count() == 1
-        self.assertEqual(events[0], event2)
+        assert events[0] == event2
 
         # find events within 1 degree of greenpoint, broolyn, nyc, ny
         point_and_distance = [[-73.9509714, 40.7237134], 1]
         events = self.Event.objects(location__within_distance=point_and_distance)
-        self.assertEqual(events.count(), 0)
+        assert events.count() == 0
 
         # ensure ordering is respected by "within_distance"
         point_and_distance = [[-87.67892, 41.9120459], 10]
         events = self.Event.objects(location__within_distance=point_and_distance)
         events = events.order_by("-date")
-        self.assertEqual(events.count(), 2)
+        assert events.count() == 2
-        self.assertEqual(events[0], event3)
+        assert events[0] == event3
 
     def test_within_box(self):
         """Ensure the "within_box" operator works."""
@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@ class TestGeoQueries(MongoDBTestCase):
         # check that within_box works
         box = [(-125.0, 35.0), (-100.0, 40.0)]
         events = self.Event.objects(location__within_box=box)
-        self.assertEqual(events.count(), 1)
+        assert events.count() == 1
-        self.assertEqual(events[0].id, event2.id)
+        assert events[0].id == event2.id
 
     def test_within_polygon(self):
         """Ensure the "within_polygon" operator works."""
@@ -133,8 +133,8 @@ class TestGeoQueries(MongoDBTestCase):
             (-87.656164, 41.898061),
         ]
         events = self.Event.objects(location__within_polygon=polygon)
-        self.assertEqual(events.count(), 1)
+        assert events.count() == 1
-        self.assertEqual(events[0].id, event1.id)
+        assert events[0].id == event1.id
 
         polygon2 = [
             (-1.742249, 54.033586),
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ class TestGeoQueries(MongoDBTestCase):
             (-4.40094, 53.389881),
         ]
         events = self.Event.objects(location__within_polygon=polygon2)
-        self.assertEqual(events.count(), 0)
+        assert events.count() == 0
 
     def test_2dsphere_near(self):
         """Make sure the "near" operator works with a PointField, which
@@ -154,14 +154,14 @@ class TestGeoQueries(MongoDBTestCase):
         # note that "near" will show the san francisco event, too,
         # although it sorts to last.
         events = self.Event.objects(location__near=[-87.67892, 41.9120459])
-        self.assertEqual(events.count(), 3)
+        assert events.count() == 3
-        self.assertEqual(list(events), [event1, event3, event2])
+        assert list(events) == [event1, event3, event2]
 
         # ensure ordering is respected by "near"
         events = self.Event.objects(location__near=[-87.67892, 41.9120459])
         events = events.order_by("-date")
-        self.assertEqual(events.count(), 3)
+        assert events.count() == 3
-        self.assertEqual(list(events), [event3, event1, event2])
+        assert list(events) == [event3, event1, event2]
 
     def test_2dsphere_near_and_max_distance(self):
         """Ensure the "max_distance" operator works alongside the "near"
@@ -172,21 +172,21 @@ class TestGeoQueries(MongoDBTestCase):
         # find events within 10km of san francisco
         point = [-122.415579, 37.7566023]
         events = self.Event.objects(location__near=point, location__max_distance=10000)
-        self.assertEqual(events.count(), 1)
+        assert events.count() == 1
-        self.assertEqual(events[0], event2)
+        assert events[0] == event2
 
         # find events within 1km of greenpoint, broolyn, nyc, ny
         events = self.Event.objects(
             location__near=[-73.9509714, 40.7237134], location__max_distance=1000
         )
-        self.assertEqual(events.count(), 0)
+        assert events.count() == 0
 
         # ensure ordering is respected by "near"
         events = self.Event.objects(
             location__near=[-87.67892, 41.9120459], location__max_distance=10000
         ).order_by("-date")
-        self.assertEqual(events.count(), 2)
+        assert events.count() == 2
-        self.assertEqual(events[0], event3)
+        assert events[0] == event3
 
     def test_2dsphere_geo_within_box(self):
         """Ensure the "geo_within_box" operator works with a 2dsphere
@@ -197,8 +197,8 @@ class TestGeoQueries(MongoDBTestCase):
         # check that within_box works
         box = [(-125.0, 35.0), (-100.0, 40.0)]
         events = self.Event.objects(location__geo_within_box=box)
-        self.assertEqual(events.count(), 1)
+        assert events.count() == 1
-        self.assertEqual(events[0].id, event2.id)
+        assert events[0].id == event2.id
 
     def test_2dsphere_geo_within_polygon(self):
         """Ensure the "geo_within_polygon" operator works with a
@@ -214,8 +214,8 @@ class TestGeoQueries(MongoDBTestCase):
             (-87.656164, 41.898061),
         ]
         events = self.Event.objects(location__geo_within_polygon=polygon)
-        self.assertEqual(events.count(), 1)
+        assert events.count() == 1
-        self.assertEqual(events[0].id, event1.id)
+        assert events[0].id == event1.id
 
         polygon2 = [
             (-1.742249, 54.033586),
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ class TestGeoQueries(MongoDBTestCase):
             (-4.40094, 53.389881),
         ]
         events = self.Event.objects(location__geo_within_polygon=polygon2)
-        self.assertEqual(events.count(), 0)
+        assert events.count() == 0
 
     def test_2dsphere_near_and_min_max_distance(self):
         """Ensure "min_distace" and "max_distance" operators work well
@@ -237,15 +237,15 @@ class TestGeoQueries(MongoDBTestCase):
             location__min_distance=1000,
             location__max_distance=10000,
         ).order_by("-date")
-        self.assertEqual(events.count(), 1)
+        assert events.count() == 1
-        self.assertEqual(events[0], event3)
+        assert events[0] == event3
 
         # ensure ordering is respected by "near" with "min_distance"
         events = self.Event.objects(
             location__near=[-87.67892, 41.9120459], location__min_distance=10000
         ).order_by("-date")
-        self.assertEqual(events.count(), 1)
+        assert events.count() == 1
-        self.assertEqual(events[0], event2)
+        assert events[0] == event2
 
     def test_2dsphere_geo_within_center(self):
         """Make sure the "geo_within_center" operator works with a
@@ -256,11 +256,11 @@ class TestGeoQueries(MongoDBTestCase):
         # find events within 5 degrees of pitchfork office, chicago
         point_and_distance = [[-87.67892, 41.9120459], 2]
         events = self.Event.objects(location__geo_within_center=point_and_distance)
-        self.assertEqual(events.count(), 2)
+        assert events.count() == 2
         events = list(events)
-        self.assertNotIn(event2, events)
+        assert event2 not in events
-        self.assertIn(event1, events)
+        assert event1 in events
-        self.assertIn(event3, events)
+        assert event3 in events
 
     def _test_embedded(self, point_field_class):
         """Helper test method ensuring given point field class works
@@ -290,8 +290,8 @@ class TestGeoQueries(MongoDBTestCase):
         # note that "near" will show the san francisco event, too,
         # although it sorts to last.
         events = Event.objects(venue__location__near=[-87.67892, 41.9120459])
-        self.assertEqual(events.count(), 3)
+        assert events.count() == 3
-        self.assertEqual(list(events), [event1, event3, event2])
+        assert list(events) == [event1, event3, event2]
 
     def test_geo_spatial_embedded(self):
         """Make sure GeoPointField works properly in an embedded document."""
@@ -319,55 +319,55 @@ class TestGeoQueries(MongoDBTestCase):
         # Finds both points because they are within 60 km of the reference
         # point equidistant between them.
         points = Point.objects(location__near_sphere=[-122, 37.5])
-        self.assertEqual(points.count(), 2)
+        assert points.count() == 2
 
         # Same behavior for _within_spherical_distance
         points = Point.objects(
             location__within_spherical_distance=[[-122, 37.5], 60 / earth_radius]
         )
-        self.assertEqual(points.count(), 2)
+        assert points.count() == 2
 
         points = Point.objects(
             location__near_sphere=[-122, 37.5], location__max_distance=60 / earth_radius
         )
-        self.assertEqual(points.count(), 2)
+        assert points.count() == 2
 
         # Test query works with max_distance, being farer from one point
         points = Point.objects(
             location__near_sphere=[-122, 37.8], location__max_distance=60 / earth_radius
         )
         close_point = points.first()
-        self.assertEqual(points.count(), 1)
+        assert points.count() == 1
 
         # Test query works with min_distance, being farer from one point
         points = Point.objects(
             location__near_sphere=[-122, 37.8], location__min_distance=60 / earth_radius
         )
-        self.assertEqual(points.count(), 1)
+        assert points.count() == 1
         far_point = points.first()
-        self.assertNotEqual(close_point, far_point)
+        assert close_point != far_point
 
         # Finds both points, but orders the north point first because it's
         # closer to the reference point to the north.
         points = Point.objects(location__near_sphere=[-122, 38.5])
-        self.assertEqual(points.count(), 2)
+        assert points.count() == 2
-        self.assertEqual(points[0].id, north_point.id)
+        assert points[0].id == north_point.id
-        self.assertEqual(points[1].id, south_point.id)
+        assert points[1].id == south_point.id
 
         # Finds both points, but orders the south point first because it's
         # closer to the reference point to the south.
         points = Point.objects(location__near_sphere=[-122, 36.5])
-        self.assertEqual(points.count(), 2)
+        assert points.count() == 2
-        self.assertEqual(points[0].id, south_point.id)
+        assert points[0].id == south_point.id
-        self.assertEqual(points[1].id, north_point.id)
+        assert points[1].id == north_point.id
 
         # Finds only one point because only the first point is within 60km of
         # the reference point to the south.
         points = Point.objects(
             location__within_spherical_distance=[[-122, 36.5], 60 / earth_radius]
         )
-        self.assertEqual(points.count(), 1)
+        assert points.count() == 1
-        self.assertEqual(points[0].id, south_point.id)
+        assert points[0].id == south_point.id
 
     def test_linestring(self):
         class Road(Document):
@@ -381,13 +381,13 @@ class TestGeoQueries(MongoDBTestCase):
         # near
         point = {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [40, 5]}
         roads = Road.objects.filter(line__near=point["coordinates"]).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, roads)
+        assert 1 == roads
 
         roads = Road.objects.filter(line__near=point).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, roads)
+        assert 1 == roads
 
         roads = Road.objects.filter(line__near={"$geometry": point}).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, roads)
+        assert 1 == roads
 
         # Within
         polygon = {
@@ -395,37 +395,37 @@ class TestGeoQueries(MongoDBTestCase):
             "coordinates": [[[40, 5], [40, 6], [41, 6], [41, 5], [40, 5]]],
         }
         roads = Road.objects.filter(line__geo_within=polygon["coordinates"]).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, roads)
+        assert 1 == roads
 
         roads = Road.objects.filter(line__geo_within=polygon).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, roads)
+        assert 1 == roads
 
         roads = Road.objects.filter(line__geo_within={"$geometry": polygon}).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, roads)
+        assert 1 == roads
 
         # Intersects
         line = {"type": "LineString", "coordinates": [[40, 5], [40, 6]]}
         roads = Road.objects.filter(line__geo_intersects=line["coordinates"]).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, roads)
+        assert 1 == roads
 
         roads = Road.objects.filter(line__geo_intersects=line).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, roads)
+        assert 1 == roads
 
         roads = Road.objects.filter(line__geo_intersects={"$geometry": line}).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, roads)
+        assert 1 == roads
 
         polygon = {
             "type": "Polygon",
             "coordinates": [[[40, 5], [40, 6], [41, 6], [41, 5], [40, 5]]],
         }
         roads = Road.objects.filter(line__geo_intersects=polygon["coordinates"]).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, roads)
+        assert 1 == roads
 
         roads = Road.objects.filter(line__geo_intersects=polygon).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, roads)
+        assert 1 == roads
 
         roads = Road.objects.filter(line__geo_intersects={"$geometry": polygon}).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, roads)
+        assert 1 == roads
 
     def test_polygon(self):
         class Road(Document):
@@ -439,13 +439,13 @@ class TestGeoQueries(MongoDBTestCase):
         # near
         point = {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [40, 5]}
         roads = Road.objects.filter(poly__near=point["coordinates"]).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, roads)
+        assert 1 == roads
 
         roads = Road.objects.filter(poly__near=point).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, roads)
+        assert 1 == roads
 
         roads = Road.objects.filter(poly__near={"$geometry": point}).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, roads)
+        assert 1 == roads
 
         # Within
         polygon = {
@@ -453,37 +453,37 @@ class TestGeoQueries(MongoDBTestCase):
             "coordinates": [[[40, 5], [40, 6], [41, 6], [41, 5], [40, 5]]],
         }
         roads = Road.objects.filter(poly__geo_within=polygon["coordinates"]).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, roads)
+        assert 1 == roads
 
         roads = Road.objects.filter(poly__geo_within=polygon).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, roads)
+        assert 1 == roads
 
         roads = Road.objects.filter(poly__geo_within={"$geometry": polygon}).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, roads)
+        assert 1 == roads
 
         # Intersects
         line = {"type": "LineString", "coordinates": [[40, 5], [41, 6]]}
         roads = Road.objects.filter(poly__geo_intersects=line["coordinates"]).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, roads)
+        assert 1 == roads
 
         roads = Road.objects.filter(poly__geo_intersects=line).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, roads)
+        assert 1 == roads
 
         roads = Road.objects.filter(poly__geo_intersects={"$geometry": line}).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, roads)
+        assert 1 == roads
 
         polygon = {
             "type": "Polygon",
             "coordinates": [[[40, 5], [40, 6], [41, 6], [41, 5], [40, 5]]],
         }
         roads = Road.objects.filter(poly__geo_intersects=polygon["coordinates"]).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, roads)
+        assert 1 == roads
 
         roads = Road.objects.filter(poly__geo_intersects=polygon).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, roads)
+        assert 1 == roads
 
         roads = Road.objects.filter(poly__geo_intersects={"$geometry": polygon}).count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, roads)
+        assert 1 == roads
 
     def test_aspymongo_with_only(self):
         """Ensure as_pymongo works with only"""
@@ -495,13 +495,10 @@ class TestGeoQueries(MongoDBTestCase):
         p = Place(location=[24.946861267089844, 60.16311983618494])
         p.save()
         qs = Place.objects().only("location")
-        self.assertDictEqual(
+        assert qs.as_pymongo()[0]["location"] == {
-            qs.as_pymongo()[0]["location"],
-            {
             u"type": u"Point",
             u"coordinates": [24.946861267089844, 60.16311983618494],
-            },
+        }
-        )
 
     def test_2dsphere_point_sets_correctly(self):
         class Location(Document):
@@ -511,11 +508,11 @@ class TestGeoQueries(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         Location(loc=[1, 2]).save()
         loc = Location.objects.as_pymongo()[0]
-        self.assertEqual(loc["loc"], {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1, 2]})
+        assert loc["loc"] == {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1, 2]}
 
         Location.objects.update(set__loc=[2, 1])
         loc = Location.objects.as_pymongo()[0]
-        self.assertEqual(loc["loc"], {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [2, 1]})
+        assert loc["loc"] == {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [2, 1]}
 
     def test_2dsphere_linestring_sets_correctly(self):
         class Location(Document):
@@ -525,15 +522,11 @@ class TestGeoQueries(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         Location(line=[[1, 2], [2, 2]]).save()
         loc = Location.objects.as_pymongo()[0]
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert loc["line"] == {"type": "LineString", "coordinates": [[1, 2], [2, 2]]}
-            loc["line"], {"type": "LineString", "coordinates": [[1, 2], [2, 2]]}
-        )
 
         Location.objects.update(set__line=[[2, 1], [1, 2]])
         loc = Location.objects.as_pymongo()[0]
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert loc["line"] == {"type": "LineString", "coordinates": [[2, 1], [1, 2]]}
-            loc["line"], {"type": "LineString", "coordinates": [[2, 1], [1, 2]]}
-        )
 
     def test_geojson_PolygonField(self):
         class Location(Document):
@@ -543,17 +536,17 @@ class TestGeoQueries(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         Location(poly=[[[40, 5], [40, 6], [41, 6], [40, 5]]]).save()
         loc = Location.objects.as_pymongo()[0]
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert loc["poly"] == {
-            loc["poly"],
+            "type": "Polygon",
-            {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[40, 5], [40, 6], [41, 6], [40, 5]]]},
+            "coordinates": [[[40, 5], [40, 6], [41, 6], [40, 5]]],
-        )
+        }
 
