Merge pull request #2014 from MongoEngine/draft_v017

Bump version 0.17.0

.install_mongodb_on_travis.sh

@@ -19,8 +19,14 @@ elif [ "$MONGODB" = "3.2" ]; then
     sudo apt-get update
     sudo apt-get install mongodb-org-server=3.2.20
     # service should be started automatically
+elif [ "$MONGODB" = "3.4" ]; then
+    sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv 0C49F3730359A14518585931BC711F9BA15703C6
+    echo "deb http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu trusty/mongodb-org/3.4 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-3.4.list
+    sudo apt-get update
+    sudo apt-get install mongodb-org-server=3.4.17
+    # service should be started automatically
 else
-    echo "Invalid MongoDB version, expected 2.6, 3.0, or 3.2"
+    echo "Invalid MongoDB version, expected 2.6, 3.0, 3.2 or 3.4."
     exit 1
 fi;
 

.travis.yml

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #   v3.5, v3.6, PyPy, and PyMongo v3.x.
 # * MongoDB v3.0 & v3.2 are tested against Python v2.7, v3.5 & v3.6
 #   and Pymongo v3.5 & v3.x
+# * MongoDB v3.4 is tested against v3.6 and Pymongo v3.x
 # Reminder: Update README.rst if you change MongoDB versions we test.
 
 language: python
@@ -26,16 +27,14 @@ matrix:
   include:
   - python: 2.7
     env: MONGODB=3.0 PYMONGO=3.5
-  - python: 2.7
-    env: MONGODB=3.2 PYMONGO=3.x
-  - python: 3.5
-    env: MONGODB=3.0 PYMONGO=3.5
   - python: 3.5
     env: MONGODB=3.2 PYMONGO=3.x
   - python: 3.6
     env: MONGODB=3.0 PYMONGO=3.5
   - python: 3.6
     env: MONGODB=3.2 PYMONGO=3.x
+  - python: 3.6
+    env: MONGODB=3.4 PYMONGO=3.x
 
 before_install:
 - bash .install_mongodb_on_travis.sh

AUTHORS

@@ -247,3 +247,5 @@ that much better:
  * Erdenezul Batmunkh (https://github.com/erdenezul)
  * Andy Yankovsky (https://github.com/werat)
  * Bastien Gérard (https://github.com/bagerard)
+ * Trevor Hall (https://github.com/tjhall13)
+ * Gleb Voropaev (https://github.com/buggyspace)

README.rst

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ an `API reference <https://mongoengine-odm.readthedocs.io/apireference.html>`_.
 
 Supported MongoDB Versions
 ==========================
-MongoEngine is currently tested against MongoDB v2.6, v3.0 and v3.2. Future
+MongoEngine is currently tested against MongoDB v2.6, v3.0, v3.2 and v3.4. Future
 versions should be supported as well, but aren't actively tested at the moment.
 Make sure to open an issue or submit a pull request if you experience any
 problems with MongoDB v3.4+.
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Installation
 We recommend the use of `virtualenv <https://virtualenv.pypa.io/>`_ and of
 `pip <https://pip.pypa.io/>`_. You can then use ``pip install -U mongoengine``.
 You may also have `setuptools <http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/setuptools>`_
-and thus you can use ``easy_install -U mongoengine``. Another option is 
+and thus you can use ``easy_install -U mongoengine``. Another option is
 `pipenv <https://docs.pipenv.org/>`_. You can then use ``pipenv install mongoengine``
 to both create the virtual environment and install the package. Otherwise, you can
 download the source from `GitHub <http://github.com/MongoEngine/mongoengine>`_ and

docs/changelog.rst

@@ -6,6 +6,21 @@ Development
 ===========
 - (Fill this out as you fix issues and develop your features).
 
