remove unnecessary randomness in indexes tests

Fix BaseQuerySet#sum and BaseQuerySet#average for fields that specify a db_field

.travis.yml

@@ -1,41 +1,58 @@
 language: python
+
 python:
 - '2.6'
 - '2.7'
-- '3.2'
 - '3.3'
 - '3.4'
 - '3.5'
 - pypy
 - pypy3
+
 env:
 - PYMONGO=2.7
 - PYMONGO=2.8
 - PYMONGO=3.0
 - PYMONGO=dev
+
 matrix:
   fast_finish: true
+
 before_install:
 - travis_retry sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv 7F0CEB10
 - echo 'deb http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/ubuntu-upstart dist 10gen' |
   sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb.list
 - travis_retry sudo apt-get update
 - travis_retry sudo apt-get install mongodb-org-server
+
 install:
 - sudo apt-get install python-dev python3-dev libopenjpeg-dev zlib1g-dev libjpeg-turbo8-dev
   libtiff4-dev libjpeg8-dev libfreetype6-dev liblcms2-dev libwebp-dev tcl8.5-dev tk8.5-dev
   python-tk
-- travis_retry pip install tox>=1.9 coveralls
+- travis_retry pip install --upgrade pip
+- travis_retry pip install coveralls
+- travis_retry pip install flake8
+- travis_retry pip install tox>=1.9
+- travis_retry pip install "virtualenv<14.0.0"  # virtualenv>=14.0.0 has dropped Python 3.2 support (and pypy3 is based on py32)
 - travis_retry tox -e $(echo py$TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION-mg$PYMONGO | tr -d . | sed -e 's/pypypy/pypy/') -- -e test
+
+# Run flake8 for py27
+before_script:
+- if [[ $TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION == '2.7' ]]; then tox -e flake8; fi
+
 script:
 - tox -e $(echo py$TRAVIS_PYTHON_VERSION-mg$PYMONGO | tr -d . | sed -e 's/pypypy/pypy/') -- --with-coverage
+
 after_script: coveralls --verbose
+
 notifications:
   irc: irc.freenode.org#mongoengine
+
 branches:
   only:
   - master
   - /^v.*$/
+
 deploy:
   provider: pypi
   user: the_drow

AUTHORS

@@ -228,5 +228,17 @@ that much better:
  * Vicki Donchenko (https://github.com/kivistein)
  * Emile Caron (https://github.com/emilecaron)
  * Amit Lichtenberg (https://github.com/amitlicht)
+ * Gang Li (https://github.com/iici-gli)
  * Lars Butler (https://github.com/larsbutler)
  * George Macon (https://github.com/gmacon)
+ * Ashley Whetter (https://github.com/AWhetter)
+ * Paul-Armand Verhaegen (https://github.com/paularmand)
+ * Steven Rossiter (https://github.com/BeardedSteve)
+ * Luo Peng (https://github.com/RussellLuo)
+ * Bryan Bennett (https://github.com/bbenne10)
+ * Gilb's Gilb's (https://github.com/gilbsgilbs)
+ * Joshua Nedrud (https://github.com/Neurostack)
+ * Shu Shen (https://github.com/shushen)
+ * xiaost7 (https://github.com/xiaost7)
+ * Victor Varvaryuk
+ * Stanislav Kaledin (https://github.com/sallyruthstruik)

README.rst

@@ -6,23 +6,23 @@ MongoEngine
 :Author: Harry Marr (http://github.com/hmarr)
 :Maintainer: Ross Lawley (http://github.com/rozza)
 
-.. image:: https://secure.travis-ci.org/MongoEngine/mongoengine.png?branch=master
+.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/MongoEngine/mongoengine.svg?branch=master
-  :target: http://travis-ci.org/MongoEngine/mongoengine
+  :target: https://travis-ci.org/MongoEngine/mongoengine
 
-.. image:: https://coveralls.io/repos/MongoEngine/mongoengine/badge.png?branch=master
+.. image:: https://coveralls.io/repos/github/MongoEngine/mongoengine/badge.svg?branch=master
-  :target: https://coveralls.io/r/MongoEngine/mongoengine?branch=master
+  :target: https://coveralls.io/github/MongoEngine/mongoengine?branch=master
 
-.. image:: https://landscape.io/github/MongoEngine/mongoengine/master/landscape.png
+.. image:: https://landscape.io/github/MongoEngine/mongoengine/master/landscape.svg?style=flat
-   :target: https://landscape.io/github/MongoEngine/mongoengine/master
+  :target: https://landscape.io/github/MongoEngine/mongoengine/master
-   :alt: Code Health
+  :alt: Code Health
 
 About
 =====
 MongoEngine is a Python Object-Document Mapper for working with MongoDB.
-Documentation available at http://mongoengine-odm.rtfd.org - there is currently
+Documentation available at https://mongoengine-odm.readthedocs.io - there is currently
-a `tutorial <http://readthedocs.org/docs/mongoengine-odm/en/latest/tutorial.html>`_, a `user guide
+a `tutorial <https://mongoengine-odm.readthedocs.io/tutorial.html>`_, a `user guide
-<https://mongoengine-odm.readthedocs.org/en/latest/guide/index.html>`_ and an `API reference
+<https://mongoengine-odm.readthedocs.io/guide/index.html>`_ and an `API reference
-<http://readthedocs.org/docs/mongoengine-odm/en/latest/apireference.html>`_.
+<https://mongoengine-odm.readthedocs.io/apireference.html>`_.
 
 Installation
 ============
@@ -48,12 +48,18 @@ Optional Dependencies
 
 Examples
 ========
-Some simple examples of what MongoEngine code looks like::
+Some simple examples of what MongoEngine code looks like:
+
+.. code :: python
+
+    from mongoengine import *
+    connect('mydb')
 
     class BlogPost(Document):
         title = StringField(required=True, max_length=200)
         posted = DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now)
         tags = ListField(StringField(max_length=50))
+        meta = {'allow_inheritance': True}
 
     class TextPost(BlogPost):
         content = StringField(required=True)
@@ -97,7 +103,7 @@ Some simple examples of what MongoEngine code looks like::
 Tests
 =====
 To run the test suite, ensure you are running a local instance of MongoDB on
-the standard port, and run: ``python setup.py nosetests``.
+the standard port and have ``nose`` installed. Then, run: ``python setup.py nosetests``.
 
 To run the test suite on every supported Python version and every supported PyMongo version,
 you can use ``tox``.

docs/changelog.rst

@@ -2,19 +2,71 @@
 Changelog
 =========
 
+Changes in 0.10.8
+=================
+- Added ability to specify an authentication mechanism (e.g. X.509) #1333
+- Added support for falsey primary keys (e.g. doc.pk = 0) #1354
+- Fixed BaseQuerySet#sum/average for fields w/ explicit db_field #1417
+
+Changes in 0.10.7
+=================
+- Dropped Python 3.2 support #1390
+- Fixed the bug where dynamic doc has index inside a dict field #1278
+- Fixed: ListField minus index assignment does not work #1128
+- Fixed cascade delete mixing among collections #1224
+- Add `signal_kwargs` argument to `Document.save`, `Document.delete` and `BaseQuerySet.insert` to be passed to signals calls #1206
+- Raise `OperationError` when trying to do a `drop_collection` on document with no collection set.
+- count on ListField of EmbeddedDocumentField fails. #1187
+- Fixed long fields stored as int32 in Python 3. #1253
+- MapField now handles unicodes keys correctly. #1267
+- ListField now handles negative indicies correctly. #1270
+- Fixed AttributeError when initializing EmbeddedDocument with positional args. #681
+- Fixed no_cursor_timeout error with pymongo 3.0+ #1304
+- Replaced map-reduce based QuerySet.sum/average with aggregation-based implementations #1336
+- Fixed support for `__` to escape field names that match operators names in `update` #1351
+- Fixed BaseDocument#_mark_as_changed #1369
+- Added support for pickling QuerySet instances. #1397
+- Fixed connecting to a list of hosts #1389
+- Fixed a bug where accessing broken references wouldn't raise a DoesNotExist error #1334
+- Fixed not being able to specify use_db_field=False on ListField(EmbeddedDocumentField) instances #1218
+- Improvements to the dictionary fields docs #1383
+
+Changes in 0.10.6
+=================
+- Add support for mocking MongoEngine based on mongomock. #1151
+- Fixed not being able to run tests on Windows. #1153
+- Allow creation of sparse compound indexes. #1114
+- count on ListField of EmbeddedDocumentField fails. #1187
+
+Changes in 0.10.5
+=================
+- Fix for reloading of strict with special fields. #1156
+
+Changes in 0.10.4
+=================
+- SaveConditionError is now importable from the top level package. #1165
+- upsert_one method added. #1157
+
+Changes in 0.10.3
+=================
+- Fix `read_preference` (it had chaining issues with PyMongo 2.x and it didn't work at all with PyMongo 3.x) #1042
+
 Changes in 0.10.2
 =================
 - Allow shard key to point to a field in an embedded document. #551
 - Allow arbirary metadata in fields. #1129
+- ReferenceFields now support abstract document types. #837
 
 Changes in 0.10.1
-=======================
+=================
 - Fix infinite recursion with CASCADE delete rules under specific conditions. #1046
 - Fix CachedReferenceField bug when loading cached docs as DBRef but failing to save them. #1047
 - Fix ignored chained options #842
 - Document save's save_condition error raises `SaveConditionError` exception #1070
 - Fix Document.reload for DynamicDocument. #1050
 - StrictDict & SemiStrictDict are shadowed at init time. #1105
+- Fix ListField minus index assignment does not work. #1119
+- Remove code that marks field as changed when the field has default but not existed in database #1126
 - Remove test dependencies (nose and rednose) from install dependencies list. #1079
 - Recursively build query when using elemMatch operator. #1130
 - Fix instance back references for lists of embedded documents. #1131

docs/code/tumblelog.py

@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@ class Post(Document):
     tags = ListField(StringField(max_length=30))
     comments = ListField(EmbeddedDocumentField(Comment))
 
+    # bugfix
+    meta = {'allow_inheritance': True}
+
+
 class TextPost(Post):
     content = StringField()
 
@@ -45,7 +49,8 @@ print 'ALL POSTS'
 print
 for post in Post.objects:
     print post.title
-    print '=' * post.title.count()
+    #print '=' * post.title.count()
+    print "=" * 20
 
     if isinstance(post, TextPost):
         print post.content

docs/guide/defining-documents.rst

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ documents are serialized based on their field order.
 
 Dynamic document schemas
 ========================
-One of the benefits of MongoDb is dynamic schemas for a collection, whilst data
+One of the benefits of MongoDB is dynamic schemas for a collection, whilst data
 should be planned and organised (after all explicit is better than implicit!)
 there are scenarios where having dynamic / expando style documents is desirable.
 
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ are as follows:
 * :class:`~mongoengine.fields.DynamicField`
 * :class:`~mongoengine.fields.EmailField`
 * :class:`~mongoengine.fields.EmbeddedDocumentField`
+* :class:`~mongoengine.fields.EmbeddedDocumentListField`
 * :class:`~mongoengine.fields.FileField`
 * :class:`~mongoengine.fields.FloatField`
 * :class:`~mongoengine.fields.GenericEmbeddedDocumentField`
@@ -213,9 +214,9 @@ document class as the first argument::
 
 Dictionary Fields
 -----------------
-Often, an embedded document may be used instead of a dictionary -- generally
+Often, an embedded document may be used instead of a dictionary – generally 
-this is recommended as dictionaries don't support validation or custom field
+embedded documents are recommended as dictionaries don’t support validation 
-types. However, sometimes you will not know the structure of what you want to
+or custom field types. However, sometimes you will not know the structure of what you want to
 store; in this situation a :class:`~mongoengine.fields.DictField` is appropriate::
 
     class SurveyResponse(Document):

docs/guide/index.rst

@@ -13,3 +13,4 @@ User Guide
    gridfs
    signals
    text-indexes
+   mongomock

docs/guide/mongomock.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+==============================
+Use mongomock for testing
+==============================
+
+`mongomock <https://github.com/vmalloc/mongomock/>`_ is a package to do just 
+what the name implies, mocking a mongo database.
+
+To use with mongoengine, simply specify mongomock when connecting with 
+mongoengine:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    connect('mongoenginetest', host='mongomock://localhost')
+    conn = get_connection()
+
+or with an alias:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    connect('mongoenginetest', host='mongomock://localhost', alias='testdb')
+    conn = get_connection('testdb')

docs/guide/querying.rst

@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ is preferred for achieving this::
     # All except for the first 5 people
     users = User.objects[5:]
 
-    # 5 users, starting from the 10th user found
+    # 5 users, starting from the 11th user found
     users = User.objects[10:15]
 
 You may also index the query to retrieve a single result. If an item at that

mongoengine/__init__.py

@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
-import document
-from document import *
-import fields
-from fields import *
 import connection
 from connection import *
+import document
+from document import *
+import errors
+from errors import *
+import fields
+from fields import *
 import queryset
 from queryset import *
 import signals
 from signals import *
-from errors import *
-import errors
 
 __all__ = (list(document.__all__) + fields.__all__ + connection.__all__ +
            list(queryset.__all__) + signals.__all__ + list(errors.__all__))
 
-VERSION = (0, 10, 1)
+VERSION = (0, 10, 7)
 
 
 def get_version():
@@ -22,4 +22,5 @@ def get_version():
         return '.'.join(map(str, VERSION[:-1])) + VERSION[-1]
     return '.'.join(map(str, VERSION))
 
+
 __version__ = get_version()

mongoengine/base/datastructures.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import weakref
 import itertools
+import weakref
 
 from mongoengine.common import _import_class
 from mongoengine.errors import DoesNotExist, MultipleObjectsReturned
@@ -199,7 +199,9 @@ class BaseList(list):
     def _mark_as_changed(self, key=None):
         if hasattr(self._instance, '_mark_as_changed'):
             if key:
-                self._instance._mark_as_changed('%s.%s' % (self._name, key))
+                self._instance._mark_as_changed(
+                    '%s.%s' % (self._name, key % len(self))
+                )
             else:
                 self._instance._mark_as_changed(self._name)
 
@@ -210,7 +212,7 @@ class EmbeddedDocumentList(BaseList):
     def __match_all(cls, i, kwargs):
         items = kwargs.items()
         return all([
-            getattr(i, k) == v or str(getattr(i, k)) == v for k, v in items
+            getattr(i, k) == v or unicode(getattr(i, k)) == v for k, v in items
         ])
 
     @classmethod

mongoengine/base/document.py

@@ -1,28 +1,28 @@
 import copy
-import operator
 import numbers
+import operator
 from collections import Hashable
 from functools import partial
 
-import pymongo
+from bson import ObjectId, json_util
-from bson import json_util, ObjectId
 from bson.dbref import DBRef
 from bson.son import SON
+import pymongo
 
 from mongoengine import signals
-from mongoengine.common import _import_class
+from mongoengine.base.common import ALLOW_INHERITANCE, get_document
-from mongoengine.errors import (ValidationError, InvalidDocumentError,
-                                LookUpError, FieldDoesNotExist)
-from mongoengine.python_support import PY3, txt_type
-from mongoengine.base.common import get_document, ALLOW_INHERITANCE
 from mongoengine.base.datastructures import (
     BaseDict,
     BaseList,
     EmbeddedDocumentList,
-    StrictDict,
+    SemiStrictDict,
-    SemiStrictDict
+    StrictDict
 )
 from mongoengine.base.fields import ComplexBaseField
+from mongoengine.common import _import_class
+from mongoengine.errors import (FieldDoesNotExist, InvalidDocumentError,
+                                LookUpError, ValidationError)
+from mongoengine.python_support import PY3, txt_type
 
 __all__ = ('BaseDocument', 'NON_FIELD_ERRORS')
 
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
             # We only want named arguments.
             field = iter(self._fields_ordered)
             # If its an automatic id field then skip to the first defined field
-            if self._auto_id_field:
+            if getattr(self, '_auto_id_field', False):
                 next(field)
             for value in args:
                 name = next(field)
@@ -72,12 +72,13 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
         # Check if there are undefined fields supplied to the constructor,
         # if so raise an Exception.
         if not self._dynamic and (self._meta.get('strict', True) or _created):
-            for var in values.keys():
+            _undefined_fields = set(values.keys()) - set(
-                if var not in self._fields.keys() + ['id', 'pk', '_cls', '_text_score']:
+                self._fields.keys() + ['id', 'pk', '_cls', '_text_score'])
-                    msg = (
+            if _undefined_fields:
-                        "The field '{0}' does not exist on the document '{1}'"
+                msg = (
-                    ).format(var, self._class_name)
+                    "The fields '{0}' do not exist on the document '{1}'"
-                    raise FieldDoesNotExist(msg)
+                ).format(_undefined_fields, self._class_name)
+                raise FieldDoesNotExist(msg)
 
         if self.STRICT and not self._dynamic:
             self._data = StrictDict.create(allowed_keys=self._fields_ordered)()
@@ -309,7 +310,7 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
         data = SON()
         data["_id"] = None
         data['_cls'] = self._class_name
-        EmbeddedDocumentField = _import_class("EmbeddedDocumentField")
+
         # only root fields ['test1.a', 'test2'] => ['test1', 'test2']
         root_fields = set([f.split('.')[0] for f in fields])
 
@@ -324,21 +325,20 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
                 field = self._dynamic_fields.get(field_name)
 
             if value is not None:
+                f_inputs = field.to_mongo.__code__.co_varnames
+                ex_vars = {}
+                if fields and 'fields' in f_inputs:
+                    key = '%s.' % field_name
+                    embedded_fields = [
+                        i.replace(key, '') for i in fields
+                        if i.startswith(key)]
 
-                if isinstance(field, EmbeddedDocumentField):
+                    ex_vars['fields'] = embedded_fields
-                    if fields:
-                        key = '%s.' % field_name
-                        embedded_fields = [
-                            i.replace(key, '') for i in fields
-                            if i.startswith(key)]
 
-                    else:
+                if 'use_db_field' in f_inputs:
-                        embedded_fields = []
+                    ex_vars['use_db_field'] = use_db_field
 
-                    value = field.to_mongo(value, use_db_field=use_db_field,
+                value = field.to_mongo(value, **ex_vars)
-                                           fields=embedded_fields)
-                else:
-                    value = field.to_mongo(value)
 
             # Handle self generating fields
             if value is None and field._auto_gen:
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
                 # remove lower level changed fields
                 level = '.'.join(levels[:idx]) + '.'
                 remove = self._changed_fields.remove
-                for field in self._changed_fields:
+                for field in self._changed_fields[:]:
                     if field.startswith(level):
                         remove(field)
 
@@ -566,8 +566,10 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
                     continue
             if isinstance(field, ReferenceField):
                 continue
-            elif (isinstance(data, (EmbeddedDocument, DynamicEmbeddedDocument))
+            elif (
-                  and db_field_name not in changed_fields):
+                isinstance(data, (EmbeddedDocument, DynamicEmbeddedDocument)) and
+                db_field_name not in changed_fields
+            ):
                 # Find all embedded fields that have been changed
                 changed = data._get_changed_fields(inspected)
                 changed_fields += ["%s%s" % (key, k) for k in changed if k]
@@ -606,7 +608,9 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
                 for p in parts:
                     if isinstance(d, (ObjectId, DBRef)):
                         break
-                    elif isinstance(d, list) and p.isdigit():
+                    elif isinstance(d, list) and p.lstrip('-').isdigit():
+                        if p[0] == '-':
+                            p = str(len(d) + int(p))
                         try:
                             d = d[int(p)]
                         except IndexError:
@@ -640,7 +644,9 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
                 parts = path.split('.')
                 db_field_name = parts.pop()
                 for p in parts:
-                    if isinstance(d, list) and p.isdigit():
+                    if isinstance(d, list) and p.lstrip('-').isdigit():
+                        if p[0] == '-':
+                            p = str(len(d) + int(p))
                         d = d[int(p)]
                     elif (hasattr(d, '__getattribute__') and
                           not isinstance(d, dict)):
@@ -708,14 +714,6 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
                         del data[field.db_field]
                 except (AttributeError, ValueError), e:
                     errors_dict[field_name] = e
-            elif field.default:
-                default = field.default
-                if callable(default):
-                    default = default()
-                if isinstance(default, BaseDocument):
-                    changed_fields.append(field_name)
-                elif not only_fields or field_name in only_fields:
-                    changed_fields.append(field_name)
 
         if errors_dict:
             errors = "\n".join(["%s - %s" % (k, v)
@@ -779,8 +777,12 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
         # Check to see if we need to include _cls
         allow_inheritance = cls._meta.get('allow_inheritance',
                                           ALLOW_INHERITANCE)
-        include_cls = (allow_inheritance and not spec.get('sparse', False) and
+        include_cls = (
-                       spec.get('cls',  True) and '_cls' not in spec['fields'])
+            allow_inheritance and
+            not spec.get('sparse', False) and
+            spec.get('cls', True) and
+            '_cls' not in spec['fields']
+        )
 
