From d3e4fbb3114e4be767eec30c85e13a73892f92a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James <50501825+Gobot1234@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 20 Sep 2020 21:00:02 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] Add Documentation (#125)

Add sphinx docs with readthedocs integration.

Docs can be built locally with `poe docs`.
---
 CONTRIBUTING.md => .github/CONTRIBUTING.md |   0
 .github/workflows/code-quality.yml         |  10 +-
 .readthedocs.yml                           |  17 ++
 README.md                                  |   2 +-
 docs/api.rst                               |  31 +++
 docs/conf.py                               |  60 ++++
 docs/index.rst                             |  33 +++
 docs/migrating.rst                         | 157 +++++++++++
 docs/quick-start.rst                       | 192 +++++++++++++
 docs/upgrading.md                          |  16 --
 poetry.lock                                | 308 ++++++++++++++++++---
 pyproject.toml                             |   3 +
 src/betterproto/__init__.py                | 179 ++++++++++--
 src/betterproto/casing.py                  |  63 ++++-
 14 files changed, 973 insertions(+), 98 deletions(-)
 rename CONTRIBUTING.md => .github/CONTRIBUTING.md (100%)
 create mode 100644 .readthedocs.yml
 create mode 100644 docs/api.rst
 create mode 100644 docs/conf.py
 create mode 100644 docs/index.rst
 create mode 100644 docs/migrating.rst
 create mode 100644 docs/quick-start.rst
 delete mode 100644 docs/upgrading.md

diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md
similarity index 100%
rename from CONTRIBUTING.md
rename to .github/CONTRIBUTING.md
diff --git a/.github/workflows/code-quality.yml b/.github/workflows/code-quality.yml
index 8ab34bd..03221ab 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/code-quality.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/code-quality.yml
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ on:
       - '**'
 
 jobs:
-  black:
-    name: Black
+  check-formatting:
+    name: Check code/doc formatting
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v2
@@ -18,3 +18,9 @@ jobs:
       uses: lgeiger/black-action@master
       with:
         args: --check src/ tests/
+
+    - name: Install rST dependcies
+      run: python -m pip install doc8
+    - name: Lint documentation for errors
+      run: python -m doc8 docs --max-line-length 88 --ignore-path-errors "docs/migrating.rst;D001"
+      # it has a table which is longer than 88 characters long
diff --git a/.readthedocs.yml b/.readthedocs.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a0b3b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.readthedocs.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+version: 2
+formats: []
+
+build:
+  image: latest
+
+sphinx:
+  configuration: docs/conf.py
+  fail_on_warning: false
+
+python:
+  version: 3.7
+  install:
+    - method: pip
+      path: .
+      extra_requirements:
+        - dev
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 2f3b95c..c70aca7 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ datetime.datetime(2019, 1, 1, 11, 59, 58, 800000, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
 ## Development
 
 - _Join us on [Slack](https://join.slack.com/t/betterproto/shared_invite/zt-f0n0uolx-iN8gBNrkPxtKHTLpG3o1OQ)!_
-- _See how you can help &rarr; [Contributing](CONTRIBUTING.md)_
+- _See how you can help &rarr; [Contributing](.github/CONTRIBUTING.md)_
 
