mongoengine/tests/test_document.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import with_statement
import bson
import os
import pickle
import pymongo
import sys
import unittest
import uuid
import warnings
import operator

from nose.plugins.skip import SkipTest
from datetime import datetime

from tests.fixtures import Base, Mixin, PickleEmbedded, PickleTest

from mongoengine import *
from mongoengine.base import NotRegistered, InvalidDocumentError, get_document
from mongoengine.queryset import InvalidQueryError
from mongoengine.connection import get_db, get_connection

TEST_IMAGE_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'mongoengine.png')


class DocumentTest(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        connect(db='mongoenginetest')
        self.db = get_db()

        class Person(Document):
            name = StringField()
            age = IntField()

            meta = {'allow_inheritance': True}

        self.Person = Person

    def tearDown(self):
        self.Person.drop_collection()

    def test_drop_collection(self):
        """Ensure that the collection may be dropped from the database.
        """
        self.Person(name='Test').save()

        collection = self.Person._get_collection_name()
        self.assertTrue(collection in self.db.collection_names())

        self.Person.drop_collection()
        self.assertFalse(collection in self.db.collection_names())

    def test_queryset_resurrects_dropped_collection(self):

        self.Person.objects().item_frequencies('name')
        self.Person.drop_collection()

        self.assertEqual({}, self.Person.objects().item_frequencies('name'))

        class Actor(self.Person):
            pass

        # Ensure works correctly with inhertited classes
        Actor.objects().item_frequencies('name')
        self.Person.drop_collection()
        self.assertEqual({}, Actor.objects().item_frequencies('name'))

    def test_definition(self):
        """Ensure that document may be defined using fields.
        """
        name_field = StringField()
        age_field = IntField()

        class Person(Document):
            name = name_field
            age = age_field
            non_field = True

        self.assertEqual(Person._fields['name'], name_field)
        self.assertEqual(Person._fields['age'], age_field)
        self.assertFalse('non_field' in Person._fields)
        self.assertTrue('id' in Person._fields)
        # Test iteration over fields
        fields = list(Person())
        self.assertTrue('name' in fields and 'age' in fields)
        # Ensure Document isn't treated like an actual document
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(Document, '_fields'))

    def test_repr(self):
        """Ensure that unicode representation works
        """
        class Article(Document):
            title = StringField()

            def __unicode__(self):
                return self.title

        Article.drop_collection()

        Article(title=u'привет мир').save()

        self.assertEqual('<Article: привет мир>', repr(Article.objects.first()))
        self.assertEqual('[<Article: привет мир>]', repr(Article.objects.all()))

    def test_collection_naming(self):
        """Ensure that a collection with a specified name may be used.
        """

        class DefaultNamingTest(Document):
            pass
        self.assertEqual('default_naming_test', DefaultNamingTest._get_collection_name())

        class CustomNamingTest(Document):
            meta = {'collection': 'pimp_my_collection'}

        self.assertEqual('pimp_my_collection', CustomNamingTest._get_collection_name())

        class DynamicNamingTest(Document):
            meta = {'collection': lambda c: "DYNAMO"}
        self.assertEqual('DYNAMO', DynamicNamingTest._get_collection_name())

        # Use Abstract class to handle backwards compatibility
        class BaseDocument(Document):
            meta = {
                'abstract': True,
                'collection': lambda c: c.__name__.lower()
            }

        class OldNamingConvention(BaseDocument):
            pass
        self.assertEqual('oldnamingconvention', OldNamingConvention._get_collection_name())

        class InheritedAbstractNamingTest(BaseDocument):
            meta = {'collection': 'wibble'}
        self.assertEqual('wibble', InheritedAbstractNamingTest._get_collection_name())


        # Mixin tests
        class BaseMixin(object):
            meta = {
                'collection': lambda c: c.__name__.lower()
            }

        class OldMixinNamingConvention(Document, BaseMixin):
            pass
        self.assertEqual('oldmixinnamingconvention', OldMixinNamingConvention._get_collection_name())

        class BaseMixin(object):
            meta = {
                'collection': lambda c: c.__name__.lower()
            }

        class BaseDocument(Document, BaseMixin):
            meta = {'allow_inheritance': True}

        class MyDocument(BaseDocument):
            pass

        self.assertEqual('basedocument', MyDocument._get_collection_name())

    def test_get_superclasses(self):
        """Ensure that the correct list of superclasses is assembled.
        """
        class Animal(Document):
            meta = {'allow_inheritance': True}
        class Fish(Animal): pass
        class Mammal(Animal): pass
        class Human(Mammal): pass
        class Dog(Mammal): pass

        mammal_superclasses = {'Animal': Animal}
        self.assertEqual(Mammal._superclasses, mammal_superclasses)

        dog_superclasses = {
            'Animal': Animal,
            'Animal.Mammal': Mammal,
        }
        self.assertEqual(Dog._superclasses, dog_superclasses)

    def test_external_superclasses(self):
        """Ensure that the correct list of sub and super classes is assembled.
        when importing part of the model
        """
        class Animal(Base): pass
        class Fish(Animal): pass
        class Mammal(Animal): pass
        class Human(Mammal): pass
        class Dog(Mammal): pass

        mammal_superclasses = {'Base': Base, 'Base.Animal': Animal}
        self.assertEqual(Mammal._superclasses, mammal_superclasses)

        dog_superclasses = {
            'Base': Base,
            'Base.Animal': Animal,
            'Base.Animal.Mammal': Mammal,
        }
        self.assertEqual(Dog._superclasses, dog_superclasses)

        Base.drop_collection()

        h = Human()
        h.save()

        self.assertEqual(Human.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(Mammal.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(Animal.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(Base.objects.count(), 1)
        Base.drop_collection()

    def test_polymorphic_queries(self):
        """Ensure that the correct subclasses are returned from a query"""
        class Animal(Document):
            meta = {'allow_inheritance': True}
        class Fish(Animal): pass
        class Mammal(Animal): pass
        class Human(Mammal): pass
        class Dog(Mammal): pass

        Animal.drop_collection()

        Animal().save()
        Fish().save()
        Mammal().save()
        Human().save()
        Dog().save()

        classes = [obj.__class__ for obj in Animal.objects]
        self.assertEqual(classes, [Animal, Fish, Mammal, Human, Dog])

        classes = [obj.__class__ for obj in Mammal.objects]
        self.assertEqual(classes, [Mammal, Human, Dog])

        classes = [obj.__class__ for obj in Human.objects]
        self.assertEqual(classes, [Human])

        Animal.drop_collection()

    def test_polymorphic_references(self):
        """Ensure that the correct subclasses are returned from a query when
        using references / generic references
        """
        class Animal(Document):
            meta = {'allow_inheritance': True}
        class Fish(Animal): pass
        class Mammal(Animal): pass
        class Human(Mammal): pass
        class Dog(Mammal): pass

        class Zoo(Document):
            animals = ListField(ReferenceField(Animal))

        Zoo.drop_collection()
        Animal.drop_collection()

        Animal().save()
        Fish().save()
        Mammal().save()
        Human().save()
        Dog().save()

        # Save a reference to each animal
        zoo = Zoo(animals=Animal.objects)
        zoo.save()
        zoo.reload()

        classes = [a.__class__ for a in Zoo.objects.first().animals]
        self.assertEqual(classes, [Animal, Fish, Mammal, Human, Dog])

        Zoo.drop_collection()

        class Zoo(Document):
            animals = ListField(GenericReferenceField(Animal))

        # Save a reference to each animal
        zoo = Zoo(animals=Animal.objects)
        zoo.save()
        zoo.reload()

        classes = [a.__class__ for a in Zoo.objects.first().animals]
        self.assertEqual(classes, [Animal, Fish, Mammal, Human, Dog])

        Zoo.drop_collection()
        Animal.drop_collection()

    def test_reference_inheritance(self):
        class Stats(Document):
            created = DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)

            meta = {'allow_inheritance': False}

        class CompareStats(Document):
            generated = DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
            stats = ListField(ReferenceField(Stats))

        Stats.drop_collection()
        CompareStats.drop_collection()

        list_stats = []

        for i in xrange(10):
            s = Stats()
            s.save()
            list_stats.append(s)

        cmp_stats = CompareStats(stats=list_stats)
        cmp_stats.save()

        self.assertEqual(list_stats, CompareStats.objects.first().stats)

    def test_inheritance(self):
        """Ensure that document may inherit fields from a superclass document.
        """
        class Employee(self.Person):
            salary = IntField()

        self.assertTrue('name' in Employee._fields)
        self.assertTrue('salary' in Employee._fields)
        self.assertEqual(Employee._get_collection_name(),
                         self.Person._get_collection_name())

        # Ensure that MRO error is not raised
        class A(Document):
            meta = {'allow_inheritance': True}
        class B(A): pass
        class C(B): pass

    def test_allow_inheritance(self):
        """Ensure that inheritance may be disabled on simple classes and that
        _cls and _types will not be used.
        """

        class Animal(Document):
            name = StringField()
            meta = {'allow_inheritance': False}

        Animal.drop_collection()
        def create_dog_class():
            class Dog(Animal):
                pass
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, create_dog_class)

        # Check that _cls etc aren't present on simple documents
        dog = Animal(name='dog')
        dog.save()
        collection = self.db[Animal._get_collection_name()]
        obj = collection.find_one()
        self.assertFalse('_cls' in obj)
        self.assertFalse('_types' in obj)

        Animal.drop_collection()

        def create_employee_class():
            class Employee(self.Person):
                meta = {'allow_inheritance': False}
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, create_employee_class)

    def test_allow_inheritance_abstract_document(self):
        """Ensure that abstract documents can set inheritance rules and that
        _cls and _types will not be used.
        """
        class FinalDocument(Document):
            meta = {'abstract': True,
                    'allow_inheritance': False}

        class Animal(FinalDocument):
            name = StringField()

        Animal.drop_collection()
        def create_dog_class():
            class Dog(Animal):
                pass
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, create_dog_class)

        # Check that _cls etc aren't present on simple documents
        dog = Animal(name='dog')
        dog.save()
        collection = self.db[Animal._get_collection_name()]
        obj = collection.find_one()
        self.assertFalse('_cls' in obj)
        self.assertFalse('_types' in obj)

        Animal.drop_collection()

    def test_allow_inheritance_embedded_document(self):

        # Test the same for embedded documents
        class Comment(EmbeddedDocument):
            content = StringField()
            meta = {'allow_inheritance': False}

        def create_special_comment():
            class SpecialComment(Comment):
                pass

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, create_special_comment)

        comment = Comment(content='test')
        self.assertFalse('_cls' in comment.to_mongo())
        self.assertFalse('_types' in comment.to_mongo())

        class Comment(EmbeddedDocument):
            content = StringField()
            meta = {'allow_inheritance': True}

        comment = Comment(content='test')
        self.assertTrue('_cls' in comment.to_mongo())
        self.assertTrue('_types' in comment.to_mongo())

    def test_document_inheritance(self):
        """Ensure mutliple inheritance of abstract docs works
        """
        class DateCreatedDocument(Document):
            meta = {
                'allow_inheritance': True,
                'abstract': True,
            }

        class DateUpdatedDocument(Document):
            meta = {
                'allow_inheritance': True,
                'abstract': True,
            }

        try:
            class MyDocument(DateCreatedDocument, DateUpdatedDocument):
                pass
        except:
            self.assertTrue(False, "Couldn't create MyDocument class")

    def test_how_to_turn_off_inheritance(self):
        """Demonstrates migrating from allow_inheritance = True to False.
        """
        class Animal(Document):
            name = StringField()
            meta = {
                'indexes': ['name']
            }

        self.assertEqual(Animal._meta['index_specs'],
                         [{'fields': [('_types', 1), ('name', 1)]}])

        Animal.drop_collection()

        dog = Animal(name='dog')
        dog.save()

        collection = self.db[Animal._get_collection_name()]
        obj = collection.find_one()
        self.assertTrue('_cls' in obj)
        self.assertTrue('_types' in obj)

        info = collection.index_information()
        info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
        self.assertEqual([[('_id', 1)], [('_types', 1), ('name', 1)]],
                         sorted(info, key=operator.itemgetter(0)))

        # Turn off inheritance
        class Animal(Document):
            name = StringField()
            meta = {
                'allow_inheritance': False,
                'indexes': ['name']
            }

        self.assertEqual(Animal._meta['index_specs'],
                         [{'fields': [('name', 1)]}])
        collection.update({}, {"$unset": {"_types": 1, "_cls": 1}},  multi=True)