+Changes in 0.17.0
+=================
+- Fix .only() working improperly after using .count() of the same instance of QuerySet
+- Fix batch_size that was not copied when cloning a queryset object #2011
+- POTENTIAL BREAKING CHANGE: All result fields are now passed, including internal fields (_cls, _id) when using `QuerySet.as_pymongo` #1976
+- Document a BREAKING CHANGE introduced in 0.15.3 and not reported at that time (#1995)
+- Fix InvalidStringData error when using modify on a BinaryField #1127
+- DEPRECATION: `EmbeddedDocument.save` & `.reload` are marked as deprecated and will be removed in a next version of mongoengine #1552
+- Fix test suite and CI to support MongoDB 3.4 #1445
+
+=================
+Changes in 0.16.3
+=================
+- Fix $push with $position operator not working with lists in embedded document #1965
+
 =================
 Changes in 0.16.2
 =================
@@ -57,6 +72,7 @@ Changes in 0.16.0
 
 Changes in 0.15.3
 =================
+-  BREAKING CHANGES: `Queryset.update/update_one` methods now returns an UpdateResult when `full_result=True` is provided and no longer a dict (relates to #1491)
 -  Subfield resolve error in generic_emdedded_document query #1651 #1652
 -  use each modifier only with $position #1673 #1675
 -  Improve LazyReferenceField and GenericLazyReferenceField with nested fields #1704

docs/guide/defining-documents.rst

@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ are as follows:
 * :class:`~mongoengine.fields.ImageField`
 * :class:`~mongoengine.fields.IntField`
 * :class:`~mongoengine.fields.ListField`
+* :class:`~mongoengine.fields.LongField`
 * :class:`~mongoengine.fields.MapField`
 * :class:`~mongoengine.fields.ObjectIdField`
 * :class:`~mongoengine.fields.ReferenceField`
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ arguments can be set on all fields:
     An iterable (e.g. list, tuple or set) of choices to which the value of this
     field should be limited.
 
-    Can be either be a nested tuples of value (stored in mongo) and a
+    Can either be nested tuples of value (stored in mongo) and a
     human readable key ::
 
         SIZE = (('S', 'Small'),

mongoengine/__init__.py

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ __all__ = (list(document.__all__) + list(fields.__all__) +
            list(signals.__all__) + list(errors.__all__))
 
 
-VERSION = (0, 16, 2)
+VERSION = (0, 17, 0)
 
 
 def get_version():

mongoengine/base/datastructures.py

@@ -2,11 +2,30 @@ import weakref
 
 from bson import DBRef
 import six
+from six import iteritems
 
 from mongoengine.common import _import_class
 from mongoengine.errors import DoesNotExist, MultipleObjectsReturned
 
-__all__ = ('BaseDict', 'BaseList', 'EmbeddedDocumentList', 'LazyReference')
+__all__ = ('BaseDict', 'StrictDict', 'BaseList', 'EmbeddedDocumentList', 'LazyReference')
+
+
+def mark_as_changed_wrapper(parent_method):
+    """Decorators that ensures _mark_as_changed method gets called"""
+    def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        result = parent_method(self, *args, **kwargs)   # Can't use super() in the decorator
+        self._mark_as_changed()
+        return result
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def mark_key_as_changed_wrapper(parent_method):
+    """Decorators that ensures _mark_as_changed method gets called with the key argument"""
+    def wrapper(self, key, *args, **kwargs):
+        result = parent_method(self, key, *args, **kwargs)   # Can't use super() in the decorator
+        self._mark_as_changed(key)
+        return result
+    return wrapper
 
 
 class BaseDict(dict):
@@ -24,7 +43,14 @@ class BaseDict(dict):
         self._name = name
         super(BaseDict, self).__init__(dict_items)
 
-    def __getitem__(self, key, *args, **kwargs):
+    def get(self, key, default=None):
+        # get does not use __getitem__ by default so we must override it as well
+        try:
+            return self.__getitem__(key)
+        except KeyError:
+            return default
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
         value = super(BaseDict, self).__getitem__(key)
 
         EmbeddedDocument = _import_class('EmbeddedDocument')
@@ -40,22 +66,6 @@ class BaseDict(dict):
             value._instance = self._instance
         return value
 
-    def __setitem__(self, key, value, *args, **kwargs):
-        self._mark_as_changed(key)
-        return super(BaseDict, self).__setitem__(key, value)
-
-    def __delete__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self._mark_as_changed()
-        return super(BaseDict, self).__delete__(*args, **kwargs)
-
-    def __delitem__(self, key, *args, **kwargs):
-        self._mark_as_changed(key)
-        return super(BaseDict, self).__delitem__(key)
-
-    def __delattr__(self, key, *args, **kwargs):
-        self._mark_as_changed(key)
-        return super(BaseDict, self).__delattr__(key)
-
     def __getstate__(self):
         self.instance = None
         self._dereferenced = False
@@ -65,25 +75,14 @@ class BaseDict(dict):
         self = state
         return self
 