 ### Requirements
 
diff --git a/docs/api.rst b/docs/api.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ceae2d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/api.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+.. currentmodule:: betterproto
+
+API reference
+=============
+
+The following document outlines betterproto's api. **None** of these classes should be
+extended by the user manually.
+
+
+Message
+--------
+
+.. autoclass:: betterproto.Message
+    :members:
+    :special-members: __bytes__
+
+
+.. autofunction:: betterproto.serialized_on_wire
+
+.. autofunction:: betterproto.which_one_of
+
+
+Enumerations
+-------------
+
+.. autoclass:: betterproto.Enum()
+    :members:
+
+
+.. autoclass:: betterproto.Casing()
+    :members:
diff --git a/docs/conf.py b/docs/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..564208f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+# Configuration file for the Sphinx documentation builder.
+#
+# This file only contains a selection of the most common options. For a full
+# list see the documentation:
+# https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html
+
+# If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
+# add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
+# documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
+
+import pathlib
+
+import toml
+
+
+# -- Project information -----------------------------------------------------
+
+project = "betterproto"
+copyright = "2019 Daniel G. Taylor"
+author = "danielgtaylor"
+pyproject = toml.load(open(pathlib.Path(__file__).parent.parent / "pyproject.toml"))
+
+
+# The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
+release = pyproject["tool"]["poetry"]["version"]
+
+
+# -- General configuration ---------------------------------------------------
+
+# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
+# extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
+# ones.
+extensions = [
+    "sphinx.ext.autodoc",
+    "sphinx.ext.intersphinx",
+    "sphinx.ext.napoleon",
+]
+
+autodoc_member_order = "bysource"
+autodoc_typehints = "none"
+
+extlinks = {
+    "issue": ("https://github.com/danielgtaylor/python-betterproto/issues/%s", "GH-"),
+}
+
+# Links used for cross-referencing stuff in other documentation
+intersphinx_mapping = {
+    "py": ("https://docs.python.org/3", None),
+}
+
+
+# -- Options for HTML output -------------------------------------------------
+
+# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
+pygments_style = "friendly"
+
+# The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
+# a list of builtin themes.
+
+html_theme = "sphinx_rtd_theme"
diff --git a/docs/index.rst b/docs/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfaa8fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+Welcome to betterproto's documentation!
+=======================================
+
+betterproto is a protobuf compiler and interpreter. It improves the experience of using
+Protobuf and gRPC in Python, by generating readable, understandable, and idiomatic
+Python code, using modern language features.
+
+
+Features:
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+- Generated messages are both binary & JSON serializable
+- Messages use relevant python types, e.g. ``Enum``, ``datetime`` and ``timedelta``
+  objects
+- ``async``/``await`` support for gRPC Clients
+- Generates modern, readable, idiomatic python code
+
+Contents:
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. toctree::
+    :maxdepth: 2
+
+    quick-start
+    api
+    migrating
+
+
+If you still can't find what you're looking for, try in one of the following pages:
+
+* :ref:`genindex`
+* :ref:`modindex`
+* :ref:`search`
diff --git a/docs/migrating.rst b/docs/migrating.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f18eac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/migrating.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+Migrating Guide
+===============
+
+Google's protocolbuffers
+------------------------
+
+betterproto has a mostly 1 to 1 drop in replacement for Google's protocolbuffers (after
+regenerating your protobufs of course) although there are some minor differences.
+
+.. note::
+
+    betterproto implements the same basic methods including:
+
+        - :meth:`betterproto.Message.FromString`
+        - :meth:`betterproto.Message.SerializeToString`
+
+    for compatibility purposes, however it is important to note that these are
+    effectively aliases for :meth:`betterproto.Message.parse` and
+    :meth:`betterproto.Message.__bytes__` respectively.
+
+
+Determining if a message was sent
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Sometimes it is useful to be able to determine whether a message has been sent on
+the wire. This is how the Google wrapper types work to let you know whether a value is
+unset (set as the default/zero value), or set as something else, for example.
+
+Use ``betterproto.serialized_on_wire(message)`` to determine if it was sent. This is
+a little bit different from the official Google generated Python code, and it lives
+outside the generated ``Message`` class to prevent name clashes. Note that it only
+supports Proto 3 and thus can only be used to check if ``Message`` fields are set.
+You cannot check if a scalar was sent on the wire.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    # Old way (official Google Protobuf package)
+    >>> mymessage.HasField('myfield')
+    True
+
+    # New way (this project)
+    >>> betterproto.serialized_on_wire(mymessage.myfield)