         # 733: don't include cls if index_cls is False unless there is an explicit cls with the index
         include_cls = include_cls and (spec.get('cls', False) or cls._meta.get('index_cls', True))
@@ -839,10 +841,6 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
 
         if index_list:
             spec['fields'] = index_list
-        if spec.get('sparse', False) and len(spec['fields']) > 1:
-            raise ValueError(
-                'Sparse indexes can only have one field in them. '
-                'See https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/SERVER-2193')
 
         return spec
 
@@ -978,7 +976,7 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
                 if hasattr(getattr(field, 'field', None), 'lookup_member'):
                     new_field = field.field.lookup_member(field_name)
                 elif cls._dynamic and (isinstance(field, DynamicField) or
-                                       getattr(getattr(field, 'document_type'), '_dynamic')):
+                                       getattr(getattr(field, 'document_type', None), '_dynamic', None)):
                     new_field = DynamicField(db_field=field_name)
                 else:
                     # Look up subfield on the previous field or raise

mongoengine/base/fields.py

@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ import weakref
 from bson import DBRef, ObjectId, SON
 import pymongo
 
-from mongoengine.common import _import_class
-from mongoengine.errors import ValidationError
 from mongoengine.base.common import ALLOW_INHERITANCE
 from mongoengine.base.datastructures import (
     BaseDict, BaseList, EmbeddedDocumentList
 )
+from mongoengine.common import _import_class
+from mongoengine.errors import ValidationError
 
 __all__ = ("BaseField", "ComplexBaseField",
            "ObjectIdField", "GeoJsonBaseField")
@@ -85,13 +85,13 @@ class BaseField(object):
         self.null = null
         self.sparse = sparse
         self._owner_document = None
-        
+
         # Detect and report conflicts between metadata and base properties.
         conflicts = set(dir(self)) & set(kwargs)
         if conflicts:
             raise TypeError("%s already has attribute(s): %s" % (
-                self.__class__.__name__, ', '.join(conflicts) ))
+                self.__class__.__name__, ', '.join(conflicts)))
-        
+
         # Assign metadata to the instance
         # This efficient method is available because no __slots__ are defined.
         self.__dict__.update(kwargs)
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class BaseField(object):
                 if (self.name not in instance._data or
                         instance._data[self.name] != value):
                     instance._mark_as_changed(self.name)
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 # Values cant be compared eg: naive and tz datetimes
                 # So mark it as changed
                 instance._mark_as_changed(self.name)
@@ -163,6 +163,19 @@ class BaseField(object):
         """
         return self.to_python(value)
 
+    def _to_mongo_safe_call(self, value, use_db_field=True, fields=None):
+        """A helper method to call to_mongo with proper inputs
+        """
+        f_inputs = self.to_mongo.__code__.co_varnames
+        ex_vars = {}
+        if 'fields' in f_inputs:
+            ex_vars['fields'] = fields
+
+        if 'use_db_field' in f_inputs:
+            ex_vars['use_db_field'] = use_db_field
+
+        return self.to_mongo(value, **ex_vars)
+
     def prepare_query_value(self, op, value):
         """Prepare a value that is being used in a query for PyMongo.
         """
@@ -193,7 +206,6 @@ class BaseField(object):
         elif value not in choice_list:
             self.error('Value must be one of %s' % unicode(choice_list))
 
-
     def _validate(self, value, **kwargs):
         # Check the Choices Constraint
         if self.choices:
@@ -285,8 +297,6 @@ class ComplexBaseField(BaseField):
     def to_python(self, value):
         """Convert a MongoDB-compatible type to a Python type.
         """
-        Document = _import_class('Document')
-
         if isinstance(value, basestring):
             return value
 
@@ -306,6 +316,7 @@ class ComplexBaseField(BaseField):
             value_dict = dict([(key, self.field.to_python(item))
                                for key, item in value.items()])
         else:
+            Document = _import_class('Document')
             value_dict = {}
             for k, v in value.items():
                 if isinstance(v, Document):
@@ -325,7 +336,7 @@ class ComplexBaseField(BaseField):
                                          key=operator.itemgetter(0))]
         return value_dict
 
-    def to_mongo(self, value):
+    def to_mongo(self, value, use_db_field=True, fields=None):
         """Convert a Python type to a MongoDB-compatible type.
         """
         Document = _import_class("Document")
@@ -339,7 +350,7 @@ class ComplexBaseField(BaseField):
             if isinstance(value, Document):
                 return GenericReferenceField().to_mongo(value)
             cls = value.__class__
-            val = value.to_mongo()
+            val = value.to_mongo(use_db_field, fields)
             # If it's a document that is not inherited add _cls
             if isinstance(value, EmbeddedDocument):
                 val['_cls'] = cls.__name__
@@ -354,7 +365,7 @@ class ComplexBaseField(BaseField):
                 return value
 
         if self.field:
-            value_dict = dict([(key, self.field.to_mongo(item))
+            value_dict = dict([(key, self.field._to_mongo_safe_call(item, use_db_field, fields))
                                for key, item in value.iteritems()])
         else:
             value_dict = {}
@@ -379,13 +390,13 @@ class ComplexBaseField(BaseField):
                         value_dict[k] = DBRef(collection, v.pk)
                 elif hasattr(v, 'to_mongo'):
                     cls = v.__class__
-                    val = v.to_mongo()
+                    val = v.to_mongo(use_db_field, fields)
                     # If it's a document that is not inherited add _cls
                     if isinstance(v, (Document, EmbeddedDocument)):
                         val['_cls'] = cls.__name__
                     value_dict[k] = val
                 else:
-                    value_dict[k] = self.to_mongo(v)
+                    value_dict[k] = self.to_mongo(v, use_db_field, fields)
 
         if is_list:  # Convert back to a list
             return [v for _, v in sorted(value_dict.items(),
@@ -439,7 +450,7 @@ class ObjectIdField(BaseField):
         try:
             if not isinstance(value, ObjectId):
                 value = ObjectId(value)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             pass
         return value
 
@@ -458,7 +469,7 @@ class ObjectIdField(BaseField):
     def validate(self, value):
         try:
             ObjectId(unicode(value))
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             self.error('Invalid Object ID')
 
 
@@ -510,7 +521,7 @@ class GeoJsonBaseField(BaseField):
         # Quick and dirty validator
         try:
             value[0][0][0]
-        except:
+        except (TypeError, IndexError):
             return "Invalid Polygon must contain at least one valid linestring"
 
         errors = []
@@ -534,7 +545,7 @@ class GeoJsonBaseField(BaseField):
         # Quick and dirty validator
         try:
             value[0][0]
-        except:
+        except (TypeError, IndexError):
             return "Invalid LineString must contain at least one valid point"
 
         errors = []
@@ -565,7 +576,7 @@ class GeoJsonBaseField(BaseField):
         # Quick and dirty validator
         try:
             value[0][0]
-        except:
+        except (TypeError, IndexError):
             return "Invalid MultiPoint must contain at least one valid point"
 
         errors = []
@@ -584,7 +595,7 @@ class GeoJsonBaseField(BaseField):
         # Quick and dirty validator
         try:
             value[0][0][0]
-        except:
+        except (TypeError, IndexError):
             return "Invalid MultiLineString must contain at least one valid linestring"
 
         errors = []
@@ -606,7 +617,7 @@ class GeoJsonBaseField(BaseField):
         # Quick and dirty validator
         try:
             value[0][0][0][0]
-        except:
+        except (TypeError, IndexError):
             return "Invalid MultiPolygon must contain at least one valid Polygon"
 
         errors = []

mongoengine/base/metaclasses.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import warnings
 
+from mongoengine.base.common import ALLOW_INHERITANCE, _document_registry
+from mongoengine.base.fields import BaseField, ComplexBaseField, ObjectIdField
 from mongoengine.common import _import_class
 from mongoengine.errors import InvalidDocumentError
 from mongoengine.python_support import PY3
@@ -7,16 +9,14 @@ from mongoengine.queryset import (DO_NOTHING, DoesNotExist,
                                   MultipleObjectsReturned,
                                   QuerySetManager)
 
-from mongoengine.base.common import _document_registry, ALLOW_INHERITANCE
-from mongoengine.base.fields import BaseField, ComplexBaseField, ObjectIdField
 
 __all__ = ('DocumentMetaclass', 'TopLevelDocumentMetaclass')
 
 
 class DocumentMetaclass(type):
-    """Metaclass for all documents.
+    """Metaclass for all documents."""
-    """
 
+    # TODO lower complexity of this method
     def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
         flattened_bases = cls._get_bases(bases)
         super_new = super(DocumentMetaclass, cls).__new__
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ class DocumentMetaclass(type):
         # copies __func__ into im_func and __self__ into im_self for
         # classmethod objects in Document derived classes.
         if PY3:
-            for key, val in new_class.__dict__.items():
+            for val in new_class.__dict__.values():
                 if isinstance(val, classmethod):
                     f = val.__get__(new_class)
                     if hasattr(f, '__func__') and not hasattr(f, 'im_func'):

mongoengine/connection.py

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 from pymongo import MongoClient, ReadPreference, uri_parser
-from mongoengine.python_support import IS_PYMONGO_3
+from mongoengine.python_support import (IS_PYMONGO_3, str_types)
 
 __all__ = ['ConnectionError', 'connect', 'register_connection',
            'DEFAULT_CONNECTION_NAME']
 
 
 DEFAULT_CONNECTION_NAME = 'default'
+
 if IS_PYMONGO_3:
     READ_PREFERENCE = ReadPreference.PRIMARY
 else:
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ _dbs = {}
 def register_connection(alias, name=None, host=None, port=None,
                         read_preference=READ_PREFERENCE,
                         username=None, password=None, authentication_source=None,
+                        authentication_mechanism=None,
                         **kwargs):
     """Add a connection.
 
@@ -38,8 +40,14 @@ def register_connection(alias, name=None, host=None, port=None,
     :param username: username to authenticate with
     :param password: password to authenticate with
     :param authentication_source: database to authenticate against
+    :param authentication_mechanism: database authentication mechanisms.
+        By default, use SCRAM-SHA-1 with MongoDB 3.0 and later,
+        MONGODB-CR (MongoDB Challenge Response protocol) for older servers.
+    :param is_mock: explicitly use mongomock for this connection
+        (can also be done by using `mongomock://` as db host prefix)
     :param kwargs: allow ad-hoc parameters to be passed into the pymongo driver
 
+    .. versionchanged:: 0.10.6 - added mongomock support
     """
     global _connection_settings
 
@@ -50,23 +58,42 @@ def register_connection(alias, name=None, host=None, port=None,
         'read_preference': read_preference,
         'username': username,
         'password': password,
-        'authentication_source': authentication_source
+        'authentication_source': authentication_source,
+        'authentication_mechanism': authentication_mechanism
     }
 
     # Handle uri style connections
-    if "://" in conn_settings['host']:
+    conn_host = conn_settings['host']
-        uri_dict = uri_parser.parse_uri(conn_settings['host'])
+    # host can be a list or a string, so if string, force to a list
-        conn_settings.update({
+    if isinstance(conn_host, str_types):
-            'name': uri_dict.get('database') or name,
+        conn_host = [conn_host]
-            'username': uri_dict.get('username'),
+
-            'password': uri_dict.get('password'),
+    resolved_hosts = []
-            'read_preference': read_preference,
+    for entity in conn_host:
-        })
+        # Handle uri style connections
-        uri_options = uri_dict['options']
+        if entity.startswith('mongomock://'):
-        if 'replicaset' in uri_options:
+            conn_settings['is_mock'] = True
-            conn_settings['replicaSet'] = True
+            # `mongomock://` is not a valid url prefix and must be replaced by `mongodb://`
-        if 'authsource' in uri_options:
+            resolved_hosts.append(entity.replace('mongomock://', 'mongodb://', 1))
-            conn_settings['authentication_source'] = uri_options['authsource']
+        elif '://' in entity:
+            uri_dict = uri_parser.parse_uri(entity)
+            resolved_hosts.append(entity)
+            conn_settings.update({
+                'name': uri_dict.get('database') or name,
+                'username': uri_dict.get('username'),
+                'password': uri_dict.get('password'),
+                'read_preference': read_preference,
+            })
+            uri_options = uri_dict['options']
+            if 'replicaset' in uri_options:
+                conn_settings['replicaSet'] = True
+            if 'authsource' in uri_options:
+                conn_settings['authentication_source'] = uri_options['authsource']
+            if 'authmechanism' in uri_options:
+                conn_settings['authentication_mechanism'] = uri_options['authmechanism']
+        else:
+            resolved_hosts.append(entity)
+    conn_settings['host'] = resolved_hosts
 
     # Deprecated parameters that should not be passed on
     kwargs.pop('slaves', None)
@@ -105,8 +132,21 @@ def get_connection(alias=DEFAULT_CONNECTION_NAME, reconnect=False):
         conn_settings.pop('username', None)
         conn_settings.pop('password', None)
         conn_settings.pop('authentication_source', None)
+        conn_settings.pop('authentication_mechanism', None)
+
+        is_mock = conn_settings.pop('is_mock', None)
+        if is_mock:
+            # Use MongoClient from mongomock
+            try:
+                import mongomock
+            except ImportError:
+                raise RuntimeError('You need mongomock installed '
+                                   'to mock MongoEngine.')
+            connection_class = mongomock.MongoClient
+        else:
+            # Use MongoClient from pymongo
+            connection_class = MongoClient
 
-        connection_class = MongoClient
         if 'replicaSet' in conn_settings:
             # Discard port since it can't be used on MongoReplicaSetClient
             conn_settings.pop('port', None)
@@ -126,6 +166,8 @@ def get_connection(alias=DEFAULT_CONNECTION_NAME, reconnect=False):
                 connection_settings.pop('name', None)
                 connection_settings.pop('username', None)
                 connection_settings.pop('password', None)
+                connection_settings.pop('authentication_source', None)
+                connection_settings.pop('authentication_mechanism', None)
                 if conn_settings == connection_settings and _connections.get(db_alias, None):
                     connection = _connections[db_alias]
                     break
@@ -145,11 +187,13 @@ def get_db(alias=DEFAULT_CONNECTION_NAME, reconnect=False):
         conn = get_connection(alias)
         conn_settings = _connection_settings[alias]
         db = conn[conn_settings['name']]
+        auth_kwargs = {'source': conn_settings['authentication_source']}
+        if conn_settings['authentication_mechanism'] is not None:
+            auth_kwargs['mechanism'] = conn_settings['authentication_mechanism']
         # Authenticate if necessary
-        if conn_settings['username'] and conn_settings['password']:
+        if conn_settings['username'] and (conn_settings['password'] or
-            db.authenticate(conn_settings['username'],
+                                          conn_settings['authentication_mechanism'] == 'MONGODB-X509'):
-                            conn_settings['password'],
+            db.authenticate(conn_settings['username'], conn_settings['password'], **auth_kwargs)
-                            source=conn_settings['authentication_source'])
         _dbs[alias] = db
     return _dbs[alias]
 

mongoengine/dereference.py

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 from bson import DBRef, SON
 
-from base import (
+from .base import (
     BaseDict, BaseList, EmbeddedDocumentList,
     TopLevelDocumentMetaclass, get_document
 )
-from fields import (ReferenceField, ListField, DictField, MapField)
+from .connection import get_db
-from connection import get_db
+from .document import Document, EmbeddedDocument
-from queryset import QuerySet
+from .fields import DictField, ListField, MapField, ReferenceField
-from document import Document, EmbeddedDocument
+from .python_support import txt_type
+from .queryset import QuerySet
 
 
 class DeReference(object):
@@ -226,7 +227,7 @@ class DeReference(object):
                         data[k]._data[field_name] = self.object_map.get(
                             (v['_ref'].collection, v['_ref'].id), v)
                     elif isinstance(v, (dict, list, tuple)) and depth <= self.max_depth:
-                        item_name = "{0}.{1}.{2}".format(name, k, field_name)
+                        item_name = txt_type("{0}.{1}.{2}").format(name, k, field_name)
                         data[k]._data[field_name] = self._attach_objects(v, depth, instance=instance, name=item_name)
             elif isinstance(v, (dict, list, tuple)) and depth <= self.max_depth:
                 item_name = '%s.%s' % (name, k) if name else name

mongoengine/document.py

@@ -1,28 +1,29 @@
-import warnings
-import pymongo
 import re
+import warnings
 
-from pymongo.read_preferences import ReadPreference
 from bson.dbref import DBRef
+import pymongo
+from pymongo.read_preferences import ReadPreference
+
 from mongoengine import signals
-from mongoengine.common import _import_class
 from mongoengine.base import (
-    DocumentMetaclass,
-    TopLevelDocumentMetaclass,
-    BaseDocument,
-    BaseDict,
-    BaseList,
-    EmbeddedDocumentList,
     ALLOW_INHERITANCE,
+    BaseDict,
+    BaseDocument,
+    BaseList,
+    DocumentMetaclass,
+    EmbeddedDocumentList,
+    TopLevelDocumentMetaclass,
     get_document
 )
-from mongoengine.errors import (InvalidQueryError, InvalidDocumentError,
+from mongoengine.common import _import_class
+from mongoengine.connection import DEFAULT_CONNECTION_NAME, get_db
+from mongoengine.context_managers import switch_collection, switch_db
+from mongoengine.errors import (InvalidDocumentError, InvalidQueryError,
                                 SaveConditionError)
 from mongoengine.python_support import IS_PYMONGO_3
-from mongoengine.queryset import (OperationError, NotUniqueError,
+from mongoengine.queryset import (NotUniqueError, OperationError,
                                   QuerySet, transform)
-from mongoengine.connection import get_db, DEFAULT_CONNECTION_NAME
-from mongoengine.context_managers import switch_db, switch_collection
 
 __all__ = ('Document', 'EmbeddedDocument', 'DynamicDocument',
            'DynamicEmbeddedDocument', 'OperationError',
@@ -217,7 +218,7 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
         Returns True if the document has been updated or False if the document
         in the database doesn't match the query.
 
-        .. note:: All unsaved changes that has been made to the document are
+        .. note:: All unsaved changes that have been made to the document are
             rejected if the method returns True.
 
         :param query: the update will be performed only if the document in the
@@ -250,7 +251,7 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
 
     def save(self, force_insert=False, validate=True, clean=True,
              write_concern=None, cascade=None, cascade_kwargs=None,
-             _refs=None, save_condition=None, **kwargs):
+             _refs=None, save_condition=None, signal_kwargs=None, **kwargs):
         """Save the :class:`~mongoengine.Document` to the database. If the
         document already exists, it will be updated, otherwise it will be
         created.
@@ -276,6 +277,8 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
         :param save_condition: only perform save if matching record in db
             satisfies condition(s) (e.g. version number).
             Raises :class:`OperationError` if the conditions are not satisfied
+        :parm signal_kwargs: (optional) kwargs dictionary to be passed to
+            the signal calls.
 