        # Confirm extra data is removed
        obj = collection.find_one()
        self.assertFalse('_cls' in obj)
        self.assertFalse('_types' in obj)

        info = collection.index_information()
        info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
        self.assertEqual([[(u'_id', 1)], [(u'_types', 1), (u'name', 1)]],
            sorted(info, key=operator.itemgetter(0)))

        info = collection.index_information()
        indexes_to_drop = [key for key, value in info.iteritems() if '_types' in dict(value['key'])]
        for index in indexes_to_drop:
            collection.drop_index(index)

        info = collection.index_information()
        info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
        self.assertEqual([[(u'_id', 1)]],
            sorted(info, key=operator.itemgetter(0)))

        # Recreate indexes
        dog = Animal.objects.first()
        dog.save()
        info = collection.index_information()
        info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
        self.assertEqual([[(u'_id', 1)], [(u'name', 1),]],
            sorted(info, key=operator.itemgetter(0)))

        Animal.drop_collection()

    def test_abstract_documents(self):
        """Ensure that a document superclass can be marked as abstract
        thereby not using it as the name for the collection."""

        defaults = {'index_background': True,
                    'index_drop_dups': True,
                    'index_opts': {'hello': 'world'},
                    'allow_inheritance': True,
                    'queryset_class': 'QuerySet',
                    'db_alias': 'myDB',
                    'shard_key': ('hello', 'world')}

        meta_settings = {'abstract': True}
        meta_settings.update(defaults)

        class Animal(Document):
            name = StringField()
            meta = meta_settings

        class Fish(Animal): pass
        class Guppy(Fish): pass

        class Mammal(Animal):
            meta = {'abstract': True}
        class Human(Mammal): pass

        for k, v in defaults.iteritems():
            for cls in [Animal, Fish, Guppy]:
                self.assertEqual(cls._meta[k], v)

        self.assertFalse('collection' in Animal._meta)
        self.assertFalse('collection' in Mammal._meta)

        self.assertEqual(Animal._get_collection_name(), None)
        self.assertEqual(Mammal._get_collection_name(), None)

        self.assertEqual(Fish._get_collection_name(), 'fish')
        self.assertEqual(Guppy._get_collection_name(), 'fish')
        self.assertEqual(Human._get_collection_name(), 'human')

        def create_bad_abstract():
            class EvilHuman(Human):
                evil = BooleanField(default=True)
                meta = {'abstract': True}
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, create_bad_abstract)

    def test_collection_name(self):
        """Ensure that a collection with a specified name may be used.
        """
        collection = 'personCollTest'
        if collection in self.db.collection_names():
            self.db.drop_collection(collection)

        class Person(Document):
            name = StringField()
            meta = {'collection': collection}

        user = Person(name="Test User")
        user.save()
        self.assertTrue(collection in self.db.collection_names())

        user_obj = self.db[collection].find_one()
        self.assertEqual(user_obj['name'], "Test User")

        user_obj = Person.objects[0]
        self.assertEqual(user_obj.name, "Test User")

        Person.drop_collection()
        self.assertFalse(collection in self.db.collection_names())

    def test_collection_name_and_primary(self):
        """Ensure that a collection with a specified name may be used.
        """

        class Person(Document):
            name = StringField(primary_key=True)
            meta = {'collection': 'app'}

        user = Person(name="Test User")
        user.save()

        user_obj = Person.objects[0]
        self.assertEqual(user_obj.name, "Test User")

        Person.drop_collection()

    def test_inherited_collections(self):
        """Ensure that subclassed documents don't override parents' collections.
        """

        class Drink(Document):
            name = StringField()
            meta = {'allow_inheritance': True}

        class Drinker(Document):
            drink = GenericReferenceField()

        try:
            warnings.simplefilter("error")

            class AcloholicDrink(Drink):
                meta = {'collection': 'booze'}

        except SyntaxWarning, w:
            warnings.simplefilter("ignore")

            class AlcoholicDrink(Drink):
                meta = {'collection': 'booze'}

        else:
            raise AssertionError("SyntaxWarning should be triggered")

        warnings.resetwarnings()

        Drink.drop_collection()
        AlcoholicDrink.drop_collection()
        Drinker.drop_collection()

        red_bull = Drink(name='Red Bull')
        red_bull.save()

        programmer = Drinker(drink=red_bull)
        programmer.save()

        beer = AlcoholicDrink(name='Beer')
        beer.save()
        real_person = Drinker(drink=beer)
        real_person.save()

        self.assertEqual(Drinker.objects[0].drink.name, red_bull.name)
        self.assertEqual(Drinker.objects[1].drink.name, beer.name)

    def test_capped_collection(self):
        """Ensure that capped collections work properly.
        """
        class Log(Document):
            date = DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
            meta = {
                'max_documents': 10,
                'max_size': 90000,
            }

        Log.drop_collection()

        # Ensure that the collection handles up to its maximum
        for i in range(10):
            Log().save()

        self.assertEqual(len(Log.objects), 10)

        # Check that extra documents don't increase the size
        Log().save()
        self.assertEqual(len(Log.objects), 10)

        options = Log.objects._collection.options()
        self.assertEqual(options['capped'], True)
        self.assertEqual(options['max'], 10)
        self.assertEqual(options['size'], 90000)

        # Check that the document cannot be redefined with different options
        def recreate_log_document():
            class Log(Document):
                date = DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
                meta = {
                    'max_documents': 11,
                }
            # Create the collection by accessing Document.objects
            Log.objects
        self.assertRaises(InvalidCollectionError, recreate_log_document)

        Log.drop_collection()

    def test_indexes(self):
        """Ensure that indexes are used when meta[indexes] is specified.
        """
        class BlogPost(Document):
            date = DateTimeField(db_field='addDate', default=datetime.now)
            category = StringField()
            tags = ListField(StringField())
            meta = {
                'indexes': [
                    '-date',
                    'tags',
                    ('category', '-date')
                ],
                'allow_inheritance': True
            }

        self.assertEqual(BlogPost._meta['index_specs'],
                         [{'fields': [('_types', 1), ('addDate', -1)]},
                          {'fields': [('tags', 1)]},
                          {'fields': [('_types', 1), ('category', 1),
                                      ('addDate', -1)]}])

        BlogPost.drop_collection()

        info = BlogPost.objects._collection.index_information()
        # _id, '-date', 'tags', ('cat', 'date')
        # NB: there is no index on _types by itself, since
        # the indices on -date and tags will both contain
        # _types as first element in the key
        self.assertEqual(len(info), 4)

        # Indexes are lazy so use list() to perform query
        list(BlogPost.objects)
        info = BlogPost.objects._collection.index_information()
        info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
        self.assertTrue([('_types', 1), ('category', 1), ('addDate', -1)]
                        in info)
        self.assertTrue([('_types', 1), ('addDate', -1)] in info)
        # tags is a list field so it shouldn't have _types in the index
        self.assertTrue([('tags', 1)] in info)

        class ExtendedBlogPost(BlogPost):
            title = StringField()
            meta = {'indexes': ['title']}

        self.assertEqual(ExtendedBlogPost._meta['index_specs'],
                         [{'fields': [('_types', 1), ('addDate', -1)]},
                          {'fields': [('tags', 1)]},
                          {'fields': [('_types', 1), ('category', 1),
                                      ('addDate', -1)]},
                          {'fields': [('_types', 1), ('title', 1)]}])

        BlogPost.drop_collection()

        list(ExtendedBlogPost.objects)
        info = ExtendedBlogPost.objects._collection.index_information()
        info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
        self.assertTrue([('_types', 1), ('category', 1), ('addDate', -1)]
                        in info)
        self.assertTrue([('_types', 1), ('addDate', -1)] in info)
        self.assertTrue([('_types', 1), ('title', 1)] in info)

        BlogPost.drop_collection()

    def test_inherited_index(self):
        """Ensure index specs are inhertited correctly"""

        class A(Document):
            title = StringField()
            meta = {
                'indexes': [
                        {
                        'fields': ('title',),
                        },
                ],
                'allow_inheritance': True,
                }

        class B(A):
            description = StringField()

        self.assertEqual(A._meta['index_specs'], B._meta['index_specs'])
        self.assertEqual([{'fields': [('_types', 1), ('title', 1)]}],
                         A._meta['index_specs'])

    def test_build_index_spec_is_not_destructive(self):

        class MyDoc(Document):
            keywords = StringField()

            meta = {
                'indexes': ['keywords'],
                'allow_inheritance': False
            }

        self.assertEqual(MyDoc._meta['index_specs'],
                         [{'fields': [('keywords', 1)]}])

        # Force index creation
        MyDoc.objects._ensure_indexes()

        self.assertEqual(MyDoc._meta['index_specs'],
                        [{'fields': [('keywords', 1)]}])

    def test_db_field_load(self):
        """Ensure we load data correctly
        """
        class Person(Document):
            name = StringField(required=True)
            _rank = StringField(required=False, db_field="rank")

            @property
            def rank(self):
                return self._rank or "Private"

        Person.drop_collection()

        Person(name="Jack", _rank="Corporal").save()

        Person(name="Fred").save()

        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.get(name="Jack").rank, "Corporal")
        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.get(name="Fred").rank, "Private")

    def test_db_embedded_doc_field_load(self):
        """Ensure we load embedded document data correctly
        """
        class Rank(EmbeddedDocument):
            title = StringField(required=True)

        class Person(Document):
            name = StringField(required=True)
            rank_ = EmbeddedDocumentField(Rank, required=False, db_field='rank')

            @property
            def rank(self):
                return self.rank_.title if self.rank_ is not None else "Private"

        Person.drop_collection()

        Person(name="Jack", rank_=Rank(title="Corporal")).save()

        Person(name="Fred").save()

        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.get(name="Jack").rank, "Corporal")
        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.get(name="Fred").rank, "Private")

    def test_embedded_document_index_meta(self):
        """Ensure that embedded document indexes are created explicitly
        """
        class Rank(EmbeddedDocument):
            title = StringField(required=True)

        class Person(Document):
            name = StringField(required=True)
            rank = EmbeddedDocumentField(Rank, required=False)

            meta = {
                'indexes': [
                    'rank.title',
                ],
                'allow_inheritance': False
            }

        self.assertEqual([{'fields': [('rank.title', 1)]}],
                        Person._meta['index_specs'])

        Person.drop_collection()

        # Indexes are lazy so use list() to perform query
        list(Person.objects)
        info = Person.objects._collection.index_information()
        info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
        self.assertTrue([('rank.title', 1)] in info)

    def test_explicit_geo2d_index(self):
        """Ensure that geo2d indexes work when created via meta[indexes]
        """
        class Place(Document):
            location = DictField()
            meta = {
                'indexes': [
                    '*location.point',
                ],
            }

        self.assertEqual([{'fields': [('location.point', '2d')]}],
                        Place._meta['index_specs'])

        Place.drop_collection()

        info = Place.objects._collection.index_information()
        # Indexes are lazy so use list() to perform query
        list(Place.objects)
        info = Place.objects._collection.index_information()
        info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]

        self.assertTrue([('location.point', '2d')] in info)

    def test_dictionary_indexes(self):
        """Ensure that indexes are used when meta[indexes] contains dictionaries
        instead of lists.
        """
        class BlogPost(Document):
            date = DateTimeField(db_field='addDate', default=datetime.now)
            category = StringField()
            tags = ListField(StringField())
            meta = {
                'indexes': [
                    {'fields': ['-date'], 'unique': True,
                      'sparse': True, 'types': False },
                ],
            }

        self.assertEqual([{'fields': [('addDate', -1)], 'unique': True,
                          'sparse': True, 'types': False}],
                        BlogPost._meta['index_specs'])

        BlogPost.drop_collection()

        info = BlogPost.objects._collection.index_information()
        # _id, '-date'
        self.assertEqual(len(info), 3)

        # Indexes are lazy so use list() to perform query
        list(BlogPost.objects)
        info = BlogPost.objects._collection.index_information()
        info = [(value['key'],
                 value.get('unique', False),
                 value.get('sparse', False))
                for key, value in info.iteritems()]
        self.assertTrue(([('addDate', -1)], True, True) in info)