         Location.objects.update(set__poly=[[[40, 4], [40, 6], [41, 6], [40, 4]]])
         loc = Location.objects.as_pymongo()[0]
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert loc["poly"] == {
-            loc["poly"],
+            "type": "Polygon",
-            {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[40, 4], [40, 6], [41, 6], [40, 4]]]},
+            "coordinates": [[[40, 4], [40, 6], [41, 6], [40, 4]]],
-        )
+        }
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

tests/queryset/test_modify.py

@@ -14,14 +14,14 @@ class TestFindAndModify(unittest.TestCase):
         Doc.drop_collection()
 
     def assertDbEqual(self, docs):
-        self.assertEqual(list(Doc._collection.find().sort("id")), docs)
+        assert list(Doc._collection.find().sort("id")) == docs
 
     def test_modify(self):
         Doc(id=0, value=0).save()
         doc = Doc(id=1, value=1).save()
 
         old_doc = Doc.objects(id=1).modify(set__value=-1)
-        self.assertEqual(old_doc.to_json(), doc.to_json())
+        assert old_doc.to_json() == doc.to_json()
         self.assertDbEqual([{"_id": 0, "value": 0}, {"_id": 1, "value": -1}])
 
     def test_modify_with_new(self):
@@ -30,18 +30,18 @@ class TestFindAndModify(unittest.TestCase):
 
         new_doc = Doc.objects(id=1).modify(set__value=-1, new=True)
         doc.value = -1
-        self.assertEqual(new_doc.to_json(), doc.to_json())
+        assert new_doc.to_json() == doc.to_json()
         self.assertDbEqual([{"_id": 0, "value": 0}, {"_id": 1, "value": -1}])
 
     def test_modify_not_existing(self):
         Doc(id=0, value=0).save()
-        self.assertEqual(Doc.objects(id=1).modify(set__value=-1), None)
+        assert Doc.objects(id=1).modify(set__value=-1) is None
         self.assertDbEqual([{"_id": 0, "value": 0}])
 
     def test_modify_with_upsert(self):
         Doc(id=0, value=0).save()
         old_doc = Doc.objects(id=1).modify(set__value=1, upsert=True)
-        self.assertEqual(old_doc, None)
+        assert old_doc is None
         self.assertDbEqual([{"_id": 0, "value": 0}, {"_id": 1, "value": 1}])
 
     def test_modify_with_upsert_existing(self):
@@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ class TestFindAndModify(unittest.TestCase):
         doc = Doc(id=1, value=1).save()
 
         old_doc = Doc.objects(id=1).modify(set__value=-1, upsert=True)
-        self.assertEqual(old_doc.to_json(), doc.to_json())
+        assert old_doc.to_json() == doc.to_json()
         self.assertDbEqual([{"_id": 0, "value": 0}, {"_id": 1, "value": -1}])
 
     def test_modify_with_upsert_with_new(self):
         Doc(id=0, value=0).save()
         new_doc = Doc.objects(id=1).modify(upsert=True, new=True, set__value=1)
-        self.assertEqual(new_doc.to_mongo(), {"_id": 1, "value": 1})
+        assert new_doc.to_mongo() == {"_id": 1, "value": 1}
         self.assertDbEqual([{"_id": 0, "value": 0}, {"_id": 1, "value": 1}])
 
     def test_modify_with_remove(self):
@@ -63,12 +63,12 @@ class TestFindAndModify(unittest.TestCase):
         doc = Doc(id=1, value=1).save()
 
         old_doc = Doc.objects(id=1).modify(remove=True)
-        self.assertEqual(old_doc.to_json(), doc.to_json())
+        assert old_doc.to_json() == doc.to_json()
         self.assertDbEqual([{"_id": 0, "value": 0}])
 
     def test_find_and_modify_with_remove_not_existing(self):
         Doc(id=0, value=0).save()
-        self.assertEqual(Doc.objects(id=1).modify(remove=True), None)
+        assert Doc.objects(id=1).modify(remove=True) is None
         self.assertDbEqual([{"_id": 0, "value": 0}])
 
     def test_modify_with_order_by(self):
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class TestFindAndModify(unittest.TestCase):
         doc = Doc(id=3, value=0).save()
 
         old_doc = Doc.objects().order_by("-id").modify(set__value=-1)
-        self.assertEqual(old_doc.to_json(), doc.to_json())
+        assert old_doc.to_json() == doc.to_json()
         self.assertDbEqual(
             [
                 {"_id": 0, "value": 3},
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class TestFindAndModify(unittest.TestCase):
         Doc(id=1, value=1).save()
 
         old_doc = Doc.objects(id=1).only("id").modify(set__value=-1)
-        self.assertEqual(old_doc.to_mongo(), {"_id": 1})
+        assert old_doc.to_mongo() == {"_id": 1}
         self.assertDbEqual([{"_id": 0, "value": 0}, {"_id": 1, "value": -1}])
 
     def test_modify_with_push(self):
@@ -106,23 +106,23 @@ class TestFindAndModify(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # Push a new tag via modify with new=False (default).
         BlogPost(id=blog.id).modify(push__tags="code")
-        self.assertEqual(blog.tags, [])
+        assert blog.tags == []
         blog.reload()
-        self.assertEqual(blog.tags, ["code"])
+        assert blog.tags == ["code"]
 
         # Push a new tag via modify with new=True.
         blog = BlogPost.objects(id=blog.id).modify(push__tags="java", new=True)
-        self.assertEqual(blog.tags, ["code", "java"])
+        assert blog.tags == ["code", "java"]
 
         # Push a new tag with a positional argument.
         blog = BlogPost.objects(id=blog.id).modify(push__tags__0="python", new=True)
-        self.assertEqual(blog.tags, ["python", "code", "java"])
+        assert blog.tags == ["python", "code", "java"]
 
         # Push multiple new tags with a positional argument.
         blog = BlogPost.objects(id=blog.id).modify(
             push__tags__1=["go", "rust"], new=True
         )
-        self.assertEqual(blog.tags, ["python", "go", "rust", "code", "java"])
+        assert blog.tags == ["python", "go", "rust", "code", "java"]
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

tests/queryset/test_pickable.py

@@ -37,13 +37,13 @@ class TestQuerysetPickable(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         loadedQs = self._get_loaded(qs)
 
-        self.assertEqual(qs.count(), loadedQs.count())
+        assert qs.count() == loadedQs.count()
 
         # can update loadedQs
         loadedQs.update(age=23)
 
         # check
-        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.first().age, 23)
+        assert Person.objects.first().age == 23
 
     def test_pickle_support_filtration(self):
         Person.objects.create(name="Alice", age=22)
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ class TestQuerysetPickable(MongoDBTestCase):
         Person.objects.create(name="Bob", age=23)
 
         qs = Person.objects.filter(age__gte=22)
-        self.assertEqual(qs.count(), 2)
+        assert qs.count() == 2
 
         loaded = self._get_loaded(qs)
 
-        self.assertEqual(loaded.count(), 2)
+        assert loaded.count() == 2
-        self.assertEqual(loaded.filter(name="Bob").first().age, 23)
+        assert loaded.filter(name="Bob").first().age == 23

tests/queryset/test_queryset_aggregation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+import unittest
+import warnings
+
+from pymongo.read_preferences import ReadPreference
+
+from mongoengine import *
+from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
+
+
+class TestQuerysetAggregate(MongoDBTestCase):
+    def test_read_preference_aggregation_framework(self):
+        class Bar(Document):
+            txt = StringField()
+
+            meta = {"indexes": ["txt"]}
+
+        # Aggregates with read_preference
+        pipeline = []
+        bars = Bar.objects.read_preference(
+            ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED
+        ).aggregate(pipeline)
+        assert (
+            bars._CommandCursor__collection.read_preference
+            == ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED
+        )
+
+    def test_queryset_aggregation_framework(self):
+        class Person(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            age = IntField()
+
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        p1 = Person(name="Isabella Luanna", age=16)
+        p2 = Person(name="Wilson Junior", age=21)
+        p3 = Person(name="Sandra Mara", age=37)
+        Person.objects.insert([p1, p2, p3])
+
+        pipeline = [{"$project": {"name": {"$toUpper": "$name"}}}]
+        data = Person.objects(age__lte=22).aggregate(pipeline)
+
+        assert list(data) == [
+            {"_id": p1.pk, "name": "ISABELLA LUANNA"},
+            {"_id": p2.pk, "name": "WILSON JUNIOR"},
+        ]
+
+        pipeline = [{"$project": {"name": {"$toUpper": "$name"}}}]
+        data = Person.objects(age__lte=22).order_by("-name").aggregate(pipeline)
+
+        assert list(data) == [
+            {"_id": p2.pk, "name": "WILSON JUNIOR"},
+            {"_id": p1.pk, "name": "ISABELLA LUANNA"},
+        ]
+
+        pipeline = [
+            {"$group": {"_id": None, "total": {"$sum": 1}, "avg": {"$avg": "$age"}}}
+        ]
+        data = (
+            Person.objects(age__gte=17, age__lte=40)
+            .order_by("-age")
+            .aggregate(pipeline)
+        )
+        assert list(data) == [{"_id": None, "avg": 29, "total": 2}]
+
+        pipeline = [{"$match": {"name": "Isabella Luanna"}}]
+        data = Person.objects().aggregate(pipeline)
+        assert list(data) == [{u"_id": p1.pk, u"age": 16, u"name": u"Isabella Luanna"}]
+
+    def test_queryset_aggregation_with_skip(self):
+        class Person(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            age = IntField()
+
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        p1 = Person(name="Isabella Luanna", age=16)
+        p2 = Person(name="Wilson Junior", age=21)
+        p3 = Person(name="Sandra Mara", age=37)
+        Person.objects.insert([p1, p2, p3])
+
+        pipeline = [{"$project": {"name": {"$toUpper": "$name"}}}]
+        data = Person.objects.skip(1).aggregate(pipeline)
+
+        assert list(data) == [
+            {"_id": p2.pk, "name": "WILSON JUNIOR"},
+            {"_id": p3.pk, "name": "SANDRA MARA"},
+        ]
+
+    def test_queryset_aggregation_with_limit(self):
+        class Person(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            age = IntField()
+
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        p1 = Person(name="Isabella Luanna", age=16)
+        p2 = Person(name="Wilson Junior", age=21)
+        p3 = Person(name="Sandra Mara", age=37)
+        Person.objects.insert([p1, p2, p3])
+
+        pipeline = [{"$project": {"name": {"$toUpper": "$name"}}}]
+        data = Person.objects.limit(1).aggregate(pipeline)
+
+        assert list(data) == [{"_id": p1.pk, "name": "ISABELLA LUANNA"}]
+
+    def test_queryset_aggregation_with_sort(self):
+        class Person(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            age = IntField()
+
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        p1 = Person(name="Isabella Luanna", age=16)
+        p2 = Person(name="Wilson Junior", age=21)
+        p3 = Person(name="Sandra Mara", age=37)
+        Person.objects.insert([p1, p2, p3])
+
+        pipeline = [{"$project": {"name": {"$toUpper": "$name"}}}]
+        data = Person.objects.order_by("name").aggregate(pipeline)
+
+        assert list(data) == [
+            {"_id": p1.pk, "name": "ISABELLA LUANNA"},
+            {"_id": p3.pk, "name": "SANDRA MARA"},
+            {"_id": p2.pk, "name": "WILSON JUNIOR"},
+        ]
+
+    def test_queryset_aggregation_with_skip_with_limit(self):
+        class Person(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            age = IntField()
+
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        p1 = Person(name="Isabella Luanna", age=16)
+        p2 = Person(name="Wilson Junior", age=21)
+        p3 = Person(name="Sandra Mara", age=37)
+        Person.objects.insert([p1, p2, p3])
+
+        pipeline = [{"$project": {"name": {"$toUpper": "$name"}}}]
+        data = list(Person.objects.skip(1).limit(1).aggregate(pipeline))
+
+        assert list(data) == [{"_id": p2.pk, "name": "WILSON JUNIOR"}]
+
+        # Make sure limit/skip chaining order has no impact
+        data2 = Person.objects.limit(1).skip(1).aggregate(pipeline)
+
+        assert data == list(data2)
+
+    def test_queryset_aggregation_with_sort_with_limit(self):
+        class Person(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            age = IntField()
+
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        p1 = Person(name="Isabella Luanna", age=16)
+        p2 = Person(name="Wilson Junior", age=21)
+        p3 = Person(name="Sandra Mara", age=37)
+        Person.objects.insert([p1, p2, p3])
+
+        pipeline = [{"$project": {"name": {"$toUpper": "$name"}}}]
+        data = Person.objects.order_by("name").limit(2).aggregate(pipeline)
+
+        assert list(data) == [
+            {"_id": p1.pk, "name": "ISABELLA LUANNA"},
+            {"_id": p3.pk, "name": "SANDRA MARA"},
+        ]
+
+        # Verify adding limit/skip steps works as expected
+        pipeline = [{"$project": {"name": {"$toUpper": "$name"}}}, {"$limit": 1}]
+        data = Person.objects.order_by("name").limit(2).aggregate(pipeline)
+
+        assert list(data) == [{"_id": p1.pk, "name": "ISABELLA LUANNA"}]
+
+        pipeline = [
+            {"$project": {"name": {"$toUpper": "$name"}}},
+            {"$skip": 1},
+            {"$limit": 1},
+        ]
+        data = Person.objects.order_by("name").limit(2).aggregate(pipeline)
+
+        assert list(data) == [{"_id": p3.pk, "name": "SANDRA MARA"}]
+
+    def test_queryset_aggregation_with_sort_with_skip(self):
+        class Person(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            age = IntField()
+
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        p1 = Person(name="Isabella Luanna", age=16)
+        p2 = Person(name="Wilson Junior", age=21)
+        p3 = Person(name="Sandra Mara", age=37)
+        Person.objects.insert([p1, p2, p3])
+
+        pipeline = [{"$project": {"name": {"$toUpper": "$name"}}}]
+        data = Person.objects.order_by("name").skip(2).aggregate(pipeline)
+
+        assert list(data) == [{"_id": p2.pk, "name": "WILSON JUNIOR"}]
+
+    def test_queryset_aggregation_with_sort_with_skip_with_limit(self):
+        class Person(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            age = IntField()
+
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        p1 = Person(name="Isabella Luanna", age=16)
+        p2 = Person(name="Wilson Junior", age=21)
+        p3 = Person(name="Sandra Mara", age=37)
+        Person.objects.insert([p1, p2, p3])
+
+        pipeline = [{"$project": {"name": {"$toUpper": "$name"}}}]
+        data = Person.objects.order_by("name").skip(1).limit(1).aggregate(pipeline)
+
+        assert list(data) == [{"_id": p3.pk, "name": "SANDRA MARA"}]
+
+    def test_queryset_aggregation_deprecated_interface(self):
+        class Person(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        p1 = Person(name="Isabella Luanna")
+        p2 = Person(name="Wilson Junior")
+        p3 = Person(name="Sandra Mara")
+        Person.objects.insert([p1, p2, p3])
+
+        pipeline = [{"$project": {"name": {"$toUpper": "$name"}}}]
+
+        # Make sure a warning is emitted
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("error", DeprecationWarning)
+            with self.assertRaises(DeprecationWarning):
+                Person.objects.order_by("name").limit(2).aggregate(*pipeline)
+
+        # Make sure old interface works as expected with a 1-step pipeline
+        data = Person.objects.order_by("name").limit(2).aggregate(*pipeline)
+
+        assert list(data) == [
+            {"_id": p1.pk, "name": "ISABELLA LUANNA"},
+            {"_id": p3.pk, "name": "SANDRA MARA"},
+        ]
+
+        # Make sure old interface works as expected with a 2-steps pipeline
+        pipeline = [{"$project": {"name": {"$toUpper": "$name"}}}, {"$limit": 1}]
+        data = Person.objects.order_by("name").limit(2).aggregate(*pipeline)
+
+        assert list(data) == [{"_id": p1.pk, "name": "ISABELLA LUANNA"}]
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

tests/queryset/test_transform.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import unittest
 
 from bson.son import SON
+import pytest
 
 from mongoengine import *
 from mongoengine.queryset import Q, transform
@@ -13,23 +14,16 @@ class TestTransform(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_transform_query(self):
         """Ensure that the _transform_query function operates correctly.
         """
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert transform.query(name="test", age=30) == {"name": "test", "age": 30}
-            transform.query(name="test", age=30), {"name": "test", "age": 30}
+        assert transform.query(age__lt=30) == {"age": {"$lt": 30}}
-        )
+        assert transform.query(age__gt=20, age__lt=50) == {
-        self.assertEqual(transform.query(age__lt=30), {"age": {"$lt": 30}})
+            "age": {"$gt": 20, "$lt": 50}
-        self.assertEqual(
+        }
-            transform.query(age__gt=20, age__lt=50), {"age": {"$gt": 20, "$lt": 50}}
+        assert transform.query(age=20, age__gt=50) == {
-        )
+            "$and": [{"age": {"$gt": 50}}, {"age": 20}]
-        self.assertEqual(
+        }
-            transform.query(age=20, age__gt=50),
+        assert transform.query(friend__age__gte=30) == {"friend.age": {"$gte": 30}}
-            {"$and": [{"age": {"$gt": 50}}, {"age": 20}]},
+        assert transform.query(name__exists=True) == {"name": {"$exists": True}}
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            transform.query(friend__age__gte=30), {"friend.age": {"$gte": 30}}
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            transform.query(name__exists=True), {"name": {"$exists": True}}
-        )
 
     def test_transform_update(self):
         class LisDoc(Document):
@@ -54,17 +48,17 @@ class TestTransform(unittest.TestCase):
             ("push", "$push"),
         ):
             update = transform.update(DicDoc, **{"%s__dictField__test" % k: doc})
-            self.assertIsInstance(update[v]["dictField.test"], dict)
+            assert isinstance(update[v]["dictField.test"], dict)
 
         # Update special cases
         update = transform.update(DicDoc, unset__dictField__test=doc)
-        self.assertEqual(update["$unset"]["dictField.test"], 1)
+        assert update["$unset"]["dictField.test"] == 1
 
         update = transform.update(DicDoc, pull__dictField__test=doc)
-        self.assertIsInstance(update["$pull"]["dictField"]["test"], dict)
+        assert isinstance(update["$pull"]["dictField"]["test"], dict)
 
         update = transform.update(LisDoc, pull__foo__in=["a"])
-        self.assertEqual(update, {"$pull": {"foo": {"$in": ["a"]}}})
+        assert update == {"$pull": {"foo": {"$in": ["a"]}}}
 
     def test_transform_update_push(self):
         """Ensure the differences in behvaior between 'push' and 'push_all'"""
@@ -73,10 +67,10 @@ class TestTransform(unittest.TestCase):
             tags = ListField(StringField())
 
         update = transform.update(BlogPost, push__tags=["mongo", "db"])
-        self.assertEqual(update, {"$push": {"tags": ["mongo", "db"]}})
+        assert update == {"$push": {"tags": ["mongo", "db"]}}
 
         update = transform.update(BlogPost, push_all__tags=["mongo", "db"])
-        self.assertEqual(update, {"$push": {"tags": {"$each": ["mongo", "db"]}}})
+        assert update == {"$push": {"tags": {"$each": ["mongo", "db"]}}}
 
     def test_transform_update_no_operator_default_to_set(self):
         """Ensure the differences in behvaior between 'push' and 'push_all'"""
@@ -85,7 +79,7 @@ class TestTransform(unittest.TestCase):
             tags = ListField(StringField())
 
         update = transform.update(BlogPost, tags=["mongo", "db"])
-        self.assertEqual(update, {"$set": {"tags": ["mongo", "db"]}})
+        assert update == {"$set": {"tags": ["mongo", "db"]}}
 
     def test_query_field_name(self):
         """Ensure that the correct field name is used when querying.
@@ -106,18 +100,18 @@ class TestTransform(unittest.TestCase):
         post = BlogPost(**data)
         post.save()
 