         .. versionchanged:: 0.5
             In existing documents it only saves changed fields using
@@ -297,8 +300,11 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
             :class:`OperationError` exception raised if save_condition fails.
         .. versionchanged:: 0.10.1
             :class: save_condition failure now raises a `SaveConditionError`
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.10.7
+            Add signal_kwargs argument
         """
-        signals.pre_save.send(self.__class__, document=self)
+        signal_kwargs = signal_kwargs or {}
+        signals.pre_save.send(self.__class__, document=self, **signal_kwargs)
 
         if validate:
             self.validate(clean=clean)
@@ -311,7 +317,7 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
         created = ('_id' not in doc or self._created or force_insert)
 
         signals.pre_save_post_validation.send(self.__class__, document=self,
-                                              created=created)
+                                              created=created, **signal_kwargs)
 
         try:
             collection = self._get_collection()
@@ -327,8 +333,10 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
                     # Correct behaviour in 2.X and in 3.0.1+ versions
                     if not object_id and pymongo.version_tuple == (3, 0):
                         pk_as_mongo_obj = self._fields.get(self._meta['id_field']).to_mongo(self.pk)
-                        object_id = self._qs.filter(pk=pk_as_mongo_obj).first() and \
+                        object_id = (
-                                    self._qs.filter(pk=pk_as_mongo_obj).first().pk
+                            self._qs.filter(pk=pk_as_mongo_obj).first() and
+                            self._qs.filter(pk=pk_as_mongo_obj).first().pk
+                        )  # TODO doesn't this make 2 queries?
             else:
                 object_id = doc['_id']
                 updates, removals = self._delta()
@@ -400,14 +408,15 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
         if created or id_field not in self._meta.get('shard_key', []):
             self[id_field] = self._fields[id_field].to_python(object_id)
 
-        signals.post_save.send(self.__class__, document=self, created=created)
+        signals.post_save.send(self.__class__, document=self,
+                               created=created, **signal_kwargs)
         self._clear_changed_fields()
         self._created = False
         return self
 
     def cascade_save(self, *args, **kwargs):
         """Recursively saves any references /
-           generic references on an objects"""
+           generic references on the document"""
         _refs = kwargs.get('_refs', []) or []
 
         ReferenceField = _import_class('ReferenceField')
@@ -463,7 +472,7 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
         Raises :class:`OperationError` if called on an object that has not yet
         been saved.
         """
-        if not self.pk:
+        if self.pk is None:
             if kwargs.get('upsert', False):
                 query = self.to_mongo()
                 if "_cls" in query:
@@ -476,23 +485,29 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
         # Need to add shard key to query, or you get an error
         return self._qs.filter(**self._object_key).update_one(**kwargs)
 
-    def delete(self, **write_concern):
+    def delete(self, signal_kwargs=None, **write_concern):
         """Delete the :class:`~mongoengine.Document` from the database. This
         will only take effect if the document has been previously saved.
 
+        :parm signal_kwargs: (optional) kwargs dictionary to be passed to
+            the signal calls.
         :param write_concern: Extra keyword arguments are passed down which
             will be used as options for the resultant
             ``getLastError`` command.  For example,
             ``save(..., write_concern={w: 2, fsync: True}, ...)`` will
             wait until at least two servers have recorded the write and
             will force an fsync on the primary server.
-        """
-        signals.pre_delete.send(self.__class__, document=self)
 
-        # Delete FileFields separately 
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.10.7
+            Add signal_kwargs argument
+        """
+        signal_kwargs = signal_kwargs or {}
+        signals.pre_delete.send(self.__class__, document=self, **signal_kwargs)
+
+        # Delete FileFields separately
         FileField = _import_class('FileField')
         for name, field in self._fields.iteritems():
-            if isinstance(field, FileField): 
+            if isinstance(field, FileField):
                 getattr(self, name).delete()
 
         try:
@@ -501,7 +516,7 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
         except pymongo.errors.OperationFailure, err:
             message = u'Could not delete document (%s)' % err.message
             raise OperationError(message)
-        signals.post_delete.send(self.__class__, document=self)
+        signals.post_delete.send(self.__class__, document=self, **signal_kwargs)
 
     def switch_db(self, db_alias, keep_created=True):
         """
@@ -589,7 +604,7 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
         elif "max_depth" in kwargs:
             max_depth = kwargs["max_depth"]
 
-        if not self.pk:
+        if self.pk is None:
             raise self.DoesNotExist("Document does not exist")
         obj = self._qs.read_preference(ReadPreference.PRIMARY).filter(
             **self._object_key).only(*fields).limit(
@@ -604,11 +619,16 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
             if not fields or field in fields:
                 try:
                     setattr(self, field, self._reload(field, obj[field]))
-                except KeyError:
+                except (KeyError, AttributeError):
-                    # If field is removed from the database while the object
+                    try:
-                    # is in memory, a reload would cause a KeyError
+                        # If field is a special field, e.g. items is stored as _reserved_items,
-                    # i.e. obj.update(unset__field=1) followed by obj.reload()
+                        # an KeyError is thrown. So try to retrieve the field from _data
-                    delattr(self, field)
+                        setattr(self, field, self._reload(field, obj._data.get(field)))
+                    except KeyError:
+                        # If field is removed from the database while the object
+                        # is in memory, a reload would cause a KeyError
+                        # i.e. obj.update(unset__field=1) followed by obj.reload()
+                        delattr(self, field)
 
         self._changed_fields = obj._changed_fields
         self._created = False
@@ -635,7 +655,7 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
     def to_dbref(self):
         """Returns an instance of :class:`~bson.dbref.DBRef` useful in
         `__raw__` queries."""
-        if not self.pk:
+        if self.pk is None:
             msg = "Only saved documents can have a valid dbref"
             raise OperationError(msg)
         return DBRef(self.__class__._get_collection_name(), self.pk)
@@ -662,10 +682,20 @@ class Document(BaseDocument):
     def drop_collection(cls):
         """Drops the entire collection associated with this
         :class:`~mongoengine.Document` type from the database.
+
+        Raises :class:`OperationError` if the document has no collection set
+        (i.g. if it is `abstract`)
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.10.7
+            :class:`OperationError` exception raised if no collection available
         """
+        col_name = cls._get_collection_name()
+        if not col_name:
+            raise OperationError('Document %s has no collection defined '
+                                 '(is it abstract ?)' % cls)
         cls._collection = None
         db = cls._get_db()
-        db.drop_collection(cls._get_collection_name())
+        db.drop_collection(col_name)
 
     @classmethod
     def create_index(cls, keys, background=False, **kwargs):
@@ -954,7 +984,7 @@ class MapReduceDocument(object):
         if not isinstance(self.key, id_field_type):
             try:
                 self.key = id_field_type(self.key)
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 raise Exception("Could not cast key as %s" %
                                 id_field_type.__name__)
 

mongoengine/errors.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from mongoengine.python_support import txt_type
 __all__ = ('NotRegistered', 'InvalidDocumentError', 'LookUpError',
            'DoesNotExist', 'MultipleObjectsReturned', 'InvalidQueryError',
            'OperationError', 'NotUniqueError', 'FieldDoesNotExist',
-           'ValidationError')
+           'ValidationError', 'SaveConditionError')
 
 
 class NotRegistered(Exception):

mongoengine/fields.py

@@ -8,6 +8,11 @@ import uuid
 import warnings
 from operator import itemgetter
 
+from bson import Binary, DBRef, ObjectId, SON
+import gridfs
+import pymongo
+import six
+
 try:
     import dateutil
 except ImportError:
@@ -15,18 +20,18 @@ except ImportError:
 else:
     import dateutil.parser
 
-import pymongo
+try:
-import gridfs
+    from bson.int64 import Int64
-from bson import Binary, DBRef, SON, ObjectId
+except ImportError:
+    Int64 = long
 
-from mongoengine.errors import ValidationError
+from .base import (BaseDocument, BaseField, ComplexBaseField, GeoJsonBaseField,
-from mongoengine.python_support import (PY3, bin_type, txt_type,
+                   ObjectIdField, get_document)
-                                        str_types, StringIO)
+from .connection import DEFAULT_CONNECTION_NAME, get_db
-from base import (BaseField, ComplexBaseField, ObjectIdField, GeoJsonBaseField,
+from .document import Document, EmbeddedDocument
-                  get_document, BaseDocument)
+from .errors import DoesNotExist, ValidationError
-from queryset import DO_NOTHING, QuerySet
+from .python_support import PY3, StringIO, bin_type, str_types, txt_type
-from document import Document, EmbeddedDocument
+from .queryset import DO_NOTHING, QuerySet
-from connection import get_db, DEFAULT_CONNECTION_NAME
 
 try:
     from PIL import Image, ImageOps
@@ -65,7 +70,7 @@ class StringField(BaseField):
             return value
         try:
             value = value.decode('utf-8')
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             pass
         return value
 
@@ -156,7 +161,7 @@ class URLField(StringField):
 
 
 class EmailField(StringField):
-    """A field that validates input as an E-Mail-Address.
+    """A field that validates input as an email address.
 
     .. versionadded:: 0.4
     """
@@ -172,7 +177,7 @@ class EmailField(StringField):
 
     def validate(self, value):
         if not EmailField.EMAIL_REGEX.match(value):
-            self.error('Invalid Mail-address: %s' % value)
+            self.error('Invalid email address: %s' % value)
         super(EmailField, self).validate(value)
 
 
@@ -194,7 +199,7 @@ class IntField(BaseField):
     def validate(self, value):
         try:
             value = int(value)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             self.error('%s could not be converted to int' % value)
 
         if self.min_value is not None and value < self.min_value:
@@ -225,10 +230,13 @@ class LongField(BaseField):
             pass
         return value
 
+    def to_mongo(self, value):
+        return Int64(value)
+
     def validate(self, value):
         try:
             value = long(value)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             self.error('%s could not be converted to long' % value)
 
         if self.min_value is not None and value < self.min_value:
@@ -260,10 +268,14 @@ class FloatField(BaseField):
         return value
 
     def validate(self, value):
-        if isinstance(value, int):
+        if isinstance(value, six.integer_types):
-            value = float(value)
+            try:
+                value = float(value)
+            except OverflowError:
+                self.error('The value is too large to be converted to float')
+
         if not isinstance(value, float):
-            self.error('FloatField only accepts float values')
+            self.error('FloatField only accepts float and integer values')
 
         if self.min_value is not None and value < self.min_value:
             self.error('Float value is too small')
@@ -325,7 +337,7 @@ class DecimalField(BaseField):
             return value
         return value.quantize(decimal.Decimal(".%s" % ("0" * self.precision)), rounding=self.rounding)
 
-    def to_mongo(self, value, use_db_field=True):
+    def to_mongo(self, value):
         if value is None:
             return value
         if self.force_string:
@@ -508,7 +520,7 @@ class ComplexDateTimeField(StringField):
         original_value = value
         try:
             return self._convert_from_string(value)
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             return original_value
 
     def to_mongo(self, value):
@@ -546,11 +558,10 @@ class EmbeddedDocumentField(BaseField):
             return self.document_type._from_son(value, _auto_dereference=self._auto_dereference)
         return value
 
-    def to_mongo(self, value, use_db_field=True, fields=[]):
+    def to_mongo(self, value, use_db_field=True, fields=None):
         if not isinstance(value, self.document_type):
             return value
-        return self.document_type.to_mongo(value, use_db_field,
+        return self.document_type.to_mongo(value, use_db_field, fields)
-                                           fields=fields)
 
     def validate(self, value, clean=True):
         """Make sure that the document instance is an instance of the
@@ -600,11 +611,11 @@ class GenericEmbeddedDocumentField(BaseField):
 
         value.validate(clean=clean)
 
-    def to_mongo(self, document, use_db_field=True):
+    def to_mongo(self, document, use_db_field=True, fields=None):
         if document is None:
             return None
 
-        data = document.to_mongo(use_db_field)
+        data = document.to_mongo(use_db_field, fields)
         if '_cls' not in data:
             data['_cls'] = document._class_name
         return data
@@ -616,7 +627,7 @@ class DynamicField(BaseField):
 
     Used by :class:`~mongoengine.DynamicDocument` to handle dynamic data"""
 
-    def to_mongo(self, value):
+    def to_mongo(self, value, use_db_field=True, fields=None):
         """Convert a Python type to a MongoDB compatible type.
         """
 
@@ -625,7 +636,7 @@ class DynamicField(BaseField):
 
         if hasattr(value, 'to_mongo'):
             cls = value.__class__
-            val = value.to_mongo()
+            val = value.to_mongo(use_db_field, fields)
             # If we its a document thats not inherited add _cls
             if isinstance(value, Document):
                 val = {"_ref": value.to_dbref(), "_cls": cls.__name__}
@@ -643,7 +654,7 @@ class DynamicField(BaseField):
 
         data = {}
         for k, v in value.iteritems():
-            data[k] = self.to_mongo(v)
+            data[k] = self.to_mongo(v, use_db_field, fields)
 
         value = data
         if is_list:  # Convert back to a list
@@ -697,7 +708,7 @@ class ListField(ComplexBaseField):
 
     def prepare_query_value(self, op, value):
         if self.field:
-            if op in ('set', 'unset') and (
+            if op in ('set', 'unset', None) and (
                     not isinstance(value, basestring) and
                     not isinstance(value, BaseDocument) and
                     hasattr(value, '__iter__')):
@@ -755,8 +766,8 @@ class SortedListField(ListField):
             self._order_reverse = kwargs.pop('reverse')
         super(SortedListField, self).__init__(field, **kwargs)
 
-    def to_mongo(self, value):
+    def to_mongo(self, value, use_db_field=True, fields=None):
-        value = super(SortedListField, self).to_mongo(value)
+        value = super(SortedListField, self).to_mongo(value, use_db_field, fields)
         if self._ordering is not None:
             return sorted(value, key=itemgetter(self._ordering),
                           reverse=self._order_reverse)
@@ -878,7 +889,7 @@ class ReferenceField(BaseField):
             content = StringField()
             foo = ReferenceField('Foo')
 
-        Bar.register_delete_rule(Foo, 'bar', NULLIFY)
+        Foo.register_delete_rule(Bar, 'foo', NULLIFY)
 
     .. note ::
         `reverse_delete_rule` does not trigger pre / post delete signals to be
@@ -895,6 +906,10 @@ class ReferenceField(BaseField):
           or as the :class:`~pymongo.objectid.ObjectId`.id .
         :param reverse_delete_rule: Determines what to do when the referring
           object is deleted
+
+        .. note ::
+            A reference to an abstract document type is always stored as a
+            :class:`~pymongo.dbref.DBRef`, regardless of the value of `dbref`.
         """
         if not isinstance(document_type, basestring):
             if not issubclass(document_type, (Document, basestring)):
@@ -927,9 +942,16 @@ class ReferenceField(BaseField):
         self._auto_dereference = instance._fields[self.name]._auto_dereference
         # Dereference DBRefs
         if self._auto_dereference and isinstance(value, DBRef):
-            value = self.document_type._get_db().dereference(value)
+            if hasattr(value, 'cls'):
-            if value is not None:
+                # Dereference using the class type specified in the reference
-                instance._data[self.name] = self.document_type._from_son(value)
+                cls = get_document(value.cls)
+            else:
+                cls = self.document_type
+            dereferenced = cls._get_db().dereference(value)
+            if dereferenced is None:
+                raise DoesNotExist('Trying to dereference unknown document %s' % value)
+            else:
+                instance._data[self.name] = cls._from_son(dereferenced)
 
         return super(ReferenceField, self).__get__(instance, owner)
 
@@ -939,21 +961,29 @@ class ReferenceField(BaseField):
                 return document.id
             return document
 
-        id_field_name = self.document_type._meta['id_field']
-        id_field = self.document_type._fields[id_field_name]
-
         if isinstance(document, Document):
             # We need the id from the saved object to create the DBRef
             id_ = document.pk
             if id_ is None:
                 self.error('You can only reference documents once they have'
                            ' been saved to the database')
+
+            # Use the attributes from the document instance, so that they
+            # override the attributes of this field's document type
+            cls = document
         else:
             id_ = document
+            cls = self.document_type
+
+        id_field_name = cls._meta['id_field']
+        id_field = cls._fields[id_field_name]
 
         id_ = id_field.to_mongo(id_)
-        if self.dbref:
+        if self.document_type._meta.get('abstract'):
-            collection = self.document_type._get_collection_name()
+            collection = cls._get_collection_name()
+            return DBRef(collection, id_, cls=cls._class_name)
+        elif self.dbref:
+            collection = cls._get_collection_name()
             return DBRef(collection, id_)
 
         return id_
@@ -982,6 +1012,13 @@ class ReferenceField(BaseField):
             self.error('You can only reference documents once they have been '
                        'saved to the database')
 
+        if self.document_type._meta.get('abstract') and \
+                not isinstance(value, self.document_type):
+            self.error(
+                '%s is not an instance of abstract reference type %s' % (
+                    self.document_type._class_name)
+            )
+
     def lookup_member(self, member_name):
         return self.document_type._fields.get(member_name)
 
@@ -989,7 +1026,7 @@ class ReferenceField(BaseField):
 class CachedReferenceField(BaseField):
     """
     A referencefield with cache fields to purpose pseudo-joins
-    
+
     .. versionadded:: 0.9
     """
 
@@ -1057,13 +1094,15 @@ class CachedReferenceField(BaseField):
         self._auto_dereference = instance._fields[self.name]._auto_dereference
         # Dereference DBRefs
         if self._auto_dereference and isinstance(value, DBRef):
-            value = self.document_type._get_db().dereference(value)
+            dereferenced = self.document_type._get_db().dereference(value)
-            if value is not None:
+            if dereferenced is None:
-                instance._data[self.name] = self.document_type._from_son(value)
+                raise DoesNotExist('Trying to dereference unknown document %s' % value)
+            else:
+                instance._data[self.name] = self.document_type._from_son(dereferenced)
 
         return super(CachedReferenceField, self).__get__(instance, owner)
 
-    def to_mongo(self, document):
+    def to_mongo(self, document, use_db_field=True, fields=None):
         id_field_name = self.document_type._meta['id_field']
         id_field = self.document_type._fields[id_field_name]
 
@@ -1081,7 +1120,12 @@ class CachedReferenceField(BaseField):
             ("_id", id_field.to_mongo(id_)),
         ))
 
-        value.update(dict(document.to_mongo(fields=self.fields)))
+        if fields:
+            new_fields = [f for f in self.fields if f in fields]
+        else:
+            new_fields = self.fields
+
+        value.update(dict(document.to_mongo(use_db_field, fields=new_fields)))
         return value
 
     def prepare_query_value(self, op, value):
@@ -1172,7 +1216,11 @@ class GenericReferenceField(BaseField):
 
         self._auto_dereference = instance._fields[self.name]._auto_dereference
         if self._auto_dereference and isinstance(value, (dict, SON)):
-            instance._data[self.name] = self.dereference(value)
+            dereferenced = self.dereference(value)
+            if dereferenced is None:
+                raise DoesNotExist('Trying to dereference unknown document %s' % value)
+            else:
+                instance._data[self.name] = dereferenced
 
         return super(GenericReferenceField, self).__get__(instance, owner)
 
@@ -1197,7 +1245,7 @@ class GenericReferenceField(BaseField):
             doc = doc_cls._from_son(doc)
         return doc
 
-    def to_mongo(self, document, use_db_field=True):
+    def to_mongo(self, document):
         if document is None:
             return None
 
@@ -1345,7 +1393,7 @@ class GridFSProxy(object):
             if self.gridout is None:
                 self.gridout = self.fs.get(self.grid_id)
             return self.gridout
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             # File has been deleted
             return None
 
@@ -1383,7 +1431,7 @@ class GridFSProxy(object):
         else:
             try:
                 return gridout.read(size)
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 return ""
 
     def delete(self):
@@ -1448,7 +1496,7 @@ class FileField(BaseField):
             if grid_file:
                 try:
                     grid_file.delete()
-                except:
+                except Exception:
                     pass
 