+    True
+
+
+One-of Support
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Protobuf supports grouping fields in a oneof clause. Only one of the fields in the group
+may be set at a given time. For example, given the proto:
+
+.. code-block:: proto
+
+    syntax = "proto3";
+
+    message Test {
+      oneof foo {
+        bool on = 1;
+        int32 count = 2;
+        string name = 3;
+      }
+    }
+
+You can use ``betterproto.which_one_of(message, group_name)`` to determine which of the
+fields was set. It returns a tuple of the field name and value, or a blank string and
+``None`` if unset. Again this is a little different than the official Google code
+generator:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    # Old way (official Google protobuf package)
+    >>> message.WhichOneof("group")
+    "foo"
+
+    # New way (this project)
+    >>> betterproto.which_one_of(message, "group")
+    ("foo", "foo's value")
+
+
+Well-Known Google Types
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Google provides several well-known message types like a timestamp, duration, and several
+wrappers used to provide optional zero value support. Each of these has a special JSON
+representation and is handled a little differently from normal messages. The Python
+mapping for these is as follows:
+
++-------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------+
+| ``Google Message``            | ``Python Type``                               | ``Default``              |
++===============================+===============================================+==========================+
+| ``google.protobuf.duration``  | :class:`datetime.timedelta`                   | ``0``                    |
++-------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------+
+| ``google.protobuf.timestamp`` | ``Timezone-aware`` :class:`datetime.datetime` | ``1970-01-01T00:00:00Z`` |
++-------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------+
+| ``google.protobuf.*Value``    | ``Optional[...]``/``None``                    | ``None``                 |
++-------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------+
+| ``google.protobuf.*``         | ``betterproto.lib.google.protobuf.*``         | ``None``                 |
++-------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+--------------------------+
+
+
+For the wrapper types, the Python type corresponds to the wrapped type, e.g.
+``google.protobuf.BoolValue`` becomes ``Optional[bool]`` while
+``google.protobuf.Int32Value`` becomes ``Optional[int]``. All of the optional values
+default to None, so don't forget to check for that possible state.
+
+Given:
+
+.. code-block:: proto
+
+    syntax = "proto3";
+
+    import "google/protobuf/duration.proto";
+    import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
+    import "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+
+    message Test {
+      google.protobuf.BoolValue maybe = 1;
+      google.protobuf.Timestamp ts = 2;
+      google.protobuf.Duration duration = 3;
+    }
+
+You can use it as such:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    >>> t = Test().from_dict({"maybe": True, "ts": "2019-01-01T12:00:00Z", "duration": "1.200s"})
+    >>> t
+    Test(maybe=True, ts=datetime.datetime(2019, 1, 1, 12, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc), duration=datetime.timedelta(seconds=1, microseconds=200000))
+
+    >>> t.ts - t.duration
+    datetime.datetime(2019, 1, 1, 11, 59, 58, 800000, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
+
+    >>> t.ts.isoformat()
+    '2019-01-01T12:00:00+00:00'
+
+    >>> t.maybe = None
+    >>> t.to_dict()
+    {'ts': '2019-01-01T12:00:00Z', 'duration': '1.200s'}
+
+
+[1.2.5] to [2.0.0b1]
+--------------------
+
+Updated package structures
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Generated code now strictly follows the *package structure* of the ``.proto`` files.
+Consequently ``.proto`` files without a package will be combined in a single
+``__init__.py`` file. To avoid overwriting existing ``__init__.py`` files, its best
+to compile into a dedicated subdirectory.
+
+Upgrading:
+
+- Remove your previously compiled ``.py`` files.
+- Create a new *empty* directory, e.g. ``generated`` or ``lib/generated/proto`` etc.
+- Regenerate your python files into this directory
+- Update import statements, e.g. ``import ExampleMessage from generated``
diff --git a/docs/quick-start.rst b/docs/quick-start.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c731ca2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/quick-start.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+Getting Started
+===============
+
+Installation
+++++++++++++
+
+Installation from PyPI is as simple as running:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+    python3 -m pip install -U betterproto
+
+If you are using Windows, then the following should be used instead:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+    py -3 -m pip install -U betterproto
+
+To include the protoc plugin, install betterproto[compiler] instead of betterproto,
+e.g.
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+    python3 -m pip install -U "betterproto[compiler]"
+
+Compiling proto files
++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+
+Given you installed the compiler and have a proto file, e.g ``example.proto``:
+
+.. code-block:: proto
+
+    syntax = "proto3";
+
+    package hello;
+
+    // Greeting represents a message you can tell a user.
+    message Greeting {
+      string message = 1;
+    }