-        self.assertIn("postTitle", BlogPost.objects(title=data["title"])._query)
+        assert "postTitle" in BlogPost.objects(title=data["title"])._query
-        self.assertFalse("title" in BlogPost.objects(title=data["title"])._query)
+        assert not ("title" in BlogPost.objects(title=data["title"])._query)
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects(title=data["title"]).count(), 1)
+        assert BlogPost.objects(title=data["title"]).count() == 1
 
-        self.assertIn("_id", BlogPost.objects(pk=post.id)._query)
+        assert "_id" in BlogPost.objects(pk=post.id)._query
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects(pk=post.id).count(), 1)
+        assert BlogPost.objects(pk=post.id).count() == 1
 
-        self.assertIn(
+        assert (
-            "postComments.commentContent",
+            "postComments.commentContent"
-            BlogPost.objects(comments__content="test")._query,
+            in BlogPost.objects(comments__content="test")._query
         )
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects(comments__content="test").count(), 1)
+        assert BlogPost.objects(comments__content="test").count() == 1
 
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
 
@@ -135,9 +129,9 @@ class TestTransform(unittest.TestCase):
         post = BlogPost(**data)
         post.save()
 
-        self.assertIn("_id", BlogPost.objects(pk=data["title"])._query)
+        assert "_id" in BlogPost.objects(pk=data["title"])._query
-        self.assertIn("_id", BlogPost.objects(title=data["title"])._query)
+        assert "_id" in BlogPost.objects(title=data["title"])._query
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects(pk=data["title"]).count(), 1)
+        assert BlogPost.objects(pk=data["title"]).count() == 1
 
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
 
@@ -163,7 +157,7 @@ class TestTransform(unittest.TestCase):
         q2 = B.objects.filter(a__in=[a1, a2])
         q2 = q2.filter(a=a1)._query
 
-        self.assertEqual(q1, q2)
+        assert q1 == q2
 
     def test_raw_query_and_Q_objects(self):
         """
@@ -179,11 +173,11 @@ class TestTransform(unittest.TestCase):
             meta = {"allow_inheritance": False}
 
         query = Foo.objects(__raw__={"$nor": [{"name": "bar"}]})._query
-        self.assertEqual(query, {"$nor": [{"name": "bar"}]})
+        assert query == {"$nor": [{"name": "bar"}]}
 
         q1 = {"$or": [{"a": 1}, {"b": 1}]}
         query = Foo.objects(Q(__raw__=q1) & Q(c=1))._query
-        self.assertEqual(query, {"$or": [{"a": 1}, {"b": 1}], "c": 1})
+        assert query == {"$or": [{"a": 1}, {"b": 1}], "c": 1}
 
     def test_raw_and_merging(self):
         class Doc(Document):
@@ -200,51 +194,39 @@ class TestTransform(unittest.TestCase):
             }
         )._query
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert raw_query == {
-            raw_query,
-            {
             "deleted": False,
             "scraped": "yes",
-                "$nor": [
+            "$nor": [{"views.extracted": "no"}, {"attachments.views.extracted": "no"}],
-                    {"views.extracted": "no"},
+        }
-                    {"attachments.views.extracted": "no"},
-                ],
-            },
-        )
 
     def test_geojson_PointField(self):
         class Location(Document):
             loc = PointField()
 
         update = transform.update(Location, set__loc=[1, 2])
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert update == {"$set": {"loc": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1, 2]}}}
-            update, {"$set": {"loc": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1, 2]}}}
-        )
 
         update = transform.update(
             Location, set__loc={"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1, 2]}
         )
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert update == {"$set": {"loc": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1, 2]}}}
-            update, {"$set": {"loc": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1, 2]}}}
-        )
 
     def test_geojson_LineStringField(self):
         class Location(Document):
             line = LineStringField()
 
         update = transform.update(Location, set__line=[[1, 2], [2, 2]])
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert update == {
-            update,
+            "$set": {"line": {"type": "LineString", "coordinates": [[1, 2], [2, 2]]}}
-            {"$set": {"line": {"type": "LineString", "coordinates": [[1, 2], [2, 2]]}}},
+        }
-        )
 
         update = transform.update(
             Location, set__line={"type": "LineString", "coordinates": [[1, 2], [2, 2]]}
         )
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert update == {
-            update,
+            "$set": {"line": {"type": "LineString", "coordinates": [[1, 2], [2, 2]]}}
-            {"$set": {"line": {"type": "LineString", "coordinates": [[1, 2], [2, 2]]}}},
+        }
-        )
 
     def test_geojson_PolygonField(self):
         class Location(Document):
@@ -253,17 +235,14 @@ class TestTransform(unittest.TestCase):
         update = transform.update(
             Location, set__poly=[[[40, 5], [40, 6], [41, 6], [40, 5]]]
         )
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert update == {
-            update,
-            {
             "$set": {
                 "poly": {
                     "type": "Polygon",
                     "coordinates": [[[40, 5], [40, 6], [41, 6], [40, 5]]],
                 }
             }
-            },
+        }
-        )
 
         update = transform.update(
             Location,
@@ -272,17 +251,14 @@ class TestTransform(unittest.TestCase):
                 "coordinates": [[[40, 5], [40, 6], [41, 6], [40, 5]]],
             },
         )
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert update == {
-            update,
-            {
             "$set": {
                 "poly": {
                     "type": "Polygon",
                     "coordinates": [[[40, 5], [40, 6], [41, 6], [40, 5]]],
                 }
             }
-            },
+        }
-        )
 
     def test_type(self):
         class Doc(Document):
@@ -291,10 +267,10 @@ class TestTransform(unittest.TestCase):
         Doc(df=True).save()
         Doc(df=7).save()
         Doc(df="df").save()
-        self.assertEqual(Doc.objects(df__type=1).count(), 0)  # double
+        assert Doc.objects(df__type=1).count() == 0  # double
-        self.assertEqual(Doc.objects(df__type=8).count(), 1)  # bool
+        assert Doc.objects(df__type=8).count() == 1  # bool
-        self.assertEqual(Doc.objects(df__type=2).count(), 1)  # str
+        assert Doc.objects(df__type=2).count() == 1  # str
-        self.assertEqual(Doc.objects(df__type=16).count(), 1)  # int
+        assert Doc.objects(df__type=16).count() == 1  # int
 
     def test_last_field_name_like_operator(self):
         class EmbeddedItem(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -309,12 +285,12 @@ class TestTransform(unittest.TestCase):
         doc = Doc(item=EmbeddedItem(type="axe", name="Heroic axe"))
         doc.save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(1, Doc.objects(item__type__="axe").count())
+        assert 1 == Doc.objects(item__type__="axe").count()
-        self.assertEqual(1, Doc.objects(item__name__="Heroic axe").count())
+        assert 1 == Doc.objects(item__name__="Heroic axe").count()
 
         Doc.objects(id=doc.id).update(set__item__type__="sword")
-        self.assertEqual(1, Doc.objects(item__type__="sword").count())
+        assert 1 == Doc.objects(item__type__="sword").count()
-        self.assertEqual(0, Doc.objects(item__type__="axe").count())
+        assert 0 == Doc.objects(item__type__="axe").count()
 
     def test_understandable_error_raised(self):
         class Event(Document):
@@ -324,7 +300,7 @@ class TestTransform(unittest.TestCase):
         box = [(35.0, -125.0), (40.0, -100.0)]
         # I *meant* to execute location__within_box=box
         events = Event.objects(location__within=box)
-        with self.assertRaises(InvalidQueryError):
+        with pytest.raises(InvalidQueryError):
             events.count()
 
     def test_update_pull_for_list_fields(self):
@@ -347,24 +323,20 @@ class TestTransform(unittest.TestCase):
 
         word = Word(word="abc", index=1)
         update = transform.update(MainDoc, pull__content__text=word)
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert update == {
-            update, {"$pull": {"content.text": SON([("word", u"abc"), ("index", 1)])}}
+            "$pull": {"content.text": SON([("word", u"abc"), ("index", 1)])}
-        )
+        }
 
         update = transform.update(MainDoc, pull__content__heading="xyz")
-        self.assertEqual(update, {"$pull": {"content.heading": "xyz"}})
+        assert update == {"$pull": {"content.heading": "xyz"}}
 
         update = transform.update(MainDoc, pull__content__text__word__in=["foo", "bar"])
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert update == {"$pull": {"content.text": {"word": {"$in": ["foo", "bar"]}}}}
-            update, {"$pull": {"content.text": {"word": {"$in": ["foo", "bar"]}}}}
-        )
 
         update = transform.update(
             MainDoc, pull__content__text__word__nin=["foo", "bar"]
         )
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert update == {"$pull": {"content.text": {"word": {"$nin": ["foo", "bar"]}}}}
-            update, {"$pull": {"content.text": {"word": {"$nin": ["foo", "bar"]}}}}
-        )
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

tests/queryset/test_visitor.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import re
 import unittest
 
 from bson import ObjectId
+import pytest
 
 from mongoengine import *
 from mongoengine.errors import InvalidQueryError
@@ -35,10 +36,10 @@ class TestQ(unittest.TestCase):
             age = IntField()
 
         query = {"$or": [{"age": {"$gte": 18}}, {"name": "test"}]}
-        self.assertEqual((q1 | q2 | q3 | q4 | q5).to_query(Person), query)
+        assert (q1 | q2 | q3 | q4 | q5).to_query(Person) == query
 
         query = {"age": {"$gte": 18}, "name": "test"}
-        self.assertEqual((q1 & q2 & q3 & q4 & q5).to_query(Person), query)
+        assert (q1 & q2 & q3 & q4 & q5).to_query(Person) == query
 
     def test_q_with_dbref(self):
         """Ensure Q objects handle DBRefs correctly"""
@@ -53,8 +54,8 @@ class TestQ(unittest.TestCase):
         user = User.objects.create()
         Post.objects.create(created_user=user)
 
-        self.assertEqual(Post.objects.filter(created_user=user).count(), 1)
+        assert Post.objects.filter(created_user=user).count() == 1
-        self.assertEqual(Post.objects.filter(Q(created_user=user)).count(), 1)
+        assert Post.objects.filter(Q(created_user=user)).count() == 1
 
     def test_and_combination(self):
         """Ensure that Q-objects correctly AND together.
@@ -65,12 +66,10 @@ class TestQ(unittest.TestCase):
             y = StringField()
 
         query = (Q(x__lt=7) & Q(x__lt=3)).to_query(TestDoc)
-        self.assertEqual(query, {"$and": [{"x": {"$lt": 7}}, {"x": {"$lt": 3}}]})
+        assert query == {"$and": [{"x": {"$lt": 7}}, {"x": {"$lt": 3}}]}
 
         query = (Q(y="a") & Q(x__lt=7) & Q(x__lt=3)).to_query(TestDoc)
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert query == {"$and": [{"y": "a"}, {"x": {"$lt": 7}}, {"x": {"$lt": 3}}]}
-            query, {"$and": [{"y": "a"}, {"x": {"$lt": 7}}, {"x": {"$lt": 3}}]}
-        )
 
         # Check normal cases work without an error
         query = Q(x__lt=7) & Q(x__gt=3)
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ class TestQ(unittest.TestCase):
         q1 = Q(x__lt=7)
         q2 = Q(x__gt=3)
         query = (q1 & q2).to_query(TestDoc)
-        self.assertEqual(query, {"x": {"$lt": 7, "$gt": 3}})
+        assert query == {"x": {"$lt": 7, "$gt": 3}}
 
         # More complex nested example
         query = Q(x__lt=100) & Q(y__ne="NotMyString")
@@ -87,7 +86,7 @@ class TestQ(unittest.TestCase):
             "x": {"$lt": 100, "$gt": -100},
             "y": {"$ne": "NotMyString", "$in": ["a", "b", "c"]},
         }
-        self.assertEqual(query.to_query(TestDoc), mongo_query)
+        assert query.to_query(TestDoc) == mongo_query
 
     def test_or_combination(self):
         """Ensure that Q-objects correctly OR together.
@@ -99,7 +98,7 @@ class TestQ(unittest.TestCase):
         q1 = Q(x__lt=3)
         q2 = Q(x__gt=7)
         query = (q1 | q2).to_query(TestDoc)
-        self.assertEqual(query, {"$or": [{"x": {"$lt": 3}}, {"x": {"$gt": 7}}]})
+        assert query == {"$or": [{"x": {"$lt": 3}}, {"x": {"$gt": 7}}]}
 
     def test_and_or_combination(self):
         """Ensure that Q-objects handle ANDing ORed components.
@@ -113,15 +112,12 @@ class TestQ(unittest.TestCase):
 
         query = Q(x__gt=0) | Q(x__exists=False)
         query &= Q(x__lt=100)
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert query.to_query(TestDoc) == {
-            query.to_query(TestDoc),
-            {
             "$and": [
                 {"$or": [{"x": {"$gt": 0}}, {"x": {"$exists": False}}]},
                 {"x": {"$lt": 100}},
             ]
-            },
+        }
-        )
 
         q1 = Q(x__gt=0) | Q(x__exists=False)
         q2 = Q(x__lt=100) | Q(y=True)
@@ -131,16 +127,13 @@ class TestQ(unittest.TestCase):
         TestDoc(x=10).save()
         TestDoc(y=True).save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert query == {
-            query,
-            {
             "$and": [
                 {"$or": [{"x": {"$gt": 0}}, {"x": {"$exists": False}}]},
                 {"$or": [{"x": {"$lt": 100}}, {"y": True}]},
             ]
-            },
+        }
-        )
+        assert 2 == TestDoc.objects(q1 & q2).count()
-        self.assertEqual(2, TestDoc.objects(q1 & q2).count())
 
     def test_or_and_or_combination(self):
         """Ensure that Q-objects handle ORing ANDed ORed components. :)
@@ -160,9 +153,7 @@ class TestQ(unittest.TestCase):
         q2 = Q(x__lt=100) & (Q(y=False) | Q(y__exists=False))
         query = (q1 | q2).to_query(TestDoc)
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert query == {
-            query,
-            {
             "$or": [
                 {
                     "$and": [
@@ -177,9 +168,8 @@ class TestQ(unittest.TestCase):
                     ]
                 },
             ]
-            },
+        }
-        )
+        assert 2 == TestDoc.objects(q1 | q2).count()
-        self.assertEqual(2, TestDoc.objects(q1 | q2).count())
 
     def test_multiple_occurence_in_field(self):
         class Test(Document):
@@ -192,8 +182,8 @@ class TestQ(unittest.TestCase):
         q3 = q1 & q2
 
         query = q3.to_query(Test)
-        self.assertEqual(query["$and"][0], q1.to_query(Test))
+        assert query["$and"][0] == q1.to_query(Test)
-        self.assertEqual(query["$and"][1], q2.to_query(Test))
+        assert query["$and"][1] == q2.to_query(Test)
 
     def test_q_clone(self):
         class TestDoc(Document):
@@ -207,15 +197,15 @@ class TestQ(unittest.TestCase):
         # Check normal cases work without an error
         test = TestDoc.objects(Q(x__lt=7) & Q(x__gt=3))
 
-        self.assertEqual(test.count(), 3)
+        assert test.count() == 3
 
         test2 = test.clone()
-        self.assertEqual(test2.count(), 3)
+        assert test2.count() == 3
-        self.assertNotEqual(test2, test)
+        assert test2 != test
 
         test3 = test2.filter(x=6)
-        self.assertEqual(test3.count(), 1)
+        assert test3.count() == 1
-        self.assertEqual(test.count(), 3)
+        assert test.count() == 3
 
     def test_q(self):
         """Ensure that Q objects may be used to query for documents.
@@ -252,19 +242,19 @@ class TestQ(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # Check ObjectId lookup works
         obj = BlogPost.objects(id=post1.id).first()
-        self.assertEqual(obj, post1)
+        assert obj == post1
 
         # Check Q object combination with one does not exist
         q = BlogPost.objects(Q(title="Test 5") | Q(published=True))
         posts = [post.id for post in q]
 
         published_posts = (post2, post3)
-        self.assertTrue(all(obj.id in posts for obj in published_posts))
+        assert all(obj.id in posts for obj in published_posts)
 
         q = BlogPost.objects(Q(title="Test 1") | Q(published=True))
         posts = [post.id for post in q]
         published_posts = (post1, post2, post3, post5, post6)
-        self.assertTrue(all(obj.id in posts for obj in published_posts))
+        assert all(obj.id in posts for obj in published_posts)
 
         # Check Q object combination
         date = datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 10)
@@ -272,9 +262,9 @@ class TestQ(unittest.TestCase):
         posts = [post.id for post in q]
 
         published_posts = (post1, post2, post3, post4)
-        self.assertTrue(all(obj.id in posts for obj in published_posts))
+        assert all(obj.id in posts for obj in published_posts)
 
-        self.assertFalse(any(obj.id in posts for obj in [post5, post6]))
+        assert not any(obj.id in posts for obj in [post5, post6])
 
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
 
@@ -284,15 +274,15 @@ class TestQ(unittest.TestCase):
         self.Person(name="user3", age=30).save()
         self.Person(name="user4", age=40).save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(self.Person.objects(Q(age__in=[20])).count(), 2)
+        assert self.Person.objects(Q(age__in=[20])).count() == 2
-        self.assertEqual(self.Person.objects(Q(age__in=[20, 30])).count(), 3)
+        assert self.Person.objects(Q(age__in=[20, 30])).count() == 3
 
         # Test invalid query objs
-        with self.assertRaises(InvalidQueryError):
+        with pytest.raises(InvalidQueryError):
             self.Person.objects("user1")
 