             # Create a new proxy object as we don't already have one
@@ -1682,17 +1730,17 @@ class SequenceField(BaseField):
     :param collection_name:  Name of the counter collection (default 'mongoengine.counters')
     :param sequence_name: Name of the sequence in the collection (default 'ClassName.counter')
     :param value_decorator: Any callable to use as a counter (default int)
-        
+
     Use any callable as `value_decorator` to transform calculated counter into
     any value suitable for your needs, e.g. string or hexadecimal
     representation of the default integer counter value.
-    
+
     .. note::
-    
+
-        In case the counter is defined in the abstract document, it will be 
+        In case the counter is defined in the abstract document, it will be
-        common to all inherited documents and the default sequence name will 
+        common to all inherited documents and the default sequence name will
         be the class name of the abstract document.
-    
+
     .. versionadded:: 0.5
     .. versionchanged:: 0.8 added `value_decorator`
     """
@@ -1816,7 +1864,7 @@ class UUIDField(BaseField):
                 if not isinstance(value, basestring):
                     value = unicode(value)
                 return uuid.UUID(value)
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 return original_value
         return value
 

mongoengine/queryset/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-from mongoengine.errors import (DoesNotExist, MultipleObjectsReturned,
+from mongoengine.errors import (DoesNotExist, InvalidQueryError,
-                                InvalidQueryError, OperationError,
+                                MultipleObjectsReturned, NotUniqueError,
-                                NotUniqueError)
+                                OperationError)
 from mongoengine.queryset.field_list import *
 from mongoengine.queryset.manager import *
 from mongoengine.queryset.queryset import *

mongoengine/queryset/base.py

@@ -7,20 +7,19 @@ import pprint
 import re
 import warnings
 
-from bson import SON
+from bson import SON, json_util
 from bson.code import Code
-from bson import json_util
 import pymongo
 import pymongo.errors
 from pymongo.common import validate_read_preference
 
 from mongoengine import signals
+from mongoengine.base.common import get_document
+from mongoengine.common import _import_class
 from mongoengine.connection import get_db
 from mongoengine.context_managers import switch_db
-from mongoengine.common import _import_class
+from mongoengine.errors import (InvalidQueryError, LookUpError,
-from mongoengine.base.common import get_document
+                                NotUniqueError, OperationError)
-from mongoengine.errors import (OperationError, NotUniqueError,
-                                InvalidQueryError, LookUpError)
 from mongoengine.python_support import IS_PYMONGO_3
 from mongoengine.queryset import transform
 from mongoengine.queryset.field_list import QueryFieldList
@@ -123,9 +122,40 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
 
         return queryset
 
-    def __getitem__(self, key):
+    def __getstate__(self):
-        """Support skip and limit using getitem and slicing syntax.
         """
+        Need for pickling queryset
+
+        See https://github.com/MongoEngine/mongoengine/issues/442
+        """
+
+        obj_dict = self.__dict__.copy()
+
+        # don't picke collection, instead pickle collection params
+        obj_dict.pop("_collection_obj")
+
+        # don't pickle cursor
+        obj_dict["_cursor_obj"] = None
+
+        return obj_dict
+
+    def __setstate__(self, obj_dict):
+        """
+        Need for pickling queryset
+
+        See https://github.com/MongoEngine/mongoengine/issues/442
+        """
+
+        obj_dict["_collection_obj"] = obj_dict["_document"]._get_collection()
+
+        # update attributes
+        self.__dict__.update(obj_dict)
+
+        # forse load cursor
+        # self._cursor
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        """Support skip and limit using getitem and slicing syntax."""
         queryset = self.clone()
 
         # Slice provided
@@ -266,7 +296,8 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
             result = None
         return result
 
-    def insert(self, doc_or_docs, load_bulk=True, write_concern=None):
+    def insert(self, doc_or_docs, load_bulk=True,
+               write_concern=None, signal_kwargs=None):
         """bulk insert documents
 
         :param doc_or_docs: a document or list of documents to be inserted
@@ -279,11 +310,15 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
                 ``insert(..., {w: 2, fsync: True})`` will wait until at least
                 two servers have recorded the write and will force an fsync on
                 each server being written to.
+        :parm signal_kwargs: (optional) kwargs dictionary to be passed to
+            the signal calls.
 
         By default returns document instances, set ``load_bulk`` to False to
         return just ``ObjectIds``
 
         .. versionadded:: 0.5
+        .. versionchanged:: 0.10.7
+            Add signal_kwargs argument
         """
         Document = _import_class('Document')
 
@@ -296,7 +331,6 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
             return_one = True
             docs = [docs]
 
-        raw = []
         for doc in docs:
             if not isinstance(doc, self._document):
                 msg = ("Some documents inserted aren't instances of %s"
@@ -305,9 +339,12 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
             if doc.pk and not doc._created:
                 msg = "Some documents have ObjectIds use doc.update() instead"
                 raise OperationError(msg)
-            raw.append(doc.to_mongo())
 
-        signals.pre_bulk_insert.send(self._document, documents=docs)
+        signal_kwargs = signal_kwargs or {}
+        signals.pre_bulk_insert.send(self._document,
+                                     documents=docs, **signal_kwargs)
+
+        raw = [doc.to_mongo() for doc in docs]
         try:
             ids = self._collection.insert(raw, **write_concern)
         except pymongo.errors.DuplicateKeyError, err:
@@ -324,7 +361,7 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
 
         if not load_bulk:
             signals.post_bulk_insert.send(
-                self._document, documents=docs, loaded=False)
+                self._document, documents=docs, loaded=False, **signal_kwargs)
             return return_one and ids[0] or ids
 
         documents = self.in_bulk(ids)
@@ -332,7 +369,7 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
         for obj_id in ids:
             results.append(documents.get(obj_id))
         signals.post_bulk_insert.send(
-            self._document, documents=results, loaded=True)
+            self._document, documents=results, loaded=True, **signal_kwargs)
         return return_one and results[0] or results
 
     def count(self, with_limit_and_skip=False):
@@ -403,8 +440,10 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
             rule = doc._meta['delete_rules'][rule_entry]
             if rule == CASCADE:
                 cascade_refs = set() if cascade_refs is None else cascade_refs
-                for ref in queryset:
+                # Handle recursive reference
-                    cascade_refs.add(ref.id)
+                if doc._collection == document_cls._collection:
+                    for ref in queryset:
+                        cascade_refs.add(ref.id)
                 ref_q = document_cls.objects(**{field_name + '__in': self, 'id__nin': cascade_refs})
                 ref_q_count = ref_q.count()
                 if ref_q_count > 0:
@@ -425,7 +464,7 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
                full_result=False, **update):
         """Perform an atomic update on the fields matched by the query.
 
-        :param upsert: Any existing document with that "_id" is overwritten.
+        :param upsert: insert if document doesn't exist (default ``False``)
         :param multi: Update multiple documents.
         :param write_concern: Extra keyword arguments are passed down which
             will be used as options for the resultant
@@ -471,11 +510,37 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
                 raise OperationError(message)
             raise OperationError(u'Update failed (%s)' % unicode(err))
 
+    def upsert_one(self, write_concern=None, **update):
+        """Overwrite or add the first document matched by the query.
+
+        :param write_concern: Extra keyword arguments are passed down which
+            will be used as options for the resultant
+            ``getLastError`` command.  For example,
+            ``save(..., write_concern={w: 2, fsync: True}, ...)`` will
+            wait until at least two servers have recorded the write and
+            will force an fsync on the primary server.
+        :param update: Django-style update keyword arguments
+
+        :returns the new or overwritten document
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.10.2
+        """
+
+        atomic_update = self.update(multi=False, upsert=True,
+                                    write_concern=write_concern,
+                                    full_result=True, **update)
+
+        if atomic_update['updatedExisting']:
+            document = self.get()
+        else:
+            document = self._document.objects.with_id(atomic_update['upserted'])
+        return document
+
     def update_one(self, upsert=False, write_concern=None, **update):
         """Perform an atomic update on the fields of the first document
         matched by the query.
 
-        :param upsert: Any existing document with that "_id" is overwritten.
+        :param upsert: insert if document doesn't exist (default ``False``)
         :param write_concern: Extra keyword arguments are passed down which
             will be used as options for the resultant
             ``getLastError`` command.  For example,
@@ -930,6 +995,7 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
         validate_read_preference('read_preference', read_preference)
         queryset = self.clone()
         queryset._read_preference = read_preference
+        queryset._cursor_obj = None  # we need to re-create the cursor object whenever we apply read_preference
         return queryset
 
     def scalar(self, *fields):
@@ -1202,66 +1268,29 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
     def sum(self, field):
         """Sum over the values of the specified field.
 
-        :param field: the field to sum over; use dot-notation to refer to
+        :param field: the field to sum over; use dot notation to refer to
             embedded document fields
-
-        .. versionchanged:: 0.5 - updated to map_reduce as db.eval doesnt work
-            with sharding.
         """
-        map_func = """
+        db_field = self._fields_to_dbfields([field]).pop()
-            function() {
+        pipeline = [
-                var path = '{{~%(field)s}}'.split('.'),
-                field = this;
-
-                for (p in path) {
-                    if (typeof field != 'undefined')
-                       field = field[path[p]];
-                    else
-                       break;
-                }
-
-                if (field && field.constructor == Array) {
-                    field.forEach(function(item) {
-                        emit(1, item||0);
-                    });
-                } else if (typeof field != 'undefined') {
-                    emit(1, field||0);
-                }
-            }
-        """ % dict(field=field)
-
-        reduce_func = Code("""
-            function(key, values) {
-                var sum = 0;
-                for (var i in values) {
-                    sum += values[i];
-                }
-                return sum;
-            }
-        """)
-
-        for result in self.map_reduce(map_func, reduce_func, output='inline'):
-            return result.value
-        else:
-            return 0
-
-    def aggregate_sum(self, field):
-        """Sum over the values of the specified field.
-
-        :param field: the field to sum over; use dot-notation to refer to
-            embedded document fields
-
-        This method is more performant than the regular `sum`, because it uses
-        the aggregation framework instead of map-reduce.
-        """
-        result = self._document._get_collection().aggregate([
             {'$match': self._query},
-            {'$group': {'_id': 'sum', 'total': {'$sum': '$' + field}}}
+            {'$group': {'_id': 'sum', 'total': {'$sum': '$' + db_field}}}
-        ])
+        ]
+
+        # if we're performing a sum over a list field, we sum up all the
+        # elements in the list, hence we need to $unwind the arrays first
+        ListField = _import_class('ListField')
+        field_parts = field.split('.')
+        field_instances = self._document._lookup_field(field_parts)
+        if isinstance(field_instances[-1], ListField):
+            pipeline.insert(1, {'$unwind': '$' + field})
+
+        result = self._document._get_collection().aggregate(pipeline)
         if IS_PYMONGO_3:
-            result = list(result)
+            result = tuple(result)
         else:
             result = result.get('result')
+
         if result:
             return result[0]['total']
         return 0
@@ -1269,73 +1298,27 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
     def average(self, field):
         """Average over the values of the specified field.
 
-        :param field: the field to average over; use dot-notation to refer to
+        :param field: the field to average over; use dot notation to refer to
             embedded document fields
-
-        .. versionchanged:: 0.5 - updated to map_reduce as db.eval doesnt work
-            with sharding.
         """
-        map_func = """
+        db_field = self._fields_to_dbfields([field]).pop()
-            function() {
+        pipeline = [
-                var path = '{{~%(field)s}}'.split('.'),
-                field = this;
-
-                for (p in path) {
-                    if (typeof field != 'undefined')
-                       field = field[path[p]];
-                    else
-                       break;
-                }
-
-                if (field && field.constructor == Array) {
-                    field.forEach(function(item) {
-                        emit(1, {t: item||0, c: 1});
-                    });
-                } else if (typeof field != 'undefined') {
-                    emit(1, {t: field||0, c: 1});
-                }
-            }
-        """ % dict(field=field)
-
-        reduce_func = Code("""
-            function(key, values) {
-                var out = {t: 0, c: 0};
-                for (var i in values) {
-                    var value = values[i];
-                    out.t += value.t;
-                    out.c += value.c;
-                }
-                return out;
-            }
-        """)
-
-        finalize_func = Code("""
-            function(key, value) {
-                return value.t / value.c;
-            }
-        """)
-
-        for result in self.map_reduce(map_func, reduce_func,
-                                      finalize_f=finalize_func, output='inline'):
-            return result.value
-        else:
-            return 0
-
-    def aggregate_average(self, field):
-        """Average over the values of the specified field.
-
-        :param field: the field to average over; use dot-notation to refer to
-            embedded document fields
-
-        This method is more performant than the regular `average`, because it
-        uses the aggregation framework instead of map-reduce.
-        """
-        result = self._document._get_collection().aggregate([
             {'$match': self._query},
-            {'$group': {'_id': 'avg', 'total': {'$avg': '$' + field}}}
+            {'$group': {'_id': 'avg', 'total': {'$avg': '$' + db_field}}}
-        ])
+        ]
+
+        # if we're performing an average over a list field, we average out
+        # all the elements in the list, hence we need to $unwind the arrays
+        # first
+        ListField = _import_class('ListField')
+        field_parts = field.split('.')
+        field_instances = self._document._lookup_field(field_parts)
+        if isinstance(field_instances[-1], ListField):
+            pipeline.insert(1, {'$unwind': '$' + field})
+
+        result = self._document._get_collection().aggregate(pipeline)
         if IS_PYMONGO_3:
-            result = list(result)
+            result = tuple(result)
         else:
             result = result.get('result')
         if result:
@@ -1352,7 +1335,7 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
             Can only do direct simple mappings and cannot map across
             :class:`~mongoengine.fields.ReferenceField` or
             :class:`~mongoengine.fields.GenericReferenceField` for more complex
-            counting a manual map reduce call would is required.
+            counting a manual map reduce call is required.
 
         If the field is a :class:`~mongoengine.fields.ListField`, the items within
         each list will be counted individually.
@@ -1426,7 +1409,7 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
                 msg = "The snapshot option is not anymore available with PyMongo 3+"
                 warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning)
             cursor_args = {
-                'no_cursor_timeout': self._timeout
+                'no_cursor_timeout': not self._timeout
             }
         if self._loaded_fields:
             cursor_args[fields_name] = self._loaded_fields.as_dict()
@@ -1443,8 +1426,16 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
     def _cursor(self):
         if self._cursor_obj is None:
 
-            self._cursor_obj = self._collection.find(self._query,
+            # In PyMongo 3+, we define the read preference on a collection
-                                                     **self._cursor_args)
+            # level, not a cursor level. Thus, we need to get a cloned
+            # collection object using `with_options` first.
+            if IS_PYMONGO_3 and self._read_preference is not None:
+                self._cursor_obj = self._collection\
+                    .with_options(read_preference=self._read_preference)\
+                    .find(self._query, **self._cursor_args)
+            else:
+                self._cursor_obj = self._collection.find(self._query,
+                                                         **self._cursor_args)
             # Apply where clauses to cursor
             if self._where_clause:
                 where_clause = self._sub_js_fields(self._where_clause)
@@ -1661,7 +1652,7 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
             key = key.replace('__', '.')
             try:
                 key = self._document._translate_field_name(key)
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 pass
             key_list.append((key, direction))
 

mongoengine/queryset/manager.py

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class QuerySetManager(object):
         Document.objects is accessed.
         """
         if instance is not None:
-            # Document class being used rather than a document object
+            # Document object being used rather than a document class
             return self
 
         # owner is the document that contains the QuerySetManager

mongoengine/queryset/queryset.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from mongoengine.errors import OperationError
-from mongoengine.queryset.base import (BaseQuerySet, DO_NOTHING, NULLIFY,
+from mongoengine.queryset.base import (BaseQuerySet, CASCADE, DENY, DO_NOTHING,
-                                       CASCADE, DENY, PULL)
+                                       NULLIFY, PULL)
 
 __all__ = ('QuerySet', 'QuerySetNoCache', 'DO_NOTHING', 'NULLIFY', 'CASCADE',
            'DENY', 'PULL')
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class QuerySet(BaseQuerySet):
 
     def __len__(self):
         """Since __len__ is called quite frequently (for example, as part of
-        list(qs) we populate the result cache and cache the length.
+        list(qs)), we populate the result cache and cache the length.
         """
         if self._len is not None:
             return self._len

mongoengine/queryset/transform.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 from collections import defaultdict
 
-import pymongo
 from bson import SON
+import pymongo
 
 from mongoengine.base.fields import UPDATE_OPERATORS
-from mongoengine.connection import get_connection
 from mongoengine.common import _import_class
+from mongoengine.connection import get_connection
 from mongoengine.errors import InvalidQueryError
 from mongoengine.python_support import IS_PYMONGO_3
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def query(_doc_cls=None, **kwargs):
         if len(parts) > 1 and parts[-1] in MATCH_OPERATORS:
             op = parts.pop()
 
-        # Allw to escape operator-like field name by __
+        # Allow to escape operator-like field name by __
         if len(parts) > 1 and parts[-1] == "":
             parts.pop()
 
@@ -108,8 +108,11 @@ def query(_doc_cls=None, **kwargs):
             elif op in ('match', 'elemMatch'):
                 ListField = _import_class('ListField')
                 EmbeddedDocumentField = _import_class('EmbeddedDocumentField')
-                if (isinstance(value, dict) and isinstance(field, ListField) and
+                if (
-                    isinstance(field.field, EmbeddedDocumentField)):
+                    isinstance(value, dict) and
+                    isinstance(field, ListField) and
+                    isinstance(field.field, EmbeddedDocumentField)
+                ):
                     value = query(field.field.document_type, **value)
                 else:
                     value = field.prepare_query_value(op, value)
@@ -212,6 +215,10 @@ def update(_doc_cls=None, **update):
         if parts[-1] in COMPARISON_OPERATORS:
             match = parts.pop()
 
+        # Allow to escape operator-like field name by __
+        if len(parts) > 1 and parts[-1] == "":
+            parts.pop()
+
         if _doc_cls:
             # Switch field names to proper names [set in Field(name='foo')]
             try:
@@ -364,20 +371,24 @@ def _infer_geometry(value):
                                 "type and coordinates keys")
     elif isinstance(value, (list, set)):
         # TODO: shouldn't we test value[0][0][0][0] to see if it is MultiPolygon?
+        # TODO: should both TypeError and IndexError be alike interpreted?
+
         try:
             value[0][0][0]
             return {"$geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": value}}
-        except:
+        except (TypeError, IndexError):
             pass
+
         try:
             value[0][0]
             return {"$geometry": {"type": "LineString", "coordinates": value}}
-        except:
+        except (TypeError, IndexError):
             pass
+
         try:
             value[0]
             return {"$geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": value}}
-        except:
+        except (TypeError, IndexError):
             pass
 
     raise InvalidQueryError("Invalid $geometry data. Can be either a dictionary "

mongoengine/signals.py

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ except ImportError:
                                'because the blinker library is '
                                'not installed.')
 