+
+To compile the proto you would run the following:
+
+You can run the following to invoke protoc directly:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+    mkdir hello
+    protoc -I . --python_betterproto_out=lib example.proto
+
+or run the following to invoke protoc via grpcio-tools:
+
+.. code-block:: sh
+
+    pip install grpcio-tools
+    python -m grpc_tools.protoc -I . --python_betterproto_out=lib example.proto
+
+
+This will generate ``lib/__init__.py`` which looks like:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    # Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
+    # sources: example.proto
+    # plugin: python-betterproto
+    from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+    import betterproto
+
+
+    @dataclass
+    class Greeting(betterproto.Message):
+        """Greeting represents a message you can tell a user."""
+
+        message: str = betterproto.string_field(1)
+
+
+Then to use it:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    >>> from lib import Greeting
+
+    >>> test = Greeting()
+    >>> test
+    Greeting(message='')
+
+    >>> test.message = "Hey!"
+    >>> test
+    Greeting(message="Hey!")
+
+    >>> bytes(test)
+    b'\n\x04Hey!'
+    >>> Greeting().parse(serialized)
+    Greeting(message="Hey!")
+
+
+Async gRPC Support
+++++++++++++++++++
+
+The generated code includes `grpclib <https://grpclib.readthedocs.io/en/latest>`_ based
+stub (client) classes for rpc services declared in the input proto files.
+It is enabled by default.
+
+
+Given a service definition similar to the one below:
+
+.. code-block:: proto
+
+    syntax = "proto3";
+
+    package echo;
+
+    message EchoRequest {
+      string value = 1;
+      // Number of extra times to echo
+      uint32 extra_times = 2;
+    }
+
+    message EchoResponse {
+      repeated string values = 1;
+    }
+
+    message EchoStreamResponse  {
+      string value = 1;
+    }
+
+    service Echo {
+      rpc Echo(EchoRequest) returns (EchoResponse);
+      rpc EchoStream(EchoRequest) returns (stream EchoStreamResponse);
+    }
+
+The generated client can be used like so:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    import asyncio
+    from grpclib.client import Channel
+    import echo
+
+
+    async def main():
+        channel = Channel(host="127.0.0.1", port=50051)
+        service = echo.EchoStub(channel)
+        response = await service.echo(value="hello", extra_times=1)
+        print(response)
+
+        async for response in service.echo_stream(value="hello", extra_times=1):
+            print(response)
+
+        # don't forget to close the channel when you're done!
+        channel.close()
+
+    asyncio.run(main())  # python 3.7 only
+
+    # outputs
+    EchoResponse(values=['hello', 'hello'])
+    EchoStreamResponse(value='hello')
+    EchoStreamResponse(value='hello')
+
+
+JSON
+++++
+Message objects include :meth:`betterproto.Message.to_json` and
+:meth:`betterproto.Message.from_json` methods for JSON (de)serialisation, and
+:meth:`betterproto.Message.to_dict`, :meth:`betterproto.Message.from_dict` for
+converting back and forth from JSON serializable dicts.
+
+For compatibility the default is to convert field names to
+:attr:`betterproto.Casing.CAMEL`. You can control this behavior by passing a
+different casing value, e.g:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    @dataclass
+    class MyMessage(betterproto.Message):
+        a_long_field_name: str = betterproto.string_field(1)
+
+
+    >>> test = MyMessage(a_long_field_name="Hello World!")
+    >>> test.to_dict(betterproto.Casing.SNAKE)
+    {"a_long_field_name": "Hello World!"}
+    >>> test.to_dict(betterproto.Casing.CAMEL)
+    {"aLongFieldName": "Hello World!"}
+
+    >>> test.to_json(indent=2)
+    '{\n  "aLongFieldName": "Hello World!"\n}'
+
+    >>> test.from_dict({"aLongFieldName": "Goodbye World!"})
+    >>> test.a_long_field_name
+    "Goodbye World!"
diff --git a/docs/upgrading.md b/docs/upgrading.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 84534a3..0000000
--- a/docs/upgrading.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-# Upgrade Guide
-
-## [1.2.5] to [2.0.0b1]
-
-### Updated package structures
-
-Generated code now strictly follows the *package structure* of the `.proto` files.
-Consequently `.proto` files without a package will be combined in a single `__init__.py` file.
-To avoid overwriting existing `__init__.py` files, its best to compile into a dedicated subdirectory.
-
-Upgrading:
-
-- Remove your previously compiled `.py` files.
-- Create a new *empty* directory, e.g. `generated` or `lib/generated/proto` etcetera.
-- Regenerate your python files into this directory
-- Update import statements, e.g. `import ExampleMessage from generated`
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/poetry.lock b/poetry.lock
index c00b035..ef3189d 100644
--- a/poetry.lock
+++ b/poetry.lock
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+[[package]]
+category = "dev"
+description = "A configurable sidebar-enabled Sphinx theme"
+name = "alabaster"
+optional = false
+python-versions = "*"
+version = "0.7.12"
+
 [[package]]
 category = "main"
 description = "A small Python module for determining appropriate platform-specific dirs, e.g. a \"user data dir\"."
@@ -43,6 +51,17 @@ docs = ["sphinx", "sphinx-rtd-theme", "zope.interface"]
 tests = ["coverage (>=5.0.2)", "hypothesis", "pympler", "pytest (>=4.3.0)", "six", "zope.interface"]
 tests_no_zope = ["coverage (>=5.0.2)", "hypothesis", "pympler", "pytest (>=4.3.0)", "six"]
 