         # filter should fail, too
-        with self.assertRaises(InvalidQueryError):
+        with pytest.raises(InvalidQueryError):
             self.Person.objects.filter("user1")
 
     def test_q_regex(self):
@@ -302,31 +292,31 @@ class TestQ(unittest.TestCase):
         person.save()
 
         obj = self.Person.objects(Q(name=re.compile("^Gui"))).first()
-        self.assertEqual(obj, person)
+        assert obj == person
         obj = self.Person.objects(Q(name=re.compile("^gui"))).first()
-        self.assertEqual(obj, None)
+        assert obj is None
 
         obj = self.Person.objects(Q(name=re.compile("^gui", re.I))).first()
-        self.assertEqual(obj, person)
+        assert obj == person
 
         obj = self.Person.objects(Q(name__not=re.compile("^bob"))).first()
-        self.assertEqual(obj, person)
+        assert obj == person
 
         obj = self.Person.objects(Q(name__not=re.compile("^Gui"))).first()
-        self.assertEqual(obj, None)
+        assert obj is None
 
     def test_q_repr(self):
-        self.assertEqual(repr(Q()), "Q(**{})")
+        assert repr(Q()) == "Q(**{})"
-        self.assertEqual(repr(Q(name="test")), "Q(**{'name': 'test'})")
+        assert repr(Q(name="test")) == "Q(**{'name': 'test'})"
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert (
-            repr(Q(name="test") & Q(age__gte=18)),
+            repr(Q(name="test") & Q(age__gte=18))
-            "(Q(**{'name': 'test'}) & Q(**{'age__gte': 18}))",
+            == "(Q(**{'name': 'test'}) & Q(**{'age__gte': 18}))"
         )
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert (
-            repr(Q(name="test") | Q(age__gte=18)),
+            repr(Q(name="test") | Q(age__gte=18))
-            "(Q(**{'name': 'test'}) | Q(**{'age__gte': 18}))",
+            == "(Q(**{'name': 'test'}) | Q(**{'age__gte': 18}))"
         )
 
     def test_q_lists(self):
@@ -341,8 +331,8 @@ class TestQ(unittest.TestCase):
         BlogPost(tags=["python", "mongo"]).save()
         BlogPost(tags=["python"]).save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects(Q(tags="mongo")).count(), 1)
+        assert BlogPost.objects(Q(tags="mongo")).count() == 1
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects(Q(tags="python")).count(), 2)
+        assert BlogPost.objects(Q(tags="python")).count() == 2
 
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
 
@@ -355,12 +345,12 @@ class TestQ(unittest.TestCase):
         pk = ObjectId()
         User(email="example@example.com", pk=pk).save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert (
-            1,
+            1
-            User.objects.filter(Q(email="example@example.com") | Q(name="John Doe"))
+            == User.objects.filter(Q(email="example@example.com") | Q(name="John Doe"))
             .limit(2)
             .filter(pk=pk)
-            .count(),
+            .count()
         )
 
     def test_chained_q_or_filtering(self):
@@ -376,16 +366,58 @@ class TestQ(unittest.TestCase):
         Item(postables=[Post(name="a"), Post(name="c")]).save()
         Item(postables=[Post(name="a"), Post(name="b"), Post(name="c")]).save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert (
-            Item.objects(Q(postables__name="a") & Q(postables__name="b")).count(), 2
+            Item.objects(Q(postables__name="a") & Q(postables__name="b")).count() == 2
         )
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert (
-            Item.objects.filter(postables__name="a")
+            Item.objects.filter(postables__name="a").filter(postables__name="b").count()
-            .filter(postables__name="b")
+            == 2
-            .count(),
-            2,
         )
 
+    def test_equality(self):
+        assert Q(name="John") == Q(name="John")
+        assert Q() == Q()
+
+    def test_inequality(self):
+        assert Q(name="John") != Q(name="Ralph")
+
+    def test_operation_equality(self):
+        q1 = Q(name="John") | Q(title="Sir") & Q(surname="Paul")
+        q2 = Q(name="John") | Q(title="Sir") & Q(surname="Paul")
+        assert q1 == q2
+
+    def test_operation_inequality(self):
+        q1 = Q(name="John") | Q(title="Sir")
+        q2 = Q(title="Sir") | Q(name="John")
+        assert q1 != q2
+
+    def test_combine_and_empty(self):
+        q = Q(x=1)
+        assert q & Q() == q
+        assert Q() & q == q
+
+    def test_combine_and_both_empty(self):
+        assert Q() & Q() == Q()
+
+    def test_combine_or_empty(self):
+        q = Q(x=1)
+        assert q | Q() == q
+        assert Q() | q == q
+
+    def test_combine_or_both_empty(self):
+        assert Q() | Q() == Q()
+
+    def test_q_bool(self):
+        assert Q(name="John")
+        assert not Q()
+
+    def test_combine_bool(self):
+        assert not Q() & Q()
+        assert Q() & Q(name="John")
+        assert Q(name="John") & Q()
+        assert Q() | Q(name="John")
+        assert Q(name="John") | Q()
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()

tests/test_ci.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+def test_ci_placeholder():
+    # This empty test is used within the CI to
+    # setup the tox venv without running the test suite
+    # if we simply skip all test with pytest -k=wrong_pattern
+    # pytest command would return with exit_code=5 (i.e "no tests run")
+    # making travis fail
+    # this empty test is the recommended way to handle this
+    # as described in https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/2393
+    pass

tests/test_common.py

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 import unittest
 
-from mongoengine.common import _import_class
+import pytest
+
 from mongoengine import Document
+from mongoengine.common import _import_class
 
 
-class TestCommon(unittest.TestCase):
+class TestCommon:
     def test__import_class(self):
         doc_cls = _import_class("Document")
-        self.assertIs(doc_cls, Document)
+        assert doc_cls is Document
 
     def test__import_class_raise_if_not_known(self):
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
             _import_class("UnknownClass")

tests/test_connection.py

@@ -1,35 +1,32 @@
 import datetime
 
-from pymongo import MongoClient
+from bson.tz_util import utc
-from pymongo.errors import OperationFailure, InvalidName
+import pymongo
-from pymongo import ReadPreference
 
-from mongoengine import Document
+from pymongo import MongoClient, ReadPreference
+from pymongo.errors import InvalidName, OperationFailure
+import pytest
 
 try:
     import unittest2 as unittest
 except ImportError:
     import unittest
-from nose.plugins.skip import SkipTest
 
-import pymongo
-from bson.tz_util import utc
-
-from mongoengine import (
-    connect,
-    register_connection,
-    Document,
-    DateTimeField,
-    disconnect_all,
-    StringField,
-)
 import mongoengine.connection
+from mongoengine import (
+    DateTimeField,
+    Document,
+    StringField,
+    connect,
+    disconnect_all,
+    register_connection,
+)
 from mongoengine.connection import (
     ConnectionFailure,
-    get_db,
-    get_connection,
-    disconnect,
     DEFAULT_DATABASE_NAME,
+    disconnect,
+    get_connection,
+    get_db,
 )
 
 
@@ -37,6 +34,18 @@ def get_tz_awareness(connection):
     return connection.codec_options.tz_aware
 
 
+try:
+    import mongomock
+
+    MONGOMOCK_INSTALLED = True
+except ImportError:
+    MONGOMOCK_INSTALLED = False
+
+require_mongomock = pytest.mark.skipif(
+    not MONGOMOCK_INSTALLED, reason="you need mongomock installed to run this testcase"
+)
+
+
 class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
@@ -56,15 +65,15 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         connect("mongoenginetest")
 
         conn = get_connection()
-        self.assertIsInstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
+        assert isinstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
 
         db = get_db()
-        self.assertIsInstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
+        assert isinstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
-        self.assertEqual(db.name, "mongoenginetest")
+        assert db.name == "mongoenginetest"
 
         connect("mongoenginetest2", alias="testdb")
         conn = get_connection("testdb")
-        self.assertIsInstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
+        assert isinstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
 
     def test_connect_disconnect_works_properly(self):
         class History1(Document):
@@ -84,31 +93,27 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         h = History1(name="default").save()
         h1 = History2(name="db1").save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert list(History1.objects().as_pymongo()) == [
-            list(History1.objects().as_pymongo()), [{"_id": h.id, "name": "default"}]
+            {"_id": h.id, "name": "default"}
-        )
+        ]
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert list(History2.objects().as_pymongo()) == [{"_id": h1.id, "name": "db1"}]
-            list(History2.objects().as_pymongo()), [{"_id": h1.id, "name": "db1"}]
-        )
 
         disconnect("db1")
         disconnect("db2")
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ConnectionFailure):
+        with pytest.raises(ConnectionFailure):
             list(History1.objects().as_pymongo())
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ConnectionFailure):
+        with pytest.raises(ConnectionFailure):
             list(History2.objects().as_pymongo())
 
         connect("db1", alias="db1")
         connect("db2", alias="db2")
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert list(History1.objects().as_pymongo()) == [
-            list(History1.objects().as_pymongo()), [{"_id": h.id, "name": "default"}]
+            {"_id": h.id, "name": "default"}
-        )
+        ]
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert list(History2.objects().as_pymongo()) == [{"_id": h1.id, "name": "db1"}]
-            list(History2.objects().as_pymongo()), [{"_id": h1.id, "name": "db1"}]
-        )
 
     def test_connect_different_documents_to_different_database(self):
         class History(Document):
@@ -134,68 +139,64 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         h1 = History1(name="db1").save()
         h2 = History2(name="db2").save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(History._collection.database.name, DEFAULT_DATABASE_NAME)
+        assert History._collection.database.name == DEFAULT_DATABASE_NAME
-        self.assertEqual(History1._collection.database.name, "db1")
+        assert History1._collection.database.name == "db1"
-        self.assertEqual(History2._collection.database.name, "db2")
+        assert History2._collection.database.name == "db2"
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert list(History.objects().as_pymongo()) == [
-            list(History.objects().as_pymongo()), [{"_id": h.id, "name": "default"}]
+            {"_id": h.id, "name": "default"}
-        )
+        ]
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert list(History1.objects().as_pymongo()) == [{"_id": h1.id, "name": "db1"}]
-            list(History1.objects().as_pymongo()), [{"_id": h1.id, "name": "db1"}]
+        assert list(History2.objects().as_pymongo()) == [{"_id": h2.id, "name": "db2"}]
-        )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            list(History2.objects().as_pymongo()), [{"_id": h2.id, "name": "db2"}]
-        )
 
     def test_connect_fails_if_connect_2_times_with_default_alias(self):
         connect("mongoenginetest")
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ConnectionFailure) as ctx_err:
+        with pytest.raises(ConnectionFailure) as exc_info:
             connect("mongoenginetest2")
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert (
-            "A different connection with alias `default` was already registered. Use disconnect() first",
+            "A different connection with alias `default` was already registered. Use disconnect() first"
-            str(ctx_err.exception),
+            == str(exc_info.value)
         )
 
     def test_connect_fails_if_connect_2_times_with_custom_alias(self):
         connect("mongoenginetest", alias="alias1")
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ConnectionFailure) as ctx_err:
+        with pytest.raises(ConnectionFailure) as exc_info:
             connect("mongoenginetest2", alias="alias1")
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert (
-            "A different connection with alias `alias1` was already registered. Use disconnect() first",
+            "A different connection with alias `alias1` was already registered. Use disconnect() first"
-            str(ctx_err.exception),
+            == str(exc_info.value)
         )
 
     def test_connect_fails_if_similar_connection_settings_arent_defined_the_same_way(
-        self
+        self,
     ):
         """Intended to keep the detecton function simple but robust"""
         db_name = "mongoenginetest"
         db_alias = "alias1"
         connect(db=db_name, alias=db_alias, host="localhost", port=27017)
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ConnectionFailure):
+        with pytest.raises(ConnectionFailure):
             connect(host="mongodb://localhost:27017/%s" % db_name, alias=db_alias)
 
     def test_connect_passes_silently_connect_multiple_times_with_same_config(self):
         # test default connection to `test`
         connect()
         connect()
-        self.assertEqual(len(mongoengine.connection._connections), 1)
+        assert len(mongoengine.connection._connections) == 1
         connect("test01", alias="test01")
         connect("test01", alias="test01")
-        self.assertEqual(len(mongoengine.connection._connections), 2)
+        assert len(mongoengine.connection._connections) == 2
         connect(host="mongodb://localhost:27017/mongoenginetest02", alias="test02")
         connect(host="mongodb://localhost:27017/mongoenginetest02", alias="test02")
-        self.assertEqual(len(mongoengine.connection._connections), 3)
+        assert len(mongoengine.connection._connections) == 3
 
     def test_connect_with_invalid_db_name(self):
         """Ensure that connect() method fails fast if db name is invalid
         """
-        with self.assertRaises(InvalidName):
+        with pytest.raises(InvalidName):
             connect("mongomock://localhost")
 
     def test_connect_with_db_name_external(self):
@@ -205,38 +206,34 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         connect("$external")
 
         conn = get_connection()
-        self.assertIsInstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
+        assert isinstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
 
         db = get_db()
-        self.assertIsInstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
+        assert isinstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
-        self.assertEqual(db.name, "$external")
+        assert db.name == "$external"
 
         connect("$external", alias="testdb")
         conn = get_connection("testdb")
-        self.assertIsInstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
+        assert isinstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
 
     def test_connect_with_invalid_db_name_type(self):
         """Ensure that connect() method fails fast if db name has invalid type
         """
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
             non_string_db_name = ["e. g. list instead of a string"]
             connect(non_string_db_name)
 
+    @require_mongomock
     def test_connect_in_mocking(self):
         """Ensure that the connect() method works properly in mocking.
         """
-        try:
-            import mongomock
-        except ImportError:
-            raise SkipTest("you need mongomock installed to run this testcase")
-
         connect("mongoenginetest", host="mongomock://localhost")
         conn = get_connection()
-        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
+        assert isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
         connect("mongoenginetest2", host="mongomock://localhost", alias="testdb2")
         conn = get_connection("testdb2")
-        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
+        assert isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
         connect(
             "mongoenginetest3",
@@ -245,11 +242,11 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
             alias="testdb3",
         )
         conn = get_connection("testdb3")
-        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
+        assert isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
         connect("mongoenginetest4", is_mock=True, alias="testdb4")
         conn = get_connection("testdb4")
-        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
+        assert isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
         connect(
             host="mongodb://localhost:27017/mongoenginetest5",
@@ -257,11 +254,11 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
             alias="testdb5",
         )
         conn = get_connection("testdb5")
-        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
+        assert isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
         connect(host="mongomock://localhost:27017/mongoenginetest6", alias="testdb6")
         conn = get_connection("testdb6")
-        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
+        assert isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
         connect(
             host="mongomock://localhost:27017/mongoenginetest7",
@@ -269,16 +266,12 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
             alias="testdb7",
         )
         conn = get_connection("testdb7")
-        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
+        assert isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
+    @require_mongomock
     def test_default_database_with_mocking(self):
         """Ensure that the default database is correctly set when using mongomock.
         """
-        try:
-            import mongomock
-        except ImportError:
-            raise SkipTest("you need mongomock installed to run this testcase")
-
         disconnect_all()
 
         class SomeDocument(Document):
@@ -288,37 +281,33 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         some_document = SomeDocument()
         # database won't exist until we save a document
         some_document.save()
-        self.assertEqual(conn.get_default_database().name, "mongoenginetest")
+        assert conn.get_default_database().name == "mongoenginetest"
-        self.assertEqual(conn.database_names()[0], "mongoenginetest")
+        assert conn.database_names()[0] == "mongoenginetest"
 
+    @require_mongomock
     def test_connect_with_host_list(self):
         """Ensure that the connect() method works when host is a list
 
         Uses mongomock to test w/o needing multiple mongod/mongos processes
         """
-        try:
-            import mongomock
-        except ImportError:
-            raise SkipTest("you need mongomock installed to run this testcase")
-
         connect(host=["mongomock://localhost"])
         conn = get_connection()
-        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
+        assert isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
         connect(host=["mongodb://localhost"], is_mock=True, alias="testdb2")
         conn = get_connection("testdb2")
-        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
+        assert isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
         connect(host=["localhost"], is_mock=True, alias="testdb3")
         conn = get_connection("testdb3")
-        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
+        assert isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
         connect(
             host=["mongomock://localhost:27017", "mongomock://localhost:27018"],
             alias="testdb4",
         )
         conn = get_connection("testdb4")
-        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
+        assert isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
         connect(
             host=["mongodb://localhost:27017", "mongodb://localhost:27018"],
@@ -326,13 +315,13 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
             alias="testdb5",
         )
         conn = get_connection("testdb5")
-        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
+        assert isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
         connect(
             host=["localhost:27017", "localhost:27018"], is_mock=True, alias="testdb6"
         )
         conn = get_connection("testdb6")
-        self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
+        assert isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
     def test_disconnect_cleans_globals(self):
         """Ensure that the disconnect() method cleans the globals objects"""
@@ -342,20 +331,20 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         connect("mongoenginetest")
 
-        self.assertEqual(len(connections), 1)
+        assert len(connections) == 1
-        self.assertEqual(len(dbs), 0)
+        assert len(dbs) == 0
-        self.assertEqual(len(connection_settings), 1)
+        assert len(connection_settings) == 1
 
         class TestDoc(Document):
             pass
 
         TestDoc.drop_collection()  # triggers the db
-        self.assertEqual(len(dbs), 1)
+        assert len(dbs) == 1
 
         disconnect()
-        self.assertEqual(len(connections), 0)
+        assert len(connections) == 0
-        self.assertEqual(len(dbs), 0)
+        assert len(dbs) == 0
-        self.assertEqual(len(connection_settings), 0)
+        assert len(connection_settings) == 0
 
     def test_disconnect_cleans_cached_collection_attribute_in_document(self):
         """Ensure that the disconnect() method works properly"""
@@ -364,22 +353,20 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         class History(Document):
             pass
 
-        self.assertIsNone(History._collection)
+        assert History._collection is None
 
         History.drop_collection()
 
         History.objects.first()  # will trigger the caching of _collection attribute
-        self.assertIsNotNone(History._collection)
+        assert History._collection is not None
 
         disconnect()
 
-        self.assertIsNone(History._collection)
+        assert History._collection is None
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ConnectionFailure) as ctx_err:
+        with pytest.raises(ConnectionFailure) as exc_info:
             History.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert "You have not defined a default connection" == str(exc_info.value)
-            "You have not defined a default connection", str(ctx_err.exception)
-        )
 
     def test_connect_disconnect_works_on_same_document(self):
         """Ensure that the connect/disconnect works properly with a single Document"""
@@ -401,7 +388,7 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         disconnect()
 