-    def clear(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self._mark_as_changed()
-        return super(BaseDict, self).clear()
-
-    def pop(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self._mark_as_changed()
-        return super(BaseDict, self).pop(*args, **kwargs)
-
-    def popitem(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self._mark_as_changed()
-        return super(BaseDict, self).popitem()
-
-    def setdefault(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self._mark_as_changed()
-        return super(BaseDict, self).setdefault(*args, **kwargs)
-
-    def update(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self._mark_as_changed()
-        return super(BaseDict, self).update(*args, **kwargs)
+    __setitem__ = mark_key_as_changed_wrapper(dict.__setitem__)
+    __delattr__ = mark_key_as_changed_wrapper(dict.__delattr__)
+    __delitem__ = mark_key_as_changed_wrapper(dict.__delitem__)
+    pop = mark_as_changed_wrapper(dict.pop)
+    clear = mark_as_changed_wrapper(dict.clear)
+    update = mark_as_changed_wrapper(dict.update)
+    popitem = mark_as_changed_wrapper(dict.popitem)
+    setdefault = mark_as_changed_wrapper(dict.setdefault)
 
     def _mark_as_changed(self, key=None):
         if hasattr(self._instance, '_mark_as_changed'):
@@ -108,17 +107,24 @@ class BaseList(list):
         self._name = name
         super(BaseList, self).__init__(list_items)
 
-    def __getitem__(self, key, *args, **kwargs):
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
         value = super(BaseList, self).__getitem__(key)
 
+        if isinstance(key, slice):
+            # When receiving a slice operator, we don't convert the structure and bind
+            # to parent's instance. This is buggy for now but would require more work to be handled properly
+            return value
+
         EmbeddedDocument = _import_class('EmbeddedDocument')
         if isinstance(value, EmbeddedDocument) and value._instance is None:
             value._instance = self._instance
         elif isinstance(value, dict) and not isinstance(value, BaseDict):
+            # Replace dict by BaseDict
             value = BaseDict(value, None, '%s.%s' % (self._name, key))
             super(BaseList, self).__setitem__(key, value)
             value._instance = self._instance
         elif isinstance(value, list) and not isinstance(value, BaseList):
+            # Replace list by BaseList
             value = BaseList(value, None, '%s.%s' % (self._name, key))
             super(BaseList, self).__setitem__(key, value)
             value._instance = self._instance
@@ -128,25 +134,6 @@ class BaseList(list):
         for v in super(BaseList, self).__iter__():
             yield v
 
-    def __setitem__(self, key, value, *args, **kwargs):
-        if isinstance(key, slice):
-            self._mark_as_changed()
-        else:
-            self._mark_as_changed(key)
-        return super(BaseList, self).__setitem__(key, value)
-
-    def __delitem__(self, key):
-        self._mark_as_changed()
-        return super(BaseList, self).__delitem__(key)
-
-    def __setslice__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self._mark_as_changed()
-        return super(BaseList, self).__setslice__(*args, **kwargs)
-
-    def __delslice__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self._mark_as_changed()
-        return super(BaseList, self).__delslice__(*args, **kwargs)
-
     def __getstate__(self):
         self.instance = None
         self._dereferenced = False
@@ -156,41 +143,40 @@ class BaseList(list):
         self = state
         return self
 
-    def __iadd__(self, other):
-        self._mark_as_changed()
-        return super(BaseList, self).__iadd__(other)
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        changed_key = key
+        if isinstance(key, slice):
+            # In case of slice, we don't bother to identify the exact elements being updated
+            # instead, we simply marks the whole list as changed
+            changed_key = None
 
-    def __imul__(self, other):
-        self._mark_as_changed()
-        return super(BaseList, self).__imul__(other)
+        result = super(BaseList, self).__setitem__(key, value)
+        self._mark_as_changed(changed_key)
+        return result
 
-    def append(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self._mark_as_changed()
-        return super(BaseList, self).append(*args, **kwargs)
+    append = mark_as_changed_wrapper(list.append)
+    extend = mark_as_changed_wrapper(list.extend)
+    insert = mark_as_changed_wrapper(list.insert)
+    pop = mark_as_changed_wrapper(list.pop)
+    remove = mark_as_changed_wrapper(list.remove)
+    reverse = mark_as_changed_wrapper(list.reverse)
+    sort = mark_as_changed_wrapper(list.sort)
+    __delitem__ = mark_as_changed_wrapper(list.__delitem__)
+    __iadd__ = mark_as_changed_wrapper(list.__iadd__)
+    __imul__ = mark_as_changed_wrapper(list.__imul__)
 