+[[package]]
+category = "dev"
+description = "Internationalization utilities"
+name = "babel"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*"
+version = "2.8.0"
+
+[package.dependencies]
+pytz = ">=2015.7"
+
 [[package]]
 category = "main"
 description = "Backport of Python 3.7's datetime.fromisoformat"
@@ -148,7 +167,7 @@ description = "Code coverage measurement for Python"
 name = "coverage"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*, !=3.4.*, <4"
-version = "5.2.1"
+version = "5.3"
 
 [package.extras]
 toml = ["toml"]
@@ -182,6 +201,14 @@ optional = false
 python-versions = "*"
 version = "0.3.1"
 
+[[package]]
+category = "dev"
+description = "Docutils -- Python Documentation Utilities"
+name = "docutils"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*, !=3.4.*"
+version = "0.16"
+
 [[package]]
 category = "dev"
 description = "A platform independent file lock."
@@ -276,6 +303,14 @@ optional = false
 python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*"
 version = "2.10"
 
+[[package]]
+category = "dev"
+description = "Getting image size from png/jpeg/jpeg2000/gif file"
+name = "imagesize"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*"
+version = "1.2.0"
+
 [[package]]
 category = "dev"
 description = "Read metadata from Python packages"
@@ -389,7 +424,7 @@ description = "Bring colors to your terminal."
 name = "pastel"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*"
-version = "0.2.0"
+version = "0.2.1"
 
 [[package]]
 category = "main"
@@ -453,7 +488,7 @@ description = "Pygments is a syntax highlighting package written in Python."
 name = "pygments"
 optional = false
 python-versions = ">=3.5"
-version = "2.7.0"
+version = "2.7.1"
 
 [[package]]
 category = "dev"
@@ -532,6 +567,14 @@ pytest = ">=5.0"
 [package.extras]
 dev = ["pre-commit", "tox", "pytest-asyncio"]
 
+[[package]]
+category = "dev"
+description = "World timezone definitions, modern and historical"
+name = "pytz"
+optional = false
+python-versions = "*"
+version = "2020.1"
+
 [[package]]
 category = "main"
 description = "Alternative regular expression module, to replace re."
@@ -566,6 +609,131 @@ optional = false
 python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*"
 version = "1.15.0"
 