         # Make sure save doesnt work at this stage
-        with self.assertRaises(ConnectionFailure):
+        with pytest.raises(ConnectionFailure):
             User(name="Wont work").save()
 
         # Save in db2
@@ -410,13 +397,13 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         disconnect()
 
         db1_users = list(client[db1].user.find())
-        self.assertEqual(db1_users, [{"_id": user1.id, "name": "John is in db1"}])
+        assert db1_users == [{"_id": user1.id, "name": "John is in db1"}]
         db2_users = list(client[db2].user.find())
-        self.assertEqual(db2_users, [{"_id": user2.id, "name": "Bob is in db2"}])
+        assert db2_users == [{"_id": user2.id, "name": "Bob is in db2"}]
 
     def test_disconnect_silently_pass_if_alias_does_not_exist(self):
         connections = mongoengine.connection._connections
-        self.assertEqual(len(connections), 0)
+        assert len(connections) == 0
         disconnect(alias="not_exist")
 
     def test_disconnect_all(self):
@@ -439,26 +426,26 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         History1.drop_collection()
         History1.objects.first()
 
-        self.assertIsNotNone(History._collection)
+        assert History._collection is not None
-        self.assertIsNotNone(History1._collection)
+        assert History1._collection is not None
 
-        self.assertEqual(len(connections), 2)
+        assert len(connections) == 2
-        self.assertEqual(len(dbs), 2)
+        assert len(dbs) == 2
-        self.assertEqual(len(connection_settings), 2)
+        assert len(connection_settings) == 2
 
         disconnect_all()
 
-        self.assertIsNone(History._collection)
+        assert History._collection is None
-        self.assertIsNone(History1._collection)
+        assert History1._collection is None
 
-        self.assertEqual(len(connections), 0)
+        assert len(connections) == 0
-        self.assertEqual(len(dbs), 0)
+        assert len(dbs) == 0
-        self.assertEqual(len(connection_settings), 0)
+        assert len(connection_settings) == 0
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ConnectionFailure):
+        with pytest.raises(ConnectionFailure):
             History.objects.first()
 
-        with self.assertRaises(ConnectionFailure):
+        with pytest.raises(ConnectionFailure):
             History1.objects.first()
 
     def test_disconnect_all_silently_pass_if_no_connection_exist(self):
@@ -475,7 +462,7 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         expected_connection.server_info()
 
-        self.assertEqual(expected_connection, actual_connection)
+        assert expected_connection == actual_connection
 
     def test_connect_uri(self):
         """Ensure that the connect() method works properly with URIs."""
@@ -492,11 +479,11 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         )
 
         conn = get_connection()
-        self.assertIsInstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
+        assert isinstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
 
         db = get_db()
-        self.assertIsInstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
+        assert isinstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
-        self.assertEqual(db.name, "mongoenginetest")
+        assert db.name == "mongoenginetest"
 
         c.admin.system.users.delete_many({})
         c.mongoenginetest.system.users.delete_many({})
@@ -508,11 +495,11 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         connect("mongoenginetest", host="mongodb://localhost/")
 
         conn = get_connection()
-        self.assertIsInstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
+        assert isinstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
 
         db = get_db()
-        self.assertIsInstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
+        assert isinstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
-        self.assertEqual(db.name, "mongoenginetest")
+        assert db.name == "mongoenginetest"
 
     def test_connect_uri_default_db(self):
         """Ensure connect() defaults to the right database name if
@@ -521,11 +508,11 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         connect(host="mongodb://localhost/")
 
         conn = get_connection()
-        self.assertIsInstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
+        assert isinstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
 
         db = get_db()
-        self.assertIsInstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
+        assert isinstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
-        self.assertEqual(db.name, "test")
+        assert db.name == "test"
 
     def test_uri_without_credentials_doesnt_override_conn_settings(self):
         """Ensure connect() uses the username & password params if the URI
@@ -538,7 +525,8 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         # OperationFailure means that mongoengine attempted authentication
         # w/ the provided username/password and failed - that's the desired
         # behavior. If the MongoDB URI would override the credentials
-        self.assertRaises(OperationFailure, get_db)
+        with pytest.raises(OperationFailure):
+            get_db()
 
     def test_connect_uri_with_authsource(self):
         """Ensure that the connect() method works well with `authSource`
@@ -556,7 +544,8 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
             alias="test1",
             host="mongodb://username2:password@localhost/mongoenginetest",
         )
-        self.assertRaises(OperationFailure, test_conn.server_info)
+        with pytest.raises(OperationFailure):
+            test_conn.server_info()
 
         # Authentication succeeds with "authSource"
         authd_conn = connect(
@@ -568,8 +557,8 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
             ),
         )
         db = get_db("test2")
-        self.assertIsInstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
+        assert isinstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
-        self.assertEqual(db.name, "mongoenginetest")
+        assert db.name == "mongoenginetest"
 
         # Clear all users
         authd_conn.admin.system.users.delete_many({})
@@ -579,13 +568,14 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         """
         register_connection("testdb", "mongoenginetest2")
 
-        self.assertRaises(ConnectionFailure, get_connection)
+        with pytest.raises(ConnectionFailure):
+            get_connection()
         conn = get_connection("testdb")
-        self.assertIsInstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
+        assert isinstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
 
         db = get_db("testdb")
-        self.assertIsInstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
+        assert isinstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
-        self.assertEqual(db.name, "mongoenginetest2")
+        assert db.name == "mongoenginetest2"
 
     def test_register_connection_defaults(self):
         """Ensure that defaults are used when the host and port are None.
@@ -593,18 +583,18 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         register_connection("testdb", "mongoenginetest", host=None, port=None)
 
         conn = get_connection("testdb")
-        self.assertIsInstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
+        assert isinstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient)
 
     def test_connection_kwargs(self):
         """Ensure that connection kwargs get passed to pymongo."""
         connect("mongoenginetest", alias="t1", tz_aware=True)
         conn = get_connection("t1")
 
-        self.assertTrue(get_tz_awareness(conn))
+        assert get_tz_awareness(conn)
 
         connect("mongoenginetest2", alias="t2")
         conn = get_connection("t2")
-        self.assertFalse(get_tz_awareness(conn))
+        assert not get_tz_awareness(conn)
 
     def test_connection_pool_via_kwarg(self):
         """Ensure we can specify a max connection pool size using
@@ -615,7 +605,7 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         conn = connect(
             "mongoenginetest", alias="max_pool_size_via_kwarg", **pool_size_kwargs
         )
-        self.assertEqual(conn.max_pool_size, 100)
+        assert conn.max_pool_size == 100
 
     def test_connection_pool_via_uri(self):
         """Ensure we can specify a max connection pool size using
@@ -625,16 +615,18 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
             host="mongodb://localhost/test?maxpoolsize=100",
             alias="max_pool_size_via_uri",
         )
-        self.assertEqual(conn.max_pool_size, 100)
+        assert conn.max_pool_size == 100
 
     def test_write_concern(self):
         """Ensure write concern can be specified in connect() via
         a kwarg or as part of the connection URI.
         """
-        conn1 = connect(alias="conn1", host="mongodb://localhost/testing?w=1&j=true")
+        conn1 = connect(
-        conn2 = connect("testing", alias="conn2", w=1, j=True)
+            alias="conn1", host="mongodb://localhost/testing?w=1&journal=true"
-        self.assertEqual(conn1.write_concern.document, {"w": 1, "j": True})
+        )
-        self.assertEqual(conn2.write_concern.document, {"w": 1, "j": True})
+        conn2 = connect("testing", alias="conn2", w=1, journal=True)
+        assert conn1.write_concern.document == {"w": 1, "j": True}
+        assert conn2.write_concern.document == {"w": 1, "j": True}
 
     def test_connect_with_replicaset_via_uri(self):
         """Ensure connect() works when specifying a replicaSet via the
@@ -642,18 +634,18 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         """
         c = connect(host="mongodb://localhost/test?replicaSet=local-rs")
         db = get_db()
-        self.assertIsInstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
+        assert isinstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
-        self.assertEqual(db.name, "test")
+        assert db.name == "test"
 
     def test_connect_with_replicaset_via_kwargs(self):
         """Ensure connect() works when specifying a replicaSet via the
         connection kwargs
         """
         c = connect(replicaset="local-rs")
-        self.assertEqual(c._MongoClient__options.replica_set_name, "local-rs")
+        assert c._MongoClient__options.replica_set_name == "local-rs"
         db = get_db()
-        self.assertIsInstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
+        assert isinstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
-        self.assertEqual(db.name, "test")
+        assert db.name == "test"
 
     def test_connect_tz_aware(self):
         connect("mongoenginetest", tz_aware=True)
@@ -666,13 +658,13 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         DateDoc(the_date=d).save()
 
         date_doc = DateDoc.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(d, date_doc.the_date)
+        assert d == date_doc.the_date
 
     def test_read_preference_from_parse(self):
         conn = connect(
             host="mongodb://a1.vpc,a2.vpc,a3.vpc/prod?readPreference=secondaryPreferred"
         )
-        self.assertEqual(conn.read_preference, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
+        assert conn.read_preference == ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED
 
     def test_multiple_connection_settings(self):
         connect("mongoenginetest", alias="t1", host="localhost")
@@ -680,27 +672,27 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         connect("mongoenginetest2", alias="t2", host="127.0.0.1")
 
         mongo_connections = mongoengine.connection._connections
-        self.assertEqual(len(mongo_connections.items()), 2)
+        assert len(mongo_connections.items()) == 2
-        self.assertIn("t1", mongo_connections.keys())
+        assert "t1" in mongo_connections.keys()
-        self.assertIn("t2", mongo_connections.keys())
+        assert "t2" in mongo_connections.keys()
 
         # Handle PyMongo 3+ Async Connection
         # Ensure we are connected, throws ServerSelectionTimeoutError otherwise.
         # Purposely not catching exception to fail test if thrown.
         mongo_connections["t1"].server_info()
         mongo_connections["t2"].server_info()
-        self.assertEqual(mongo_connections["t1"].address[0], "localhost")
+        assert mongo_connections["t1"].address[0] == "localhost"
-        self.assertEqual(mongo_connections["t2"].address[0], "127.0.0.1")
+        assert mongo_connections["t2"].address[0] == "127.0.0.1"
 
     def test_connect_2_databases_uses_same_client_if_only_dbname_differs(self):
         c1 = connect(alias="testdb1", db="testdb1")
         c2 = connect(alias="testdb2", db="testdb2")
-        self.assertIs(c1, c2)
+        assert c1 is c2
 
     def test_connect_2_databases_uses_different_client_if_different_parameters(self):
         c1 = connect(alias="testdb1", db="testdb1", username="u1")
         c2 = connect(alias="testdb2", db="testdb2", username="u2")
-        self.assertIsNot(c1, c2)
+        assert c1 is not c2
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

tests/test_context_managers.py

@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
 import unittest
 
+import pytest
+
 from mongoengine import *
 from mongoengine.connection import get_db
 from mongoengine.context_managers import (
-    switch_db,
-    switch_collection,
-    no_sub_classes,
     no_dereference,
+    no_sub_classes,
     query_counter,
+    switch_collection,
+    switch_db,
 )
 from mongoengine.pymongo_support import count_documents
 
 
-class ContextManagersTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class TestContextManagers:
     def test_switch_db_context_manager(self):
         connect("mongoenginetest")
         register_connection("testdb-1", "mongoenginetest2")
@@ -23,20 +25,20 @@ class ContextManagersTest(unittest.TestCase):
         Group.drop_collection()
 
         Group(name="hello - default").save()
-        self.assertEqual(1, Group.objects.count())
+        assert 1 == Group.objects.count()
 
         with switch_db(Group, "testdb-1") as Group:
 
-            self.assertEqual(0, Group.objects.count())
+            assert 0 == Group.objects.count()
 
             Group(name="hello").save()
 
-            self.assertEqual(1, Group.objects.count())
+            assert 1 == Group.objects.count()
 
             Group.drop_collection()
-            self.assertEqual(0, Group.objects.count())
+            assert 0 == Group.objects.count()
 
-        self.assertEqual(1, Group.objects.count())
+        assert 1 == Group.objects.count()
 
     def test_switch_collection_context_manager(self):
         connect("mongoenginetest")
@@ -51,20 +53,20 @@ class ContextManagersTest(unittest.TestCase):
             Group.drop_collection()  # drops in group1
 
         Group(name="hello - group").save()
-        self.assertEqual(1, Group.objects.count())
+        assert 1 == Group.objects.count()
 
         with switch_collection(Group, "group1") as Group:
 
-            self.assertEqual(0, Group.objects.count())
+            assert 0 == Group.objects.count()
 
             Group(name="hello - group1").save()
 
-            self.assertEqual(1, Group.objects.count())
+            assert 1 == Group.objects.count()
 
             Group.drop_collection()
-            self.assertEqual(0, Group.objects.count())
+            assert 0 == Group.objects.count()
 
-        self.assertEqual(1, Group.objects.count())
+        assert 1 == Group.objects.count()
 
     def test_no_dereference_context_manager_object_id(self):
         """Ensure that DBRef items in ListFields aren't dereferenced.
@@ -89,20 +91,20 @@ class ContextManagersTest(unittest.TestCase):
         Group(ref=user, members=User.objects, generic=user).save()
 
         with no_dereference(Group) as NoDeRefGroup:
-            self.assertTrue(Group._fields["members"]._auto_dereference)
+            assert Group._fields["members"]._auto_dereference
-            self.assertFalse(NoDeRefGroup._fields["members"]._auto_dereference)
+            assert not NoDeRefGroup._fields["members"]._auto_dereference
 
         with no_dereference(Group) as Group:
             group = Group.objects.first()
             for m in group.members:
-                self.assertNotIsInstance(m, User)
+                assert not isinstance(m, User)
-            self.assertNotIsInstance(group.ref, User)
+            assert not isinstance(group.ref, User)
-            self.assertNotIsInstance(group.generic, User)
+            assert not isinstance(group.generic, User)
 
         for m in group.members:
-            self.assertIsInstance(m, User)
+            assert isinstance(m, User)
-        self.assertIsInstance(group.ref, User)
+        assert isinstance(group.ref, User)
-        self.assertIsInstance(group.generic, User)
+        assert isinstance(group.generic, User)
 
     def test_no_dereference_context_manager_dbref(self):
         """Ensure that DBRef items in ListFields aren't dereferenced.
@@ -127,18 +129,18 @@ class ContextManagersTest(unittest.TestCase):
         Group(ref=user, members=User.objects, generic=user).save()
 
         with no_dereference(Group) as NoDeRefGroup:
-            self.assertTrue(Group._fields["members"]._auto_dereference)
+            assert Group._fields["members"]._auto_dereference
-            self.assertFalse(NoDeRefGroup._fields["members"]._auto_dereference)
+            assert not NoDeRefGroup._fields["members"]._auto_dereference
 
         with no_dereference(Group) as Group:
             group = Group.objects.first()
-            self.assertTrue(all([not isinstance(m, User) for m in group.members]))
+            assert all([not isinstance(m, User) for m in group.members])
-            self.assertNotIsInstance(group.ref, User)
+            assert not isinstance(group.ref, User)
-            self.assertNotIsInstance(group.generic, User)
+            assert not isinstance(group.generic, User)
 
-        self.assertTrue(all([isinstance(m, User) for m in group.members]))
+        assert all([isinstance(m, User) for m in group.members])
-        self.assertIsInstance(group.ref, User)
+        assert isinstance(group.ref, User)
-        self.assertIsInstance(group.generic, User)
+        assert isinstance(group.generic, User)
 
     def test_no_sub_classes(self):
         class A(Document):
@@ -159,32 +161,32 @@ class ContextManagersTest(unittest.TestCase):
         B(x=30).save()
         C(x=40).save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(A.objects.count(), 5)
+        assert A.objects.count() == 5
-        self.assertEqual(B.objects.count(), 3)
+        assert B.objects.count() == 3
-        self.assertEqual(C.objects.count(), 1)
+        assert C.objects.count() == 1
 
         with no_sub_classes(A):
-            self.assertEqual(A.objects.count(), 2)
+            assert A.objects.count() == 2
 
             for obj in A.objects:
-                self.assertEqual(obj.__class__, A)
+                assert obj.__class__ == A
 
         with no_sub_classes(B):
-            self.assertEqual(B.objects.count(), 2)
+            assert B.objects.count() == 2
 
             for obj in B.objects:
-                self.assertEqual(obj.__class__, B)
+                assert obj.__class__ == B
 
         with no_sub_classes(C):
-            self.assertEqual(C.objects.count(), 1)
+            assert C.objects.count() == 1
 
             for obj in C.objects:
-                self.assertEqual(obj.__class__, C)
+                assert obj.__class__ == C
 
         # Confirm context manager exit correctly
-        self.assertEqual(A.objects.count(), 5)
+        assert A.objects.count() == 5
-        self.assertEqual(B.objects.count(), 3)
+        assert B.objects.count() == 3
-        self.assertEqual(C.objects.count(), 1)
+        assert C.objects.count() == 1
 
     def test_no_sub_classes_modification_to_document_class_are_temporary(self):
         class A(Document):
@@ -194,27 +196,26 @@ class ContextManagersTest(unittest.TestCase):
         class B(A):
             z = IntField()
 
-        self.assertEqual(A._subclasses, ("A", "A.B"))
+        assert A._subclasses == ("A", "A.B")
         with no_sub_classes(A):
-            self.assertEqual(A._subclasses, ("A",))
+            assert A._subclasses == ("A",)
-        self.assertEqual(A._subclasses, ("A", "A.B"))
+        assert A._subclasses == ("A", "A.B")
 
-        self.assertEqual(B._subclasses, ("A.B",))
+        assert B._subclasses == ("A.B",)
         with no_sub_classes(B):
-            self.assertEqual(B._subclasses, ("A.B",))
+            assert B._subclasses == ("A.B",)
-        self.assertEqual(B._subclasses, ("A.B",))
+        assert B._subclasses == ("A.B",)
 
     def test_no_subclass_context_manager_does_not_swallow_exception(self):
         class User(Document):
             name = StringField()
 
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
             with no_sub_classes(User):
                 raise TypeError()
 
     def test_query_counter_does_not_swallow_exception(self):
-
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
             with query_counter() as q:
                 raise TypeError()
 