-    def extend(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self._mark_as_changed()
-        return super(BaseList, self).extend(*args, **kwargs)
+    if six.PY2:
+        # Under py3 __setslice__, __delslice__ and __getslice__
+        # are replaced by __setitem__, __delitem__ and __getitem__ with a slice as parameter
+        # so we mimic this under python 2
+        def __setslice__(self, i, j, sequence):
+            return self.__setitem__(slice(i, j), sequence)
 
-    def insert(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self._mark_as_changed()
-        return super(BaseList, self).insert(*args, **kwargs)
+        def __delslice__(self, i, j):
+            return self.__delitem__(slice(i, j))
 
-    def pop(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self._mark_as_changed()
-        return super(BaseList, self).pop(*args, **kwargs)
-
-    def remove(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self._mark_as_changed()
-        return super(BaseList, self).remove(*args, **kwargs)
-
-    def reverse(self):
-        self._mark_as_changed()
-        return super(BaseList, self).reverse()
-
-    def sort(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self._mark_as_changed()
-        return super(BaseList, self).sort(*args, **kwargs)
+        def __getslice__(self, i, j):
+            return self.__getitem__(slice(i, j))
 
     def _mark_as_changed(self, key=None):
         if hasattr(self._instance, '_mark_as_changed'):
@@ -204,6 +190,10 @@ class BaseList(list):
 
 class EmbeddedDocumentList(BaseList):
 
+    def __init__(self, list_items, instance, name):
+        super(EmbeddedDocumentList, self).__init__(list_items, instance, name)
+        self._instance = instance
+
     @classmethod
     def __match_all(cls, embedded_doc, kwargs):
         """Return True if a given embedded doc matches all the filter
@@ -222,10 +212,6 @@ class EmbeddedDocumentList(BaseList):
             return embedded_docs
         return [doc for doc in embedded_docs if cls.__match_all(doc, kwargs)]
 
-    def __init__(self, list_items, instance, name):
-        super(EmbeddedDocumentList, self).__init__(list_items, instance, name)
-        self._instance = instance
-
     def filter(self, **kwargs):
         """
         Filters the list by only including embedded documents with the
@@ -378,7 +364,7 @@ class StrictDict(object):
     _classes = {}
 
     def __init__(self, **kwargs):
-        for k, v in kwargs.iteritems():
+        for k, v in iteritems(kwargs):
             setattr(self, k, v)
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
@@ -426,7 +412,7 @@ class StrictDict(object):
         return (key for key in self.__slots__ if hasattr(self, key))
 
     def __len__(self):
-        return len(list(self.iteritems()))
+        return len(list(iteritems(self)))
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
         return self.items() == other.items()

mongoengine/base/document.py

@@ -2,11 +2,10 @@ import copy
 import numbers
 from functools import partial
 
-from bson import ObjectId, json_util
-from bson.dbref import DBRef
-from bson.son import SON
+from bson import DBRef, ObjectId, SON, json_util
 import pymongo
 import six
+from six import iteritems
 
 from mongoengine import signals
 from mongoengine.base.common import get_document
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
         self._dynamic_fields = SON()
 
         # Assign default values to instance
-        for key, field in self._fields.iteritems():
+        for key, field in iteritems(self._fields):
             if self._db_field_map.get(key, key) in __only_fields:
                 continue
             value = getattr(self, key, None)
@@ -97,14 +96,14 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
         # Set passed values after initialisation
         if self._dynamic:
             dynamic_data = {}
-            for key, value in values.iteritems():
+            for key, value in iteritems(values):
                 if key in self._fields or key == '_id':
                     setattr(self, key, value)
                 else:
                     dynamic_data[key] = value
         else:
             FileField = _import_class('FileField')
-            for key, value in values.iteritems():
+            for key, value in iteritems(values):
                 key = self._reverse_db_field_map.get(key, key)
                 if key in self._fields or key in ('id', 'pk', '_cls'):
                     if __auto_convert and value is not None:
@@ -120,7 +119,7 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
 
         if self._dynamic:
             self._dynamic_lock = False
-            for key, value in dynamic_data.iteritems():
+            for key, value in iteritems(dynamic_data):
                 setattr(self, key, value)
 