+[[package]]
+category = "dev"
+description = "This package provides 26 stemmers for 25 languages generated from Snowball algorithms."
+name = "snowballstemmer"
+optional = false
+python-versions = "*"
+version = "2.0.0"
+
+[[package]]
+category = "dev"
+description = "Python documentation generator"
+name = "sphinx"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.5"
+version = "3.1.2"
+
+[package.dependencies]
+Jinja2 = ">=2.3"
+Pygments = ">=2.0"
+alabaster = ">=0.7,<0.8"
+babel = ">=1.3"
+colorama = ">=0.3.5"
+docutils = ">=0.12"
+imagesize = "*"
+packaging = "*"
+requests = ">=2.5.0"
+setuptools = "*"
+snowballstemmer = ">=1.1"
+sphinxcontrib-applehelp = "*"
+sphinxcontrib-devhelp = "*"
+sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp = "*"
+sphinxcontrib-jsmath = "*"
+sphinxcontrib-qthelp = "*"
+sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml = "*"
+
+[package.extras]
+docs = ["sphinxcontrib-websupport"]
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+
+[[package]]
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 [[package]]
 category = "main"
 description = "Python Library for Tom's Obvious, Minimal Language"
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+]
 importlib-metadata = [
     {file = "importlib_metadata-1.7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:dc15b2969b4ce36305c51eebe62d418ac7791e9a157911d58bfb1f9ccd8e2070"},
     {file = "importlib_metadata-1.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:90bb658cdbbf6d1735b6341ce708fc7024a3e14e99ffdc5783edea9f9b077f83"},
@@ -999,8 +1183,8 @@ packaging = [
     {file = "packaging-20.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:4357f74f47b9c12db93624a82154e9b120fa8293699949152b22065d556079f8"},
 ]
 pastel = [
-    {file = "pastel-0.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:18b559dc3ad4ba9b8bd5baebe6503f25f36d21460f021cf27a8d889cb5d17840"},
-    {file = "pastel-0.2.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:46155fc523bdd4efcd450bbcb3f2b94a6e3b25edc0eb493e081104ad09e1ca36"},
+    {file = "pastel-0.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:4349225fcdf6c2bb34d483e523475de5bb04a5c10ef711263452cb37d7dd4364"},
+    {file = "pastel-0.2.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:e6581ac04e973cac858828c6202c1e1e81fee1dc7de7683f3e1ffe0bfd8a573d"},
 ]
 pathspec = [
     {file = "pathspec-0.8.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:7d91249d21749788d07a2d0f94147accd8f845507400749ea19c1ec9054a12b0"},
@@ -1039,8 +1223,8 @@ py = [
     {file = "py-1.9.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:9ca6883ce56b4e8da7e79ac18787889fa5206c79dcc67fb065376cd2fe03f342"},
 ]
 pygments = [
-    {file = "Pygments-2.7.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:2df50d16b45b977217e02cba6c8422aaddb859f3d0570a88e09b00eafae89c6e"},
-    {file = "Pygments-2.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:2594e8fdb06fef91552f86f4fd3a244d148ab24b66042036e64f29a291515048"},
+    {file = "Pygments-2.7.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:307543fe65c0947b126e83dd5a61bd8acbd84abec11f43caebaf5534cbc17998"},
+    {file = "Pygments-2.7.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:926c3f319eda178d1bd90851e4317e6d8cdb5e292a3386aac9bd75eca29cf9c7"},
 ]
 pyparsing = [
     {file = "pyparsing-2.4.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:ef9d7589ef3c200abe66653d3f1ab1033c3c419ae9b9bdb1240a85b024efc88b"},
@@ -1061,6 +1245,10 @@ pytest-mock = [
     {file = "pytest-mock-3.3.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a4d6d37329e4a893e77d9ffa89e838dd2b45d5dc099984cf03c703ac8411bb82"},
     {file = "pytest_mock-3.3.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:024e405ad382646318c4281948aadf6fe1135632bea9cc67366ea0c4098ef5f2"},
 ]
+pytz = [
+    {file = "pytz-2020.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:a494d53b6d39c3c6e44c3bec237336e14305e4f29bbf800b599253057fbb79ed"},
+    {file = "pytz-2020.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c35965d010ce31b23eeb663ed3cc8c906275d6be1a34393a1d73a41febf4a048"},
+]
 regex = [
     {file = "regex-2020.7.14-cp27-cp27m-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:e46d13f38cfcbb79bfdb2964b0fe12561fe633caf964a77a5f8d4e45fe5d2ef7"},
     {file = "regex-2020.7.14-cp27-cp27m-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:6961548bba529cac7c07af2fd4d527c5b91bb8fe18995fed6044ac22b3d14644"},
@@ -1092,6 +1280,42 @@ six = [
     {file = "six-1.15.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:8b74bedcbbbaca38ff6d7491d76f2b06b3592611af620f8426e82dddb04a5ced"},
     {file = "six-1.15.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:30639c035cdb23534cd4aa2dd52c3bf48f06e5f4a941509c8bafd8ce11080259"},
 ]
+snowballstemmer = [
+    {file = "snowballstemmer-2.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:209f257d7533fdb3cb73bdbd24f436239ca3b2fa67d56f6ff88e86be08cc5ef0"},
+    {file = "snowballstemmer-2.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:df3bac3df4c2c01363f3dd2cfa78cce2840a79b9f1c2d2de9ce8d31683992f52"},
+]
+sphinx = [
+    {file = "Sphinx-3.1.2-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:97dbf2e31fc5684bb805104b8ad34434ed70e6c588f6896991b2fdfd2bef8c00"},
+    {file = "Sphinx-3.1.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b9daeb9b39aa1ffefc2809b43604109825300300b987a24f45976c001ba1a8fd"},
+]
+sphinx-rtd-theme = [
+    {file = "sphinx_rtd_theme-0.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:373413d0f82425aaa28fb288009bf0d0964711d347763af2f1b65cafcb028c82"},
+    {file = "sphinx_rtd_theme-0.5.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:22c795ba2832a169ca301cd0a083f7a434e09c538c70beb42782c073651b707d"},
+]
+sphinxcontrib-applehelp = [
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib-applehelp-1.0.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a072735ec80e7675e3f432fcae8610ecf509c5f1869d17e2eecff44389cdbc58"},
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib_applehelp-1.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:806111e5e962be97c29ec4c1e7fe277bfd19e9652fb1a4392105b43e01af885a"},
+]
+sphinxcontrib-devhelp = [
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib-devhelp-1.0.2.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:ff7f1afa7b9642e7060379360a67e9c41e8f3121f2ce9164266f61b9f4b338e4"},
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib_devhelp-1.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:8165223f9a335cc1af7ffe1ed31d2871f325254c0423bc0c4c7cd1c1e4734a2e"},
+]
+sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp = [
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp-1.0.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:e8f5bb7e31b2dbb25b9cc435c8ab7a79787ebf7f906155729338f3156d93659b"},
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib_htmlhelp-1.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:3c0bc24a2c41e340ac37c85ced6dafc879ab485c095b1d65d2461ac2f7cca86f"},
+]
+sphinxcontrib-jsmath = [
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib-jsmath-1.0.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a9925e4a4587247ed2191a22df5f6970656cb8ca2bd6284309578f2153e0c4b8"},
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib_jsmath-1.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:2ec2eaebfb78f3f2078e73666b1415417a116cc848b72e5172e596c871103178"},
+]
+sphinxcontrib-qthelp = [
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib-qthelp-1.0.3.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:4c33767ee058b70dba89a6fc5c1892c0d57a54be67ddd3e7875a18d14cba5a72"},
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib_qthelp-1.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:bd9fc24bcb748a8d51fd4ecaade681350aa63009a347a8c14e637895444dfab6"},
+]
+sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml = [
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml-1.1.4.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:eaa0eccc86e982a9b939b2b82d12cc5d013385ba5eadcc7e4fed23f4405f77bc"},
+    {file = "sphinxcontrib_serializinghtml-1.1.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:f242a81d423f59617a8e5cf16f5d4d74e28ee9a66f9e5b637a18082991db5a9a"},
+]
 toml = [
     {file = "toml-0.10.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:bda89d5935c2eac546d648028b9901107a595863cb36bae0c73ac804a9b4ce88"},
     {file = "toml-0.10.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:926b612be1e5ce0634a2ca03470f95169cf16f939018233a670519cb4ac58b0f"},
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 2debf7f..4d3068a 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ pytest-asyncio = "^0.12.0"
 pytest-cov = "^2.9.0"
 pytest-mock = "^3.1.1"
 tox = "^3.15.1"
+sphinx = "3.1.2"
+sphinx-rtd-theme = "0.5.0"
 asv = "^0.4.2"
 