-        send = lambda *a, **kw: None
+        send = lambda *a, **kw: None  # noqa
         connect = disconnect = has_receivers_for = receivers_for = \
             temporarily_connected_to = _fail
         del _fail

requirements.txt

@@ -1,2 +1,5 @@
-pymongo>=2.7.1
 nose
+pymongo>=2.7.1
+six==1.10.0
+flake8
+flake8-import-order

setup.cfg

@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
 [nosetests]
-rednose = 1
 verbosity = 2
 detailed-errors = 1
 cover-erase = 1
 cover-branches = 1
 cover-package = mongoengine
 tests = tests
+
+[flake8]
+ignore=E501,F401,F403,F405,I201
+exclude=build,dist,docs,venv,.tox,.eggs,tests
+max-complexity=42
+application-import-names=mongoengine,tests

setup.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import os
 import sys
-from setuptools import setup, find_packages
+from setuptools import find_packages, setup
 
 # Hack to silence atexit traceback in newer python versions
 try:
@@ -8,13 +8,16 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     pass
 
-DESCRIPTION = 'MongoEngine is a Python Object-Document ' + \
+DESCRIPTION = (
-'Mapper for working with MongoDB.'
+    'MongoEngine is a Python Object-Document '
-LONG_DESCRIPTION = None
+    'Mapper for working with MongoDB.'
+)
+
 try:
-    LONG_DESCRIPTION = open('README.rst').read()
+    with open('README.rst') as fin:
-except:
+        LONG_DESCRIPTION = fin.read()
-    pass
+except Exception:
+    LONG_DESCRIPTION = None
 
 
 def get_version(version_tuple):
@@ -22,6 +25,7 @@ def get_version(version_tuple):
         return '.'.join(map(str, version_tuple[:-1])) + version_tuple[-1]
     return '.'.join(map(str, version_tuple))
 
+
 # Dirty hack to get version number from monogengine/__init__.py - we can't
 # import it as it depends on PyMongo and PyMongo isn't installed until this
 # file is read
@@ -52,32 +56,33 @@ CLASSIFIERS = [
 extra_opts = {"packages": find_packages(exclude=["tests", "tests.*"])}
 if sys.version_info[0] == 3:
     extra_opts['use_2to3'] = True
-    extra_opts['tests_require'] = ['nose', 'rednose', 'coverage==3.7.1', 'blinker', 'Pillow>=2.0.0']
+    extra_opts['tests_require'] = ['nose', 'coverage==3.7.1', 'blinker', 'Pillow>=2.0.0']
     if "test" in sys.argv or "nosetests" in sys.argv:
         extra_opts['packages'] = find_packages()
         extra_opts['package_data'] = {"tests": ["fields/mongoengine.png", "fields/mongodb_leaf.png"]}
 else:
     # coverage 4 does not support Python 3.2 anymore
-    extra_opts['tests_require'] = ['nose', 'rednose', 'coverage==3.7.1', 'blinker', 'Pillow>=2.0.0', 'python-dateutil']
+    extra_opts['tests_require'] = ['nose', 'coverage==3.7.1', 'blinker', 'Pillow>=2.0.0', 'python-dateutil']
 
     if sys.version_info[0] == 2 and sys.version_info[1] == 6:
         extra_opts['tests_require'].append('unittest2')
 
-setup(name='mongoengine',
+setup(
-      version=VERSION,
+    name='mongoengine',
-      author='Harry Marr',
+    version=VERSION,
-      author_email='harry.marr@{nospam}gmail.com',
+    author='Harry Marr',
-      maintainer="Ross Lawley",
+    author_email='harry.marr@{nospam}gmail.com',
-      maintainer_email="ross.lawley@{nospam}gmail.com",
+    maintainer="Ross Lawley",
-      url='http://mongoengine.org/',
+    maintainer_email="ross.lawley@{nospam}gmail.com",
-      download_url='https://github.com/MongoEngine/mongoengine/tarball/master',
+    url='http://mongoengine.org/',
-      license='MIT',
+    download_url='https://github.com/MongoEngine/mongoengine/tarball/master',
-      include_package_data=True,
+    license='MIT',
-      description=DESCRIPTION,
+    include_package_data=True,
-      long_description=LONG_DESCRIPTION,
+    description=DESCRIPTION,
-      platforms=['any'],
+    long_description=LONG_DESCRIPTION,
-      classifiers=CLASSIFIERS,
+    platforms=['any'],
-      install_requires=['pymongo>=2.7.1'],
+    classifiers=CLASSIFIERS,
-      test_suite='nose.collector',
+    install_requires=['pymongo>=2.7.1', 'six'],
-      **extra_opts
+    test_suite='nose.collector',
+    **extra_opts
 )

tests/document/indexes.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 import unittest
 import sys
 
-sys.path[0:0] = [""]
 
 import pymongo
 
@@ -32,10 +31,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.Person = Person
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        for collection in self.db.collection_names():
+        self.connection.drop_database(self.db)
-            if 'system.' in collection:
-                continue
-            self.db.drop_collection(collection)
 
     def test_indexes_document(self):
         """Ensure that indexes are used when meta[indexes] is specified for
@@ -822,33 +818,34 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
             name = StringField(required=True)
             term = StringField(required=True)
 
-        class Report(Document):
+        class ReportEmbedded(Document):
             key = EmbeddedDocumentField(CompoundKey, primary_key=True)
             text = StringField()
 
-        Report.drop_collection()
-
         my_key = CompoundKey(name="n", term="ok")
-        report = Report(text="OK", key=my_key).save()
+        report = ReportEmbedded(text="OK", key=my_key).save()
 
         self.assertEqual({'text': 'OK', '_id': {'term': 'ok', 'name': 'n'}},
                          report.to_mongo())
-        self.assertEqual(report, Report.objects.get(pk=my_key))
+        self.assertEqual(report, ReportEmbedded.objects.get(pk=my_key))
 
     def test_compound_key_dictfield(self):
 
-        class Report(Document):
+        class ReportDictField(Document):
             key = DictField(primary_key=True)
             text = StringField()
 
-        Report.drop_collection()
-
         my_key = {"name": "n", "term": "ok"}
-        report = Report(text="OK", key=my_key).save()
+        report = ReportDictField(text="OK", key=my_key).save()
 
         self.assertEqual({'text': 'OK', '_id': {'term': 'ok', 'name': 'n'}},
                          report.to_mongo())
-        self.assertEqual(report, Report.objects.get(pk=my_key))
+
+        # We can't directly call ReportDictField.objects.get(pk=my_key),
+        # because dicts are unordered, and if the order in MongoDB is
+        # different than the one in `my_key`, this test will fail.
+        self.assertEqual(report, ReportDictField.objects.get(pk__name=my_key['name']))
+        self.assertEqual(report, ReportDictField.objects.get(pk__term=my_key['term']))
 
     def test_string_indexes(self):
 
@@ -863,6 +860,20 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue([('provider_ids.foo', 1)] in info)
         self.assertTrue([('provider_ids.bar', 1)] in info)
 
+    def test_sparse_compound_indexes(self):
+
+        class MyDoc(Document):
+            provider_ids = DictField()
+            meta = {
+                "indexes": [{'fields': ("provider_ids.foo", "provider_ids.bar"),
+                             'sparse': True}],
+            }
+
+        info = MyDoc.objects._collection.index_information()
+        self.assertEqual([('provider_ids.foo', 1), ('provider_ids.bar', 1)],
+                         info['provider_ids.foo_1_provider_ids.bar_1']['key'])
+        self.assertTrue(info['provider_ids.foo_1_provider_ids.bar_1']['sparse'])
+
     def test_text_indexes(self):
 
         class Book(Document):
@@ -895,26 +906,38 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         Issue #812
         """
+        # Use a new connection and database since dropping the database could
+        # cause concurrent tests to fail.
+        connection = connect(db='tempdatabase',
+                             alias='test_indexes_after_database_drop')
+
         class BlogPost(Document):
             title = StringField()
             slug = StringField(unique=True)
 
-        BlogPost.drop_collection()
+            meta = {'db_alias': 'test_indexes_after_database_drop'}
 
-        # Create Post #1
+        try:
-        post1 = BlogPost(title='test1', slug='test')
+            BlogPost.drop_collection()
-        post1.save()
 
-        # Drop the Database
+            # Create Post #1
-        self.connection.drop_database(BlogPost._get_db().name)
+            post1 = BlogPost(title='test1', slug='test')
+            post1.save()
 
-        # Re-create Post #1
+            # Drop the Database
-        post1 = BlogPost(title='test1', slug='test')
+            connection.drop_database('tempdatabase')
-        post1.save()
+
+            # Re-create Post #1
+            post1 = BlogPost(title='test1', slug='test')
+            post1.save()
+
+            # Create Post #2
+            post2 = BlogPost(title='test2', slug='test')
+            self.assertRaises(NotUniqueError, post2.save)
+        finally:
+            # Drop the temporary database at the end
+            connection.drop_database('tempdatabase')
 
-        # Create Post #2
-        post2 = BlogPost(title='test2', slug='test')
-        self.assertRaises(NotUniqueError, post2.save)
 
     def test_index_dont_send_cls_option(self):
         """

tests/document/inheritance.py

@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ class InheritanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         try:
             class MyDocument(DateCreatedDocument, DateUpdatedDocument):
                 pass
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             self.assertTrue(False, "Couldn't create MyDocument class")
 
     def test_abstract_documents(self):

tests/document/instance.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from datetime import datetime
 from bson import DBRef, ObjectId
 from tests import fixtures
 from tests.fixtures import (PickleEmbedded, PickleTest, PickleSignalsTest,
-                            PickleDyanmicEmbedded, PickleDynamicTest)
+                            PickleDynamicEmbedded, PickleDynamicTest)
 
 from mongoengine import *
 from mongoengine.errors import (NotRegistered, InvalidDocumentError,
@@ -571,6 +571,28 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         except Exception:
             self.assertFalse("Threw wrong exception")
 
+    def test_reload_of_non_strict_with_special_field_name(self):
+        """Ensures reloading works for documents with meta strict == False
+        """
+        class Post(Document):
+            meta = {
+                'strict': False
+            }
+            title = StringField()
+            items = ListField()
+
+        Post.drop_collection()
+
+        Post._get_collection().insert({
+            "title": "Items eclipse",
+            "items": ["more lorem", "even more ipsum"]
+        })
+
+        post = Post.objects.first()
+        post.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(post.title, "Items eclipse")
+        self.assertEqual(post.items, ["more lorem", "even more ipsum"])
+
     def test_dictionary_access(self):
         """Ensure that dictionary-style field access works properly.
         """
@@ -657,6 +679,19 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         doc = Doc.objects.get()
         self.assertHasInstance(doc.embedded_field[0], doc)
 
+    def test_embedded_document_complex_instance_no_use_db_field(self):
+        """Ensure that use_db_field is propagated to list of Emb Docs
+        """
+        class Embedded(EmbeddedDocument):
+            string = StringField(db_field='s')
+
+        class Doc(Document):
+            embedded_field = ListField(EmbeddedDocumentField(Embedded))
+
+        d = Doc(embedded_field=[Embedded(string="Hi")]).to_mongo(
+            use_db_field=False).to_dict()
+        self.assertEqual(d['embedded_field'], [{'string': 'Hi'}])
+
     def test_instance_is_set_on_setattr(self):
 
         class Email(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -1871,6 +1906,62 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         author.delete()
         self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects.count(), 0)
 
+    def test_reverse_delete_rule_with_custom_id_field(self):
+        """Ensure that a referenced document with custom primary key
+        is also deleted upon deletion.
+        """
+        class User(Document):
+            name = StringField(primary_key=True)
+
+        class Book(Document):
+            author = ReferenceField(User, reverse_delete_rule=CASCADE)
+            reviewer = ReferenceField(User, reverse_delete_rule=NULLIFY)
+
+        User.drop_collection()
+        Book.drop_collection()
+
+        user = User(name='Mike').save()
+        reviewer = User(name='John').save()
+        book = Book(author=user, reviewer=reviewer).save()
+
+        reviewer.delete()
+        self.assertEqual(Book.objects.count(), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(Book.objects.get().reviewer, None)
+
+        user.delete()
+        self.assertEqual(Book.objects.count(), 0)
+
+    def test_reverse_delete_rule_with_shared_id_among_collections(self):
+        """Ensure that cascade delete rule doesn't mix id among collections.
+        """
+        class User(Document):
+            id = IntField(primary_key=True)
+
+        class Book(Document):
+            id = IntField(primary_key=True)
+            author = ReferenceField(User, reverse_delete_rule=CASCADE)
+
+        User.drop_collection()
+        Book.drop_collection()
+
+        user_1 = User(id=1).save()
+        user_2 = User(id=2).save()
+        book_1 = Book(id=1, author=user_2).save()
+        book_2 = Book(id=2, author=user_1).save()
+
+        user_2.delete()
+        # Deleting user_2 should also delete book_1 but not book_2
+        self.assertEqual(Book.objects.count(), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(Book.objects.get(), book_2)
+
+        user_3 = User(id=3).save()
+        book_3 = Book(id=3, author=user_3).save()
+
+        user_3.delete()
+        # Deleting user_3 should also delete book_3
+        self.assertEqual(Book.objects.count(), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(Book.objects.get(), book_2)
+
     def test_reverse_delete_rule_with_document_inheritance(self):
         """Ensure that a referenced document is also deleted upon deletion
         of a child document.
@@ -2226,7 +2317,7 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         pickle_doc = PickleDynamicTest(
             name="test", number=1, string="One", lists=['1', '2'])
-        pickle_doc.embedded = PickleDyanmicEmbedded(foo="Bar")
+        pickle_doc.embedded = PickleDynamicEmbedded(foo="Bar")
         pickled_doc = pickle.dumps(pickle_doc)  # make sure pickling works even before the doc is saved
 
         pickle_doc.save()
@@ -2837,6 +2928,20 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(person.name, "Test User")
         self.assertEqual(person.age, 42)
 
+    def test_positional_creation_embedded(self):
+        """Ensure that embedded document may be created using positional arguments.
+        """
+        job = self.Job("Test Job", 4)
+        self.assertEqual(job.name, "Test Job")
+        self.assertEqual(job.years, 4)
+
+    def test_mixed_creation_embedded(self):
+        """Ensure that embedded document may be created using mixed arguments.
+        """
+        job = self.Job("Test Job", years=4)
+        self.assertEqual(job.name, "Test Job")
+        self.assertEqual(job.years, 4)
+
     def test_mixed_creation_dynamic(self):
         """Ensure that document may be created using mixed arguments.
         """
@@ -3013,6 +3118,17 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
         p4 = Person.objects()[0]
         p4.save()
         self.assertEquals(p4.height, 189)
+        
+        # However the default will not be fixed in DB
+        self.assertEquals(Person.objects(height=189).count(), 0)
+        
+        # alter DB for the new default
+        coll = Person._get_collection()
+        for person in Person.objects.as_pymongo():
+            if 'height' not in person:
+                person['height'] = 189
+                coll.save(person)
+                
         self.assertEquals(Person.objects(height=189).count(), 1)
 
     def test_from_son(self):
@@ -3086,5 +3202,20 @@ class InstanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(b._instance, a)
         self.assertEqual(idx, 2)
 
+    def test_falsey_pk(self):
+        """Ensure that we can create and update a document with Falsey PK.
+        """
+        class Person(Document):
+            age = IntField(primary_key=True)
+            height = FloatField()
+
+        person = Person()
+        person.age = 0
+        person.height = 1.89
+        person.save()
+
+        person.update(set__height=2.0)
+
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

tests/fields/fields.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import sys
+
+import six
 from nose.plugins.skip import SkipTest
 
 sys.path[0:0] = [""]
@@ -10,6 +12,7 @@ import uuid
 import math
 import itertools
 import re
+import six
 
 try:
     import dateutil
@@ -19,12 +22,16 @@ except ImportError:
 from decimal import Decimal
 
 from bson import Binary, DBRef, ObjectId
+try:
+    from bson.int64 import Int64
+except ImportError:
+    Int64 = long
 
 from mongoengine import *
 from mongoengine.connection import get_db
 from mongoengine.base import _document_registry
 from mongoengine.base.datastructures import BaseDict, EmbeddedDocumentList
-from mongoengine.errors import NotRegistered
+from mongoengine.errors import NotRegistered, DoesNotExist
 from mongoengine.python_support import PY3, b, bin_type
 
 __all__ = ("FieldTest", "EmbeddedDocumentListFieldTestCase")
@@ -399,20 +406,37 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         class Person(Document):
             height = FloatField(min_value=0.1, max_value=3.5)
 
+        class BigPerson(Document):
+            height = FloatField()
+
         person = Person()
         person.height = 1.89
         person.validate()
 
         person.height = '2.0'
         self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+
         person.height = 0.01
         self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+
         person.height = 4.0
         self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
 
         person_2 = Person(height='something invalid')
         self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person_2.validate)
 
+        big_person = BigPerson()
+
+        for value, value_type in enumerate(six.integer_types):
+            big_person.height = value_type(value)
+            big_person.validate()
+
+        big_person.height = 2 ** 500
+        big_person.validate()
+
+        big_person.height = 2 ** 100000  # Too big for a float value
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, big_person.validate)
+
     def test_decimal_validation(self):
         """Ensure that invalid values cannot be assigned to decimal fields.
         """
@@ -1022,6 +1046,54 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects(info=['1', '2', '3', '4', '1', '2', '3', '4']).count(), 1)
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
 
+    def test_list_assignment(self):
+        """Ensure that list field element assignment and slicing work 
+        """
+        class BlogPost(Document):
+            info = ListField()
+
+        BlogPost.drop_collection()
+
+        post = BlogPost()
+        post.info = ['e1', 'e2', 3, '4', 5]
+        post.save()
+        
+        post.info[0] = 1
+        post.save()
+        post.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(post.info[0], 1)
+        
+        post.info[1:3] = ['n2', 'n3']
+        post.save()
+        post.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(post.info, [1, 'n2', 'n3', '4', 5])
+
+        post.info[-1] = 'n5'
+        post.save()
+        post.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(post.info, [1, 'n2', 'n3', '4', 'n5'])
+
+        post.info[-2] = 4
+        post.save()
+        post.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(post.info, [1, 'n2', 'n3', 4, 'n5'])
+
+        post.info[1:-1] = [2]
+        post.save()
+        post.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(post.info, [1, 2, 'n5'])
+
+        post.info[:-1] = [1, 'n2', 'n3', 4]
+        post.save()
+        post.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(post.info, [1, 'n2', 'n3', 4, 'n5'])
+
+        post.info[-4:3] = [2, 3]
+        post.save()
+        post.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(post.info, [1, 2, 3, 4, 'n5'])
+
+
     def test_list_field_passed_in_value(self):
         class Foo(Document):
             bars = ListField(ReferenceField("Bar"))
@@ -1136,6 +1208,19 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         simple = simple.reload()
         self.assertEqual(simple.widgets, [4])
 
+    def test_list_field_with_negative_indices(self):
+        
+        class Simple(Document):
+            widgets = ListField()
+
+        simple = Simple(widgets=[1, 2, 3, 4]).save()
+        simple.widgets[-1] = 5
+        self.assertEqual(['widgets.3'], simple._changed_fields)
+        simple.save()
+
+        simple = simple.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(simple.widgets, [1, 2, 3, 5])
+
     def test_list_field_complex(self):
         """Ensure that the list fields can handle the complex types."""
 
@@ -1515,6 +1600,29 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             actions__friends__operation='drink',
             actions__friends__object='beer').count())
 
+    def test_map_field_unicode(self):
+
+        class Info(EmbeddedDocument):
+            description = StringField()
+            value_list = ListField(field=StringField())
+
+        class BlogPost(Document):
+            info_dict = MapField(field=EmbeddedDocumentField(Info))
+
+        BlogPost.drop_collection()
+
+        tree = BlogPost(info_dict={
+            u"éééé": {
+                'description': u"VALUE: éééé"
+            }
+        })
+
+        tree.save()
+
+        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects.get(id=tree.id).info_dict[u"éééé"].description, u"VALUE: éééé")
+
+        BlogPost.drop_collection()
+
     def test_embedded_db_field(self):
 
         class Embedded(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -1551,6 +1659,8 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             name = StringField()
             preferences = EmbeddedDocumentField(PersonPreferences)
 
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
         person = Person(name='Test User')
         person.preferences = 'My Preferences'
         self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
@@ -1583,12 +1693,70 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             content = StringField()
             author = EmbeddedDocumentField(User)
 
+        BlogPost.drop_collection()
+
         post = BlogPost(content='What I did today...')
         post.author = PowerUser(name='Test User', power=47)
         post.save()
 
         self.assertEqual(47, BlogPost.objects.first().author.power)
 
+    def test_embedded_document_inheritance_with_list(self):
+        """Ensure that nested list of subclassed embedded documents is
+        handled correctly.
+        """
+
+        class Group(EmbeddedDocument):
+            name = StringField()
+            content = ListField(StringField())
+
+        class Basedoc(Document):
+            groups = ListField(EmbeddedDocumentField(Group))
+            meta = {'abstract': True}
+
+        class User(Basedoc):
+            doctype = StringField(require=True, default='userdata')
+
+        User.drop_collection()
+
+        content = ['la', 'le', 'lu']
+        group = Group(name='foo', content=content)
+        foobar = User(groups=[group])
+        foobar.save()
+
+        self.assertEqual(content, User.objects.first().groups[0].content)
+
+    def test_reference_miss(self):
+        """Ensure an exception is raised when dereferencing unknow document
+        """
+
+        class Foo(Document):
+            pass
+
+        class Bar(Document):
+            ref = ReferenceField(Foo)
+            generic_ref = GenericReferenceField()
+
+        Foo.drop_collection()
+        Bar.drop_collection()
+
+        foo = Foo().save()
+        bar = Bar(ref=foo, generic_ref=foo).save()
+
+        # Reference is no longer valid
+        foo.delete()
+        bar = Bar.objects.get()
+        self.assertRaises(DoesNotExist, lambda: getattr(bar, 'ref'))
+        self.assertRaises(DoesNotExist, lambda: getattr(bar, 'generic_ref'))
+
+        # When auto_dereference is disabled, there is no trouble returning DBRef
+        bar = Bar.objects.get()
+        expected = foo.to_dbref()
+        bar._fields['ref']._auto_dereference = False
+        self.assertEqual(bar.ref, expected)
+        bar._fields['generic_ref']._auto_dereference = False
+        self.assertEqual(bar.generic_ref, {'_ref': expected, '_cls': 'Foo'})
+
     def test_reference_validation(self):
         """Ensure that invalid docment objects cannot be assigned to reference
         fields.
@@ -2281,6 +2449,91 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         Member.drop_collection()
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
 