        BlogPost.drop_collection()

    def test_abstract_index_inheritance(self):

        class UserBase(Document):
            meta = {
                'abstract': True,
                'indexes': ['user_guid']
            }

            user_guid = StringField(required=True)

        class Person(UserBase):
            meta = {
                'indexes': ['name'],
            }

            name = StringField()

        Person.drop_collection()

        p = Person(name="test", user_guid='123')
        p.save()

        self.assertEqual(1, Person.objects.count())
        info = Person.objects._collection.index_information()
        self.assertEqual(sorted(info.keys()), ['_id_', '_types_1_name_1', '_types_1_user_guid_1'])
        Person.drop_collection()

    def test_disable_index_creation(self):
        """Tests setting auto_create_index to False on the connection will
        disable any index generation.
        """
        class User(Document):
            meta = {
                'indexes': ['user_guid'],
                'auto_create_index': False
            }
            user_guid = StringField(required=True)


        User.drop_collection()

        u = User(user_guid='123')
        u.save()

        self.assertEqual(1, User.objects.count())
        info = User.objects._collection.index_information()
        self.assertEqual(info.keys(), ['_id_'])
        User.drop_collection()

    def test_embedded_document_index(self):
        """Tests settings an index on an embedded document
        """
        class Date(EmbeddedDocument):
            year = IntField(db_field='yr')

        class BlogPost(Document):
            title = StringField()
            date = EmbeddedDocumentField(Date)

            meta = {
                'indexes': [
                    '-date.year'
                ],
            }

        BlogPost.drop_collection()

        info = BlogPost.objects._collection.index_information()
        self.assertEqual(sorted(info.keys()), [ '_id_', '_types_1_date.yr_-1'])
        BlogPost.drop_collection()

    def test_list_embedded_document_index(self):
        """Ensure list embedded documents can be indexed
        """
        class Tag(EmbeddedDocument):
            name = StringField(db_field='tag')

        class BlogPost(Document):
            title = StringField()
            tags = ListField(EmbeddedDocumentField(Tag))

            meta = {
                'indexes': [
                    'tags.name'
                ],
            }

        BlogPost.drop_collection()

        info = BlogPost.objects._collection.index_information()
        # we don't use _types in with list fields by default
        self.assertEqual(sorted(info.keys()),
                         ['_id_', '_types_1', 'tags.tag_1'])

        post1 = BlogPost(title="Embedded Indexes tests in place",
                        tags=[Tag(name="about"), Tag(name="time")]
                )
        post1.save()
        BlogPost.drop_collection()

    def test_recursive_embedded_objects_dont_break_indexes(self):

        class RecursiveObject(EmbeddedDocument):
            obj = EmbeddedDocumentField('self')

        class RecursiveDocument(Document):
            recursive_obj = EmbeddedDocumentField(RecursiveObject)

        info = RecursiveDocument.objects._collection.index_information()
        self.assertEqual(sorted(info.keys()), ['_id_', '_types_1'])

    def test_geo_indexes_recursion(self):

        class Location(Document):
            name = StringField()
            location = GeoPointField()

        class Parent(Document):
            name = StringField()
            location = ReferenceField(Location)

        Location.drop_collection()
        Parent.drop_collection()

        list(Parent.objects)

        collection = Parent._get_collection()
        info = collection.index_information()

        self.assertFalse('location_2d' in info)

        self.assertEqual(len(Parent._geo_indices()), 0)
        self.assertEqual(len(Location._geo_indices()), 1)

    def test_covered_index(self):
        """Ensure that covered indexes can be used
        """

        class Test(Document):
            a = IntField()

            meta = {
                'indexes': ['a'],
                'allow_inheritance': False
                }

        Test.drop_collection()

        obj = Test(a=1)
        obj.save()

        # Need to be explicit about covered indexes as mongoDB doesn't know if
        # the documents returned might have more keys in that here.
        query_plan = Test.objects(id=obj.id).exclude('a').explain()
        self.assertFalse(query_plan['indexOnly'])

        query_plan = Test.objects(id=obj.id).only('id').explain()
        self.assertTrue(query_plan['indexOnly'])

        query_plan = Test.objects(a=1).only('a').exclude('id').explain()
        self.assertTrue(query_plan['indexOnly'])

    def test_index_on_id(self):

        class BlogPost(Document):
            meta = {
                'indexes': [
                    ['categories', 'id']
                ],
                'allow_inheritance': False
            }

            title = StringField(required=True)
            description = StringField(required=True)
            categories = ListField()

        BlogPost.drop_collection()

        indexes = BlogPost.objects._collection.index_information()
        self.assertEqual(indexes['categories_1__id_1']['key'],
                                 [('categories', 1), ('_id', 1)])

    def test_hint(self):

        class BlogPost(Document):
            tags = ListField(StringField())
            meta = {
                'indexes': [
                    'tags',
                ],
            }

        BlogPost.drop_collection()

        for i in xrange(0, 10):
            tags = [("tag %i" % n) for n in xrange(0, i % 2)]
            BlogPost(tags=tags).save()

        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects.count(), 10)
        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects.hint().count(), 10)
        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects.hint([('tags', 1)]).count(), 10)

        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects.hint([('ZZ', 1)]).count(), 10)

        def invalid_index():
            BlogPost.objects.hint('tags')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, invalid_index)

        def invalid_index_2():
            return BlogPost.objects.hint(('tags', 1))
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, invalid_index_2)

    def test_unique(self):
        """Ensure that uniqueness constraints are applied to fields.
        """
        class BlogPost(Document):
            title = StringField()
            slug = StringField(unique=True)

        BlogPost.drop_collection()

        post1 = BlogPost(title='test1', slug='test')
        post1.save()

        # Two posts with the same slug is not allowed
        post2 = BlogPost(title='test2', slug='test')
        self.assertRaises(NotUniqueError, post2.save)

        # Ensure backwards compatibilty for errors
        self.assertRaises(OperationError, post2.save)

    def test_unique_with(self):
        """Ensure that unique_with constraints are applied to fields.
        """
        class Date(EmbeddedDocument):
            year = IntField(db_field='yr')

        class BlogPost(Document):
            title = StringField()
            date = EmbeddedDocumentField(Date)
            slug = StringField(unique_with='date.year')

        BlogPost.drop_collection()

        post1 = BlogPost(title='test1', date=Date(year=2009), slug='test')
        post1.save()

        # day is different so won't raise exception
        post2 = BlogPost(title='test2', date=Date(year=2010), slug='test')
        post2.save()

        # Now there will be two docs with the same slug and the same day: fail
        post3 = BlogPost(title='test3', date=Date(year=2010), slug='test')
        self.assertRaises(OperationError, post3.save)

        BlogPost.drop_collection()

    def test_unique_embedded_document(self):
        """Ensure that uniqueness constraints are applied to fields on embedded documents.
        """
        class SubDocument(EmbeddedDocument):
            year = IntField(db_field='yr')
            slug = StringField(unique=True)

        class BlogPost(Document):
            title = StringField()
            sub = EmbeddedDocumentField(SubDocument)

        BlogPost.drop_collection()

        post1 = BlogPost(title='test1', sub=SubDocument(year=2009, slug="test"))
        post1.save()

        # sub.slug is different so won't raise exception
        post2 = BlogPost(title='test2', sub=SubDocument(year=2010, slug='another-slug'))
        post2.save()

        # Now there will be two docs with the same sub.slug
        post3 = BlogPost(title='test3', sub=SubDocument(year=2010, slug='test'))
        self.assertRaises(NotUniqueError, post3.save)

        BlogPost.drop_collection()

    def test_unique_with_embedded_document_and_embedded_unique(self):
        """Ensure that uniqueness constraints are applied to fields on
        embedded documents.  And work with unique_with as well.
        """
        class SubDocument(EmbeddedDocument):
            year = IntField(db_field='yr')
            slug = StringField(unique=True)

        class BlogPost(Document):
            title = StringField(unique_with='sub.year')
            sub = EmbeddedDocumentField(SubDocument)

        BlogPost.drop_collection()

        post1 = BlogPost(title='test1', sub=SubDocument(year=2009, slug="test"))
        post1.save()

        # sub.slug is different so won't raise exception
        post2 = BlogPost(title='test2', sub=SubDocument(year=2010, slug='another-slug'))
        post2.save()

        # Now there will be two docs with the same sub.slug
        post3 = BlogPost(title='test3', sub=SubDocument(year=2010, slug='test'))
        self.assertRaises(NotUniqueError, post3.save)

        # Now there will be two docs with the same title and year
        post3 = BlogPost(title='test1', sub=SubDocument(year=2009, slug='test-1'))
        self.assertRaises(NotUniqueError, post3.save)

        BlogPost.drop_collection()

    def test_ttl_indexes(self):

        class Log(Document):
            created = DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
            meta = {
                'indexes': [
                    {'fields': ['created'], 'expireAfterSeconds': 3600}
                ]
            }

        Log.drop_collection()

        if pymongo.version_tuple[0] < 2 and pymongo.version_tuple[1] < 3:
            raise SkipTest('pymongo needs to be 2.3 or higher for this test')

        connection = get_connection()
        version_array = connection.server_info()['versionArray']
        if version_array[0] < 2 and version_array[1] < 2:
            raise SkipTest('MongoDB needs to be 2.2 or higher for this test')

        # Indexes are lazy so use list() to perform query
        list(Log.objects)
        info = Log.objects._collection.index_information()
        self.assertEqual(3600,
                info['_types_1_created_1']['expireAfterSeconds'])

    def test_unique_and_indexes(self):
        """Ensure that 'unique' constraints aren't overridden by
        meta.indexes.
        """
        class Customer(Document):
            cust_id = IntField(unique=True, required=True)
            meta = {
                'indexes': ['cust_id'],
                'allow_inheritance': False,
            }

        Customer.drop_collection()
        cust = Customer(cust_id=1)
        cust.save()

        cust_dupe = Customer(cust_id=1)
        try:
            cust_dupe.save()
            raise AssertionError, "We saved a dupe!"
        except NotUniqueError:
            pass
        Customer.drop_collection()

    def test_unique_and_primary(self):
        """If you set a field as primary, then unexpected behaviour can occur.
        You won't create a duplicate but you will update an existing document.
        """

        class User(Document):
            name = StringField(primary_key=True, unique=True)
            password = StringField()

        User.drop_collection()

        user = User(name='huangz', password='secret')
        user.save()

        user = User(name='huangz', password='secret2')
        user.save()

        self.assertEqual(User.objects.count(), 1)
        self.assertEqual(User.objects.get().password, 'secret2')

        User.drop_collection()

    def test_custom_id_field(self):
        """Ensure that documents may be created with custom primary keys.
        """
        class User(Document):
            username = StringField(primary_key=True)
            name = StringField()

            meta = {'allow_inheritance': True}

        User.drop_collection()

        self.assertEqual(User._fields['username'].db_field, '_id')
        self.assertEqual(User._meta['id_field'], 'username')

        def create_invalid_user():
            User(name='test').save() # no primary key field
        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, create_invalid_user)

        def define_invalid_user():
            class EmailUser(User):
                email = StringField(primary_key=True)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, define_invalid_user)

        class EmailUser(User):
            email = StringField()

        user = User(username='test', name='test user')
        user.save()

        user_obj = User.objects.first()
        self.assertEqual(user_obj.id, 'test')
        self.assertEqual(user_obj.pk, 'test')

        user_son = User.objects._collection.find_one()
        self.assertEqual(user_son['_id'], 'test')
        self.assertTrue('username' not in user_son['_id'])

        User.drop_collection()

        user = User(pk='mongo', name='mongo user')
        user.save()

        user_obj = User.objects.first()
        self.assertEqual(user_obj.id, 'mongo')
        self.assertEqual(user_obj.pk, 'mongo')

        user_son = User.objects._collection.find_one()
        self.assertEqual(user_son['_id'], 'mongo')
        self.assertTrue('username' not in user_son['_id'])

        User.drop_collection()

    def test_document_not_registered(self):

        class Place(Document):
            name = StringField()

            meta = {'allow_inheritance': True}

        class NicePlace(Place):
            pass

        Place.drop_collection()

        Place(name="London").save()
        NicePlace(name="Buckingham Palace").save()

        # Mimic Place and NicePlace definitions being in a different file
        # and the NicePlace model not being imported in at query time.
        from mongoengine.base import _document_registry
        del(_document_registry['Place.NicePlace'])

        def query_without_importing_nice_place():
            print Place.objects.all()
        self.assertRaises(NotRegistered, query_without_importing_nice_place)

    def test_document_registry_regressions(self):

        class Location(Document):
            name = StringField()
            meta = {'allow_inheritance': True}

        class Area(Location):
            location = ReferenceField('Location', dbref=True)