 [tool.poetry.scripts]
@@ -48,6 +50,7 @@ test        = { cmd = "pytest --cov src", help = "Run tests" }
 types       = { cmd = "mypy src --ignore-missing-imports", help = "Check types with mypy" }
 format      = { cmd = "black . --exclude tests/output_",   help = "Apply black formatting to source code" }
 clean       = { cmd = "rm -rf .coverage .mypy_cache .pytest_cache dist betterproto.egg-info **/__pycache__ tests/output_*", help = "Clean out generated files from the workspace" }
+docs        = { cmd = "sphinx-build docs docs/build", help = "Build the sphinx docs"}
 bench       = { shell = "asv run master^! && asv run HEAD^! && asv compare master HEAD", help = "Benchmark current commit vs. master branch"}
 
 # CI tasks
diff --git a/src/betterproto/__init__.py b/src/betterproto/__init__.py
index 5985798..9a46fe1 100644
--- a/src/betterproto/__init__.py
+++ b/src/betterproto/__init__.py
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ DATETIME_ZERO = datetime_default_gen()
 class Casing(enum.Enum):
     """Casing constants for serialization."""
 
-    CAMEL = camel_case
-    SNAKE = snake_case
+    CAMEL = camel_case  #: A camelCase sterilization function.
+    SNAKE = snake_case  #: A snake_case sterilization function.
 
 
 PLACEHOLDER: Any = object()
@@ -249,11 +249,26 @@ def map_field(
 
 
 class Enum(enum.IntEnum):
-    """Protocol buffers enumeration base class. Acts like `enum.IntEnum`."""
+    """
+    The base class for protobuf enumerations, all generated enumerations will inherit
+    from this. Bases :class:`enum.IntEnum`.
+    """
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_string(cls, name: str) -> int:
-        """Return the value which corresponds to the string name."""
+    def from_string(cls, name: str) -> "Enum":
+        """
+        Return the value which corresponds to the string name.
+
+        Parameters
+        -----------
+        name: :class:`str`
+            The name of the enum member to get
+
+        Raises
+        -------
+        :exc:`ValueError`
+            The member was not found in the Enum.
+        """
         try:
             return cls._member_map_[name]
         except KeyError as e:
@@ -497,9 +512,15 @@ class ProtoClassMetadata:
 
 class Message(ABC):
     """
-    A protobuf message base class. Generated code will inherit from this and
-    register the message fields which get used by the serializers and parsers
-    to go between Python, binary and JSON protobuf message representations.
+    The base class for protobuf messages, all generated messages will inherit from
+    this. This class registers the message fields which are used by the serializers and
+    parsers to go between the Python, binary and JSON representations of the message.
+
+    .. container:: operations
+
+        .. describe:: bytes(x)
+
+            Calls :meth:`__bytes__`.
     """
 
     _serialized_on_wire: bool
@@ -605,7 +626,7 @@ class Message(ABC):
 
     def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
         """
-        Get the binary encoded Protobuf representation of this instance.
+        Get the binary encoded Protobuf representation of this message instance.
         """
         output = bytearray()
         for field_name, meta in self._betterproto.meta_by_field_name.items():
@@ -684,7 +705,20 @@ class Message(ABC):
         return bytes(output)
 
     # For compatibility with other libraries
-    SerializeToString = __bytes__
+    def SerializeToString(self: T) -> bytes:
+        """
+        Get the binary encoded Protobuf representation of this message instance.
+
+        .. note::
+            This is a method for compatibility with other libraries,
+            you should really use ``bytes(x)``.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        :class:`bytes`
+            The binary encoded Protobuf representation of this message instance
+        """
+        return bytes(self)
 
     @classmethod
     def _type_hint(cls, field_name: str) -> Type:
@@ -788,6 +822,16 @@ class Message(ABC):
         """
         Parse the binary encoded Protobuf into this message instance. This
         returns the instance itself and is therefore assignable and chainable.
+
+        Parameters
+        -----------
+        data: :class:`bytes`
+            The data to parse the protobuf from.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        :class:`Message`
+            The initialized message.
         """
         # Got some data over the wire
         self._serialized_on_wire = True
@@ -838,20 +882,47 @@ class Message(ABC):
     # For compatibility with other libraries.
     @classmethod
     def FromString(cls: Type[T], data: bytes) -> T:
+        """
+        Parse the binary encoded Protobuf into this message instance. This
+        returns the instance itself and is therefore assignable and chainable.
+
+        .. note::
+            This is a method for compatibility with other libraries,
+            you should really use :meth:`parse`.
+
+
+        Parameters
+        -----------
+        data: :class:`bytes`
+            The data to parse the protobuf from.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        :class:`Message`
+            The initialized message.
+        """
         return cls().parse(data)
 
     def to_dict(
         self, casing: Casing = Casing.CAMEL, include_default_values: bool = False
     ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """
-        Returns a dict representation of this message instance which can be
-        used to serialize to e.g. JSON. Defaults to camel casing for
-        compatibility but can be set to other modes.
+        Returns a JSON serializable dict representation of this object.
 
-        `include_default_values` can be set to `True` to include default
-        values of fields. E.g. an `int32` type field with `0` value will
-        not be in returned dict if `include_default_values` is set to
-        `False`.
+        Parameters
+        -----------
+        casing: :class:`Casing`
+            The casing to use for key values. Default is :attr:`Casing.CAMEL` for
+            compatibility purposes.
+        include_default_values: :class:`bool`
+            If ``True`` will include the default values of fields. Default is ``False``.
+            E.g. an ``int32`` field will be included with a value of ``0`` if this is
+            set to ``True``, otherwise this would be ignored.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        Dict[:class:`str`, Any]
+            The JSON serializable dict representation of this object.
         """
         output: Dict[str, Any] = {}
         field_types = self._type_hints()
@@ -938,10 +1009,20 @@ class Message(ABC):
                     output[cased_name] = value
         return output
 