+    def test_drop_abstract_document(self):
+        """Ensure that an abstract document cannot be dropped given it
+        has no underlying collection.
+        """
+        class AbstractDoc(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            meta = {"abstract": True}
+
+        self.assertRaises(OperationError, AbstractDoc.drop_collection)
+
+    def test_reference_class_with_abstract_parent(self):
+        """Ensure that a class with an abstract parent can be referenced.
+        """
+        class Sibling(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            meta = {"abstract": True}
+
+        class Sister(Sibling):
+            pass
+
+        class Brother(Sibling):
+            sibling = ReferenceField(Sibling)
+
+        Sister.drop_collection()
+        Brother.drop_collection()
+
+        sister = Sister(name="Alice")
+        sister.save()
+        brother = Brother(name="Bob", sibling=sister)
+        brother.save()
+
+        self.assertEquals(Brother.objects[0].sibling.name, sister.name)
+
+        Sister.drop_collection()
+        Brother.drop_collection()
+
+    def test_reference_abstract_class(self):
+        """Ensure that an abstract class instance cannot be used in the
+        reference of that abstract class.
+        """
+        class Sibling(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            meta = {"abstract": True}
+
+        class Sister(Sibling):
+            pass
+
+        class Brother(Sibling):
+            sibling = ReferenceField(Sibling)
+
+        Sister.drop_collection()
+        Brother.drop_collection()
+
+        sister = Sibling(name="Alice")
+        brother = Brother(name="Bob", sibling=sister)
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, brother.save)
+
+        Sister.drop_collection()
+        Brother.drop_collection()
+
+    def test_abstract_reference_base_type(self):
+        """Ensure that an an abstract reference fails validation when given a
+        Document that does not inherit from the abstract type.
+        """
+        class Sibling(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            meta = {"abstract": True}
+
+        class Brother(Sibling):
+            sibling = ReferenceField(Sibling)
+
+        class Mother(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+
+        Brother.drop_collection()
+        Mother.drop_collection()
+
+        mother = Mother(name="Carol")
+        mother.save()
+        brother = Brother(name="Bob", sibling=mother)
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, brother.save)
+
+        Brother.drop_collection()
+        Mother.drop_collection()
+
     def test_generic_reference(self):
         """Ensure that a GenericReferenceField properly dereferences items.
         """
@@ -3472,6 +3725,19 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertRaises(FieldDoesNotExist, test)
 
+    def test_long_field_is_considered_as_int64(self):
+        """
+        Tests that long fields are stored as long in mongo, even if long value
+        is small enough to be an int.
+        """
+        class TestLongFieldConsideredAsInt64(Document):
+            some_long = LongField()
+
+        doc = TestLongFieldConsideredAsInt64(some_long=42).save()
+        db = get_db()
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(db.test_long_field_considered_as_int64.find()[0]['some_long'], Int64))
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(doc.some_long, six.integer_types))
+
 
 class EmbeddedDocumentListFieldTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -3859,6 +4125,17 @@ class EmbeddedDocumentListFieldTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         # modified
         self.assertEqual(number, 2)
 
+    def test_unicode(self):
+        """
+        Tests that unicode strings handled correctly
+        """
+        post = self.BlogPost(comments=[
+            self.Comments(author='user1', message=u'сообщение'),
+            self.Comments(author='user2', message=u'хабарлама')
+        ]).save()
+        self.assertEqual(post.comments.get(message=u'сообщение').author,
+                         'user1')
+
     def test_save(self):
         """
         Tests the save method of a List of Embedded Documents.

tests/fixtures.py

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class NewDocumentPickleTest(Document):
     new_field = StringField()
 
 
-class PickleDyanmicEmbedded(DynamicEmbeddedDocument):
+class PickleDynamicEmbedded(DynamicEmbeddedDocument):
     date = DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
 
 

tests/migration/__init__.py

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
+import unittest
+
 from convert_to_new_inheritance_model import *
 from decimalfield_as_float import *
-from refrencefield_dbref_to_object_id import *
+from referencefield_dbref_to_object_id import *
 from turn_off_inheritance import *
 from uuidfield_to_binary import *
 
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

tests/queryset/pickable.py

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+import pickle
+import unittest
+from pymongo.mongo_client import MongoClient
+from mongoengine import Document, StringField, IntField
+from mongoengine.connection import connect
+
+__author__ = 'stas'
+
+class Person(Document):
+    name = StringField()
+    age = IntField()
+
+class TestQuerysetPickable(unittest.TestCase):
+    """
+    Test for adding pickling support for QuerySet instances
+    See issue https://github.com/MongoEngine/mongoengine/issues/442
+    """
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(TestQuerysetPickable, self).setUp()
+
+        connection = connect(db="test") #type: pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient
+
+        connection.drop_database("test")
+
+        self.john = Person.objects.create(
+            name="John",
+            age=21
+        )
+
+
+    def test_picke_simple_qs(self):
+
+        qs = Person.objects.all()
+
+        pickle.dumps(qs)
+
+    def _get_loaded(self, qs):
+        s = pickle.dumps(qs)
+
+        return pickle.loads(s)
+
+    def test_unpickle(self):
+        qs = Person.objects.all()
+
+        loadedQs = self._get_loaded(qs)
+
+        self.assertEqual(qs.count(), loadedQs.count())
+
+        #can update loadedQs
+        loadedQs.update(age=23)
+
+        #check
+        self.assertEqual(Person.objects.first().age, 23)
+
+    def test_pickle_support_filtration(self):
+        Person.objects.create(
+            name="Alice",
+            age=22
+        )
+
+        Person.objects.create(
+            name="Bob",
+            age=23
+        )
+
+        qs = Person.objects.filter(age__gte=22)
+        self.assertEqual(qs.count(), 2)
+
+        loaded = self._get_loaded(qs)
+
+        self.assertEqual(loaded.count(), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(loaded.filter(name="Bob").first().age, 23)
+    
+
+
+
+
+

tests/queryset/queryset.py

@@ -1,28 +1,23 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
-import sys
+import datetime
-sys.path[0:0] = [""]
-
 import unittest
 import uuid
+
+from bson import DBRef, ObjectId
 from nose.plugins.skip import SkipTest
-
-from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-
 import pymongo
 from pymongo.errors import ConfigurationError
 from pymongo.read_preferences import ReadPreference
 
-from bson import ObjectId, DBRef
 
 from mongoengine import *
 from mongoengine.connection import get_connection, get_db
-from mongoengine.python_support import PY3, IS_PYMONGO_3
 from mongoengine.context_managers import query_counter, switch_db
-from mongoengine.queryset import (QuerySet, QuerySetManager,
-                                  MultipleObjectsReturned, DoesNotExist,
-                                  queryset_manager)
 from mongoengine.errors import InvalidQueryError
+from mongoengine.python_support import IS_PYMONGO_3, PY3
+from mongoengine.queryset import (DoesNotExist, MultipleObjectsReturned,
+                                  QuerySet, QuerySetManager, queryset_manager)
 
 __all__ = ("QuerySetTest",)
 
@@ -184,12 +179,14 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(self.Person.objects.count(), 55)
         self.assertEqual("Person object", "%s" % self.Person.objects[0])
-        self.assertEqual(
+        self.assertEqual("[<Person: Person object>, <Person: Person object>]",
-            "[<Person: Person object>, <Person: Person object>]",  "%s" % self.Person.objects[1:3])
+                         "%s" % self.Person.objects[1:3])
-        self.assertEqual(
+        self.assertEqual("[<Person: Person object>, <Person: Person object>]",
-            "[<Person: Person object>, <Person: Person object>]",  "%s" % self.Person.objects[51:53])
+                         "%s" % self.Person.objects[51:53])
+
         # Test only after limit
         self.assertEqual(self.Person.objects().limit(2).only('name')[0].age, None)
+
         # Test only after skip
         self.assertEqual(self.Person.objects().skip(2).only('name')[0].age, None)
 
@@ -287,6 +284,9 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         blog = Blog.objects(posts__0__comments__0__name='testa').get()
         self.assertEqual(blog, blog1)
 
+        blog = Blog.objects(posts__0__comments__0__name='testb').get()
+        self.assertEqual(blog, blog2)
+
         query = Blog.objects(posts__1__comments__1__name='testb')
         self.assertEqual(query.count(), 2)
 
@@ -633,39 +633,39 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(ValidationError, Doc.objects().update, dt_f="datetime", upsert=True)
         self.assertRaises(ValidationError, Doc.objects().update, ed_f__str_f=1, upsert=True)
 
-    def test_update_related_models( self ):
+    def test_update_related_models(self):
-            class TestPerson( Document ):
+            class TestPerson(Document):
                 name = StringField()
 
-            class TestOrganization( Document ):
+            class TestOrganization(Document):
                 name = StringField()
-                owner = ReferenceField( TestPerson )
+                owner = ReferenceField(TestPerson)
 
             TestPerson.drop_collection()
             TestOrganization.drop_collection()
 
-            p = TestPerson( name='p1' )
+            p = TestPerson(name='p1')
             p.save()
-            o = TestOrganization( name='o1' )
+            o = TestOrganization(name='o1')
             o.save()
 
             o.owner = p
             p.name = 'p2'
 
-            self.assertEqual( o._get_changed_fields(), [ 'owner' ] )
+            self.assertEqual(o._get_changed_fields(), ['owner'])
-            self.assertEqual( p._get_changed_fields(), [ 'name' ] )
+            self.assertEqual(p._get_changed_fields(), ['name'])
 
             o.save()
 
-            self.assertEqual( o._get_changed_fields(), [] )
+            self.assertEqual(o._get_changed_fields(), [])
-            self.assertEqual( p._get_changed_fields(), [ 'name' ] ) # Fails; it's empty
+            self.assertEqual(p._get_changed_fields(), ['name'])  # Fails; it's empty
 
             # This will do NOTHING at all, even though we changed the name
             p.save()
 
             p.reload()
 
-            self.assertEqual( p.name, 'p2' ) # Fails; it's still `p1`
+            self.assertEqual(p.name, 'p2')  # Fails; it's still `p1`
 
     def test_upsert(self):
         self.Person.drop_collection()
@@ -680,12 +680,20 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_upsert_one(self):
         self.Person.drop_collection()
 
-        self.Person.objects(name="Bob", age=30).update_one(upsert=True)
+        bob = self.Person.objects(name="Bob", age=30).upsert_one()
 
-        bob = self.Person.objects.first()
         self.assertEqual("Bob", bob.name)
         self.assertEqual(30, bob.age)
 
+        bob.name = "Bobby"
+        bob.save()
+
+        bobby = self.Person.objects(name="Bobby", age=30).upsert_one()
+
+        self.assertEqual("Bobby", bobby.name)
+        self.assertEqual(30, bobby.age)
+        self.assertEqual(bob.id, bobby.id)
+
     def test_set_on_insert(self):
         self.Person.drop_collection()
 
@@ -1104,24 +1112,29 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         blog_2.save()
         blog_3.save()
 
-        blog_post_1 = BlogPost(blog=blog_1, title="Blog Post #1",
+        BlogPost.objects.create(
-                               is_published=True,
+            blog=blog_1,
-                               published_date=datetime(2010, 1, 5, 0, 0, 0))
+            title="Blog Post #1",
-        blog_post_2 = BlogPost(blog=blog_2, title="Blog Post #2",
+            is_published=True,
-                               is_published=True,
+            published_date=datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 5, 0, 0, 0)
-                               published_date=datetime(2010, 1, 6, 0, 0, 0))
+        )
-        blog_post_3 = BlogPost(blog=blog_3, title="Blog Post #3",
+        BlogPost.objects.create(
-                               is_published=True,
+            blog=blog_2,
-                               published_date=datetime(2010, 1, 7, 0, 0, 0))
+            title="Blog Post #2",
-
+            is_published=True,
-        blog_post_1.save()
+            published_date=datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 6, 0, 0, 0)
-        blog_post_2.save()
+        )
-        blog_post_3.save()
+        BlogPost.objects.create(
+            blog=blog_3,
+            title="Blog Post #3",
+            is_published=True,
+            published_date=datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 7, 0, 0, 0)
+        )
 
         # find all published blog posts before 2010-01-07
         published_posts = BlogPost.published()
         published_posts = published_posts.filter(
-            published_date__lt=datetime(2010, 1, 7, 0, 0, 0))
+            published_date__lt=datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 7, 0, 0, 0))
         self.assertEqual(published_posts.count(), 2)
 
         blog_posts = BlogPost.objects
@@ -1152,16 +1165,18 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
 
-        blog_post_1 = BlogPost(title="Blog Post #1",
+        blog_post_1 = BlogPost.objects.create(
-                               published_date=datetime(2010, 1, 5, 0, 0, 0))
+            title="Blog Post #1",
-        blog_post_2 = BlogPost(title="Blog Post #2",
+            published_date=datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 5, 0, 0, 0)
-                               published_date=datetime(2010, 1, 6, 0, 0, 0))
+        )
-        blog_post_3 = BlogPost(title="Blog Post #3",
+        blog_post_2 = BlogPost.objects.create(
-                               published_date=datetime(2010, 1, 7, 0, 0, 0))
+            title="Blog Post #2",
-
+            published_date=datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 6, 0, 0, 0)
-        blog_post_1.save()
+        )
-        blog_post_2.save()
+        blog_post_3 = BlogPost.objects.create(
-        blog_post_3.save()
+            title="Blog Post #3",
+            published_date=datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 7, 0, 0, 0)
+        )
 
         # get the "first" BlogPost using default ordering
         # from BlogPost.meta.ordering
@@ -1210,7 +1225,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
             }
 
         BlogPost.objects.create(
-            title='whatever', published_date=datetime.utcnow())
+            title='whatever', published_date=datetime.datetime.utcnow())
 
         with db_ops_tracker() as q:
             BlogPost.objects.get(title='whatever')
@@ -2073,18 +2088,22 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
 
-        blog_post_3 = BlogPost(title="Blog Post #3",
+        blog_post_3 = BlogPost.objects.create(
-                               published_date=datetime(2010, 1, 6, 0, 0, 0))
+            title="Blog Post #3",
-        blog_post_2 = BlogPost(title="Blog Post #2",
+            published_date=datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 6, 0, 0, 0)
-                               published_date=datetime(2010, 1, 5, 0, 0, 0))
+        )
-        blog_post_4 = BlogPost(title="Blog Post #4",
+        blog_post_2 = BlogPost.objects.create(
-                               published_date=datetime(2010, 1, 7, 0, 0, 0))
+            title="Blog Post #2",
-        blog_post_1 = BlogPost(title="Blog Post #1", published_date=None)
+            published_date=datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 5, 0, 0, 0)
-
+        )
-        blog_post_3.save()
+        blog_post_4 = BlogPost.objects.create(
-        blog_post_1.save()
+            title="Blog Post #4",
-        blog_post_4.save()
+            published_date=datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 7, 0, 0, 0)
-        blog_post_2.save()
+        )
+        blog_post_1 = BlogPost.objects.create(
+            title="Blog Post #1",
+            published_date=None
+        )
 
         expected = [blog_post_1, blog_post_2, blog_post_3, blog_post_4]
         self.assertSequence(BlogPost.objects.order_by('published_date'),
@@ -2103,16 +2122,18 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
 
-        blog_post_1 = BlogPost(title="A",
+        blog_post_1 = BlogPost.objects.create(
-                               published_date=datetime(2010, 1, 6, 0, 0, 0))
+            title="A",
-        blog_post_2 = BlogPost(title="B",
+            published_date=datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 6, 0, 0, 0)
-                               published_date=datetime(2010, 1, 6, 0, 0, 0))
+        )
-        blog_post_3 = BlogPost(title="C",
+        blog_post_2 = BlogPost.objects.create(
-                               published_date=datetime(2010, 1, 7, 0, 0, 0))
+            title="B",
-
+            published_date=datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 6, 0, 0, 0)
-        blog_post_2.save()
+        )
-        blog_post_3.save()
+        blog_post_3 = BlogPost.objects.create(
-        blog_post_1.save()
+            title="C",
+            published_date=datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 7, 0, 0, 0)
+        )
 
         qs = BlogPost.objects.order_by('published_date', 'title')
         expected = [blog_post_1, blog_post_2, blog_post_3]
@@ -2416,7 +2437,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         Link.drop_collection()
 
-        now = datetime.utcnow()
+        now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
 
         # Note: Test data taken from a custom Reddit homepage on
         # Fri, 12 Feb 2010 14:36:00 -0600. Link ordering should
@@ -2425,27 +2446,27 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         Link(title="Google Buzz auto-followed a woman's abusive ex ...",
              up_votes=1079,
              down_votes=553,
-             submitted=now - timedelta(hours=4)).save()
+             submitted=now - datetime.timedelta(hours=4)).save()
         Link(title="We did it! Barbie is a computer engineer.",
              up_votes=481,
              down_votes=124,
-             submitted=now - timedelta(hours=2)).save()
+             submitted=now - datetime.timedelta(hours=2)).save()
         Link(title="This Is A Mosquito Getting Killed By A Laser",
              up_votes=1446,
              down_votes=530,
-             submitted=now - timedelta(hours=13)).save()
+             submitted=now - datetime.timedelta(hours=13)).save()
         Link(title="Arabic flashcards land physics student in jail.",
              up_votes=215,
              down_votes=105,
-             submitted=now - timedelta(hours=6)).save()
+             submitted=now - datetime.timedelta(hours=6)).save()
         Link(title="The Burger Lab: Presenting, the Flood Burger",
              up_votes=48,
              down_votes=17,
-             submitted=now - timedelta(hours=5)).save()
+             submitted=now - datetime.timedelta(hours=5)).save()
         Link(title="How to see polarization with the naked eye",
              up_votes=74,
              down_votes=13,
-             submitted=now - timedelta(hours=10)).save()
+             submitted=now - datetime.timedelta(hours=10)).save()
 
         map_f = """
             function() {
@@ -2495,7 +2516,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # provide the reddit epoch (used for ranking) as a variable available
         # to all phases of the map/reduce operation: map, reduce, and finalize.
-        reddit_epoch = mktime(datetime(2005, 12, 8, 7, 46, 43).timetuple())
+        reddit_epoch = mktime(datetime.datetime(2005, 12, 8, 7, 46, 43).timetuple())
         scope = {'reddit_epoch': reddit_epoch}
 
         # run a map/reduce operation across all links. ordering is set
@@ -2757,25 +2778,15 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         avg = float(sum(ages)) / (len(ages) + 1)  # take into account the 0
         self.assertAlmostEqual(int(self.Person.objects.average('age')), avg)
-        self.assertAlmostEqual(
-            int(self.Person.objects.aggregate_average('age')), avg
-        )
 
         self.Person(name='ageless person').save()
         self.assertEqual(int(self.Person.objects.average('age')), avg)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            int(self.Person.objects.aggregate_average('age')), avg
-        )
 
         # dot notation
         self.Person(
             name='person meta', person_meta=self.PersonMeta(weight=0)).save()
         self.assertAlmostEqual(
             int(self.Person.objects.average('person_meta.weight')), 0)
-        self.assertAlmostEqual(
-            int(self.Person.objects.aggregate_average('person_meta.weight')),
-            0
-        )
 
         for i, weight in enumerate(ages):
             self.Person(
@@ -2784,19 +2795,11 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertAlmostEqual(
             int(self.Person.objects.average('person_meta.weight')), avg
         )
-        self.assertAlmostEqual(
-            int(self.Person.objects.aggregate_average('person_meta.weight')),
-            avg
-        )
 
         self.Person(name='test meta none').save()
         self.assertEqual(
             int(self.Person.objects.average('person_meta.weight')), avg
         )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            int(self.Person.objects.aggregate_average('person_meta.weight')),
-            avg
-        )
 