        Location.drop_collection()

        self.assertEquals(Area, get_document("Area"))
        self.assertEquals(Area, get_document("Location.Area"))

    def test_creation(self):
        """Ensure that document may be created using keyword arguments.
        """
        person = self.Person(name="Test User", age=30)
        self.assertEqual(person.name, "Test User")
        self.assertEqual(person.age, 30)

    def test_to_dbref(self):
        """Ensure that you can get a dbref of a document"""
        person = self.Person(name="Test User", age=30)
        self.assertRaises(OperationError, person.to_dbref)
        person.save()

        person.to_dbref()

    def test_reload(self):
        """Ensure that attributes may be reloaded.
        """
        person = self.Person(name="Test User", age=20)
        person.save()

        person_obj = self.Person.objects.first()
        person_obj.name = "Mr Test User"
        person_obj.age = 21
        person_obj.save()

        self.assertEqual(person.name, "Test User")
        self.assertEqual(person.age, 20)

        person.reload()
        self.assertEqual(person.name, "Mr Test User")
        self.assertEqual(person.age, 21)

    def test_reload_sharded(self):
        class Animal(Document):
            superphylum = StringField()
            meta = {'shard_key': ('superphylum',)}

        Animal.drop_collection()
        doc = Animal(superphylum = 'Deuterostomia')
        doc.save()
        doc.reload()
        Animal.drop_collection()

    def test_reload_referencing(self):
        """Ensures reloading updates weakrefs correctly
        """
        class Embedded(EmbeddedDocument):
            dict_field = DictField()
            list_field = ListField()

        class Doc(Document):
            dict_field = DictField()
            list_field = ListField()
            embedded_field = EmbeddedDocumentField(Embedded)

        Doc.drop_collection()
        doc = Doc()
        doc.dict_field = {'hello': 'world'}
        doc.list_field = ['1', 2, {'hello': 'world'}]

        embedded_1 = Embedded()
        embedded_1.dict_field = {'hello': 'world'}
        embedded_1.list_field = ['1', 2, {'hello': 'world'}]
        doc.embedded_field = embedded_1
        doc.save()

        doc = doc.reload(10)
        doc.list_field.append(1)
        doc.dict_field['woot'] = "woot"
        doc.embedded_field.list_field.append(1)
        doc.embedded_field.dict_field['woot'] = "woot"

        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), [
            'list_field', 'dict_field', 'embedded_field.list_field',
            'embedded_field.dict_field'])
        doc.save()

        doc = doc.reload(10)
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), [])
        self.assertEqual(len(doc.list_field), 4)
        self.assertEqual(len(doc.dict_field), 2)
        self.assertEqual(len(doc.embedded_field.list_field), 4)
        self.assertEqual(len(doc.embedded_field.dict_field), 2)

    def test_dictionary_access(self):
        """Ensure that dictionary-style field access works properly.
        """
        person = self.Person(name='Test User', age=30)
        self.assertEqual(person['name'], 'Test User')

        self.assertRaises(KeyError, person.__getitem__, 'salary')
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, person.__setitem__, 'salary', 50)

        person['name'] = 'Another User'
        self.assertEqual(person['name'], 'Another User')

        # Length = length(assigned fields + id)
        self.assertEqual(len(person), 3)

        self.assertTrue('age' in person)
        person.age = None
        self.assertFalse('age' in person)
        self.assertFalse('nationality' in person)

    def test_embedded_document(self):
        """Ensure that embedded documents are set up correctly.
        """
        class Comment(EmbeddedDocument):
            content = StringField()

        self.assertTrue('content' in Comment._fields)
        self.assertFalse('id' in Comment._fields)

    def test_embedded_document_validation(self):
        """Ensure that embedded documents may be validated.
        """
        class Comment(EmbeddedDocument):
            date = DateTimeField()
            content = StringField(required=True)

        comment = Comment()
        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, comment.validate)

        comment.content = 'test'
        comment.validate()

        comment.date = 4
        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, comment.validate)

        comment.date = datetime.now()
        comment.validate()

    def test_embedded_db_field_validate(self):

        class SubDoc(EmbeddedDocument):
            val = IntField()

        class Doc(Document):
            e = EmbeddedDocumentField(SubDoc, db_field='eb')

        Doc.drop_collection()

        Doc(e=SubDoc(val=15)).save()

        doc = Doc.objects.first()
        doc.validate()
        keys = doc._data.keys()
        self.assertEqual(2, len(keys))
        self.assertTrue(None in keys)
        self.assertTrue('e' in keys)

    def test_save(self):
        """Ensure that a document may be saved in the database.
        """
        # Create person object and save it to the database
        person = self.Person(name='Test User', age=30)
        person.save()
        # Ensure that the object is in the database
        collection = self.db[self.Person._get_collection_name()]
        person_obj = collection.find_one({'name': 'Test User'})
        self.assertEqual(person_obj['name'], 'Test User')
        self.assertEqual(person_obj['age'], 30)
        self.assertEqual(person_obj['_id'], person.id)
        # Test skipping validation on save
        class Recipient(Document):
            email = EmailField(required=True)

        recipient = Recipient(email='root@localhost')
        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, recipient.save)
        try:
            recipient.save(validate=False)
        except ValidationError:
            self.fail()

    def test_save_to_a_value_that_equates_to_false(self):

        class Thing(EmbeddedDocument):
            count = IntField()

        class User(Document):
            thing = EmbeddedDocumentField(Thing)

        User.drop_collection()

        user = User(thing=Thing(count=1))
        user.save()
        user.reload()

        user.thing.count = 0
        user.save()

        user.reload()
        self.assertEqual(user.thing.count, 0)

    def test_save_max_recursion_not_hit(self):

        class Person(Document):
            name = StringField()
            parent = ReferenceField('self')
            friend = ReferenceField('self')

        Person.drop_collection()

        p1 = Person(name="Wilson Snr")
        p1.parent = None
        p1.save()

        p2 = Person(name="Wilson Jr")
        p2.parent = p1
        p2.save()

        p1.friend = p2
        p1.save()

        # Confirm can save and it resets the changed fields without hitting
        # max recursion error
        p0 = Person.objects.first()
        p0.name = 'wpjunior'
        p0.save()

    def test_save_max_recursion_not_hit_with_file_field(self):

        class Foo(Document):
            name = StringField()
            picture = FileField()
            bar = ReferenceField('self')

        Foo.drop_collection()

        a = Foo(name='hello')
        a.save()

        a.bar = a
        with open(TEST_IMAGE_PATH, 'rb') as test_image:
            a.picture = test_image
            a.save()

            # Confirm can save and it resets the changed fields without hitting
            # max recursion error
            b = Foo.objects.with_id(a.id)
            b.name='world'
            b.save()

            self.assertEqual(b.picture, b.bar.picture, b.bar.bar.picture)

    def test_save_cascades(self):

        class Person(Document):
            name = StringField()
            parent = ReferenceField('self')

        Person.drop_collection()

        p1 = Person(name="Wilson Snr")
        p1.parent = None
        p1.save()

        p2 = Person(name="Wilson Jr")
        p2.parent = p1
        p2.save()

        p = Person.objects(name="Wilson Jr").get()
        p.parent.name = "Daddy Wilson"
        p.save()

        p1.reload()
        self.assertEqual(p1.name, p.parent.name)

    def test_save_cascade_kwargs(self):

        class Person(Document):
            name = StringField()
            parent = ReferenceField('self')

        Person.drop_collection()

        p1 = Person(name="Wilson Snr")
        p1.parent = None
        p1.save()

        p2 = Person(name="Wilson Jr")
        p2.parent = p1
        p2.save(force_insert=True, cascade_kwargs={"force_insert": False})

        p = Person.objects(name="Wilson Jr").get()
        p.parent.name = "Daddy Wilson"
        p.save()

        p1.reload()
        self.assertEqual(p1.name, p.parent.name)

    def test_save_cascade_meta(self):

        class Person(Document):
            name = StringField()
            parent = ReferenceField('self')

            meta = {'cascade': False}

        Person.drop_collection()

        p1 = Person(name="Wilson Snr")
        p1.parent = None
        p1.save()

        p2 = Person(name="Wilson Jr")
        p2.parent = p1
        p2.save()

        p = Person.objects(name="Wilson Jr").get()
        p.parent.name = "Daddy Wilson"
        p.save()

        p1.reload()
        self.assertNotEqual(p1.name, p.parent.name)

        p.save(cascade=True)
        p1.reload()
        self.assertEqual(p1.name, p.parent.name)

    def test_save_cascades_generically(self):

        class Person(Document):
            name = StringField()
            parent = GenericReferenceField()

        Person.drop_collection()

        p1 = Person(name="Wilson Snr")
        p1.save()

        p2 = Person(name="Wilson Jr")
        p2.parent = p1
        p2.save()

        p = Person.objects(name="Wilson Jr").get()
        p.parent.name = "Daddy Wilson"
        p.save()

        p1.reload()
        self.assertEqual(p1.name, p.parent.name)

    def test_update(self):
        """Ensure that an existing document is updated instead of be overwritten.
        """
        # Create person object and save it to the database
        person = self.Person(name='Test User', age=30)
        person.save()

        # Create same person object, with same id, without age
        same_person = self.Person(name='Test')
        same_person.id = person.id
        same_person.save()

        # Confirm only one object
        self.assertEqual(self.Person.objects.count(), 1)

        # reload
        person.reload()
        same_person.reload()

        # Confirm the same
        self.assertEqual(person, same_person)
        self.assertEqual(person.name, same_person.name)
        self.assertEqual(person.age, same_person.age)

        # Confirm the saved values
        self.assertEqual(person.name, 'Test')
        self.assertEqual(person.age, 30)

        # Test only / exclude only updates included fields
        person = self.Person.objects.only('name').get()
        person.name = 'User'
        person.save()

        person.reload()
        self.assertEqual(person.name, 'User')
        self.assertEqual(person.age, 30)

        # test exclude only updates set fields
        person = self.Person.objects.exclude('name').get()
        person.age = 21
        person.save()

        person.reload()
        self.assertEqual(person.name, 'User')
        self.assertEqual(person.age, 21)

        # Test only / exclude can set non excluded / included fields
        person = self.Person.objects.only('name').get()
        person.name = 'Test'
        person.age = 30
        person.save()

        person.reload()
        self.assertEqual(person.name, 'Test')
        self.assertEqual(person.age, 30)

        # test exclude only updates set fields
        person = self.Person.objects.exclude('name').get()
        person.name = 'User'
        person.age = 21
        person.save()

        person.reload()
        self.assertEqual(person.name, 'User')
        self.assertEqual(person.age, 21)

        # Confirm does remove unrequired fields
        person = self.Person.objects.exclude('name').get()
        person.age = None
        person.save()

        person.reload()
        self.assertEqual(person.name, 'User')
        self.assertEqual(person.age, None)

        person = self.Person.objects.get()
        person.name = None
        person.age = None
        person.save()

        person.reload()
        self.assertEqual(person.name, None)
        self.assertEqual(person.age, None)

    def test_can_save_if_not_included(self):

        class EmbeddedDoc(EmbeddedDocument):
            pass

        class Simple(Document):
            pass

        class Doc(Document):
            string_field = StringField(default='1')
            int_field = IntField(default=1)
            float_field = FloatField(default=1.1)
            boolean_field = BooleanField(default=True)
            datetime_field = DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
            embedded_document_field = EmbeddedDocumentField(EmbeddedDoc, default=lambda: EmbeddedDoc())
            list_field = ListField(default=lambda: [1, 2, 3])
            dict_field = DictField(default=lambda: {"hello": "world"})
            objectid_field = ObjectIdField(default=bson.ObjectId)
            reference_field = ReferenceField(Simple, default=lambda: Simple().save())
            map_field = MapField(IntField(), default=lambda: {"simple": 1})
            decimal_field = DecimalField(default=1.0)
            complex_datetime_field = ComplexDateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
            url_field = URLField(default="http://mongoengine.org")
            dynamic_field = DynamicField(default=1)
            generic_reference_field = GenericReferenceField(default=lambda: Simple().save())
            sorted_list_field = SortedListField(IntField(), default=lambda: [1, 2, 3])
            email_field = EmailField(default="ross@example.com")
            geo_point_field = GeoPointField(default=lambda: [1, 2])
            sequence_field = SequenceField()
            uuid_field = UUIDField(default=uuid.uuid4)
            generic_embedded_document_field = GenericEmbeddedDocumentField(default=lambda: EmbeddedDoc())