@@ -227,10 +228,10 @@ class ContextManagersTest(unittest.TestCase):
         try:
             NEW_LEVEL = 1
             db.set_profiling_level(NEW_LEVEL)
-            self.assertEqual(db.profiling_level(), NEW_LEVEL)
+            assert db.profiling_level() == NEW_LEVEL
             with query_counter() as q:
-                self.assertEqual(db.profiling_level(), 2)
+                assert db.profiling_level() == 2
-            self.assertEqual(db.profiling_level(), NEW_LEVEL)
+            assert db.profiling_level() == NEW_LEVEL
         except Exception:
             db.set_profiling_level(
                 initial_profiling_level
@@ -255,33 +256,77 @@ class ContextManagersTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         counter = 0
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, counter)
+            assert q == counter
-            self.assertEqual(
+            assert q == counter  # Ensures previous count query did not get counted
-                q, counter
-            )  # Ensures previous count query did not get counted
 
             for _ in range(10):
                 issue_1_insert_query()
                 counter += 1
-            self.assertEqual(q, counter)
+            assert q == counter
 
             for _ in range(4):
                 issue_1_find_query()
                 counter += 1
-            self.assertEqual(q, counter)
+            assert q == counter
 
             for _ in range(3):
                 issue_1_count_query()
                 counter += 1
-            self.assertEqual(q, counter)
+            assert q == counter
 
-            self.assertEqual(int(q), counter)  # test __int__
+            assert int(q) == counter  # test __int__
-            self.assertEqual(repr(q), str(int(q)))  # test __repr__
+            assert repr(q) == str(int(q))  # test __repr__
-            self.assertGreater(q, -1)  # test __gt__
+            assert q > -1  # test __gt__
-            self.assertGreaterEqual(q, int(q))  # test __gte__
+            assert q >= int(q)  # test __gte__
-            self.assertNotEqual(q, -1)
+            assert q != -1
-            self.assertLess(q, 1000)
+            assert q < 1000
-            self.assertLessEqual(q, int(q))
+            assert q <= int(q)
+
+    def test_query_counter_alias(self):
+        """query_counter works properly with db aliases?"""
+        # Register a connection with db_alias testdb-1
+        register_connection("testdb-1", "mongoenginetest2")
+
+        class A(Document):
+            """Uses default db_alias"""
+
+            name = StringField()
+
+        class B(Document):
+            """Uses testdb-1 db_alias"""
+
+            name = StringField()
+            meta = {"db_alias": "testdb-1"}
+
+        A.drop_collection()
+        B.drop_collection()
+
+        with query_counter() as q:
+            assert q == 0
+            A.objects.create(name="A")
+            assert q == 1
+            a = A.objects.first()
+            assert q == 2
+            a.name = "Test A"
+            a.save()
+            assert q == 3
+            # querying the other db should'nt alter the counter
+            B.objects().first()
+            assert q == 3
+
+        with query_counter(alias="testdb-1") as q:
+            assert q == 0
+            B.objects.create(name="B")
+            assert q == 1
+            b = B.objects.first()
+            assert q == 2
+            b.name = "Test B"
+            b.save()
+            assert b.name == "Test B"
+            assert q == 3
+            # querying the other db should'nt alter the counter
+            A.objects().first()
+            assert q == 3
 
     def test_query_counter_counts_getmore_queries(self):
         connect("mongoenginetest")
@@ -296,9 +341,9 @@ class ContextManagersTest(unittest.TestCase):
         )  # first batch of documents contains 101 documents
 
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
             list(collection.find())
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)  # 1st select + 1 getmore
+            assert q == 2  # 1st select + 1 getmore
 
     def test_query_counter_ignores_particular_queries(self):
         connect("mongoenginetest")
@@ -308,18 +353,18 @@ class ContextManagersTest(unittest.TestCase):
         collection.insert_many([{"test": "garbage %s" % i} for i in range(10)])
 
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
             cursor = collection.find()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)  # cursor wasn't opened yet
+            assert q == 0  # cursor wasn't opened yet
             _ = next(cursor)  # opens the cursor and fires the find query
-            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
+            assert q == 1
 
             cursor.close()  # issues a `killcursors` query that is ignored by the context
-            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
+            assert q == 1
             _ = (
                 db.system.indexes.find_one()
             )  # queries on db.system.indexes are ignored as well
-            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
+            assert q == 1
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

tests/test_datastructures.py

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 import unittest
+
+import pytest
 from six import iterkeys
 
 from mongoengine import Document
-from mongoengine.base.datastructures import StrictDict, BaseList, BaseDict
+from mongoengine.base.datastructures import BaseDict, BaseList, StrictDict
 
 
 class DocumentStub(object):
@@ -13,15 +15,15 @@ class DocumentStub(object):
         self._changed_fields.append(key)
 
 
-class TestBaseDict(unittest.TestCase):
+class TestBaseDict:
     @staticmethod
     def _get_basedict(dict_items):
         """Get a BaseList bound to a fake document instance"""
         fake_doc = DocumentStub()
         base_list = BaseDict(dict_items, instance=None, name="my_name")
         base_list._instance = (
-            fake_doc
+            fake_doc  # hack to inject the mock, it does not work in the constructor
-        )  # hack to inject the mock, it does not work in the constructor
+        )
         return base_list
 
     def test___init___(self):
@@ -31,48 +33,48 @@ class TestBaseDict(unittest.TestCase):
         dict_items = {"k": "v"}
         doc = MyDoc()
         base_dict = BaseDict(dict_items, instance=doc, name="my_name")
-        self.assertIsInstance(base_dict._instance, Document)
+        assert isinstance(base_dict._instance, Document)
-        self.assertEqual(base_dict._name, "my_name")
+        assert base_dict._name == "my_name"
-        self.assertEqual(base_dict, dict_items)
+        assert base_dict == dict_items
 
     def test_setdefault_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
         base_dict = self._get_basedict({})
         base_dict.setdefault("k", "v")
-        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, [base_dict._name])
+        assert base_dict._instance._changed_fields == [base_dict._name]
 
     def test_popitems_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
         base_dict = self._get_basedict({"k": "v"})
-        self.assertEqual(base_dict.popitem(), ("k", "v"))
+        assert base_dict.popitem() == ("k", "v")
-        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, [base_dict._name])
+        assert base_dict._instance._changed_fields == [base_dict._name]
-        self.assertFalse(base_dict)
+        assert not base_dict
 
     def test_pop_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
         base_dict = self._get_basedict({"k": "v"})
-        self.assertEqual(base_dict.pop("k"), "v")
+        assert base_dict.pop("k") == "v"
-        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, [base_dict._name])
+        assert base_dict._instance._changed_fields == [base_dict._name]
-        self.assertFalse(base_dict)
+        assert not base_dict
 
     def test_pop_calls_does_not_mark_as_changed_when_it_fails(self):
         base_dict = self._get_basedict({"k": "v"})
-        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+        with pytest.raises(KeyError):
             base_dict.pop("X")
-        self.assertFalse(base_dict._instance._changed_fields)
+        assert not base_dict._instance._changed_fields
 
     def test_clear_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
         base_dict = self._get_basedict({"k": "v"})
         base_dict.clear()
-        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name"])
+        assert base_dict._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name"]
-        self.assertEqual(base_dict, {})
+        assert base_dict == {}
 
     def test___delitem___calls_mark_as_changed(self):
         base_dict = self._get_basedict({"k": "v"})
         del base_dict["k"]
-        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name.k"])
+        assert base_dict._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name.k"]
-        self.assertEqual(base_dict, {})
+        assert base_dict == {}
 
     def test___getitem____KeyError(self):
         base_dict = self._get_basedict({})
-        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+        with pytest.raises(KeyError):
             base_dict["new"]
 
     def test___getitem____simple_value(self):
@@ -82,62 +84,62 @@ class TestBaseDict(unittest.TestCase):
     def test___getitem____sublist_gets_converted_to_BaseList(self):
         base_dict = self._get_basedict({"k": [0, 1, 2]})
         sub_list = base_dict["k"]
-        self.assertEqual(sub_list, [0, 1, 2])
+        assert sub_list == [0, 1, 2]
-        self.assertIsInstance(sub_list, BaseList)
+        assert isinstance(sub_list, BaseList)
-        self.assertIs(sub_list._instance, base_dict._instance)
+        assert sub_list._instance is base_dict._instance
-        self.assertEqual(sub_list._name, "my_name.k")
+        assert sub_list._name == "my_name.k"
-        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, [])
+        assert base_dict._instance._changed_fields == []
 
         # Challenge mark_as_changed from sublist
         sub_list[1] = None
-        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name.k.1"])
+        assert base_dict._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name.k.1"]
 
     def test___getitem____subdict_gets_converted_to_BaseDict(self):
         base_dict = self._get_basedict({"k": {"subk": "subv"}})
         sub_dict = base_dict["k"]
-        self.assertEqual(sub_dict, {"subk": "subv"})
+        assert sub_dict == {"subk": "subv"}
-        self.assertIsInstance(sub_dict, BaseDict)
+        assert isinstance(sub_dict, BaseDict)
-        self.assertIs(sub_dict._instance, base_dict._instance)
+        assert sub_dict._instance is base_dict._instance
-        self.assertEqual(sub_dict._name, "my_name.k")
+        assert sub_dict._name == "my_name.k"
-        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, [])
+        assert base_dict._instance._changed_fields == []
 
         # Challenge mark_as_changed from subdict
         sub_dict["subk"] = None
-        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name.k.subk"])
+        assert base_dict._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name.k.subk"]
 
     def test_get_sublist_gets_converted_to_BaseList_just_like__getitem__(self):
         base_dict = self._get_basedict({"k": [0, 1, 2]})
         sub_list = base_dict.get("k")
-        self.assertEqual(sub_list, [0, 1, 2])
+        assert sub_list == [0, 1, 2]
-        self.assertIsInstance(sub_list, BaseList)
+        assert isinstance(sub_list, BaseList)
 
     def test_get_returns_the_same_as___getitem__(self):
         base_dict = self._get_basedict({"k": [0, 1, 2]})
         get_ = base_dict.get("k")
         getitem_ = base_dict["k"]
-        self.assertEqual(get_, getitem_)
+        assert get_ == getitem_
 
     def test_get_default(self):
         base_dict = self._get_basedict({})
         sentinel = object()
-        self.assertEqual(base_dict.get("new"), None)
+        assert base_dict.get("new") is None
-        self.assertIs(base_dict.get("new", sentinel), sentinel)
+        assert base_dict.get("new", sentinel) is sentinel
 
     def test___setitem___calls_mark_as_changed(self):
         base_dict = self._get_basedict({})
         base_dict["k"] = "v"
-        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name.k"])
+        assert base_dict._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name.k"]
-        self.assertEqual(base_dict, {"k": "v"})
+        assert base_dict == {"k": "v"}
 
     def test_update_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
         base_dict = self._get_basedict({})
         base_dict.update({"k": "v"})
-        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name"])
+        assert base_dict._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name"]
 
     def test___setattr____not_tracked_by_changes(self):
         base_dict = self._get_basedict({})
         base_dict.a_new_attr = "test"
-        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, [])
+        assert base_dict._instance._changed_fields == []
 
     def test___delattr____tracked_by_changes(self):
         # This is probably a bug as __setattr__ is not tracked
@@ -146,18 +148,18 @@ class TestBaseDict(unittest.TestCase):
         base_dict = self._get_basedict({})
         base_dict.a_new_attr = "test"
         del base_dict.a_new_attr
-        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name.a_new_attr"])
+        assert base_dict._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name.a_new_attr"]
 
 
-class TestBaseList(unittest.TestCase):
+class TestBaseList:
     @staticmethod
     def _get_baselist(list_items):
         """Get a BaseList bound to a fake document instance"""
         fake_doc = DocumentStub()
         base_list = BaseList(list_items, instance=None, name="my_name")
         base_list._instance = (
-            fake_doc
+            fake_doc  # hack to inject the mock, it does not work in the constructor
-        )  # hack to inject the mock, it does not work in the constructor
+        )
         return base_list
 
     def test___init___(self):
@@ -167,14 +169,14 @@ class TestBaseList(unittest.TestCase):
         list_items = [True]
         doc = MyDoc()
         base_list = BaseList(list_items, instance=doc, name="my_name")
-        self.assertIsInstance(base_list._instance, Document)
+        assert isinstance(base_list._instance, Document)
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._name, "my_name")
+        assert base_list._name == "my_name"
-        self.assertEqual(base_list, list_items)
+        assert base_list == list_items
 
     def test___iter__(self):
         values = [True, False, True, False]
         base_list = BaseList(values, instance=None, name="my_name")
-        self.assertEqual(values, list(base_list))
+        assert values == list(base_list)
 
     def test___iter___allow_modification_while_iterating_withou_error(self):
         # regular list allows for this, thus this subclass must comply to that
@@ -185,9 +187,9 @@ class TestBaseList(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_append_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
         base_list = self._get_baselist([])
-        self.assertFalse(base_list._instance._changed_fields)
+        assert not base_list._instance._changed_fields
         base_list.append(True)
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name"])
+        assert base_list._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name"]
 
     def test_subclass_append(self):
         # Due to the way mark_as_changed_wrapper is implemented
@@ -200,85 +202,85 @@ class TestBaseList(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test___getitem__using_simple_index(self):
         base_list = self._get_baselist([0, 1, 2])
-        self.assertEqual(base_list[0], 0)
+        assert base_list[0] == 0
-        self.assertEqual(base_list[1], 1)
+        assert base_list[1] == 1
-        self.assertEqual(base_list[-1], 2)
+        assert base_list[-1] == 2
 
     def test___getitem__using_slice(self):
         base_list = self._get_baselist([0, 1, 2])
-        self.assertEqual(base_list[1:3], [1, 2])
+        assert base_list[1:3] == [1, 2]
-        self.assertEqual(base_list[0:3:2], [0, 2])
+        assert base_list[0:3:2] == [0, 2]
 
     def test___getitem___using_slice_returns_list(self):
         # Bug: using slice does not properly handles the instance
         # and mark_as_changed behaviour.
         base_list = self._get_baselist([0, 1, 2])
         sliced = base_list[1:3]
-        self.assertEqual(sliced, [1, 2])
+        assert sliced == [1, 2]
-        self.assertIsInstance(sliced, list)
+        assert isinstance(sliced, list)
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, [])
+        assert base_list._instance._changed_fields == []
 
     def test___getitem__sublist_returns_BaseList_bound_to_instance(self):
         base_list = self._get_baselist([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
         sub_list = base_list[0]
-        self.assertEqual(sub_list, [1, 2])
+        assert sub_list == [1, 2]
-        self.assertIsInstance(sub_list, BaseList)
+        assert isinstance(sub_list, BaseList)
-        self.assertIs(sub_list._instance, base_list._instance)
+        assert sub_list._instance is base_list._instance
-        self.assertEqual(sub_list._name, "my_name.0")
+        assert sub_list._name == "my_name.0"
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, [])
+        assert base_list._instance._changed_fields == []
 
         # Challenge mark_as_changed from sublist
         sub_list[1] = None
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name.0.1"])
+        assert base_list._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name.0.1"]
 
     def test___getitem__subdict_returns_BaseList_bound_to_instance(self):
         base_list = self._get_baselist([{"subk": "subv"}])
         sub_dict = base_list[0]
-        self.assertEqual(sub_dict, {"subk": "subv"})
+        assert sub_dict == {"subk": "subv"}
-        self.assertIsInstance(sub_dict, BaseDict)
+        assert isinstance(sub_dict, BaseDict)
-        self.assertIs(sub_dict._instance, base_list._instance)
+        assert sub_dict._instance is base_list._instance
-        self.assertEqual(sub_dict._name, "my_name.0")
+        assert sub_dict._name == "my_name.0"
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, [])
+        assert base_list._instance._changed_fields == []
 
         # Challenge mark_as_changed from subdict
         sub_dict["subk"] = None
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name.0.subk"])
+        assert base_list._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name.0.subk"]
 
     def test_extend_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
         base_list = self._get_baselist([])
         base_list.extend([True])
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name"])
+        assert base_list._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name"]
 
     def test_insert_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
         base_list = self._get_baselist([])
         base_list.insert(0, True)
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name"])
+        assert base_list._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name"]
 
     def test_remove_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
         base_list = self._get_baselist([True])
         base_list.remove(True)
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name"])
+        assert base_list._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name"]
 
     def test_remove_not_mark_as_changed_when_it_fails(self):
         base_list = self._get_baselist([True])
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
             base_list.remove(False)
-        self.assertFalse(base_list._instance._changed_fields)
+        assert not base_list._instance._changed_fields
 
     def test_pop_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
         base_list = self._get_baselist([True])
         base_list.pop()
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name"])
+        assert base_list._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name"]
 
     def test_reverse_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
         base_list = self._get_baselist([True, False])
         base_list.reverse()
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name"])
+        assert base_list._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name"]
 
     def test___delitem___calls_mark_as_changed(self):
         base_list = self._get_baselist([True])
         del base_list[0]
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name"])
+        assert base_list._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name"]
 
     def test___setitem___calls_with_full_slice_mark_as_changed(self):
         base_list = self._get_baselist([])
@@ -286,8 +288,8 @@ class TestBaseList(unittest.TestCase):
             0,
             1,
         ]  # Will use __setslice__ under py2 and __setitem__ under py3
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name"])
+        assert base_list._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name"]
-        self.assertEqual(base_list, [0, 1])
+        assert base_list == [0, 1]
 
     def test___setitem___calls_with_partial_slice_mark_as_changed(self):
         base_list = self._get_baselist([0, 1, 2])
@@ -295,103 +297,103 @@ class TestBaseList(unittest.TestCase):
             1,
             0,
         ]  # Will use __setslice__ under py2 and __setitem__ under py3
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name"])
+        assert base_list._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name"]
-        self.assertEqual(base_list, [1, 0, 2])
+        assert base_list == [1, 0, 2]
 
     def test___setitem___calls_with_step_slice_mark_as_changed(self):
         base_list = self._get_baselist([0, 1, 2])
         base_list[0:3:2] = [-1, -2]  # uses __setitem__ in both py2 & 3
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name"])
+        assert base_list._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name"]
-        self.assertEqual(base_list, [-1, 1, -2])
+        assert base_list == [-1, 1, -2]
 
     def test___setitem___with_slice(self):
         base_list = self._get_baselist([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
         base_list[0:6:2] = [None, None, None]
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name"])
+        assert base_list._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name"]
-        self.assertEqual(base_list, [None, 1, None, 3, None, 5])
+        assert base_list == [None, 1, None, 3, None, 5]
 
     def test___setitem___item_0_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
         base_list = self._get_baselist([True])
         base_list[0] = False
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name"])
+        assert base_list._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name"]
-        self.assertEqual(base_list, [False])
+        assert base_list == [False]
 
     def test___setitem___item_1_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
         base_list = self._get_baselist([True, True])
         base_list[1] = False
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name.1"])
+        assert base_list._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name.1"]
-        self.assertEqual(base_list, [True, False])
+        assert base_list == [True, False]
 
     def test___delslice___calls_mark_as_changed(self):
         base_list = self._get_baselist([0, 1])
         del base_list[0:1]
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name"])
+        assert base_list._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name"]
-        self.assertEqual(base_list, [1])
+        assert base_list == [1]
 
     def test___iadd___calls_mark_as_changed(self):
         base_list = self._get_baselist([True])
         base_list += [False]
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name"])
+        assert base_list._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name"]
 
     def test___imul___calls_mark_as_changed(self):
         base_list = self._get_baselist([True])
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, [])
+        assert base_list._instance._changed_fields == []
         base_list *= 2
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name"])
+        assert base_list._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name"]
 
     def test_sort_calls_not_marked_as_changed_when_it_fails(self):
         base_list = self._get_baselist([True])
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
             base_list.sort(key=1)
 