         # Flag initialised
@@ -515,7 +514,7 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
         if not hasattr(data, 'items'):
             iterator = enumerate(data)
         else:
-            iterator = data.iteritems()
+            iterator = iteritems(data)
 
         for index_or_key, value in iterator:
             item_key = '%s%s.' % (base_key, index_or_key)
@@ -680,7 +679,7 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
         # Convert SON to a data dict, making sure each key is a string and
         # corresponds to the right db field.
         data = {}
-        for key, value in son.iteritems():
+        for key, value in iteritems(son):
             key = str(key)
             key = cls._db_field_map.get(key, key)
             data[key] = value
@@ -696,7 +695,7 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
         if not _auto_dereference:
             fields = copy.deepcopy(fields)
 
-        for field_name, field in fields.iteritems():
+        for field_name, field in iteritems(fields):
             field._auto_dereference = _auto_dereference
             if field.db_field in data:
                 value = data[field.db_field]
@@ -717,7 +716,7 @@ class BaseDocument(object):
 
         # In STRICT documents, remove any keys that aren't in cls._fields
         if cls.STRICT:
-            data = {k: v for k, v in data.iteritems() if k in cls._fields}
+            data = {k: v for k, v in iteritems(data) if k in cls._fields}
 
         obj = cls(__auto_convert=False, _created=created, __only_fields=only_fields, **data)
         obj._changed_fields = changed_fields

mongoengine/base/fields.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import weakref
 from bson import DBRef, ObjectId, SON
 import pymongo
 import six
+from six import iteritems
 
 from mongoengine.base.common import UPDATE_OPERATORS
 from mongoengine.base.datastructures import (BaseDict, BaseList,
@@ -382,11 +383,11 @@ class ComplexBaseField(BaseField):
         if self.field:
             value_dict = {
                 key: self.field._to_mongo_safe_call(item, use_db_field, fields)
-                for key, item in value.iteritems()
+                for key, item in iteritems(value)
             }
         else:
             value_dict = {}
-            for k, v in value.iteritems():
+            for k, v in iteritems(value):
                 if isinstance(v, Document):
                     # We need the id from the saved object to create the DBRef
                     if v.pk is None:
@@ -423,7 +424,7 @@ class ComplexBaseField(BaseField):
         errors = {}
         if self.field:
             if hasattr(value, 'iteritems') or hasattr(value, 'items'):
-                sequence = value.iteritems()
+                sequence = iteritems(value)
             else:
                 sequence = enumerate(value)
             for k, v in sequence:

mongoengine/base/metaclasses.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import warnings
 
 import six
+from six import iteritems, itervalues
 
 from mongoengine.base.common import _document_registry
 from mongoengine.base.fields import BaseField, ComplexBaseField, ObjectIdField
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ class DocumentMetaclass(type):
             # Standard object mixin - merge in any Fields
             if not hasattr(base, '_meta'):
                 base_fields = {}
-                for attr_name, attr_value in base.__dict__.iteritems():
+                for attr_name, attr_value in iteritems(base.__dict__):
                     if not isinstance(attr_value, BaseField):
                         continue
                     attr_value.name = attr_name
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ class DocumentMetaclass(type):
 
         # Discover any document fields
         field_names = {}
-        for attr_name, attr_value in attrs.iteritems():
+        for attr_name, attr_value in iteritems(attrs):
             if not isinstance(attr_value, BaseField):
                 continue
             attr_value.name = attr_name
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ class DocumentMetaclass(type):
 
         attrs['_fields_ordered'] = tuple(i[1] for i in sorted(
                                          (v.creation_counter, v.name)
-                                         for v in doc_fields.itervalues()))
+                                         for v in itervalues(doc_fields)))
 
         #
         # Set document hierarchy
@@ -173,7 +174,7 @@ class DocumentMetaclass(type):
                         f.__dict__.update({'im_self': getattr(f, '__self__')})
 
         # Handle delete rules
-        for field in new_class._fields.itervalues():
+        for field in itervalues(new_class._fields):
             f = field
             if f.owner_document is None:
                 f.owner_document = new_class
@@ -375,7 +376,7 @@ class TopLevelDocumentMetaclass(DocumentMetaclass):
             new_class.objects = QuerySetManager()
 