         # test summing over a filtered queryset
         over_50 = [a for a in ages if a >= 50]
@@ -2805,10 +2808,6 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.Person.objects.filter(age__gte=50).average('age'),
             avg
         )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            self.Person.objects.filter(age__gte=50).aggregate_average('age'),
-            avg
-        )
 
     def test_sum(self):
         """Ensure that field can be summed over correctly.
@@ -2818,15 +2817,9 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.Person(name='test%s' % i, age=age).save()
 
         self.assertEqual(self.Person.objects.sum('age'), sum(ages))
-        self.assertEqual(
-            self.Person.objects.aggregate_sum('age'), sum(ages)
-        )
 
         self.Person(name='ageless person').save()
         self.assertEqual(self.Person.objects.sum('age'), sum(ages))
-        self.assertEqual(
-            self.Person.objects.aggregate_sum('age'), sum(ages)
-        )
 
         for i, age in enumerate(ages):
             self.Person(name='test meta%s' %
@@ -2835,26 +2828,43 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(
             self.Person.objects.sum('person_meta.weight'), sum(ages)
         )
-        self.assertEqual(
-            self.Person.objects.aggregate_sum('person_meta.weight'),
-            sum(ages)
-        )
 
         self.Person(name='weightless person').save()
         self.assertEqual(self.Person.objects.sum('age'), sum(ages))
-        self.assertEqual(
-            self.Person.objects.aggregate_sum('age'), sum(ages)
-        )
 
         # test summing over a filtered queryset
         self.assertEqual(
             self.Person.objects.filter(age__gte=50).sum('age'),
             sum([a for a in ages if a >= 50])
         )
-        self.assertEqual(
+
-            self.Person.objects.filter(age__gte=50).aggregate_sum('age'),
+    def test_sum_over_db_field(self):
-            sum([a for a in ages if a >= 50])
+        """Ensure that a field mapped to a db field with a different name
-        )
+        can be summed over correctly.
+        """
+        class UserVisit(Document):
+            num_visits = IntField(db_field='visits')
+
+        UserVisit.drop_collection()
+
+        UserVisit.objects.create(num_visits=10)
+        UserVisit.objects.create(num_visits=5)
+
+        self.assertEqual(UserVisit.objects.sum('num_visits'), 15)
+
+    def test_average_over_db_field(self):
+        """Ensure that a field mapped to a db field with a different name
+        can have its average computed correctly.
+        """
+        class UserVisit(Document):
+            num_visits = IntField(db_field='visits')
+
+        UserVisit.drop_collection()
+
+        UserVisit.objects.create(num_visits=20)
+        UserVisit.objects.create(num_visits=10)
+
+        self.assertEqual(UserVisit.objects.average('num_visits'), 15)
 
     def test_embedded_average(self):
         class Pay(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -2867,21 +2877,12 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         Doc.drop_collection()
 
-        Doc(name=u"Wilson Junior",
+        Doc(name='Wilson Junior', pay=Pay(value=150)).save()
-            pay=Pay(value=150)).save()
+        Doc(name='Isabella Luanna', pay=Pay(value=530)).save()
+        Doc(name='Tayza mariana', pay=Pay(value=165)).save()
+        Doc(name='Eliana Costa', pay=Pay(value=115)).save()
 
-        Doc(name=u"Isabella Luanna",
+        self.assertEqual(Doc.objects.average('pay.value'), 240)
-            pay=Pay(value=530)).save()
-
-        Doc(name=u"Tayza mariana",
-            pay=Pay(value=165)).save()
-
-        Doc(name=u"Eliana Costa",
-            pay=Pay(value=115)).save()
-
-        self.assertEqual(
-            Doc.objects.average('pay.value'),
-            240)
 
     def test_embedded_array_average(self):
         class Pay(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -2889,26 +2890,16 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         class Doc(Document):
             name = StringField()
-            pay = EmbeddedDocumentField(
+            pay = EmbeddedDocumentField(Pay)
-                Pay)
 
         Doc.drop_collection()
 
-        Doc(name=u"Wilson Junior",
+        Doc(name='Wilson Junior', pay=Pay(values=[150, 100])).save()
-            pay=Pay(values=[150, 100])).save()
+        Doc(name='Isabella Luanna', pay=Pay(values=[530, 100])).save()
+        Doc(name='Tayza mariana', pay=Pay(values=[165, 100])).save()
+        Doc(name='Eliana Costa', pay=Pay(values=[115, 100])).save()
 
-        Doc(name=u"Isabella Luanna",
+        self.assertEqual(Doc.objects.average('pay.values'), 170)
-            pay=Pay(values=[530, 100])).save()
-
-        Doc(name=u"Tayza mariana",
-            pay=Pay(values=[165, 100])).save()
-
-        Doc(name=u"Eliana Costa",
-            pay=Pay(values=[115, 100])).save()
-
-        self.assertEqual(
-            Doc.objects.average('pay.values'),
-            170)
 
     def test_array_average(self):
         class Doc(Document):
@@ -2921,9 +2912,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         Doc(values=[165, 100]).save()
         Doc(values=[115, 100]).save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        self.assertEqual(Doc.objects.average('values'), 170)
-            Doc.objects.average('values'),
-            170)
 
     def test_embedded_sum(self):
         class Pay(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -2931,26 +2920,16 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         class Doc(Document):
             name = StringField()
-            pay = EmbeddedDocumentField(
+            pay = EmbeddedDocumentField(Pay)
-                Pay)
 
         Doc.drop_collection()
 
-        Doc(name=u"Wilson Junior",
+        Doc(name='Wilson Junior', pay=Pay(value=150)).save()
-            pay=Pay(value=150)).save()
+        Doc(name='Isabella Luanna', pay=Pay(value=530)).save()
+        Doc(name='Tayza mariana', pay=Pay(value=165)).save()
+        Doc(name='Eliana Costa', pay=Pay(value=115)).save()
 
-        Doc(name=u"Isabella Luanna",
+        self.assertEqual(Doc.objects.sum('pay.value'), 960)
-            pay=Pay(value=530)).save()
-
-        Doc(name=u"Tayza mariana",
-            pay=Pay(value=165)).save()
-
-        Doc(name=u"Eliana Costa",
-            pay=Pay(value=115)).save()
-
-        self.assertEqual(
-            Doc.objects.sum('pay.value'),
-            960)
 
     def test_embedded_array_sum(self):
         class Pay(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -2958,26 +2937,16 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         class Doc(Document):
             name = StringField()
-            pay = EmbeddedDocumentField(
+            pay = EmbeddedDocumentField(Pay)
-                Pay)
 
         Doc.drop_collection()
 
-        Doc(name=u"Wilson Junior",
+        Doc(name='Wilson Junior', pay=Pay(values=[150, 100])).save()
-            pay=Pay(values=[150, 100])).save()
+        Doc(name='Isabella Luanna', pay=Pay(values=[530, 100])).save()
+        Doc(name='Tayza mariana', pay=Pay(values=[165, 100])).save()
+        Doc(name='Eliana Costa', pay=Pay(values=[115, 100])).save()
 
-        Doc(name=u"Isabella Luanna",
+        self.assertEqual(Doc.objects.sum('pay.values'), 1360)
-            pay=Pay(values=[530, 100])).save()
-
-        Doc(name=u"Tayza mariana",
-            pay=Pay(values=[165, 100])).save()
-
-        Doc(name=u"Eliana Costa",
-            pay=Pay(values=[115, 100])).save()
-
-        self.assertEqual(
-            Doc.objects.sum('pay.values'),
-            1360)
 
     def test_array_sum(self):
         class Doc(Document):
@@ -2990,9 +2959,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         Doc(values=[165, 100]).save()
         Doc(values=[115, 100]).save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(
+        self.assertEqual(Doc.objects.sum('values'), 1360)
-            Doc.objects.sum('values'),
-            1360)
 
     def test_distinct(self):
         """Ensure that the QuerySet.distinct method works.
@@ -3169,13 +3136,11 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         mark_twain = Author(name="Mark Twain")
         john_tolkien = Author(name="John Ronald Reuel Tolkien")
 
-        book = Book(title="Tom Sawyer", authors=[mark_twain]).save()
+        Book.objects.create(title="Tom Sawyer", authors=[mark_twain])
-        book = Book(
+        Book.objects.create(title="The Lord of the Rings", authors=[john_tolkien])
-            title="The Lord of the Rings", authors=[john_tolkien]).save()
+        Book.objects.create(title="The Stories", authors=[mark_twain, john_tolkien])
-        book = Book(
-            title="The Stories", authors=[mark_twain, john_tolkien]).save()
-        authors = Book.objects.distinct("authors")
 
+        authors = Book.objects.distinct("authors")
         self.assertEqual(authors, [mark_twain, john_tolkien])
 
     def test_distinct_ListField_EmbeddedDocumentField_EmbeddedDocumentField(self):
@@ -3205,17 +3170,14 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         mark_twain = Author(name="Mark Twain", country=scotland)
         john_tolkien = Author(name="John Ronald Reuel Tolkien", country=tibet)
 
-        book = Book(title="Tom Sawyer", authors=[mark_twain]).save()
+        Book.objects.create(title="Tom Sawyer", authors=[mark_twain])
-        book = Book(
+        Book.objects.create(title="The Lord of the Rings", authors=[john_tolkien])
-            title="The Lord of the Rings", authors=[john_tolkien]).save()
+        Book.objects.create(title="The Stories", authors=[mark_twain, john_tolkien])
-        book = Book(
-            title="The Stories", authors=[mark_twain, john_tolkien]).save()
-        country_list = Book.objects.distinct("authors.country")
 
+        country_list = Book.objects.distinct("authors.country")
         self.assertEqual(country_list, [scotland, tibet])
 
         continent_list = Book.objects.distinct("authors.country.continent")
-
         self.assertEqual(continent_list, [europe, asia])
 
     def test_distinct_ListField_ReferenceField(self):
@@ -3247,7 +3209,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         class BlogPost(Document):
             tags = ListField(StringField())
             deleted = BooleanField(default=False)
-            date = DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
+            date = DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now)
 
             @queryset_manager
             def objects(cls, qryset):
@@ -3604,6 +3566,15 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(MyDoc.objects.count(), 10)
         self.assertEqual(MyDoc.objects.none().count(), 0)
 
+    def test_count_list_embedded(self):
+        class B(EmbeddedDocument):
+            c = StringField()
+
+        class A(Document):
+            b = ListField(EmbeddedDocumentField(B))
+
+        self.assertEqual(A.objects(b=[{'c': 'c'}]).count(), 0)
+
     def test_call_after_limits_set(self):
         """Ensure that re-filtering after slicing works
         """
@@ -4061,14 +4032,14 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(
             "A0", "%s" % self.Person.objects.scalar('name').order_by('name')[0])
         if PY3:
-            self.assertEqual(
+            self.assertEqual("['A1', 'A2']", "%s" % self.Person.objects.order_by(
-                "['A1', 'A2']",  "%s" % self.Person.objects.order_by('age').scalar('name')[1:3])
+                'age').scalar('name')[1:3])
-            self.assertEqual("['A51', 'A52']",  "%s" % self.Person.objects.order_by(
+            self.assertEqual("['A51', 'A52']", "%s" % self.Person.objects.order_by(
                 'age').scalar('name')[51:53])
         else:
-            self.assertEqual("[u'A1', u'A2']",  "%s" % self.Person.objects.order_by(
+            self.assertEqual("[u'A1', u'A2']", "%s" % self.Person.objects.order_by(
                 'age').scalar('name')[1:3])
-            self.assertEqual("[u'A51', u'A52']",  "%s" % self.Person.objects.order_by(
+            self.assertEqual("[u'A51', u'A52']", "%s" % self.Person.objects.order_by(
                 'age').scalar('name')[51:53])
 
         # with_id and in_bulk
@@ -4077,12 +4048,12 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
                          self.Person.objects.scalar('name').with_id(person.id))
 
         pks = self.Person.objects.order_by('age').scalar('pk')[1:3]
+        names = self.Person.objects.scalar('name').in_bulk(list(pks)).values()
         if PY3:
-            self.assertEqual("['A1', 'A2']",  "%s" % sorted(
+            expected = "['A1', 'A2']"
-                self.Person.objects.scalar('name').in_bulk(list(pks)).values()))
         else:
-            self.assertEqual("[u'A1', u'A2']",  "%s" % sorted(
+            expected = "[u'A1', u'A2']"
-                self.Person.objects.scalar('name').in_bulk(list(pks)).values()))
+        self.assertEqual(expected, "%s" % sorted(names))
 
     def test_elem_match(self):
         class Foo(EmbeddedDocument):
@@ -4105,6 +4076,10 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
                       Foo(shape="circle", color="purple", thick=False)])
         b2.save()
 
+        b3 = Bar(foo=[Foo(shape="square", thick=True),
+                      Foo(shape="circle", color="purple", thick=False)])
+        b3.save()
+
         ak = list(
             Bar.objects(foo__match={'shape': "square", "color": "purple"}))
         self.assertEqual([b1], ak)
@@ -4124,6 +4099,13 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
             Bar.objects(foo__match={'shape': "square", "color__exists": True}))
         self.assertEqual([b1, b2], ak)
 
+        ak = list(
+            Bar.objects(foo__elemMatch={'shape': "square", "color__exists": False}))
+        self.assertEqual([b3], ak)
+
+        ak = list(
+            Bar.objects(foo__match={'shape': "square", "color__exists": False}))
+        self.assertEqual([b3], ak)
 
     def test_upsert_includes_cls(self):
         """Upserts should include _cls information for inheritable classes
@@ -4165,7 +4147,11 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_read_preference(self):
         class Bar(Document):
-            pass
+            txt = StringField()
+
+            meta = {
+                'indexes': ['txt']
+            }
 
         Bar.drop_collection()
         bars = list(Bar.objects(read_preference=ReadPreference.PRIMARY))
@@ -4177,9 +4163,51 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
             error_class = TypeError
         self.assertRaises(error_class, Bar.objects, read_preference='Primary')
 
+        # read_preference as a kwarg
         bars = Bar.objects(read_preference=ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
-        self.assertEqual(
+        self.assertEqual(bars._read_preference,
-            bars._read_preference, ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
+                         ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
+        self.assertEqual(bars._cursor._Cursor__read_preference,
+                         ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
+
+        # read_preference as a query set method
+        bars = Bar.objects.read_preference(ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
+        self.assertEqual(bars._read_preference,
+                         ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
+        self.assertEqual(bars._cursor._Cursor__read_preference,
+                         ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
+
+        # read_preference after skip
+        bars = Bar.objects.skip(1) \
+            .read_preference(ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
+        self.assertEqual(bars._read_preference,
+                         ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
+        self.assertEqual(bars._cursor._Cursor__read_preference,
+                         ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
+
+        # read_preference after limit
+        bars = Bar.objects.limit(1) \
+            .read_preference(ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
+        self.assertEqual(bars._read_preference,
+                         ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
+        self.assertEqual(bars._cursor._Cursor__read_preference,
+                         ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
+
+        # read_preference after order_by
+        bars = Bar.objects.order_by('txt') \
+            .read_preference(ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
+        self.assertEqual(bars._read_preference,
+                         ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
+        self.assertEqual(bars._cursor._Cursor__read_preference,
+                         ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
+
+        # read_preference after hint
+        bars = Bar.objects.hint([('txt', 1)]) \
+            .read_preference(ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
+        self.assertEqual(bars._read_preference,
+                         ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
+        self.assertEqual(bars._cursor._Cursor__read_preference,
+                         ReadPreference.SECONDARY_PREFERRED)
 
     def test_json_simple(self):
 
@@ -4215,7 +4243,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
             int_field = IntField(default=1)
             float_field = FloatField(default=1.1)
             boolean_field = BooleanField(default=True)
-            datetime_field = DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
+            datetime_field = DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now)
             embedded_document_field = EmbeddedDocumentField(
                 EmbeddedDoc, default=lambda: EmbeddedDoc())
             list_field = ListField(default=lambda: [1, 2, 3])
@@ -4225,7 +4253,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 Simple, default=lambda: Simple().save())
             map_field = MapField(IntField(), default=lambda: {"simple": 1})
             decimal_field = DecimalField(default=1.0)
-            complex_datetime_field = ComplexDateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
+            complex_datetime_field = ComplexDateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now)
             url_field = URLField(default="http://mongoengine.org")
             dynamic_field = DynamicField(default=1)
             generic_reference_field = GenericReferenceField(
@@ -4572,8 +4600,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         B.drop_collection()
 
         a = A.objects.create(id='custom_id')
-
+        B.objects.create(a=a)
-        b = B.objects.create(a=a)
 
         self.assertEqual(B.objects.count(), 1)
         self.assertEqual(B.objects.get(a=a).a, a)
@@ -4833,5 +4860,6 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(1, Doc.objects(item__type__="axe").count())
 
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

tests/queryset/transform.py

@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
-import sys
-sys.path[0:0] = [""]
-
 import unittest
 
 from mongoengine import *
-from mongoengine.queryset import Q
+from mongoengine.queryset import Q, transform
-from mongoengine.queryset import transform
 
 __all__ = ("TransformTest",)
 
@@ -41,8 +37,8 @@ class TransformTest(unittest.TestCase):
         DicDoc.drop_collection()
         Doc.drop_collection()
 
+        DicDoc().save()
         doc = Doc().save()
-        dic_doc = DicDoc().save()
 
         for k, v in (("set", "$set"), ("set_on_insert", "$setOnInsert"), ("push", "$push")):
             update = transform.update(DicDoc, **{"%s__dictField__test" % k: doc})
@@ -55,7 +51,6 @@ class TransformTest(unittest.TestCase):
         update = transform.update(DicDoc, pull__dictField__test=doc)
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(update["$pull"]["dictField"]["test"], dict))
 
-
     def test_query_field_name(self):
         """Ensure that the correct field name is used when querying.
         """
@@ -156,26 +151,33 @@ class TransformTest(unittest.TestCase):
         class Doc(Document):
             meta = {'allow_inheritance': False}
 
-        raw_query = Doc.objects(__raw__={'deleted': False,
+        raw_query = Doc.objects(__raw__={
-                                'scraped': 'yes',
+            'deleted': False,
-                                '$nor': [{'views.extracted': 'no'},
+            'scraped': 'yes',
-                                         {'attachments.views.extracted':'no'}]
+            '$nor': [
-                                })._query
+                {'views.extracted': 'no'},
+                {'attachments.views.extracted': 'no'}
+            ]
+        })._query
 
-        expected = {'deleted': False, 'scraped': 'yes',
+        self.assertEqual(raw_query, {
-                    '$nor': [{'views.extracted': 'no'},
+            'deleted': False,
-                             {'attachments.views.extracted': 'no'}]}
+            'scraped': 'yes',
-        self.assertEqual(expected, raw_query)
+            '$nor': [
+                {'views.extracted': 'no'},
+                {'attachments.views.extracted': 'no'}
+            ]
+        })
 
     def test_geojson_PointField(self):
         class Location(Document):
             loc = PointField()
 
         update = transform.update(Location, set__loc=[1, 2])
-        self.assertEqual(update, {'$set': {'loc': {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1,2]}}})
+        self.assertEqual(update, {'$set': {'loc': {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1, 2]}}})
 
-        update = transform.update(Location, set__loc={"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1,2]})
+        update = transform.update(Location, set__loc={"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1, 2]})
-        self.assertEqual(update, {'$set': {'loc': {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1,2]}}})
+        self.assertEqual(update, {'$set': {'loc': {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1, 2]}}})
 
     def test_geojson_LineStringField(self):
         class Location(Document):
@@ -224,6 +226,10 @@ class TransformTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(1, Doc.objects(item__type__="axe").count())
         self.assertEqual(1, Doc.objects(item__name__="Heroic axe").count())
 
+        Doc.objects(id=doc.id).update(set__item__type__='sword')
+        self.assertEqual(1, Doc.objects(item__type__="sword").count())
+        self.assertEqual(0, Doc.objects(item__type__="axe").count())
+
     def test_understandable_error_raised(self):
         class Event(Document):
             title = StringField()
@@ -234,5 +240,6 @@ class TransformTest(unittest.TestCase):
         events = Event.objects(location__within=box)
         self.assertRaises(InvalidQueryError, lambda: events.count())
 
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

tests/queryset/visitor.py

@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
-import sys
+import datetime
-sys.path[0:0] = [""]
+import re
-
 import unittest
 
 from bson import ObjectId
-from datetime import datetime
 
 from mongoengine import *
-from mongoengine.queryset import Q
 from mongoengine.errors import InvalidQueryError
+from mongoengine.queryset import Q
 