-    def from_dict(self: T, value: dict) -> T:
+    def from_dict(self: T, value: Dict[str, Any]) -> T:
         """
-        Parse the key/value pairs in `value` into this message instance. This
-        returns the instance itself and is therefore assignable and chainable.
+        Parse the key/value pairs into the current message instance. This returns the
+        instance itself and is therefore assignable and chainable.
+
+        Parameters
+        -----------
+        value: Dict[:class:`str`, Any]
+            The dictionary to parse from.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        :class:`Message`
+            The initialized message.
         """
         self._serialized_on_wire = True
         for key in value:
@@ -998,28 +1079,70 @@ class Message(ABC):
         return self
 
     def to_json(self, indent: Union[None, int, str] = None) -> str:
-        """Returns the encoded JSON representation of this message instance."""
+        """A helper function to parse the message instance into its JSON
+        representation.
+
+        This is equivalent to::
+
+            json.dumps(message.to_dict(), indent=indent)
+
+        Parameters
+        -----------
+        indent: Optional[Union[:class:`int`, :class:`str`]]
+            The indent to pass to :func:`json.dumps`.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        :class:`str`
+            The JSON representation of the message.
+        """
         return json.dumps(self.to_dict(), indent=indent)
 
     def from_json(self: T, value: Union[str, bytes]) -> T:
-        """
-        Parse the key/value pairs in `value` into this message instance. This
-        returns the instance itself and is therefore assignable and chainable.
+        """A helper function to return the message instance from its JSON
+        representation. This returns the instance itself and is therefore assignable
+        and chainable.
+
+        This is equivalent to::
+
+            return message.from_dict(json.loads(value))
+
+        Parameters
+        -----------
+        value: Union[:class:`str`, :class:`bytes`]
+            The value to pass to :func:`json.loads`.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        :class:`Message`
+            The initialized message.
         """
         return self.from_dict(json.loads(value))
 
 
 def serialized_on_wire(message: Message) -> bool:
     """
-    True if this message was or should be serialized on the wire. This can
-    be used to detect presence (e.g. optional wrapper message) and is used
-    internally during parsing/serialization.
+    If this message was or should be serialized on the wire. This can be used to detect
+    presence (e.g. optional wrapper message) and is used internally during
+    parsing/serialization.
+
+    Returns
+    --------
+    :class:`bool`
+        Whether this message was or should be serialized on the wire.
     """
     return message._serialized_on_wire
 
 
 def which_one_of(message: Message, group_name: str) -> Tuple[str, Any]:
-    """Return the name and value of a message's one-of field group."""
+    """
+    Return the name and value of a message's one-of field group.
+
+    Returns
+    --------
+    Tuple[:class:`str`, Any]
+        The field name and the value for that field.
+    """
     field_name = message._group_current.get(group_name)
     if not field_name:
         return ("", None)
diff --git a/src/betterproto/casing.py b/src/betterproto/casing.py
index e21e7fd..cd3c344 100644
--- a/src/betterproto/casing.py
+++ b/src/betterproto/casing.py
@@ -21,14 +21,24 @@ def safe_snake_case(value: str) -> str:
     return value
 
 
-def snake_case(value: str, strict: bool = True):
+def snake_case(value: str, strict: bool = True) -> str:
     """
     Join words with an underscore into lowercase and remove symbols.
-    @param value: value to convert
-    @param strict: force single underscores
+
+    Parameters
+    -----------
+    value: :class:`str`
+        The value to convert.
+    strict: :class:`bool`
+        Whether or not to force single underscores.
+
+    Returns
+    --------
+    :class:`str`
+        The value in snake_case.
     """
 
-    def substitute_word(symbols, word, is_start):
+    def substitute_word(symbols: str, word: str, is_start: bool) -> str:
         if not word:
             return ""
         if strict:
@@ -52,11 +62,21 @@ def snake_case(value: str, strict: bool = True):
     return snake
 
 
-def pascal_case(value: str, strict: bool = True):
+def pascal_case(value: str, strict: bool = True) -> str:
     """
     Capitalize each word and remove symbols.
-    @param value: value to convert
-    @param strict: output only alphanumeric characters
+
+    Parameters
+    -----------
+    value: :class:`str`
+        The value to convert.
+    strict: :class:`bool`
+        Whether or not to output only alphanumeric characters.
+
+    Returns
+    --------
+    :class:`str`
+        The value in PascalCase.
     """
 
     def substitute_word(symbols, word):
@@ -77,14 +97,39 @@ def pascal_case(value: str, strict: bool = True):
     )
 
 
-def camel_case(value: str, strict: bool = True):
+def camel_case(value: str, strict: bool = True) -> str:
     """
     Capitalize all words except first and remove symbols.
+
+    Parameters
+    -----------
+    value: :class:`str`
+        The value to convert.
+    strict: :class:`bool`
+        Whether or not to output only alphanumeric characters.
+
+    Returns
+    --------
+    :class:`str`
+        The value in camelCase.
     """
     return lowercase_first(pascal_case(value, strict=strict))
 
 
-def lowercase_first(value: str):
+def lowercase_first(value: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Lower cases the first character of the value.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    value: :class:`str`
+        The value to lower case.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    :class:`str`
+        The lower cased string.
+    """
     return value[0:1].lower() + value[1:]