         # Validate the fields and set primary key if needed
-        for field_name, field in new_class._fields.iteritems():
+        for field_name, field in iteritems(new_class._fields):
             if field.primary_key:
                 # Ensure only one primary key is set
                 current_pk = new_class._meta.get('id_field')
@@ -438,7 +439,7 @@ class MetaDict(dict):
     _merge_options = ('indexes',)
 
     def merge(self, new_options):
-        for k, v in new_options.iteritems():
+        for k, v in iteritems(new_options):
             if k in self._merge_options:
                 self[k] = self.get(k, []) + v
             else:

mongoengine/connection.py

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 from pymongo import MongoClient, ReadPreference, uri_parser
 import six
 
-from mongoengine.python_support import IS_PYMONGO_3
+from mongoengine.pymongo_support import IS_PYMONGO_3
 
 __all__ = ['MongoEngineConnectionError', 'connect', 'register_connection',
-           'DEFAULT_CONNECTION_NAME']
+           'DEFAULT_CONNECTION_NAME', 'get_db']
 
 
 DEFAULT_CONNECTION_NAME = 'default'

mongoengine/context_managers.py

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 from contextlib import contextmanager
+
 from pymongo.write_concern import WriteConcern
+from six import iteritems
+
 from mongoengine.common import _import_class
 from mongoengine.connection import DEFAULT_CONNECTION_NAME, get_db
-
+from mongoengine.pymongo_support import count_documents
 
 __all__ = ('switch_db', 'switch_collection', 'no_dereference',
            'no_sub_classes', 'query_counter', 'set_write_concern')
@@ -112,7 +115,7 @@ class no_dereference(object):
         GenericReferenceField = _import_class('GenericReferenceField')
         ComplexBaseField = _import_class('ComplexBaseField')
 
-        self.deref_fields = [k for k, v in self.cls._fields.iteritems()
+        self.deref_fields = [k for k, v in iteritems(self.cls._fields)
                              if isinstance(v, (ReferenceField,
                                                GenericReferenceField,
                                                ComplexBaseField))]
@@ -235,7 +238,7 @@ class query_counter(object):
         and substracting the queries issued by this context. In fact everytime this is called, 1 query is
         issued so we need to balance that
         """
-        count = self.db.system.profile.find(self._ignored_query).count() - self._ctx_query_counter
+        count = count_documents(self.db.system.profile, self._ignored_query) - self._ctx_query_counter
         self._ctx_query_counter += 1    # Account for the query we just issued to gather the information
         return count
 

mongoengine/dereference.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from bson import DBRef, SON
 import six
+from six import iteritems
 
 from mongoengine.base import (BaseDict, BaseList, EmbeddedDocumentList,
                               TopLevelDocumentMetaclass, get_document)
@@ -52,26 +53,40 @@ class DeReference(object):
                         [i.__class__ == doc_type for i in items.values()]):
                     return items
                 elif not field.dbref:
+                    # We must turn the ObjectIds into DBRefs
+
+                    # Recursively dig into the sub items of a list/dict
+                    # to turn the ObjectIds into DBRefs
+                    def _get_items_from_list(items):
+                        new_items = []
+                        for v in items:
+                            value = v
+                            if isinstance(v, dict):
+                                value = _get_items_from_dict(v)
+                            elif isinstance(v, list):
+                                value = _get_items_from_list(v)
+                            elif not isinstance(v, (DBRef, Document)):
+                                value = field.to_python(v)
+                            new_items.append(value)
+                        return new_items
+
+                    def _get_items_from_dict(items):
+                        new_items = {}
+                        for k, v in iteritems(items):
+                            value = v
+                            if isinstance(v, list):
+                                value = _get_items_from_list(v)
+                            elif isinstance(v, dict):
+                                value = _get_items_from_dict(v)
+                            elif not isinstance(v, (DBRef, Document)):
+                                value = field.to_python(v)
+                            new_items[k] = value
+                        return new_items
+
                     if not hasattr(items, 'items'):
-
-                        def _get_items(items):
-                            new_items = []
-                            for v in items:
-                                if isinstance(v, list):
-                                    new_items.append(_get_items(v))
-                                elif not isinstance(v, (DBRef, Document)):
-                                    new_items.append(field.to_python(v))
-                                else:
-                                    new_items.append(v)
-                            return new_items
-
-                        items = _get_items(items)
+                        items = _get_items_from_list(items)
                     else:
-                        items = {
-                            k: (v if isinstance(v, (DBRef, Document))
-                                else field.to_python(v))
-                            for k, v in items.iteritems()
-                        }
+                        items = _get_items_from_dict(items)
 