 __all__ = ("QTest",)
 
@@ -132,12 +130,12 @@ class QTest(unittest.TestCase):
         TestDoc(x=10).save()
         TestDoc(y=True).save()
 
-        self.assertEqual(query,
+        self.assertEqual(query, {
-        {'$and': [
+            '$and': [
-            {'$or': [{'x': {'$gt': 0}}, {'x': {'$exists': False}}]},
+                {'$or': [{'x': {'$gt': 0}}, {'x': {'$exists': False}}]},
-            {'$or': [{'x': {'$lt': 100}}, {'y': True}]}
+                {'$or': [{'x': {'$lt': 100}}, {'y': True}]}
-        ]})
+            ]
-
+        })
         self.assertEqual(2, TestDoc.objects(q1 & q2).count())
 
     def test_or_and_or_combination(self):
@@ -157,15 +155,14 @@ class QTest(unittest.TestCase):
         q2 = (Q(x__lt=100) & (Q(y=False) | Q(y__exists=False)))
         query = (q1 | q2).to_query(TestDoc)
 
-        self.assertEqual(query,
+        self.assertEqual(query, {
-            {'$or': [
+            '$or': [
                 {'$and': [{'x': {'$gt': 0}},
                           {'$or': [{'y': True}, {'y': {'$exists': False}}]}]},
                 {'$and': [{'x': {'$lt': 100}},
                           {'$or': [{'y': False}, {'y': {'$exists': False}}]}]}
-            ]}
+            ]
-        )
+        })
-
         self.assertEqual(2, TestDoc.objects(q1 | q2).count())
 
     def test_multiple_occurence_in_field(self):
@@ -215,19 +212,19 @@ class QTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
 
-        post1 = BlogPost(title='Test 1', publish_date=datetime(2010, 1, 8), published=False)
+        post1 = BlogPost(title='Test 1', publish_date=datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 8), published=False)
         post1.save()
 
-        post2 = BlogPost(title='Test 2', publish_date=datetime(2010, 1, 15), published=True)
+        post2 = BlogPost(title='Test 2', publish_date=datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 15), published=True)
         post2.save()
 
         post3 = BlogPost(title='Test 3', published=True)
         post3.save()
 
-        post4 = BlogPost(title='Test 4', publish_date=datetime(2010, 1, 8))
+        post4 = BlogPost(title='Test 4', publish_date=datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 8))
         post4.save()
 
-        post5 = BlogPost(title='Test 1', publish_date=datetime(2010, 1, 15))
+        post5 = BlogPost(title='Test 1', publish_date=datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 15))
         post5.save()
 
         post6 = BlogPost(title='Test 1', published=False)
@@ -250,7 +247,7 @@ class QTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(all(obj.id in posts for obj in published_posts))
 
         # Check Q object combination
-        date = datetime(2010, 1, 10)
+        date = datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 10)
         q = BlogPost.objects(Q(publish_date__lte=date) | Q(published=True))
         posts = [post.id for post in q]
 
@@ -273,8 +270,10 @@ class QTest(unittest.TestCase):
         # Test invalid query objs
         def wrong_query_objs():
             self.Person.objects('user1')
+
         def wrong_query_objs_filter():
             self.Person.objects('user1')
+
         self.assertRaises(InvalidQueryError, wrong_query_objs)
         self.assertRaises(InvalidQueryError, wrong_query_objs_filter)
 
@@ -284,7 +283,6 @@ class QTest(unittest.TestCase):
         person = self.Person(name='Guido van Rossum')
         person.save()
 
-        import re
         obj = self.Person.objects(Q(name=re.compile('^Gui'))).first()
         self.assertEqual(obj, person)
         obj = self.Person.objects(Q(name=re.compile('^gui'))).first()

tests/test_connection.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ try:
     import unittest2 as unittest
 except ImportError:
     import unittest
+from nose.plugins.skip import SkipTest
 
 import pymongo
 from bson.tz_util import utc
@@ -51,6 +52,76 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         conn = get_connection('testdb')
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient))
 
+    def test_connect_in_mocking(self):
+        """Ensure that the connect() method works properly in mocking.
+        """
+        try:
+            import mongomock
+        except ImportError:
+            raise SkipTest('you need mongomock installed to run this testcase')
+
+        connect('mongoenginetest', host='mongomock://localhost')
+        conn = get_connection()
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+
+        connect('mongoenginetest2', host='mongomock://localhost', alias='testdb2')
+        conn = get_connection('testdb2')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+
+        connect('mongoenginetest3', host='mongodb://localhost', is_mock=True, alias='testdb3')
+        conn = get_connection('testdb3')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+
+        connect('mongoenginetest4', is_mock=True, alias='testdb4')
+        conn = get_connection('testdb4')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+
+        connect(host='mongodb://localhost:27017/mongoenginetest5', is_mock=True, alias='testdb5')
+        conn = get_connection('testdb5')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+
+        connect(host='mongomock://localhost:27017/mongoenginetest6', alias='testdb6')
+        conn = get_connection('testdb6')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+
+        connect(host='mongomock://localhost:27017/mongoenginetest7', is_mock=True, alias='testdb7')
+        conn = get_connection('testdb7')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+
+    def test_connect_with_host_list(self):
+        """Ensure that the connect() method works when host is a list
+
+        Uses mongomock to test w/o needing multiple mongod/mongos processes
+        """
+        try:
+            import mongomock
+        except ImportError:
+            raise SkipTest('you need mongomock installed to run this testcase')
+
+        connect(host=['mongomock://localhost'])
+        conn = get_connection()
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+
+        connect(host=['mongodb://localhost'], is_mock=True,  alias='testdb2')
+        conn = get_connection('testdb2')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+
+        connect(host=['localhost'], is_mock=True,  alias='testdb3')
+        conn = get_connection('testdb3')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+
+        connect(host=['mongomock://localhost:27017', 'mongomock://localhost:27018'], alias='testdb4')
+        conn = get_connection('testdb4')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+
+        connect(host=['mongodb://localhost:27017', 'mongodb://localhost:27018'], is_mock=True,  alias='testdb5')
+        conn = get_connection('testdb5')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+
+        connect(host=['localhost:27017', 'localhost:27018'], is_mock=True,  alias='testdb6')
+        conn = get_connection('testdb6')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient))
+
     def test_disconnect(self):
         """Ensure that the disconnect() method works properly
         """
@@ -151,7 +222,7 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertRaises(ConnectionError, get_db, 'test1')
 
         # Authentication succeeds with "authSource"
-        test_conn2 = connect(
+        connect(
             'mongoenginetest', alias='test2',
             host=('mongodb://username2:password@localhost/'
                   'mongoenginetest?authSource=admin')

tests/test_dereference.py

@@ -12,9 +12,13 @@ from mongoengine.context_managers import query_counter
 
 class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
+    @classmethod
-        connect(db='mongoenginetest')
+    def setUpClass(cls):
-        self.db = get_db()
+        cls.db = connect(db='mongoenginetest')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def tearDownClass(cls):
+        cls.db.drop_database('mongoenginetest')
 
     def test_list_item_dereference(self):
         """Ensure that DBRef items in ListFields are dereferenced.
@@ -304,6 +308,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         User.drop_collection()
         Post.drop_collection()
+        SimpleList.drop_collection()
 
         u1 = User.objects.create(name='u1')
         u2 = User.objects.create(name='u2')

tests/test_signals.py

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
         connect(db='mongoenginetest')
 
         class Author(Document):
+            # Make the id deterministic for easier testing
+            id = SequenceField(primary_key=True)
             name = StringField()
 
             def __unicode__(self):
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
             @classmethod
             def pre_init(cls, sender, document, *args, **kwargs):
                 signal_output.append('pre_init signal, %s' % cls.__name__)
-                signal_output.append(str(kwargs['values']))
+                signal_output.append(kwargs['values'])
 
             @classmethod
             def post_init(cls, sender, document, **kwargs):
@@ -43,48 +45,55 @@ class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
             @classmethod
             def pre_save(cls, sender, document, **kwargs):
                 signal_output.append('pre_save signal, %s' % document)
+                signal_output.append(kwargs)
 
             @classmethod
             def pre_save_post_validation(cls, sender, document, **kwargs):
                 signal_output.append('pre_save_post_validation signal, %s' % document)
-                if 'created' in kwargs:
+                if kwargs.pop('created', False):
-                    if kwargs['created']:
+                    signal_output.append('Is created')
-                        signal_output.append('Is created')
+                else:
-                    else:
+                    signal_output.append('Is updated')
-                        signal_output.append('Is updated')
+                signal_output.append(kwargs)
 
             @classmethod
             def post_save(cls, sender, document, **kwargs):
                 dirty_keys = document._delta()[0].keys() + document._delta()[1].keys()
                 signal_output.append('post_save signal, %s' % document)
                 signal_output.append('post_save dirty keys, %s' % dirty_keys)
-                if 'created' in kwargs:
+                if kwargs.pop('created', False):
-                    if kwargs['created']:
+                    signal_output.append('Is created')
-                        signal_output.append('Is created')
+                else:
-                    else:
+                    signal_output.append('Is updated')
-                        signal_output.append('Is updated')
+                signal_output.append(kwargs)
 
             @classmethod
             def pre_delete(cls, sender, document, **kwargs):
                 signal_output.append('pre_delete signal, %s' % document)
+                signal_output.append(kwargs)
 
             @classmethod
             def post_delete(cls, sender, document, **kwargs):
                 signal_output.append('post_delete signal, %s' % document)
+                signal_output.append(kwargs)
 
             @classmethod
             def pre_bulk_insert(cls, sender, documents, **kwargs):
                 signal_output.append('pre_bulk_insert signal, %s' % documents)
+                signal_output.append(kwargs)
 
             @classmethod
             def post_bulk_insert(cls, sender, documents, **kwargs):
                 signal_output.append('post_bulk_insert signal, %s' % documents)
-                if kwargs.get('loaded', False):
+                if kwargs.pop('loaded', False):
                     signal_output.append('Is loaded')
                 else:
                     signal_output.append('Not loaded')
+                signal_output.append(kwargs)
+
         self.Author = Author
         Author.drop_collection()
+        Author.id.set_next_value(0)
 
         class Another(Document):
 
@@ -96,10 +105,12 @@ class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
             @classmethod
             def pre_delete(cls, sender, document, **kwargs):
                 signal_output.append('pre_delete signal, %s' % document)
+                signal_output.append(kwargs)
 
             @classmethod
             def post_delete(cls, sender, document, **kwargs):
                 signal_output.append('post_delete signal, %s' % document)
+                signal_output.append(kwargs)
 
         self.Another = Another
         Another.drop_collection()
@@ -118,6 +129,41 @@ class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.ExplicitId = ExplicitId
         ExplicitId.drop_collection()
 
+        class Post(Document):
+            title = StringField()
+            content = StringField()
+            active = BooleanField(default=False)
+
+            def __unicode__(self):
+                return self.title
+
+            @classmethod
+            def pre_bulk_insert(cls, sender, documents, **kwargs):
+                signal_output.append('pre_bulk_insert signal, %s' %
+                                     [(doc, {'active': documents[n].active})
+                                      for n, doc in enumerate(documents)])
+
+                # make changes here, this is just an example -
+                # it could be anything that needs pre-validation or looks-ups before bulk bulk inserting
+                for document in documents:
+                    if not document.active:
+                        document.active = True
+                signal_output.append(kwargs)
+
+            @classmethod
+            def post_bulk_insert(cls, sender, documents, **kwargs):
+                signal_output.append('post_bulk_insert signal, %s' %
+                                     [(doc, {'active': documents[n].active})
+                                      for n, doc in enumerate(documents)])
+                if kwargs.pop('loaded', False):
+                    signal_output.append('Is loaded')
+                else:
+                    signal_output.append('Not loaded')
+                signal_output.append(kwargs)
+
+        self.Post = Post
+        Post.drop_collection()
+
         # Save up the number of connected signals so that we can check at the
         # end that all the signals we register get properly unregistered
         self.pre_signals = (
@@ -147,6 +193,9 @@ class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
         signals.post_save.connect(ExplicitId.post_save, sender=ExplicitId)
 
+        signals.pre_bulk_insert.connect(Post.pre_bulk_insert, sender=Post)
+        signals.post_bulk_insert.connect(Post.post_bulk_insert, sender=Post)
+
     def tearDown(self):
         signals.pre_init.disconnect(self.Author.pre_init)
         signals.post_init.disconnect(self.Author.post_init)
@@ -163,6 +212,9 @@ class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
 
         signals.post_save.disconnect(self.ExplicitId.post_save)
 
+        signals.pre_bulk_insert.disconnect(self.Post.pre_bulk_insert)
+        signals.post_bulk_insert.disconnect(self.Post.post_bulk_insert)
+
         # Check that all our signals got disconnected properly.
         post_signals = (
             len(signals.pre_init.receivers),
@@ -199,66 +251,121 @@ class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
             a.save()
             self.get_signal_output(lambda: None) # eliminate signal output
             a1 = self.Author.objects(name='Bill Shakespeare')[0]
-        
+
         self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(create_author), [
             "pre_init signal, Author",
-            "{'name': 'Bill Shakespeare'}",
+            {'name': 'Bill Shakespeare'},
             "post_init signal, Bill Shakespeare, document._created = True",
         ])
 
         a1 = self.Author(name='Bill Shakespeare')
         self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(a1.save), [
             "pre_save signal, Bill Shakespeare",
+            {},
             "pre_save_post_validation signal, Bill Shakespeare",
             "Is created",
+            {},
             "post_save signal, Bill Shakespeare",
             "post_save dirty keys, ['name']",
-            "Is created"
+            "Is created",
+            {}
         ])
 
         a1.reload()
         a1.name = 'William Shakespeare'
         self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(a1.save), [
             "pre_save signal, William Shakespeare",
+            {},
             "pre_save_post_validation signal, William Shakespeare",
             "Is updated",
+            {},
             "post_save signal, William Shakespeare",
             "post_save dirty keys, ['name']",
-            "Is updated"
+            "Is updated",
+            {}
         ])
 
         self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(a1.delete), [
             'pre_delete signal, William Shakespeare',
+            {},
             'post_delete signal, William Shakespeare',
+            {}
         ])
 
-        signal_output = self.get_signal_output(load_existing_author)
+        self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(load_existing_author), [
-        # test signal_output lines separately, because of random ObjectID after object load
-        self.assertEqual(signal_output[0],
             "pre_init signal, Author",
-        )
+            {'id': 2, 'name': 'Bill Shakespeare'},
-        self.assertEqual(signal_output[2],
+            "post_init signal, Bill Shakespeare, document._created = False"
-            "post_init signal, Bill Shakespeare, document._created = False",
+        ])
-        )
 
-
+        self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(bulk_create_author_with_load), [
-        signal_output = self.get_signal_output(bulk_create_author_with_load)
+            'pre_init signal, Author',
-
+            {'name': 'Bill Shakespeare'},
-        # The output of this signal is not entirely deterministic. The reloaded
+            'post_init signal, Bill Shakespeare, document._created = True',
-        # object will have an object ID. Hence, we only check part of the output
+            'pre_bulk_insert signal, [<Author: Bill Shakespeare>]',
-        self.assertEqual(signal_output[3], "pre_bulk_insert signal, [<Author: Bill Shakespeare>]"
+            {},
-        )
+            'pre_init signal, Author',
-        self.assertEqual(signal_output[-2:],
+            {'id': 3, 'name': 'Bill Shakespeare'},
-            ["post_bulk_insert signal, [<Author: Bill Shakespeare>]",
+            'post_init signal, Bill Shakespeare, document._created = False',
-             "Is loaded",])
+            'post_bulk_insert signal, [<Author: Bill Shakespeare>]',
+            'Is loaded',
+            {}
+        ])
 
         self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(bulk_create_author_without_load), [
             "pre_init signal, Author",
-            "{'name': 'Bill Shakespeare'}",
+            {'name': 'Bill Shakespeare'},
             "post_init signal, Bill Shakespeare, document._created = True",
             "pre_bulk_insert signal, [<Author: Bill Shakespeare>]",
+            {},
             "post_bulk_insert signal, [<Author: Bill Shakespeare>]",
             "Not loaded",
+            {}
+        ])
+
+    def test_signal_kwargs(self):
+        """ Make sure signal_kwargs is passed to signals calls. """
+
+        def live_and_let_die():
+            a = self.Author(name='Bill Shakespeare')
+            a.save(signal_kwargs={'live': True, 'die': False})
+            a.delete(signal_kwargs={'live': False, 'die': True})
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(live_and_let_die), [
+            "pre_init signal, Author",
+            {'name': 'Bill Shakespeare'},
+            "post_init signal, Bill Shakespeare, document._created = True",
+            "pre_save signal, Bill Shakespeare",
+            {'die': False, 'live': True},
+            "pre_save_post_validation signal, Bill Shakespeare",
+            "Is created",
+            {'die': False, 'live': True},
+            "post_save signal, Bill Shakespeare",
+            "post_save dirty keys, ['name']",
+            "Is created",
+            {'die': False, 'live': True},
+            'pre_delete signal, Bill Shakespeare',
+            {'die': True, 'live': False},
+            'post_delete signal, Bill Shakespeare',
+            {'die': True, 'live': False}
+        ])
+
+        def bulk_create_author():
+            a1 = self.Author(name='Bill Shakespeare')
+            self.Author.objects.insert([a1], signal_kwargs={'key': True})
+
+        self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(bulk_create_author), [
+            'pre_init signal, Author',
+            {'name': 'Bill Shakespeare'},
+            'post_init signal, Bill Shakespeare, document._created = True',
+            'pre_bulk_insert signal, [<Author: Bill Shakespeare>]',
+            {'key': True},
+            'pre_init signal, Author',
+            {'id': 2, 'name': 'Bill Shakespeare'},
+            'post_init signal, Bill Shakespeare, document._created = False',
+            'post_bulk_insert signal, [<Author: Bill Shakespeare>]',
+            'Is loaded',
+            {'key': True}
         ])
 
     def test_queryset_delete_signals(self):
@@ -267,7 +374,9 @@ class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.Another(name='Bill Shakespeare').save()
         self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(self.Another.objects.delete), [
             'pre_delete signal, Bill Shakespeare',
+            {},
             'post_delete signal, Bill Shakespeare',
+            {}
         ])
 
     def test_signals_with_explicit_doc_ids(self):
@@ -306,6 +415,23 @@ class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
         ei.switch_db("testdb-1", keep_created=False)
         self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(ei.save), ['Is created'])
 
+    def test_signals_bulk_insert(self):
+        def bulk_set_active_post():
+            posts = [
+                self.Post(title='Post 1'),
+                self.Post(title='Post 2'),
+                self.Post(title='Post 3')
+            ]
+            self.Post.objects.insert(posts)
+
+        results = self.get_signal_output(bulk_set_active_post)
+        self.assertEqual(results, [
+            "pre_bulk_insert signal, [(<Post: Post 1>, {'active': False}), (<Post: Post 2>, {'active': False}), (<Post: Post 3>, {'active': False})]",
+            {},
+            "post_bulk_insert signal, [(<Post: Post 1>, {'active': True}), (<Post: Post 2>, {'active': True}), (<Post: Post 3>, {'active': True})]",
+            'Is loaded',
+            {}
+        ])
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

tox.ini

@@ -1,14 +1,22 @@
 [tox]
-envlist = {py26,py27,py32,py33,py34,py35,pypy,pypy3}-{mg27,mg28}
+envlist = {py26,py27,py33,py34,py35,pypy,pypy3}-{mg27,mg28},flake8
-#envlist = {py26,py27,py32,py33,py34,pypy,pypy3}-{mg27,mg28,mg30,mgdev}
 
 [testenv]
 commands =
     python setup.py nosetests {posargs}
 deps =
     nose
-    rednose
     mg27: PyMongo<2.8
     mg28: PyMongo>=2.8,<3.0
     mg30: PyMongo>=3.0
     mgdev: https://github.com/mongodb/mongo-python-driver/tarball/master
+setenv =
+    PYTHON_EGG_CACHE = {envdir}/python-eggs
+passenv = windir
+
+[testenv:flake8]
+deps =
+    flake8
+    flake8-import-order
+commands =
+   flake8