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, [])
+        assert base_list._instance._changed_fields == []
 
     def test_sort_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
         base_list = self._get_baselist([True, False])
         base_list.sort()
-        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ["my_name"])
+        assert base_list._instance._changed_fields == ["my_name"]
 
     def test_sort_calls_with_key(self):
         base_list = self._get_baselist([1, 2, 11])
         base_list.sort(key=lambda i: str(i))
-        self.assertEqual(base_list, [1, 11, 2])
+        assert base_list == [1, 11, 2]
 
 
 class TestStrictDict(unittest.TestCase):
-    def strict_dict_class(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return StrictDict.create(*args, **kwargs)
-
     def setUp(self):
         self.dtype = self.strict_dict_class(("a", "b", "c"))
 
+    def strict_dict_class(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return StrictDict.create(*args, **kwargs)
+
     def test_init(self):
         d = self.dtype(a=1, b=1, c=1)
-        self.assertEqual((d.a, d.b, d.c), (1, 1, 1))
+        assert (d.a, d.b, d.c) == (1, 1, 1)
 
     def test_iterkeys(self):
         d = self.dtype(a=1)
-        self.assertEqual(list(iterkeys(d)), ["a"])
+        assert list(iterkeys(d)) == ["a"]
 
     def test_len(self):
         d = self.dtype(a=1)
-        self.assertEqual(len(d), 1)
+        assert len(d) == 1
 
     def test_pop(self):
         d = self.dtype(a=1)
-        self.assertIn("a", d)
+        assert "a" in d
         d.pop("a")
-        self.assertNotIn("a", d)
+        assert "a" not in d
 
     def test_repr(self):
         d = self.dtype(a=1, b=2, c=3)
-        self.assertEqual(repr(d), '{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}')
+        assert repr(d) == '{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}'
 
         # make sure quotes are escaped properly
         d = self.dtype(a='"', b="'", c="")
-        self.assertEqual(repr(d), '{"a": \'"\', "b": "\'", "c": \'\'}')
+        assert repr(d) == '{"a": \'"\', "b": "\'", "c": \'\'}'
 
     def test_init_fails_on_nonexisting_attrs(self):
-        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+        with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
             self.dtype(a=1, b=2, d=3)
 
     def test_eq(self):
@@ -403,45 +405,46 @@ class TestStrictDict(unittest.TestCase):
         h = self.strict_dict_class(("a", "c", "b"))(a=1, b=1, c=1)
         i = self.strict_dict_class(("a", "c", "b"))(a=1, b=1, c=2)
 
-        self.assertEqual(d, dd)
+        assert d == dd
-        self.assertNotEqual(d, e)
+        assert d != e
-        self.assertNotEqual(d, f)
+        assert d != f
-        self.assertNotEqual(d, g)
+        assert d != g
-        self.assertNotEqual(f, d)
+        assert f != d
-        self.assertEqual(d, h)
+        assert d == h
-        self.assertNotEqual(d, i)
+        assert d != i
 
     def test_setattr_getattr(self):
         d = self.dtype()
         d.a = 1
-        self.assertEqual(d.a, 1)
+        assert d.a == 1
-        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, d, "b")
+        with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
+            getattr(d, "b")
 
     def test_setattr_raises_on_nonexisting_attr(self):
         d = self.dtype()
-        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+        with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
             d.x = 1
 
     def test_setattr_getattr_special(self):
         d = self.strict_dict_class(["items"])
         d.items = 1
-        self.assertEqual(d.items, 1)
+        assert d.items == 1
 
     def test_get(self):
         d = self.dtype(a=1)
-        self.assertEqual(d.get("a"), 1)
+        assert d.get("a") == 1
-        self.assertEqual(d.get("b", "bla"), "bla")
+        assert d.get("b", "bla") == "bla"
 
     def test_items(self):
         d = self.dtype(a=1)
-        self.assertEqual(d.items(), [("a", 1)])
+        assert d.items() == [("a", 1)]
         d = self.dtype(a=1, b=2)
-        self.assertEqual(d.items(), [("a", 1), ("b", 2)])
+        assert d.items() == [("a", 1), ("b", 2)]
 
     def test_mappings_protocol(self):
         d = self.dtype(a=1, b=2)
-        self.assertEqual(dict(d), {"a": 1, "b": 2})
+        assert dict(d) == {"a": 1, "b": 2}
-        self.assertEqual(dict(**d), {"a": 1, "b": 2})
+        assert dict(**d) == {"a": 1, "b": 2}
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

tests/test_dereference.py

@@ -42,37 +42,37 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         group.save()
 
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_obj = Group.objects.first()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
+            assert q == 1
 
             len(group_obj._data["members"])
-            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
+            assert q == 1
 
             len(group_obj.members)
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
 
         # Document select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_obj = Group.objects.first().select_related()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
 
         # Queryset select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
             group_objs = Group.objects.select_related()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
             for group_obj in group_objs:
                 [m for m in group_obj.members]
-                self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+                assert q == 2
 
         User.drop_collection()
         Group.drop_collection()
@@ -99,40 +99,40 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         group.reload()  # Confirm reload works
 
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_obj = Group.objects.first()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
+            assert q == 1
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
-            self.assertTrue(group_obj._data["members"]._dereferenced)
+            assert group_obj._data["members"]._dereferenced
 
             # verifies that no additional queries gets executed
             # if we re-iterate over the ListField once it is
             # dereferenced
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
-            self.assertTrue(group_obj._data["members"]._dereferenced)
+            assert group_obj._data["members"]._dereferenced
 
         # Document select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_obj = Group.objects.first().select_related()
 
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
 
         # Queryset select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
             group_objs = Group.objects.select_related()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
             for group_obj in group_objs:
                 [m for m in group_obj.members]
-                self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+                assert q == 2
 
     def test_list_item_dereference_orphan_dbref(self):
         """Ensure that orphan DBRef items in ListFields are dereferenced.
@@ -159,21 +159,21 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         # Group.members list is an orphan DBRef
         User.objects[0].delete()
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_obj = Group.objects.first()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
+            assert q == 1
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
-            self.assertTrue(group_obj._data["members"]._dereferenced)
+            assert group_obj._data["members"]._dereferenced
 
             # verifies that no additional queries gets executed
             # if we re-iterate over the ListField once it is
             # dereferenced
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
-            self.assertTrue(group_obj._data["members"]._dereferenced)
+            assert group_obj._data["members"]._dereferenced
 
         User.drop_collection()
         Group.drop_collection()
@@ -197,8 +197,8 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         Group(members=User.objects).save()
         group = Group.objects.first()
 
-        self.assertEqual(Group._get_collection().find_one()["members"], [1])
+        assert Group._get_collection().find_one()["members"] == [1]
-        self.assertEqual(group.members, [user])
+        assert group.members == [user]
 
     def test_handle_old_style_references(self):
         """Ensure that DBRef items in ListFields are dereferenced.
@@ -231,8 +231,8 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         group.save()
 
         group = Group.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(group.members[0].name, "user 1")
+        assert group.members[0].name == "user 1"
-        self.assertEqual(group.members[-1].name, "String!")
+        assert group.members[-1].name == "String!"
 
     def test_migrate_references(self):
         """Example of migrating ReferenceField storage
@@ -253,12 +253,12 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         group = Group(author=user, members=[user]).save()
 
         raw_data = Group._get_collection().find_one()
-        self.assertIsInstance(raw_data["author"], DBRef)
+        assert isinstance(raw_data["author"], DBRef)
-        self.assertIsInstance(raw_data["members"][0], DBRef)
+        assert isinstance(raw_data["members"][0], DBRef)
         group = Group.objects.first()
 
-        self.assertEqual(group.author, user)
+        assert group.author == user
-        self.assertEqual(group.members, [user])
+        assert group.members == [user]
 
         # Migrate the model definition
         class Group(Document):
@@ -273,12 +273,12 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             g.save()
 
         group = Group.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(group.author, user)
+        assert group.author == user
-        self.assertEqual(group.members, [user])
+        assert group.members == [user]
 
         raw_data = Group._get_collection().find_one()
-        self.assertIsInstance(raw_data["author"], ObjectId)
+        assert isinstance(raw_data["author"], ObjectId)
-        self.assertIsInstance(raw_data["members"][0], ObjectId)
+        assert isinstance(raw_data["members"][0], ObjectId)
 
     def test_recursive_reference(self):
         """Ensure that ReferenceFields can reference their own documents.
@@ -309,43 +309,43 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         Employee(name="Funky Gibbon", boss=bill, friends=friends).save()
 
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             peter = Employee.objects.with_id(peter.id)
-            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
+            assert q == 1
 
             peter.boss
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
 
             peter.friends
-            self.assertEqual(q, 3)
+            assert q == 3
 
         # Document select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             peter = Employee.objects.with_id(peter.id).select_related()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
 
-            self.assertEqual(peter.boss, bill)
+            assert peter.boss == bill
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
 
-            self.assertEqual(peter.friends, friends)
+            assert peter.friends == friends
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
 
         # Queryset select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             employees = Employee.objects(boss=bill).select_related()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
 
             for employee in employees:
-                self.assertEqual(employee.boss, bill)
+                assert employee.boss == bill
-                self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+                assert q == 2
 
-                self.assertEqual(employee.friends, friends)
+                assert employee.friends == friends
-                self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+                assert q == 2
 
     def test_list_of_lists_of_references(self):
         class User(Document):
@@ -366,10 +366,10 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         u3 = User.objects.create(name="u3")
 
         SimpleList.objects.create(users=[u1, u2, u3])
-        self.assertEqual(SimpleList.objects.all()[0].users, [u1, u2, u3])
+        assert SimpleList.objects.all()[0].users == [u1, u2, u3]
 
         Post.objects.create(user_lists=[[u1, u2], [u3]])
-        self.assertEqual(Post.objects.all()[0].user_lists, [[u1, u2], [u3]])
+        assert Post.objects.all()[0].user_lists == [[u1, u2], [u3]]
 
     def test_circular_reference(self):
         """Ensure you can handle circular references
@@ -403,9 +403,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         daughter.relations.append(self_rel)
         daughter.save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert "[<Person: Mother>, <Person: Daughter>]" == "%s" % Person.objects()
-            "[<Person: Mother>, <Person: Daughter>]", "%s" % Person.objects()
-        )
 
     def test_circular_reference_on_self(self):
         """Ensure you can handle circular references
@@ -432,9 +430,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         daughter.relations.append(daughter)
         daughter.save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert "[<Person: Mother>, <Person: Daughter>]" == "%s" % Person.objects()
-            "[<Person: Mother>, <Person: Daughter>]", "%s" % Person.objects()
-        )
 
     def test_circular_tree_reference(self):
         """Ensure you can handle circular references with more than one level
@@ -473,9 +469,9 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         anna.other.name = "Anna's friends"
         anna.save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert (
-            "[<Person: Paul>, <Person: Maria>, <Person: Julia>, <Person: Anna>]",
+            "[<Person: Paul>, <Person: Maria>, <Person: Julia>, <Person: Anna>]"
-            "%s" % Person.objects(),
+            == "%s" % Person.objects()
         )
 
     def test_generic_reference(self):
@@ -516,52 +512,52 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         group.save()
 
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_obj = Group.objects.first()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
+            assert q == 1
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
 
             for m in group_obj.members:
-                self.assertIn("User", m.__class__.__name__)
+                assert "User" in m.__class__.__name__
 
         # Document select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_obj = Group.objects.first().select_related()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
 
             for m in group_obj.members:
-                self.assertIn("User", m.__class__.__name__)
+                assert "User" in m.__class__.__name__
 
         # Queryset select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_objs = Group.objects.select_related()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
 
             for group_obj in group_objs:
                 [m for m in group_obj.members]
-                self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+                assert q == 4
 
                 [m for m in group_obj.members]
-                self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+                assert q == 4
 
                 for m in group_obj.members:
-                    self.assertIn("User", m.__class__.__name__)
+                    assert "User" in m.__class__.__name__
 
     def test_generic_reference_orphan_dbref(self):
         """Ensure that generic orphan DBRef items in ListFields are dereferenced.
@@ -604,18 +600,18 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         # an orphan DBRef in the GenericReference ListField
         UserA.objects[0].delete()
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_obj = Group.objects.first()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
+            assert q == 1
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
-            self.assertTrue(group_obj._data["members"]._dereferenced)
+            assert group_obj._data["members"]._dereferenced
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
-            self.assertTrue(group_obj._data["members"]._dereferenced)
+            assert group_obj._data["members"]._dereferenced
 
         UserA.drop_collection()
         UserB.drop_collection()
@@ -660,52 +656,52 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         group.save()
 
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_obj = Group.objects.first()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
+            assert q == 1
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
 
             for m in group_obj.members:
-                self.assertIn("User", m.__class__.__name__)
+                assert "User" in m.__class__.__name__
 
         # Document select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_obj = Group.objects.first().select_related()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
 
             for m in group_obj.members:
-                self.assertIn("User", m.__class__.__name__)
+                assert "User" in m.__class__.__name__
 
         # Queryset select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_objs = Group.objects.select_related()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
 
             for group_obj in group_objs:
                 [m for m in group_obj.members]
-                self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+                assert q == 4
 
                 [m for m in group_obj.members]
-                self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+                assert q == 4
 
                 for m in group_obj.members:
-                    self.assertIn("User", m.__class__.__name__)
+                    assert "User" in m.__class__.__name__
 
         UserA.drop_collection()
         UserB.drop_collection()
@@ -735,43 +731,43 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         group.save()
 
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_obj = Group.objects.first()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
+            assert q == 1
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
 
             for k, m in iteritems(group_obj.members):
-                self.assertIsInstance(m, User)
+                assert isinstance(m, User)
 
         # Document select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_obj = Group.objects.first().select_related()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
 
             for k, m in iteritems(group_obj.members):
-                self.assertIsInstance(m, User)
+                assert isinstance(m, User)
 
         # Queryset select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_objs = Group.objects.select_related()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
 
             for group_obj in group_objs:
                 [m for m in group_obj.members]
-                self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+                assert q == 2
 
                 for k, m in iteritems(group_obj.members):
-                    self.assertIsInstance(m, User)
+                    assert isinstance(m, User)
 
         User.drop_collection()
         Group.drop_collection()
@@ -813,65 +809,65 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         group.save()
 
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_obj = Group.objects.first()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
+            assert q == 1
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
 
             for k, m in iteritems(group_obj.members):
-                self.assertIn("User", m.__class__.__name__)
+                assert "User" in m.__class__.__name__
 
         # Document select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_obj = Group.objects.first().select_related()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
 
             for k, m in iteritems(group_obj.members):
-                self.assertIn("User", m.__class__.__name__)
+                assert "User" in m.__class__.__name__
 
         # Queryset select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_objs = Group.objects.select_related()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
 
             for group_obj in group_objs:
                 [m for m in group_obj.members]
-                self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+                assert q == 4
 
                 [m for m in group_obj.members]
-                self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+                assert q == 4
 
                 for k, m in iteritems(group_obj.members):
-                    self.assertIn("User", m.__class__.__name__)
+                    assert "User" in m.__class__.__name__
 
         Group.objects.delete()
         Group().save()
 
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_obj = Group.objects.first()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
+            assert q == 1
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
+            assert q == 1
-            self.assertEqual(group_obj.members, {})
+            assert group_obj.members == {}
 
         UserA.drop_collection()
         UserB.drop_collection()
@@ -903,52 +899,52 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         group.save()
 
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_obj = Group.objects.first()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
+            assert q == 1
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
 
             for k, m in iteritems(group_obj.members):
-                self.assertIsInstance(m, UserA)
+                assert isinstance(m, UserA)
 
         # Document select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_obj = Group.objects.first().select_related()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
 
             for k, m in iteritems(group_obj.members):
-                self.assertIsInstance(m, UserA)
+                assert isinstance(m, UserA)
 
         # Queryset select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_objs = Group.objects.select_related()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
 
             for group_obj in group_objs:
                 [m for m in group_obj.members]
-                self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+                assert q == 2
 
                 [m for m in group_obj.members]
-                self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+                assert q == 2
 
                 for k, m in iteritems(group_obj.members):
-                    self.assertIsInstance(m, UserA)
+                    assert isinstance(m, UserA)
 
         UserA.drop_collection()
         Group.drop_collection()
@@ -990,64 +986,64 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         group.save()
 
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_obj = Group.objects.first()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
+            assert q == 1
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
 
             for k, m in iteritems(group_obj.members):
-                self.assertIn("User", m.__class__.__name__)
+                assert "User" in m.__class__.__name__
 