         self.reference_map = self._find_references(items)
         self.object_map = self._fetch_objects(doc_type=doc_type)
@@ -98,7 +113,7 @@ class DeReference(object):
         depth += 1
         for item in iterator:
             if isinstance(item, (Document, EmbeddedDocument)):
-                for field_name, field in item._fields.iteritems():
+                for field_name, field in iteritems(item._fields):
                     v = item._data.get(field_name, None)
                     if isinstance(v, LazyReference):
                         # LazyReference inherits DBRef but should not be dereferenced here !
@@ -110,7 +125,7 @@ class DeReference(object):
                     elif isinstance(v, (dict, list, tuple)) and depth <= self.max_depth:
                         field_cls = getattr(getattr(field, 'field', None), 'document_type', None)
                         references = self._find_references(v, depth)
-                        for key, refs in references.iteritems():
+                        for key, refs in iteritems(references):
                             if isinstance(field_cls, (Document, TopLevelDocumentMetaclass)):
                                 key = field_cls
                             reference_map.setdefault(key, set()).update(refs)
@@ -123,7 +138,7 @@ class DeReference(object):
                 reference_map.setdefault(get_document(item['_cls']), set()).add(item['_ref'].id)
             elif isinstance(item, (dict, list, tuple)) and depth - 1 <= self.max_depth:
                 references = self._find_references(item, depth - 1)
-                for key, refs in references.iteritems():
+                for key, refs in iteritems(references):
                     reference_map.setdefault(key, set()).update(refs)
 
         return reference_map
@@ -132,7 +147,7 @@ class DeReference(object):
         """Fetch all references and convert to their document objects
         """
         object_map = {}
-        for collection, dbrefs in self.reference_map.iteritems():
+        for collection, dbrefs in iteritems(self.reference_map):
 
             # we use getattr instead of hasattr because hasattr swallows any exception under python2
             # so it could hide nasty things without raising exceptions (cfr bug #1688))
@@ -143,7 +158,7 @@ class DeReference(object):
                 refs = [dbref for dbref in dbrefs
                         if (col_name, dbref) not in object_map]
                 references = collection.objects.in_bulk(refs)
-                for key, doc in references.iteritems():
+                for key, doc in iteritems(references):
                     object_map[(col_name, key)] = doc
             else:  # Generic reference: use the refs data to convert to document
                 if isinstance(doc_type, (ListField, DictField, MapField)):
@@ -215,7 +230,7 @@ class DeReference(object):
             data = []
         else:
             is_list = False
-            iterator = items.iteritems()
+            iterator = iteritems(items)
             data = {}
 
         depth += 1

mongoengine/document.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from bson.dbref import DBRef
 import pymongo
 from pymongo.read_preferences import ReadPreference
 import six
+from six import iteritems
 
 from mongoengine import signals
 from mongoengine.base import (BaseDict, BaseDocument, BaseList,
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ from mongoengine.context_managers import (set_write_concern,
                                           switch_db)
 from mongoengine.errors import (InvalidDocumentError, InvalidQueryError,
                                 SaveConditionError)
-from mongoengine.python_support import IS_PYMONGO_3
+from mongoengine.pymongo_support import IS_PYMONGO_3, list_collection_names
 from mongoengine.queryset import (NotUniqueError, OperationError,
                                   QuerySet, transform)
 
@@ -90,9 +91,15 @@ class EmbeddedDocument(six.with_metaclass(DocumentMetaclass, BaseDocument)):
         return data
 
     def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        warnings.warn("EmbeddedDocument.save is deprecated and will be removed in a next version of mongoengine."
+                      "Use the parent document's .save() or ._instance.save()",
+                      DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
         self._instance.save(*args, **kwargs)
 
     def reload(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        warnings.warn("EmbeddedDocument.reload is deprecated and will be removed in a next version of mongoengine."
+                      "Use the parent document's .reload() or ._instance.reload()",
+                      DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
         self._instance.reload(*args, **kwargs)
 