        Simple.drop_collection()
        Doc.drop_collection()

        Doc().save()

        my_doc = Doc.objects.only("string_field").first()
        my_doc.string_field = "string"
        my_doc.save()

        my_doc = Doc.objects.get(string_field="string")
        self.assertEqual(my_doc.string_field, "string")
        self.assertEqual(my_doc.int_field, 1)

    def test_document_update(self):

        def update_not_saved_raises():
            person = self.Person(name='dcrosta')
            person.update(set__name='Dan Crosta')

        self.assertRaises(OperationError, update_not_saved_raises)

        author = self.Person(name='dcrosta')
        author.save()

        author.update(set__name='Dan Crosta')
        author.reload()

        p1 = self.Person.objects.first()
        self.assertEqual(p1.name, author.name)

        def update_no_value_raises():
            person = self.Person.objects.first()
            person.update()

        self.assertRaises(OperationError, update_no_value_raises)

        def update_no_op_raises():
            person = self.Person.objects.first()
            person.update(name="Dan")

        self.assertRaises(InvalidQueryError, update_no_op_raises)

    def test_embedded_update(self):
        """
        Test update on `EmbeddedDocumentField` fields
        """

        class Page(EmbeddedDocument):
            log_message = StringField(verbose_name="Log message",
                                      required=True)

        class Site(Document):
            page = EmbeddedDocumentField(Page)


        Site.drop_collection()
        site = Site(page=Page(log_message="Warning: Dummy message"))
        site.save()

        # Update
        site = Site.objects.first()
        site.page.log_message = "Error: Dummy message"
        site.save()

        site = Site.objects.first()
        self.assertEqual(site.page.log_message, "Error: Dummy message")

    def test_embedded_update_db_field(self):
        """
        Test update on `EmbeddedDocumentField` fields when db_field is other
        than default.
        """

        class Page(EmbeddedDocument):
            log_message = StringField(verbose_name="Log message",
                                      db_field="page_log_message",
                                      required=True)

        class Site(Document):
            page = EmbeddedDocumentField(Page)


        Site.drop_collection()

        site = Site(page=Page(log_message="Warning: Dummy message"))
        site.save()

        # Update
        site = Site.objects.first()
        site.page.log_message = "Error: Dummy message"
        site.save()

        site = Site.objects.first()
        self.assertEqual(site.page.log_message, "Error: Dummy message")

    def test_circular_reference_deltas(self):

        class Person(Document):
            name = StringField()
            owns = ListField(ReferenceField('Organization'))

        class Organization(Document):
            name = StringField()
            owner = ReferenceField('Person')

        Person.drop_collection()
        Organization.drop_collection()

        person = Person(name="owner")
        person.save()
        organization = Organization(name="company")
        organization.save()

        person.owns.append(organization)
        organization.owner = person

        person.save()
        organization.save()

        p = Person.objects[0].select_related()
        o = Organization.objects.first()
        self.assertEqual(p.owns[0], o)
        self.assertEqual(o.owner, p)

    def test_circular_reference_deltas_2(self):

        class Person(Document):
           name = StringField()
           owns = ListField( ReferenceField( 'Organization' ) )
           employer = ReferenceField( 'Organization' )

        class Organization( Document ):
           name = StringField()
           owner = ReferenceField( 'Person' )
           employees = ListField( ReferenceField( 'Person' ) )

        Person.drop_collection()
        Organization.drop_collection()

        person = Person( name="owner" )
        person.save()

        employee = Person( name="employee" )
        employee.save()

        organization = Organization( name="company" )
        organization.save()

        person.owns.append( organization )
        organization.owner = person

        organization.employees.append( employee )
        employee.employer = organization

        person.save()
        organization.save()
        employee.save()

        p = Person.objects.get(name="owner")
        e = Person.objects.get(name="employee")
        o = Organization.objects.first()

        self.assertEqual(p.owns[0], o)
        self.assertEqual(o.owner, p)
        self.assertEqual(e.employer, o)

    def test_delta(self):

        class Doc(Document):
            string_field = StringField()
            int_field = IntField()
            dict_field = DictField()
            list_field = ListField()

        Doc.drop_collection()
        doc = Doc()
        doc.save()

        doc = Doc.objects.first()
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), [])
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {}))

        doc.string_field = 'hello'
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['string_field'])
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({'string_field': 'hello'}, {}))

        doc._changed_fields = []
        doc.int_field = 1
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['int_field'])
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({'int_field': 1}, {}))

        doc._changed_fields = []
        dict_value = {'hello': 'world', 'ping': 'pong'}
        doc.dict_field = dict_value
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['dict_field'])
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({'dict_field': dict_value}, {}))

        doc._changed_fields = []
        list_value = ['1', 2, {'hello': 'world'}]
        doc.list_field = list_value
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['list_field'])
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({'list_field': list_value}, {}))

        # Test unsetting
        doc._changed_fields = []
        doc.dict_field = {}
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['dict_field'])
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {'dict_field': 1}))

        doc._changed_fields = []
        doc.list_field = []
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['list_field'])
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {'list_field': 1}))

    def test_delta_recursive(self):

        class Embedded(EmbeddedDocument):
            string_field = StringField()
            int_field = IntField()
            dict_field = DictField()
            list_field = ListField()

        class Doc(Document):
            string_field = StringField()
            int_field = IntField()
            dict_field = DictField()
            list_field = ListField()
            embedded_field = EmbeddedDocumentField(Embedded)

        Doc.drop_collection()
        doc = Doc()
        doc.save()

        doc = Doc.objects.first()
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), [])
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {}))

        embedded_1 = Embedded()
        embedded_1.string_field = 'hello'
        embedded_1.int_field = 1
        embedded_1.dict_field = {'hello': 'world'}
        embedded_1.list_field = ['1', 2, {'hello': 'world'}]
        doc.embedded_field = embedded_1

        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['embedded_field'])

        embedded_delta = {
            'string_field': 'hello',
            'int_field': 1,
            'dict_field': {'hello': 'world'},
            'list_field': ['1', 2, {'hello': 'world'}]
        }
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field._delta(), (embedded_delta, {}))
        embedded_delta.update({
            '_types': ['Embedded'],
            '_cls': 'Embedded',
        })
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({'embedded_field': embedded_delta}, {}))

        doc.save()
        doc = doc.reload(10)

        doc.embedded_field.dict_field = {}
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['embedded_field.dict_field'])
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field._delta(), ({}, {'dict_field': 1}))
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {'embedded_field.dict_field': 1}))
        doc.save()
        doc = doc.reload(10)
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.dict_field, {})

        doc.embedded_field.list_field = []
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['embedded_field.list_field'])
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field._delta(), ({}, {'list_field': 1}))
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {'embedded_field.list_field': 1}))
        doc.save()
        doc = doc.reload(10)
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field, [])

        embedded_2 = Embedded()
        embedded_2.string_field = 'hello'
        embedded_2.int_field = 1
        embedded_2.dict_field = {'hello': 'world'}
        embedded_2.list_field = ['1', 2, {'hello': 'world'}]

        doc.embedded_field.list_field = ['1', 2, embedded_2]
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['embedded_field.list_field'])
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field._delta(), ({
            'list_field': ['1', 2, {
                '_cls': 'Embedded',
                '_types': ['Embedded'],
                'string_field': 'hello',
                'dict_field': {'hello': 'world'},
                'int_field': 1,
                'list_field': ['1', 2, {'hello': 'world'}],
            }]
        }, {}))

        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({
            'embedded_field.list_field': ['1', 2, {
                '_cls': 'Embedded',
                 '_types': ['Embedded'],
                 'string_field': 'hello',
                 'dict_field': {'hello': 'world'},
                 'int_field': 1,
                 'list_field': ['1', 2, {'hello': 'world'}],
            }]
        }, {}))
        doc.save()
        doc = doc.reload(10)

        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[0], '1')
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[1], 2)
        for k in doc.embedded_field.list_field[2]._fields:
            self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[2][k], embedded_2[k])

        doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].string_field = 'world'
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['embedded_field.list_field.2.string_field'])
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field._delta(), ({'list_field.2.string_field': 'world'}, {}))
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({'embedded_field.list_field.2.string_field': 'world'}, {}))
        doc.save()
        doc = doc.reload(10)
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].string_field, 'world')

        # Test multiple assignments
        doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].string_field = 'hello world'
        doc.embedded_field.list_field[2] = doc.embedded_field.list_field[2]
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['embedded_field.list_field'])
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field._delta(), ({
            'list_field': ['1', 2, {
            '_types': ['Embedded'],
            '_cls': 'Embedded',
            'string_field': 'hello world',
            'int_field': 1,
            'list_field': ['1', 2, {'hello': 'world'}],
            'dict_field': {'hello': 'world'}}]}, {}))
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({
            'embedded_field.list_field': ['1', 2, {
                '_types': ['Embedded'],
                '_cls': 'Embedded',
                'string_field': 'hello world',
                'int_field': 1,
                'list_field': ['1', 2, {'hello': 'world'}],
                'dict_field': {'hello': 'world'}}
            ]}, {}))
        doc.save()
        doc = doc.reload(10)
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].string_field, 'hello world')

        # Test list native methods
        doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field.pop(0)
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({'embedded_field.list_field.2.list_field': [2, {'hello': 'world'}]}, {}))
        doc.save()
        doc = doc.reload(10)

        doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field.append(1)
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({'embedded_field.list_field.2.list_field': [2, {'hello': 'world'}, 1]}, {}))
        doc.save()
        doc = doc.reload(10)
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field, [2, {'hello': 'world'}, 1])

        doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field.sort(key=str)
        doc.save()
        doc = doc.reload(10)
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field, [1, 2, {'hello': 'world'}])

        del(doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field[2]['hello'])
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({'embedded_field.list_field.2.list_field': [1, 2, {}]}, {}))
        doc.save()
        doc = doc.reload(10)

        del(doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field)
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {'embedded_field.list_field.2.list_field': 1}))

        doc.save()
        doc = doc.reload(10)

        doc.dict_field['Embedded'] = embedded_1
        doc.save()
        doc = doc.reload(10)

        doc.dict_field['Embedded'].string_field = 'Hello World'
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['dict_field.Embedded.string_field'])
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({'dict_field.Embedded.string_field': 'Hello World'}, {}))


    def test_delta_db_field(self):

        class Doc(Document):
            string_field = StringField(db_field='db_string_field')
            int_field = IntField(db_field='db_int_field')
            dict_field = DictField(db_field='db_dict_field')
            list_field = ListField(db_field='db_list_field')

        Doc.drop_collection()
        doc = Doc()
        doc.save()

        doc = Doc.objects.first()
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), [])
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {}))

        doc.string_field = 'hello'
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['db_string_field'])
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({'db_string_field': 'hello'}, {}))

        doc._changed_fields = []
        doc.int_field = 1
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['db_int_field'])
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({'db_int_field': 1}, {}))

        doc._changed_fields = []
        dict_value = {'hello': 'world', 'ping': 'pong'}
        doc.dict_field = dict_value
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['db_dict_field'])
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({'db_dict_field': dict_value}, {}))

        doc._changed_fields = []
        list_value = ['1', 2, {'hello': 'world'}]
        doc.list_field = list_value
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['db_list_field'])
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({'db_list_field': list_value}, {}))

        # Test unsetting
        doc._changed_fields = []
        doc.dict_field = {}
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['db_dict_field'])
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {'db_dict_field': 1}))

        doc._changed_fields = []
        doc.list_field = []
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['db_list_field'])
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {'db_list_field': 1}))