         # Document select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_obj = Group.objects.first().select_related()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
 
             for k, m in iteritems(group_obj.members):
-                self.assertIn("User", m.__class__.__name__)
+                assert "User" in m.__class__.__name__
 
         # Queryset select_related
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_objs = Group.objects.select_related()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+            assert q == 4
 
             for group_obj in group_objs:
                 [m for m in group_obj.members]
-                self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+                assert q == 4
 
                 [m for m in group_obj.members]
-                self.assertEqual(q, 4)
+                assert q == 4
 
                 for k, m in iteritems(group_obj.members):
-                    self.assertIn("User", m.__class__.__name__)
+                    assert "User" in m.__class__.__name__
 
         Group.objects.delete()
         Group().save()
 
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_obj = Group.objects.first()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
+            assert q == 1
 
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
-            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
+            assert q == 1
 
         UserA.drop_collection()
         UserB.drop_collection()
@@ -1075,8 +1071,8 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         root.save()
 
         root = root.reload()
-        self.assertEqual(root.children, [company])
+        assert root.children == [company]
-        self.assertEqual(company.parents, [root])
+        assert company.parents == [root]
 
     def test_dict_in_dbref_instance(self):
         class Person(Document):
@@ -1102,8 +1098,8 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         room_101.save()
 
         room = Room.objects.first().select_related()
-        self.assertEqual(room.staffs_with_position[0]["staff"], sarah)
+        assert room.staffs_with_position[0]["staff"] == sarah
-        self.assertEqual(room.staffs_with_position[1]["staff"], bob)
+        assert room.staffs_with_position[1]["staff"] == bob
 
     def test_document_reload_no_inheritance(self):
         class Foo(Document):
@@ -1133,8 +1129,8 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         foo.save()
         foo.reload()
 
-        self.assertEqual(type(foo.bar), Bar)
+        assert type(foo.bar) == Bar
-        self.assertEqual(type(foo.baz), Baz)
+        assert type(foo.baz) == Baz
 
     def test_document_reload_reference_integrity(self):
         """
@@ -1166,13 +1162,13 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         concurrent_change_user = User.objects.get(id=1)
         concurrent_change_user.name = "new-name"
         concurrent_change_user.save()
-        self.assertNotEqual(user.name, "new-name")
+        assert user.name != "new-name"
 
         msg = Message.objects.get(id=1)
         msg.reload()
-        self.assertEqual(msg.topic, topic)
+        assert msg.topic == topic
-        self.assertEqual(msg.author, user)
+        assert msg.author == user
-        self.assertEqual(msg.author.name, "new-name")
+        assert msg.author.name == "new-name"
 
     def test_list_lookup_not_checked_in_map(self):
         """Ensure we dereference list data correctly
@@ -1194,8 +1190,8 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         Message(id=1, comments=[c1, c2]).save()
 
         msg = Message.objects.get(id=1)
-        self.assertEqual(0, msg.comments[0].id)
+        assert 0 == msg.comments[0].id
-        self.assertEqual(1, msg.comments[1].id)
+        assert 1 == msg.comments[1].id
 
     def test_list_item_dereference_dref_false_save_doesnt_cause_extra_queries(self):
         """Ensure that DBRef items in ListFields are dereferenced.
@@ -1217,15 +1213,15 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         Group(name="Test", members=User.objects).save()
 
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_obj = Group.objects.first()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
+            assert q == 1
 
             group_obj.name = "new test"
             group_obj.save()
 
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
 
     def test_list_item_dereference_dref_true_save_doesnt_cause_extra_queries(self):
         """Ensure that DBRef items in ListFields are dereferenced.
@@ -1247,15 +1243,15 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         Group(name="Test", members=User.objects).save()
 
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_obj = Group.objects.first()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
+            assert q == 1
 
             group_obj.name = "new test"
             group_obj.save()
 
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
 
     def test_generic_reference_save_doesnt_cause_extra_queries(self):
         class UserA(Document):
@@ -1287,15 +1283,15 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         Group(name="test", members=members).save()
 
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             group_obj = Group.objects.first()
-            self.assertEqual(q, 1)
+            assert q == 1
 
             group_obj.name = "new test"
             group_obj.save()
 
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
 
     def test_objectid_reference_across_databases(self):
         # mongoenginetest - Is default connection alias from setUp()
@@ -1319,10 +1315,10 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # Can't use query_counter across databases - so test the _data object
         book = Book.objects.first()
-        self.assertNotIsInstance(book._data["author"], User)
+        assert not isinstance(book._data["author"], User)
 
         book.select_related()
-        self.assertIsInstance(book._data["author"], User)
+        assert isinstance(book._data["author"], User)
 
     def test_non_ascii_pk(self):
         """
@@ -1346,7 +1342,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         BrandGroup(title="top_brands", brands=[brand1, brand2]).save()
         brand_groups = BrandGroup.objects().all()
 
-        self.assertEqual(2, len([brand for bg in brand_groups for brand in bg.brands]))
+        assert 2 == len([brand for bg in brand_groups for brand in bg.brands])
 
     def test_dereferencing_embedded_listfield_referencefield(self):
         class Tag(Document):
@@ -1370,7 +1366,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         Page(tags=[tag], posts=[post]).save()
 
         page = Page.objects.first()
-        self.assertEqual(page.tags[0], page.posts[0].tags[0])
+        assert page.tags[0] == page.posts[0].tags[0]
 
     def test_select_related_follows_embedded_referencefields(self):
         class Song(Document):
@@ -1390,12 +1386,12 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         playlist = Playlist.objects.create(items=items)
 
         with query_counter() as q:
-            self.assertEqual(q, 0)
+            assert q == 0
 
             playlist = Playlist.objects.first().select_related()
             songs = [item.song for item in playlist.items]
 
-            self.assertEqual(q, 2)
+            assert q == 2
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

tests/test_replicaset_connection.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import unittest
 
-from pymongo import ReadPreference
+from pymongo import MongoClient, ReadPreference
-from pymongo import MongoClient
 
 import mongoengine
 from mongoengine.connection import ConnectionFailure
@@ -25,21 +24,20 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_replicaset_uri_passes_read_preference(self):
         """Requires a replica set called "rs" on port 27017
         """
-
         try:
             conn = mongoengine.connect(
                 db="mongoenginetest",
                 host="mongodb://localhost/mongoenginetest?replicaSet=rs",
                 read_preference=READ_PREF,
             )
-        except ConnectionFailure as e:
+        except ConnectionFailure:
             return
 
         if not isinstance(conn, CONN_CLASS):
             # really???
             return
 
-        self.assertEqual(conn.read_preference, READ_PREF)
+        assert conn.read_preference == READ_PREF
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

tests/test_signals.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from mongoengine import signals
 signal_output = []
 
 
-class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
+class TestSignal(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     Testing signals before/after saving and deleting.
     """
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
         # Note that there is a chance that the following assert fails in case
         # some receivers (eventually created in other tests)
         # gets garbage collected (https://pythonhosted.org/blinker/#blinker.base.Signal.connect)
-        self.assertEqual(self.pre_signals, post_signals)
+        assert self.pre_signals == post_signals
 
     def test_model_signals(self):
         """ Model saves should throw some signals. """
@@ -267,19 +267,14 @@ class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
             self.get_signal_output(lambda: None)  # eliminate signal output
             a1 = self.Author.objects(name="Bill Shakespeare")[0]
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert self.get_signal_output(create_author) == [
-            self.get_signal_output(create_author),
-            [
             "pre_init signal, Author",
             {"name": "Bill Shakespeare"},
             "post_init signal, Bill Shakespeare, document._created = True",
-            ],
+        ]
-        )
 
         a1 = self.Author(name="Bill Shakespeare")
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert self.get_signal_output(a1.save) == [
-            self.get_signal_output(a1.save),
-            [
             "pre_save signal, Bill Shakespeare",
             {},
             "pre_save_post_validation signal, Bill Shakespeare",
@@ -289,14 +284,11 @@ class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
             "post_save dirty keys, ['name']",
             "Is created",
             {},
-            ],
+        ]
-        )
 
         a1.reload()
         a1.name = "William Shakespeare"
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert self.get_signal_output(a1.save) == [
-            self.get_signal_output(a1.save),
-            [
             "pre_save signal, William Shakespeare",
             {},
             "pre_save_post_validation signal, William Shakespeare",
@@ -306,31 +298,22 @@ class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
             "post_save dirty keys, ['name']",
             "Is updated",
             {},
-            ],
+        ]
-        )
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert self.get_signal_output(a1.delete) == [
-            self.get_signal_output(a1.delete),
-            [
             "pre_delete signal, William Shakespeare",
             {},
             "post_delete signal, William Shakespeare",
             {},
-            ],
+        ]
-        )
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert self.get_signal_output(load_existing_author) == [
-            self.get_signal_output(load_existing_author),
-            [
             "pre_init signal, Author",
             {"id": 2, "name": "Bill Shakespeare"},
             "post_init signal, Bill Shakespeare, document._created = False",
-            ],
+        ]
-        )
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert self.get_signal_output(bulk_create_author_with_load) == [
-            self.get_signal_output(bulk_create_author_with_load),
-            [
             "pre_init signal, Author",
             {"name": "Bill Shakespeare"},
             "post_init signal, Bill Shakespeare, document._created = True",
@@ -342,12 +325,9 @@ class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
             "post_bulk_insert signal, [<Author: Bill Shakespeare>]",
             "Is loaded",
             {},
-            ],
+        ]
-        )
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert self.get_signal_output(bulk_create_author_without_load) == [
-            self.get_signal_output(bulk_create_author_without_load),
-            [
             "pre_init signal, Author",
             {"name": "Bill Shakespeare"},
             "post_init signal, Bill Shakespeare, document._created = True",
@@ -356,8 +336,7 @@ class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
             "post_bulk_insert signal, [<Author: Bill Shakespeare>]",
             "Not loaded",
             {},
-            ],
+        ]
-        )
 
     def test_signal_kwargs(self):
         """ Make sure signal_kwargs is passed to signals calls. """
@@ -367,9 +346,7 @@ class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
             a.save(signal_kwargs={"live": True, "die": False})
             a.delete(signal_kwargs={"live": False, "die": True})
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert self.get_signal_output(live_and_let_die) == [
-            self.get_signal_output(live_and_let_die),
-            [
             "pre_init signal, Author",
             {"name": "Bill Shakespeare"},
             "post_init signal, Bill Shakespeare, document._created = True",
@@ -386,16 +363,13 @@ class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
             {"die": True, "live": False},
             "post_delete signal, Bill Shakespeare",
             {"die": True, "live": False},
-            ],
+        ]
-        )
 
         def bulk_create_author():
             a1 = self.Author(name="Bill Shakespeare")
             self.Author.objects.insert([a1], signal_kwargs={"key": True})
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert self.get_signal_output(bulk_create_author) == [
-            self.get_signal_output(bulk_create_author),
-            [
             "pre_init signal, Author",
             {"name": "Bill Shakespeare"},
             "post_init signal, Bill Shakespeare, document._created = True",
@@ -407,43 +381,39 @@ class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
             "post_bulk_insert signal, [<Author: Bill Shakespeare>]",
             "Is loaded",
             {"key": True},
-            ],
+        ]
-        )
 
     def test_queryset_delete_signals(self):
         """ Queryset delete should throw some signals. """
 
         self.Another(name="Bill Shakespeare").save()
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert self.get_signal_output(self.Another.objects.delete) == [
-            self.get_signal_output(self.Another.objects.delete),
-            [
             "pre_delete signal, Bill Shakespeare",
             {},
             "post_delete signal, Bill Shakespeare",
             {},
-            ],
+        ]
-        )
 
     def test_signals_with_explicit_doc_ids(self):
         """ Model saves must have a created flag the first time."""
         ei = self.ExplicitId(id=123)
         # post save must received the created flag, even if there's already
         # an object id present
-        self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(ei.save), ["Is created"])
+        assert self.get_signal_output(ei.save) == ["Is created"]
         # second time, it must be an update
-        self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(ei.save), ["Is updated"])
+        assert self.get_signal_output(ei.save) == ["Is updated"]
 
     def test_signals_with_switch_collection(self):
         ei = self.ExplicitId(id=123)
         ei.switch_collection("explicit__1")
-        self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(ei.save), ["Is created"])
+        assert self.get_signal_output(ei.save) == ["Is created"]
         ei.switch_collection("explicit__1")
-        self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(ei.save), ["Is updated"])
+        assert self.get_signal_output(ei.save) == ["Is updated"]
 
         ei.switch_collection("explicit__1", keep_created=False)
-        self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(ei.save), ["Is created"])
+        assert self.get_signal_output(ei.save) == ["Is created"]
         ei.switch_collection("explicit__1", keep_created=False)
-        self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(ei.save), ["Is created"])
+        assert self.get_signal_output(ei.save) == ["Is created"]
 
     def test_signals_with_switch_db(self):
         connect("mongoenginetest")
@@ -451,14 +421,14 @@ class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
         ei = self.ExplicitId(id=123)
         ei.switch_db("testdb-1")
-        self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(ei.save), ["Is created"])
+        assert self.get_signal_output(ei.save) == ["Is created"]
         ei.switch_db("testdb-1")
-        self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(ei.save), ["Is updated"])
+        assert self.get_signal_output(ei.save) == ["Is updated"]
 
         ei.switch_db("testdb-1", keep_created=False)
-        self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(ei.save), ["Is created"])
+        assert self.get_signal_output(ei.save) == ["Is created"]
         ei.switch_db("testdb-1", keep_created=False)
-        self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(ei.save), ["Is created"])
+        assert self.get_signal_output(ei.save) == ["Is created"]
 
     def test_signals_bulk_insert(self):
         def bulk_set_active_post():
@@ -470,16 +440,13 @@ class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
             self.Post.objects.insert(posts)
 
         results = self.get_signal_output(bulk_set_active_post)
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert results == [
-            results,
-            [
             "pre_bulk_insert signal, [(<Post: Post 1>, {'active': False}), (<Post: Post 2>, {'active': False}), (<Post: Post 3>, {'active': False})]",
             {},
             "post_bulk_insert signal, [(<Post: Post 1>, {'active': True}), (<Post: Post 2>, {'active': True}), (<Post: Post 3>, {'active': True})]",
             "Is loaded",
             {},
-            ],
+        ]
-        )
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

tests/test_utils.py

@@ -1,32 +1,34 @@
-import unittest
 import re
+import unittest
+
+import pytest
 
 from mongoengine.base.utils import LazyRegexCompiler
 
 signal_output = []
 
 
-class LazyRegexCompilerTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class TestLazyRegexCompiler:
     def test_lazy_regex_compiler_verify_laziness_of_descriptor(self):
         class UserEmail(object):
             EMAIL_REGEX = LazyRegexCompiler("@", flags=32)
 
         descriptor = UserEmail.__dict__["EMAIL_REGEX"]
-        self.assertIsNone(descriptor._compiled_regex)
+        assert descriptor._compiled_regex is None
 
         regex = UserEmail.EMAIL_REGEX
-        self.assertEqual(regex, re.compile("@", flags=32))
+        assert regex == re.compile("@", flags=32)
-        self.assertEqual(regex.search("user@domain.com").group(), "@")
+        assert regex.search("user@domain.com").group() == "@"
 
         user_email = UserEmail()
-        self.assertIs(user_email.EMAIL_REGEX, UserEmail.EMAIL_REGEX)
+        assert user_email.EMAIL_REGEX is UserEmail.EMAIL_REGEX
 
     def test_lazy_regex_compiler_verify_cannot_set_descriptor_on_instance(self):
         class UserEmail(object):
             EMAIL_REGEX = LazyRegexCompiler("@")
 
         user_email = UserEmail()
-        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+        with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
             user_email.EMAIL_REGEX = re.compile("@")
 
     def test_lazy_regex_compiler_verify_can_override_class_attr(self):
@@ -34,6 +36,4 @@ class LazyRegexCompilerTest(unittest.TestCase):
             EMAIL_REGEX = LazyRegexCompiler("@")
 
         UserEmail.EMAIL_REGEX = re.compile("cookies")
-        self.assertEqual(
+        assert UserEmail.EMAIL_REGEX.search("Cake & cookies").group() == "cookies"
-            UserEmail.EMAIL_REGEX.search("Cake & cookies").group(), "cookies"
-        )

tests/utils.py

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
-import operator
 import unittest
 
-from nose.plugins.skip import SkipTest
+import pytest
 
 from mongoengine import connect
-from mongoengine.connection import get_db, disconnect_all
+from mongoengine.connection import disconnect_all, get_db
 from mongoengine.mongodb_support import get_mongodb_version
 
 
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ def get_as_pymongo(doc):
 def _decorated_with_ver_requirement(func, mongo_version_req, oper):
     """Return a MongoDB version requirement decorator.
 
-    The resulting decorator will raise a SkipTest exception if the current
+    The resulting decorator will skip the test if the current
     MongoDB version doesn't match the provided version/operator.
 
     For example, if you define a decorator like so:
@@ -59,9 +58,8 @@ def _decorated_with_ver_requirement(func, mongo_version_req, oper):
         if oper(mongodb_v, mongo_version_req):
             return func(*args, **kwargs)
 
-        raise SkipTest(
+        pretty_version = ".".join(str(n) for n in mongo_version_req)
-            "Needs MongoDB v{}+".format(".".join(str(n) for n in mongo_version_req))
+        pytest.skip("Needs MongoDB v{}+".format(pretty_version))
-        )
 
     _inner.__name__ = func.__name__
     _inner.__doc__ = func.__doc__

tox.ini

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ envlist = {py27,py35,pypy,pypy3}-{mg34,mg36, mg39}
 
 [testenv]
 commands =
-    python setup.py nosetests {posargs}
+    python setup.py test {posargs}
 deps =
-    nose
     mg34: pymongo>=3.4,<3.5
     mg36: pymongo>=3.6,<3.7
-    mg39: pymongo>=3.9,<4.0
+    mg39: pymongo>=3.9,<3.10
+    mg310: pymongo>=3.10,<3.11
 setenv =
     PYTHON_EGG_CACHE = {envdir}/python-eggs