diff --git a/docs/guide/defining-documents.rst b/docs/guide/defining-documents.rst index 0ee5ad3e..b5ba2bf6 100644 --- a/docs/guide/defining-documents.rst +++ b/docs/guide/defining-documents.rst @@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ either a single field name, or a list or tuple of field names:: Skipping Document validation on save ------------------------------------ You can also skip the whole document validation process by setting -``validate=False`` when caling the :meth:`~mongoengine.document.Document.save` +``validate=False`` when calling the :meth:`~mongoengine.document.Document.save` method:: class Recipient(Document): diff --git a/docs/guide/signals.rst b/docs/guide/signals.rst index 75f81e21..3fef7572 100644 --- a/docs/guide/signals.rst +++ b/docs/guide/signals.rst @@ -1,5 +1,6 @@ .. _signals: +======= Signals ======= @@ -7,36 +8,96 @@ Signals .. note:: - Signal support is provided by the excellent `blinker`_ library and - will gracefully fall back if it is not available. + Signal support is provided by the excellent `blinker`_ library. If you wish + to enable signal support this library must be installed, though it is not + required for MongoEngine to function. + +Overview +-------- + +Signals are found within the :module:`~mongoengine.signals` module. Unless +specified signals receive no additional arguments beyond the `sender` class and +`document` instance. Post-signals are only called if there were no exceptions +raised during the processing of their related function. + +Available signals include: + +`pre_init` + Called during the creation of a new :class:`~mongoengine.Document` or + :class:`~mongoengine.EmbeddedDocument` instance, after the constructor + arguments have been collected but before any additional processing has been + done to them. (I.e. assignment of default values.) Handlers for this signal + are passed the dictionary of arguments using the `values` keyword argument + and may modify this dictionary prior to returning. + +`post_init` + Called after all processing of a new :class:`~mongoengine.Document` or + :class:`~mongoengine.EmbeddedDocument` instance has been completed. + +`pre_save` + Called within :meth:`~mongoengine.document.Document.save` prior to performing + any actions. + +`post_save` + Called within :meth:`~mongoengine.document.Document.save` after all actions + (validation, insert/update, cascades, clearing dirty flags) have completed + successfully. Passed the additional boolean keyword argument `created` to + indicate if the save was an insert or an update. + +`pre_delete` + Called within :meth:`~mongoengine.document.Document.delete` prior to + attempting the delete operation. + +`post_delete` + Called within :meth:`~mongoengine.document.Document.delete` upon successful + deletion of the record. + +`pre_bulk_insert` + Called after validation of the documents to insert, but prior to any data + being written. In this case, the `document` argument is replaced by a + `documents` argument representing the list of documents being inserted. + +`post_bulk_insert` + Called after a successful bulk insert operation. As per `pre_bulk_insert`, + the `document` argument is omitted and replaced with a `documents` argument. + An additional boolean argument, `loaded`, identifies the contents of + `documents` as either :class:`~mongoengine.Document` instances when `True` or + simply a list of primary key values for the inserted records if `False`. -The following document signals exist in MongoEngine and are pretty self-explanatory: +Attaching Events +---------------- - * `mongoengine.signals.pre_init` - * `mongoengine.signals.post_init` - * `mongoengine.signals.pre_save` - * `mongoengine.signals.post_save` - * `mongoengine.signals.pre_delete` - * `mongoengine.signals.post_delete` - * `mongoengine.signals.pre_bulk_insert` - * `mongoengine.signals.post_bulk_insert` - -Example usage:: +After writing a handler function like the following:: + import logging + from datetime import datetime + from mongoengine import * from mongoengine import signals + + def update_modified(sender, document): + document.modified = datetime.utcnow() + +You attach the event handler to your :class:`~mongoengine.Document` or +:class:`~mongoengine.EmbeddedDocument` subclass:: + + class Record(Document): + modified = DateTimeField() + + signals.pre_save.connect(update_modified) + +While this is not the most elaborate document model, it does demonstrate the +concepts involved. As a more complete demonstration you can also define your +handlers within your subclass:: class Author(Document): name = StringField() - - def __unicode__(self): - return self.name - + @classmethod def pre_save(cls, sender, document, **kwargs): logging.debug("Pre Save: %s" % document.name) - + @classmethod def post_save(cls, sender, document, **kwargs): logging.debug("Post Save: %s" % document.name) @@ -45,16 +106,44 @@ Example usage:: logging.debug("Created") else: logging.debug("Updated") - + signals.pre_save.connect(Author.pre_save, sender=Author) signals.post_save.connect(Author.post_save, sender=Author) +Finally, you can also use this small decorator to quickly create a number of +signals and attach them to your :class:`~mongoengine.Document` or +:class:`~mongoengine.EmbeddedDocument` subclasses as class decorators:: -ReferenceFields and signals + def handler(event): + """Signal decorator to allow use of callback functions as class decorators.""" + + def decorator(fn): + def apply(cls): + event.connect(fn, sender=cls) + return cls + + fn.apply = apply + return fn + + return decorator + +Using the first example of updating a modification time the code is now much +cleaner looking while still allowing manual execution of the callback:: + + @handler(signals.pre_save) + def update_modified(sender, document): + document.modified = datetime.utcnow() + + @update_modified.apply + class Record(Document): + modified = DateTimeField() + + +ReferenceFields and Signals --------------------------- Currently `reverse_delete_rules` do not trigger signals on the other part of -the relationship. If this is required you must manually handled the +the relationship. If this is required you must manually handle the reverse deletion. .. _blinker: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/blinker