        # Test it saves that data
        doc = Doc()
        doc.save()

        doc.string_field = 'hello'
        doc.int_field = 1
        doc.dict_field = {'hello': 'world'}
        doc.list_field = ['1', 2, {'hello': 'world'}]
        doc.save()
        doc = doc.reload(10)

        self.assertEqual(doc.string_field, 'hello')
        self.assertEqual(doc.int_field, 1)
        self.assertEqual(doc.dict_field, {'hello': 'world'})
        self.assertEqual(doc.list_field, ['1', 2, {'hello': 'world'}])

    def test_delta_recursive_db_field(self):

        class Embedded(EmbeddedDocument):
            string_field = StringField(db_field='db_string_field')
            int_field = IntField(db_field='db_int_field')
            dict_field = DictField(db_field='db_dict_field')
            list_field = ListField(db_field='db_list_field')

        class Doc(Document):
            string_field = StringField(db_field='db_string_field')
            int_field = IntField(db_field='db_int_field')
            dict_field = DictField(db_field='db_dict_field')
            list_field = ListField(db_field='db_list_field')
            embedded_field = EmbeddedDocumentField(Embedded, db_field='db_embedded_field')

        Doc.drop_collection()
        doc = Doc()
        doc.save()

        doc = Doc.objects.first()
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), [])
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {}))

        embedded_1 = Embedded()
        embedded_1.string_field = 'hello'
        embedded_1.int_field = 1
        embedded_1.dict_field = {'hello': 'world'}
        embedded_1.list_field = ['1', 2, {'hello': 'world'}]
        doc.embedded_field = embedded_1

        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['db_embedded_field'])

        embedded_delta = {
            'db_string_field': 'hello',
            'db_int_field': 1,
            'db_dict_field': {'hello': 'world'},
            'db_list_field': ['1', 2, {'hello': 'world'}]
        }
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field._delta(), (embedded_delta, {}))
        embedded_delta.update({
            '_types': ['Embedded'],
            '_cls': 'Embedded',
        })
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({'db_embedded_field': embedded_delta}, {}))

        doc.save()
        doc = doc.reload(10)

        doc.embedded_field.dict_field = {}
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['db_embedded_field.db_dict_field'])
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field._delta(), ({}, {'db_dict_field': 1}))
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {'db_embedded_field.db_dict_field': 1}))
        doc.save()
        doc = doc.reload(10)
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.dict_field, {})

        doc.embedded_field.list_field = []
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['db_embedded_field.db_list_field'])
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field._delta(), ({}, {'db_list_field': 1}))
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {'db_embedded_field.db_list_field': 1}))
        doc.save()
        doc = doc.reload(10)
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field, [])

        embedded_2 = Embedded()
        embedded_2.string_field = 'hello'
        embedded_2.int_field = 1
        embedded_2.dict_field = {'hello': 'world'}
        embedded_2.list_field = ['1', 2, {'hello': 'world'}]

        doc.embedded_field.list_field = ['1', 2, embedded_2]
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['db_embedded_field.db_list_field'])
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field._delta(), ({
            'db_list_field': ['1', 2, {
                '_cls': 'Embedded',
                '_types': ['Embedded'],
                'db_string_field': 'hello',
                'db_dict_field': {'hello': 'world'},
                'db_int_field': 1,
                'db_list_field': ['1', 2, {'hello': 'world'}],
            }]
        }, {}))

        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({
            'db_embedded_field.db_list_field': ['1', 2, {
                '_cls': 'Embedded',
                 '_types': ['Embedded'],
                 'db_string_field': 'hello',
                 'db_dict_field': {'hello': 'world'},
                 'db_int_field': 1,
                 'db_list_field': ['1', 2, {'hello': 'world'}],
            }]
        }, {}))
        doc.save()
        doc = doc.reload(10)

        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[0], '1')
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[1], 2)
        for k in doc.embedded_field.list_field[2]._fields:
            self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[2][k], embedded_2[k])

        doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].string_field = 'world'
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['db_embedded_field.db_list_field.2.db_string_field'])
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field._delta(), ({'db_list_field.2.db_string_field': 'world'}, {}))
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({'db_embedded_field.db_list_field.2.db_string_field': 'world'}, {}))
        doc.save()
        doc = doc.reload(10)
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].string_field, 'world')

        # Test multiple assignments
        doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].string_field = 'hello world'
        doc.embedded_field.list_field[2] = doc.embedded_field.list_field[2]
        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), ['db_embedded_field.db_list_field'])
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field._delta(), ({
            'db_list_field': ['1', 2, {
            '_types': ['Embedded'],
            '_cls': 'Embedded',
            'db_string_field': 'hello world',
            'db_int_field': 1,
            'db_list_field': ['1', 2, {'hello': 'world'}],
            'db_dict_field': {'hello': 'world'}}]}, {}))
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({
            'db_embedded_field.db_list_field': ['1', 2, {
                '_types': ['Embedded'],
                '_cls': 'Embedded',
                'db_string_field': 'hello world',
                'db_int_field': 1,
                'db_list_field': ['1', 2, {'hello': 'world'}],
                'db_dict_field': {'hello': 'world'}}
            ]}, {}))
        doc.save()
        doc = doc.reload(10)
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].string_field, 'hello world')

        # Test list native methods
        doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field.pop(0)
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({'db_embedded_field.db_list_field.2.db_list_field': [2, {'hello': 'world'}]}, {}))
        doc.save()
        doc = doc.reload(10)

        doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field.append(1)
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({'db_embedded_field.db_list_field.2.db_list_field': [2, {'hello': 'world'}, 1]}, {}))
        doc.save()
        doc = doc.reload(10)
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field, [2, {'hello': 'world'}, 1])

        doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field.sort(key=str)
        doc.save()
        doc = doc.reload(10)
        self.assertEqual(doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field, [1, 2, {'hello': 'world'}])

        del(doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field[2]['hello'])
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({'db_embedded_field.db_list_field.2.db_list_field': [1, 2, {}]}, {}))
        doc.save()
        doc = doc.reload(10)

        del(doc.embedded_field.list_field[2].list_field)
        self.assertEqual(doc._delta(), ({}, {'db_embedded_field.db_list_field.2.db_list_field': 1}))

    def test_save_only_changed_fields(self):
        """Ensure save only sets / unsets changed fields
        """

        class User(self.Person):
            active = BooleanField(default=True)


        User.drop_collection()

        # Create person object and save it to the database
        user = User(name='Test User', age=30, active=True)
        user.save()
        user.reload()

        # Simulated Race condition
        same_person = self.Person.objects.get()
        same_person.active = False

        user.age = 21
        user.save()

        same_person.name = 'User'
        same_person.save()

        person = self.Person.objects.get()
        self.assertEqual(person.name, 'User')
        self.assertEqual(person.age, 21)
        self.assertEqual(person.active, False)

    def test_save_only_changed_fields_recursive(self):
        """Ensure save only sets / unsets changed fields
        """

        class Comment(EmbeddedDocument):
            published = BooleanField(default=True)

        class User(self.Person):
            comments_dict = DictField()
            comments = ListField(EmbeddedDocumentField(Comment))
            active = BooleanField(default=True)

        User.drop_collection()

        # Create person object and save it to the database
        person = User(name='Test User', age=30, active=True)
        person.comments.append(Comment())
        person.save()
        person.reload()

        person = self.Person.objects.get()
        self.assertTrue(person.comments[0].published)

        person.comments[0].published = False
        person.save()

        person = self.Person.objects.get()
        self.assertFalse(person.comments[0].published)

        # Simple dict w
        person.comments_dict['first_post'] = Comment()
        person.save()

        person = self.Person.objects.get()
        self.assertTrue(person.comments_dict['first_post'].published)

        person.comments_dict['first_post'].published = False
        person.save()

        person = self.Person.objects.get()
        self.assertFalse(person.comments_dict['first_post'].published)

    def test_delete(self):
        """Ensure that document may be deleted using the delete method.
        """
        person = self.Person(name="Test User", age=30)
        person.save()
        self.assertEqual(len(self.Person.objects), 1)
        person.delete()
        self.assertEqual(len(self.Person.objects), 0)

    def test_save_custom_id(self):
        """Ensure that a document may be saved with a custom _id.
        """
        # Create person object and save it to the database
        person = self.Person(name='Test User', age=30,
                             id='497ce96f395f2f052a494fd4')
        person.save()
        # Ensure that the object is in the database with the correct _id
        collection = self.db[self.Person._get_collection_name()]
        person_obj = collection.find_one({'name': 'Test User'})
        self.assertEqual(str(person_obj['_id']), '497ce96f395f2f052a494fd4')

    def test_save_custom_pk(self):
        """Ensure that a document may be saved with a custom _id using pk alias.
        """
        # Create person object and save it to the database
        person = self.Person(name='Test User', age=30,
                             pk='497ce96f395f2f052a494fd4')
        person.save()
        # Ensure that the object is in the database with the correct _id
        collection = self.db[self.Person._get_collection_name()]
        person_obj = collection.find_one({'name': 'Test User'})
        self.assertEqual(str(person_obj['_id']), '497ce96f395f2f052a494fd4')

    def test_save_list(self):
        """Ensure that a list field may be properly saved.
        """
        class Comment(EmbeddedDocument):
            content = StringField()

        class BlogPost(Document):
            content = StringField()
            comments = ListField(EmbeddedDocumentField(Comment))
            tags = ListField(StringField())

        BlogPost.drop_collection()

        post = BlogPost(content='Went for a walk today...')
        post.tags = tags = ['fun', 'leisure']
        comments = [Comment(content='Good for you'), Comment(content='Yay.')]
        post.comments = comments
        post.save()

        collection = self.db[BlogPost._get_collection_name()]
        post_obj = collection.find_one()
        self.assertEqual(post_obj['tags'], tags)
        for comment_obj, comment in zip(post_obj['comments'], comments):
            self.assertEqual(comment_obj['content'], comment['content'])

        BlogPost.drop_collection()

    def test_list_search_by_embedded(self):
        class User(Document):
            username = StringField(required=True)

            meta = {'allow_inheritance': False}

        class Comment(EmbeddedDocument):
            comment = StringField()
            user = ReferenceField(User,
                                  required=True)

            meta = {'allow_inheritance': False}

        class Page(Document):
            comments = ListField(EmbeddedDocumentField(Comment))
            meta = {'allow_inheritance': False,
                    'indexes': [
                        {'fields': ['comments.user']}
                    ]}

        User.drop_collection()
        Page.drop_collection()

        u1 = User(username="wilson")
        u1.save()

        u2 = User(username="rozza")
        u2.save()

        u3 = User(username="hmarr")
        u3.save()

        p1 = Page(comments = [Comment(user=u1, comment="Its very good"),
                              Comment(user=u2, comment="Hello world"),
                              Comment(user=u3, comment="Ping Pong"),
                              Comment(user=u1, comment="I like a beer")])
        p1.save()

        p2 = Page(comments = [Comment(user=u1, comment="Its very good"),
                              Comment(user=u2, comment="Hello world")])
        p2.save()

        p3 = Page(comments = [Comment(user=u3, comment="Its very good")])
        p3.save()

        p4 = Page(comments = [Comment(user=u2, comment="Heavy Metal song")])
        p4.save()

        self.assertEqual([p1, p2], list(Page.objects.filter(comments__user=u1)))
        self.assertEqual([p1, p2, p4], list(Page.objects.filter(comments__user=u2)))
        self.assertEqual([p1, p3], list(Page.objects.filter(comments__user=u3)))

    def test_save_embedded_document(self):
        """Ensure that a document with an embedded document field may be
        saved in the database.
        """
        class EmployeeDetails(EmbeddedDocument):
            position = StringField()

        class Employee(self.Person):
            salary = IntField()
            details = EmbeddedDocumentField(EmployeeDetails)

        # Create employee object and save it to the database
        employee = Employee(name='Test Employee', age=50, salary=20000)
        employee.details = EmployeeDetails(position='Developer')
        employee.save()

        # Ensure that the object is in the database
        collection = self.db[self.Person._get_collection_name()]
        employee_obj = collection.find_one({'name': 'Test Employee'})
        self.assertEqual(employee_obj['name'], 'Test Employee')
        self.assertEqual(employee_obj['age'], 50)
        # Ensure that the 'details' embedded object saved correctly
        self.assertEqual(employee_obj['details']['position'], 'Developer')

    def test_embedded_update_after_save(self):
        """
        Test update of `EmbeddedDocumentField` attached to a newly saved
        document.
        """
        class Page(EmbeddedDocument):
            log_message = StringField(verbose_name="Log message",
                                      required=True)

        class Site(Document):
            page = EmbeddedDocumentField(Page)


        Site.drop_collection()
        site = Site(page=Page(log_message="Warning: Dummy message"))
        site.save()

        # Update
        site.page.log_message = "Error: Dummy message"
        site.save()

        site = Site.objects.first()
        self.assertEqual(site.page.log_message, "Error: Dummy message")

    def test_updating_an_embedded_document(self):
        """Ensure that a document with an embedded document field may be
        saved in the database.
        """
        class EmployeeDetails(EmbeddedDocument):
            position = StringField()

        class Employee(self.Person):
            salary = IntField()
            details = EmbeddedDocumentField(EmployeeDetails)

        # Create employee object and save it to the database
        employee = Employee(name='Test Employee', age=50, salary=20000)
        employee.details = EmployeeDetails(position='Developer')
        employee.save()

        # Test updating an embedded document
        promoted_employee = Employee.objects.get(name='Test Employee')
        promoted_employee.details.position = 'Senior Developer'
        promoted_employee.save()

        promoted_employee.reload()
        self.assertEqual(promoted_employee.name, 'Test Employee')
        self.assertEqual(promoted_employee.age, 50)

        # Ensure that the 'details' embedded object saved correctly
        self.assertEqual(promoted_employee.details.position, 'Senior Developer')

        # Test removal
        promoted_employee.details = None
        promoted_employee.save()

        promoted_employee.reload()
        self.assertEqual(promoted_employee.details, None)

    def test_mixins_dont_add_to_types(self):

        class Mixin(object):
            name = StringField()

        class Person(Document, Mixin):
            pass

        Person.drop_collection()

        self.assertEqual(sorted(Person._fields.keys()), ['id', 'name'])

        Person(name="Rozza").save()

        collection = self.db[Person._get_collection_name()]
        obj = collection.find_one()
        self.assertEqual(obj['_cls'], 'Person')
        self.assertEqual(obj['_types'], ['Person'])

        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.count(), 1)

        Person.drop_collection()

    def test_object_mixins(self):

        class NameMixin(object):
            name = StringField()

        class Foo(EmbeddedDocument, NameMixin):
            quantity = IntField()

        self.assertEqual(['name', 'quantity'], sorted(Foo._fields.keys()))

        class Bar(Document, NameMixin):
            widgets = StringField()

        self.assertEqual(['id', 'name', 'widgets'], sorted(Bar._fields.keys()))

    def test_mixin_inheritance(self):
        class BaseMixIn(object):
            count = IntField()
            data = StringField()

        class DoubleMixIn(BaseMixIn):
            comment = StringField()

        class TestDoc(Document, DoubleMixIn):
            age = IntField()

        TestDoc.drop_collection()
        t = TestDoc(count=12, data="test",
                    comment="great!", age=19)

        t.save()

        t = TestDoc.objects.first()

        self.assertEqual(t.age, 19)
        self.assertEqual(t.comment, "great!")
        self.assertEqual(t.data, "test")
        self.assertEqual(t.count, 12)

    def test_save_reference(self):
        """Ensure that a document reference field may be saved in the database.
        """

        class BlogPost(Document):
            meta = {'collection': 'blogpost_1'}
            content = StringField()
            author = ReferenceField(self.Person)

        BlogPost.drop_collection()

        author = self.Person(name='Test User')
        author.save()

        post = BlogPost(content='Watched some TV today... how exciting.')
        # Should only reference author when saving
        post.author = author
        post.save()

        post_obj = BlogPost.objects.first()

        # Test laziness
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(post_obj._data['author'],
                                   bson.DBRef))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(post_obj.author, self.Person))
        self.assertEqual(post_obj.author.name, 'Test User')

        # Ensure that the dereferenced object may be changed and saved
        post_obj.author.age = 25
        post_obj.author.save()

        author = list(self.Person.objects(name='Test User'))[-1]
        self.assertEqual(author.age, 25)

        BlogPost.drop_collection()

    def test_cannot_perform_joins_references(self):

        class BlogPost(Document):
            author = ReferenceField(self.Person)
            author2 = GenericReferenceField()

        def test_reference():
            list(BlogPost.objects(author__name="test"))

        self.assertRaises(InvalidQueryError, test_reference)

        def test_generic_reference():
            list(BlogPost.objects(author2__name="test"))

        self.assertRaises(InvalidQueryError, test_generic_reference)

    def test_duplicate_db_fields_raise_invalid_document_error(self):
        """Ensure a InvalidDocumentError is thrown if duplicate fields
        declare the same db_field"""

        def throw_invalid_document_error():
            class Foo(Document):
                name = StringField()
                name2 = StringField(db_field='name')

        self.assertRaises(InvalidDocumentError, throw_invalid_document_error)

    def test_invalid_son(self):
        """Raise an error if loading invalid data"""
        class Occurrence(EmbeddedDocument):
            number = IntField()

        class Word(Document):
            stem = StringField()
            count = IntField(default=1)
            forms = ListField(StringField(), default=list)
            occurs = ListField(EmbeddedDocumentField(Occurrence), default=list)

        def raise_invalid_document():
            Word._from_son({'stem': [1,2,3], 'forms': 1, 'count': 'one', 'occurs': {"hello": None}})

        self.assertRaises(InvalidDocumentError, raise_invalid_document)

    def test_reverse_delete_rule_cascade_and_nullify(self):
        """Ensure that a referenced document is also deleted upon deletion.
        """

        class BlogPost(Document):
            content = StringField()
            author = ReferenceField(self.Person, reverse_delete_rule=CASCADE)
            reviewer = ReferenceField(self.Person, reverse_delete_rule=NULLIFY)

        self.Person.drop_collection()
        BlogPost.drop_collection()

        author = self.Person(name='Test User')
        author.save()

        reviewer = self.Person(name='Re Viewer')
        reviewer.save()

        post = BlogPost(content = 'Watched some TV')
        post.author = author
        post.reviewer = reviewer
        post.save()

        reviewer.delete()
        self.assertEqual(len(BlogPost.objects), 1)  # No effect on the BlogPost
        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects.get().reviewer, None)

        # Delete the Person, which should lead to deletion of the BlogPost, too
        author.delete()
        self.assertEqual(len(BlogPost.objects), 0)

    def test_reverse_delete_rule_cascade_and_nullify_complex_field(self):
        """Ensure that a referenced document is also deleted upon deletion for
        complex fields.
        """

        class BlogPost(Document):
            content = StringField()
            authors = ListField(ReferenceField(self.Person, reverse_delete_rule=CASCADE))
            reviewers = ListField(ReferenceField(self.Person, reverse_delete_rule=NULLIFY))

        self.Person.drop_collection()

        BlogPost.drop_collection()

        author = self.Person(name='Test User')
        author.save()

        reviewer = self.Person(name='Re Viewer')
        reviewer.save()

        post = BlogPost(content='Watched some TV')
        post.authors = [author]
        post.reviewers = [reviewer]
        post.save()

        # Deleting the reviewer should have no effect on the BlogPost
        reviewer.delete()
        self.assertEqual(len(BlogPost.objects), 1)
        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects.get().reviewers, [])

        # Delete the Person, which should lead to deletion of the BlogPost, too
        author.delete()
        self.assertEqual(len(BlogPost.objects), 0)

    def test_two_way_reverse_delete_rule(self):
        """Ensure that Bi-Directional relationships work with
        reverse_delete_rule
        """

        class Bar(Document):
            content = StringField()
            foo = ReferenceField('Foo')

        class Foo(Document):
            content = StringField()
            bar = ReferenceField(Bar)

        Bar.register_delete_rule(Foo, 'bar', NULLIFY)
        Foo.register_delete_rule(Bar, 'foo', NULLIFY)


        Bar.drop_collection()
        Foo.drop_collection()

        b = Bar(content="Hello")
        b.save()

        f = Foo(content="world", bar=b)
        f.save()

        b.foo = f
        b.save()

        f.delete()

        self.assertEqual(len(Bar.objects), 1)  # No effect on the BlogPost
        self.assertEqual(Bar.objects.get().foo, None)

    def test_invalid_reverse_delete_rules_raise_errors(self):

        def throw_invalid_document_error():
            class Blog(Document):
                content = StringField()
                authors = MapField(ReferenceField(self.Person, reverse_delete_rule=CASCADE))
                reviewers = DictField(field=ReferenceField(self.Person, reverse_delete_rule=NULLIFY))

        self.assertRaises(InvalidDocumentError, throw_invalid_document_error)

        def throw_invalid_document_error_embedded():
            class Parents(EmbeddedDocument):
                father = ReferenceField('Person', reverse_delete_rule=DENY)
                mother = ReferenceField('Person', reverse_delete_rule=DENY)

        self.assertRaises(InvalidDocumentError, throw_invalid_document_error_embedded)

    def test_reverse_delete_rule_cascade_recurs(self):
        """Ensure that a chain of documents is also deleted upon cascaded
        deletion.
        """

        class BlogPost(Document):
            content = StringField()
            author = ReferenceField(self.Person, reverse_delete_rule=CASCADE)

        class Comment(Document):
            text = StringField()
            post = ReferenceField(BlogPost, reverse_delete_rule=CASCADE)

        self.Person.drop_collection()
        BlogPost.drop_collection()
        Comment.drop_collection()

        author = self.Person(name='Test User')
        author.save()

        post = BlogPost(content = 'Watched some TV')
        post.author = author
        post.save()

        comment = Comment(text = 'Kudos.')
        comment.post = post
        comment.save()

        # Delete the Person, which should lead to deletion of the BlogPost, and,
        # recursively to the Comment, too
        author.delete()
        self.assertEqual(len(Comment.objects), 0)

        self.Person.drop_collection()
        BlogPost.drop_collection()
        Comment.drop_collection()

    def test_reverse_delete_rule_deny(self):
        """Ensure that a document cannot be referenced if there are still
        documents referring to it.
        """

        class BlogPost(Document):
            content = StringField()
            author = ReferenceField(self.Person, reverse_delete_rule=DENY)

        self.Person.drop_collection()
        BlogPost.drop_collection()

        author = self.Person(name='Test User')
        author.save()

        post = BlogPost(content = 'Watched some TV')
        post.author = author
        post.save()

        # Delete the Person should be denied
        self.assertRaises(OperationError, author.delete)  # Should raise denied error
        self.assertEqual(len(BlogPost.objects), 1)  # No objects may have been deleted
        self.assertEqual(len(self.Person.objects), 1)

        # Other users, that don't have BlogPosts must be removable, like normal
        author = self.Person(name='Another User')
        author.save()

        self.assertEqual(len(self.Person.objects), 2)
        author.delete()
        self.assertEqual(len(self.Person.objects), 1)

        self.Person.drop_collection()
        BlogPost.drop_collection()

    def subclasses_and_unique_keys_works(self):

        class A(Document):
            pass

        class B(A):
            foo = BooleanField(unique=True)

        A.drop_collection()
        B.drop_collection()

        A().save()
        A().save()
        B(foo=True).save()

        self.assertEqual(A.objects.count(), 2)
        self.assertEqual(B.objects.count(), 1)
        A.drop_collection()
        B.drop_collection()

    def test_document_hash(self):
        """Test document in list, dict, set
        """
        class User(Document):
            pass

        class BlogPost(Document):
            pass

        # Clear old datas
        User.drop_collection()
        BlogPost.drop_collection()

        u1 = User.objects.create()
        u2 = User.objects.create()
        u3 = User.objects.create()
        u4 = User() # New object

        b1 = BlogPost.objects.create()
        b2 = BlogPost.objects.create()

        # in List
        all_user_list = list(User.objects.all())

        self.assertTrue(u1 in all_user_list)
        self.assertTrue(u2 in all_user_list)
        self.assertTrue(u3 in all_user_list)
        self.assertFalse(u4 in all_user_list) # New object
        self.assertFalse(b1 in all_user_list) # Other object
        self.assertFalse(b2 in all_user_list) # Other object

        # in Dict
        all_user_dic = {}
        for u in User.objects.all():
            all_user_dic[u] = "OK"

        self.assertEqual(all_user_dic.get(u1, False), "OK" )
        self.assertEqual(all_user_dic.get(u2, False), "OK" )
        self.assertEqual(all_user_dic.get(u3, False), "OK" )
        self.assertEqual(all_user_dic.get(u4, False), False ) # New object
        self.assertEqual(all_user_dic.get(b1, False), False ) # Other object
        self.assertEqual(all_user_dic.get(b2, False), False ) # Other object

        # in Set
        all_user_set = set(User.objects.all())

        self.assertTrue(u1 in all_user_set )

    def test_picklable(self):

        pickle_doc = PickleTest(number=1, string="One", lists=['1', '2'])
        pickle_doc.embedded = PickleEmbedded()
        pickle_doc.save()

        pickled_doc = pickle.dumps(pickle_doc)
        resurrected = pickle.loads(pickled_doc)

        self.assertEqual(resurrected, pickle_doc)

        resurrected.string = "Two"
        resurrected.save()

        pickle_doc = pickle_doc.reload()
        self.assertEqual(resurrected, pickle_doc)

    def test_throw_invalid_document_error(self):

        # test handles people trying to upsert
        def throw_invalid_document_error():
            class Blog(Document):
                validate = DictField()

        self.assertRaises(InvalidDocumentError, throw_invalid_document_error)

    def test_mutating_documents(self):

        class B(EmbeddedDocument):
            field1 = StringField(default='field1')

        class A(Document):
            b = EmbeddedDocumentField(B, default=lambda: B())

        A.drop_collection()
        a = A()
        a.save()
        a.reload()
        self.assertEqual(a.b.field1, 'field1')

        class C(EmbeddedDocument):
            c_field = StringField(default='cfield')

        class B(EmbeddedDocument):
            field1 = StringField(default='field1')
            field2 = EmbeddedDocumentField(C, default=lambda: C())

        class A(Document):
            b = EmbeddedDocumentField(B, default=lambda: B())

        a = A.objects()[0]
        a.b.field2.c_field = 'new value'
        a.save()

        a.reload()
        self.assertEqual(a.b.field2.c_field, 'new value')

    def test_can_save_false_values(self):
        """Ensures you can save False values on save"""
        class Doc(Document):
            foo = StringField()
            archived = BooleanField(default=False, required=True)

        Doc.drop_collection()
        d = Doc()
        d.save()
        d.archived = False
        d.save()

        self.assertEqual(Doc.objects(archived=False).count(), 1)


    def test_can_save_false_values_dynamic(self):
        """Ensures you can save False values on dynamic docs"""
        class Doc(DynamicDocument):
            foo = StringField()

        Doc.drop_collection()
        d = Doc()
        d.save()
        d.archived = False
        d.save()

        self.assertEqual(Doc.objects(archived=False).count(), 1)

    def test_do_not_save_unchanged_references(self):
        """Ensures cascading saves dont auto update"""
        class Job(Document):
            name = StringField()

        class Person(Document):
            name = StringField()
            age = IntField()
            job = ReferenceField(Job)

        Job.drop_collection()
        Person.drop_collection()

        job = Job(name="Job 1")
        # job should not have any changed fields after the save
        job.save()

        person = Person(name="name", age=10, job=job)

        from pymongo.collection import Collection
        orig_update = Collection.update
        try:
            def fake_update(*args, **kwargs):
                self.fail("Unexpected update for %s" % args[0].name)
                return orig_update(*args, **kwargs)

            Collection.update = fake_update
            person.save()
        finally:
            Collection.update = orig_update

    def test_db_alias_tests(self):
        """ DB Alias tests """
        # mongoenginetest - Is default connection alias from setUp()
        # Register Aliases
        register_connection('testdb-1', 'mongoenginetest2')
        register_connection('testdb-2', 'mongoenginetest3')
        register_connection('testdb-3', 'mongoenginetest4')

        class User(Document):
            name = StringField()
            meta = {"db_alias": "testdb-1"}

        class Book(Document):
            name = StringField()
            meta = {"db_alias": "testdb-2"}

        # Drops
        User.drop_collection()
        Book.drop_collection()

        # Create
        bob = User.objects.create(name="Bob")
        hp = Book.objects.create(name="Harry Potter")

        # Selects
        self.assertEqual(User.objects.first(), bob)
        self.assertEqual(Book.objects.first(), hp)

        # DeReference
        class AuthorBooks(Document):
            author = ReferenceField(User)
            book = ReferenceField(Book)
            meta = {"db_alias": "testdb-3"}

        # Drops
        AuthorBooks.drop_collection()

        ab = AuthorBooks.objects.create(author=bob, book=hp)

        # select
        self.assertEqual(AuthorBooks.objects.first(), ab)
        self.assertEqual(AuthorBooks.objects.first().book, hp)
        self.assertEqual(AuthorBooks.objects.first().author, bob)
        self.assertEqual(AuthorBooks.objects.filter(author=bob).first(), ab)
        self.assertEqual(AuthorBooks.objects.filter(book=hp).first(), ab)

        # DB Alias
        self.assertEqual(User._get_db(), get_db("testdb-1"))
        self.assertEqual(Book._get_db(), get_db("testdb-2"))
        self.assertEqual(AuthorBooks._get_db(), get_db("testdb-3"))

        # Collections
        self.assertEqual(User._get_collection(), get_db("testdb-1")[User._get_collection_name()])
        self.assertEqual(Book._get_collection(), get_db("testdb-2")[Book._get_collection_name()])
        self.assertEqual(AuthorBooks._get_collection(), get_db("testdb-3")[AuthorBooks._get_collection_name()])

    def test_db_alias_propagates(self):
        """db_alias propagates?
        """
        class A(Document):
            name = StringField()
            meta = {"db_alias": "testdb-1", "allow_inheritance": True}

        class B(A):
            pass

        self.assertEqual('testdb-1', B._meta.get('db_alias'))

    def test_db_ref_usage(self):
        """ DB Ref usage  in dict_fields"""

        class User(Document):
            name = StringField()

        class Book(Document):
            name = StringField()
            author = ReferenceField(User)
            extra = DictField()
            meta = {
                'ordering': ['+name']
            }

            def __unicode__(self):
                return self.name

            def __str__(self):
                return self.name

        # Drops
        User.drop_collection()
        Book.drop_collection()

        # Authors
        bob = User.objects.create(name="Bob")
        jon = User.objects.create(name="Jon")

        # Redactors
        karl = User.objects.create(name="Karl")
        susan = User.objects.create(name="Susan")
        peter = User.objects.create(name="Peter")

        # Bob
        Book.objects.create(name="1", author=bob, extra={"a": bob.to_dbref(), "b": [karl.to_dbref(), susan.to_dbref()]})
        Book.objects.create(name="2", author=bob, extra={"a": bob.to_dbref(), "b": karl.to_dbref()} )
        Book.objects.create(name="3", author=bob, extra={"a": bob.to_dbref(), "c": [jon.to_dbref(), peter.to_dbref()]})
        Book.objects.create(name="4", author=bob)

        # Jon
        Book.objects.create(name="5", author=jon)
        Book.objects.create(name="6", author=peter)
        Book.objects.create(name="7", author=jon)
        Book.objects.create(name="8", author=jon)
        Book.objects.create(name="9", author=jon, extra={"a": peter.to_dbref()})

        # Checks
        self.assertEqual(u",".join([str(b) for b in Book.objects.all()] ) , "1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9" )
        # bob related books
        self.assertEqual(u",".join([str(b) for b in Book.objects.filter(
                                    Q(extra__a=bob ) |
                                    Q(author=bob) |
                                    Q(extra__b=bob))]) ,
                                    "1,2,3,4")

        # Susan & Karl related books
        self.assertEqual(u",".join([str(b) for b in Book.objects.filter(
                                    Q(extra__a__all=[karl, susan] ) |
                                    Q(author__all=[karl, susan ] ) |
                                    Q(extra__b__all=[karl.to_dbref(), susan.to_dbref()] )
                                    ) ] ) , "1" )

        # $Where
        self.assertEqual(u",".join([str(b) for b in Book.objects.filter(
                                    __raw__={
                                        "$where": """
                                            function(){
                                                return this.name == '1' ||
                                                       this.name == '2';}"""
                                        }
                                    ) ]), "1,2")

    def test_complex_nesting_document_and_embeddeddocument(self):
        class Macro(EmbeddedDocument):
            value = DynamicField(default="UNDEFINED")

        class Parameter(EmbeddedDocument):
            macros = MapField(EmbeddedDocumentField(Macro))

            def expand(self):
                self.macros["test"] = Macro()

        class Node(Document):
            parameters = MapField(EmbeddedDocumentField(Parameter))

            def expand(self):
                self.flattened_parameter = {}
                for parameter_name, parameter in self.parameters.iteritems():
                  parameter.expand()

        class System(Document):
            name = StringField(required=True)
            nodes = MapField(ReferenceField(Node, dbref=False))

            def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
                for node_name, node in self.nodes.iteritems():
                    node.expand()
                    node.save(*args, **kwargs)
                super(System, self).save(*args, **kwargs)

        system = System(name="system")
        system.save()
        system.nodes["node"] = Node()
        system.save()
        system.nodes["node"].parameters["param"] = Parameter()
        system.save()

class ValidatorErrorTest(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_to_dict(self):
        """Ensure a ValidationError handles error to_dict correctly.
        """
        error = ValidationError('root')
        self.assertEqual(error.to_dict(), {})

        # 1st level error schema
        error.errors = {'1st': ValidationError('bad 1st'), }
        self.assertTrue('1st' in error.to_dict())
        self.assertEqual(error.to_dict()['1st'], 'bad 1st')

        # 2nd level error schema
        error.errors = {'1st': ValidationError('bad 1st', errors={
            '2nd': ValidationError('bad 2nd'),
        })}
        self.assertTrue('1st' in error.to_dict())
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(error.to_dict()['1st'], dict))
        self.assertTrue('2nd' in error.to_dict()['1st'])
        self.assertEqual(error.to_dict()['1st']['2nd'], 'bad 2nd')

        # moar levels
        error.errors = {'1st': ValidationError('bad 1st', errors={
            '2nd': ValidationError('bad 2nd', errors={
                '3rd': ValidationError('bad 3rd', errors={
                    '4th': ValidationError('Inception'),
                }),
            }),
        })}
        self.assertTrue('1st' in error.to_dict())
        self.assertTrue('2nd' in error.to_dict()['1st'])
        self.assertTrue('3rd' in error.to_dict()['1st']['2nd'])
        self.assertTrue('4th' in error.to_dict()['1st']['2nd']['3rd'])
        self.assertEqual(error.to_dict()['1st']['2nd']['3rd']['4th'],
                         'Inception')

        self.assertEqual(error.message, "root(2nd.3rd.4th.Inception: ['1st'])")

    def test_model_validation(self):

        class User(Document):
            username = StringField(primary_key=True)
            name = StringField(required=True)

        try:
            User().validate()
        except ValidationError, e:
            expected_error_message = """ValidationError(Field is required"""
            self.assertTrue(expected_error_message in e.message)
            self.assertEqual(e.to_dict(), {
                'username': 'Field is required',
                'name': 'Field is required'})

    def test_spaces_in_keys(self):

        class Embedded(DynamicEmbeddedDocument):
            pass

        class Doc(DynamicDocument):
            pass

        Doc.drop_collection()
        doc = Doc()
        setattr(doc, 'hello world', 1)
        doc.save()

        one = Doc.objects.filter(**{'hello world': 1}).count()
        self.assertEqual(1, one)

    def test_fields_rewrite(self):
        class BasePerson(Document):
            name = StringField()
            age = IntField()
            meta = {'abstract': True}

        class Person(BasePerson):
            name = StringField(required=True)

        p = Person(age=15)
        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, p.validate)

    def test_cascaded_save_wrong_reference(self):

        class ADocument(Document):
            val = IntField()

        class BDocument(Document):
            a = ReferenceField(ADocument)

        ADocument.drop_collection()
        BDocument.drop_collection()

        a = ADocument()
        a.val = 15
        a.save()

        b = BDocument()
        b.a = a
        b.save()

        a.delete()

        b = BDocument.objects.first()
        b.save(cascade=True)

    def test_shard_key(self):
        class LogEntry(Document):
            machine = StringField()
            log = StringField()

            meta = {
                'shard_key': ('machine',)
            }

        LogEntry.drop_collection()

        log = LogEntry()
        log.machine = "Localhost"
        log.save()

        log.log = "Saving"
        log.save()

        def change_shard_key():
            log.machine = "127.0.0.1"

        self.assertRaises(OperationError, change_shard_key)

    def test_shard_key_primary(self):
        class LogEntry(Document):
            machine = StringField(primary_key=True)
            log = StringField()

            meta = {
                'shard_key': ('machine',)
            }

        LogEntry.drop_collection()

        log = LogEntry()
        log.machine = "Localhost"
        log.save()

        log.log = "Saving"
        log.save()

        def change_shard_key():
            log.machine = "127.0.0.1"

        self.assertRaises(OperationError, change_shard_key)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()