 
@@ -221,7 +228,7 @@ class Document(six.with_metaclass(TopLevelDocumentMetaclass, BaseDocument)):
 
         # If the collection already exists and has different options
         # (i.e. isn't capped or has different max/size), raise an error.
-        if collection_name in db.collection_names():
+        if collection_name in list_collection_names(db, include_system_collections=True):
             collection = db[collection_name]
             options = collection.options()
             if (
@@ -607,7 +614,7 @@ class Document(six.with_metaclass(TopLevelDocumentMetaclass, BaseDocument)):
 
         # Delete FileFields separately
         FileField = _import_class('FileField')
-        for name, field in self._fields.iteritems():
+        for name, field in iteritems(self._fields):
             if isinstance(field, FileField):
                 getattr(self, name).delete()
 
@@ -1016,7 +1023,7 @@ class DynamicDocument(six.with_metaclass(TopLevelDocumentMetaclass, Document)):
 
     .. note::
 
-        There is one caveat on Dynamic Documents: fields cannot start with `_`
+        There is one caveat on Dynamic Documents: undeclared fields cannot start with `_`
     """
 
     # The __metaclass__ attribute is removed by 2to3 when running with Python3

mongoengine/errors.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from collections import defaultdict
 
 import six
+from six import iteritems
 
 __all__ = ('NotRegistered', 'InvalidDocumentError', 'LookUpError',
            'DoesNotExist', 'MultipleObjectsReturned', 'InvalidQueryError',
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ class ValidationError(AssertionError):
                 return errors_dict
 
             if isinstance(source, dict):
-                for field_name, error in source.iteritems():
+                for field_name, error in iteritems(source):
                     errors_dict[field_name] = build_dict(error)
             elif isinstance(source, ValidationError) and source.errors:
                 return build_dict(source.errors)
@@ -135,12 +136,12 @@ class ValidationError(AssertionError):
                 value = ' '.join([generate_key(k) for k in value])
             elif isinstance(value, dict):
                 value = ' '.join(
-                    [generate_key(v, k) for k, v in value.iteritems()])
+                    [generate_key(v, k) for k, v in iteritems(value)])
 
             results = '%s.%s' % (prefix, value) if prefix else value
             return results
 
         error_dict = defaultdict(list)
-        for k, v in self.to_dict().iteritems():
+        for k, v in iteritems(self.to_dict()):
             error_dict[generate_key(v)].append(k)
-        return ' '.join(['%s: %s' % (k, v) for k, v in error_dict.iteritems()])
+        return ' '.join(['%s: %s' % (k, v) for k, v in iteritems(error_dict)])

mongoengine/fields.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from bson import Binary, DBRef, ObjectId, SON
 import gridfs
 import pymongo
 import six
+from six import iteritems
 
 try:
     import dateutil
@@ -794,12 +795,12 @@ class DynamicField(BaseField):
             value = {k: v for k, v in enumerate(value)}
 
         data = {}
-        for k, v in value.iteritems():
+        for k, v in iteritems(value):
             data[k] = self.to_mongo(v, use_db_field, fields)
 
         value = data
         if is_list:  # Convert back to a list
-            value = [v for k, v in sorted(data.iteritems(), key=itemgetter(0))]
+            value = [v for k, v in sorted(iteritems(data), key=itemgetter(0))]
         return value
 
     def to_python(self, value):
@@ -944,7 +945,7 @@ def key_has_dot_or_dollar(d):
     dictionary contains a dot or a dollar sign.
     """
     for k, v in d.items():
-        if ('.' in k or '$' in k) or (isinstance(v, dict) and key_has_dot_or_dollar(v)):
+        if ('.' in k or k.startswith('$')) or (isinstance(v, dict) and key_has_dot_or_dollar(v)):
             return True
 
 
@@ -977,7 +978,7 @@ class DictField(ComplexBaseField):
             self.error(msg)
         if key_has_dot_or_dollar(value):
             self.error('Invalid dictionary key name - keys may not contain "."'
-                       ' or "$" characters')
+                       ' or startswith "$" characters')
         super(DictField, self).validate(value)
 
     def lookup_member(self, member_name):
@@ -1483,6 +1484,12 @@ class BinaryField(BaseField):
         if self.max_bytes is not None and len(value) > self.max_bytes:
             self.error('Binary value is too long')
 
+    def prepare_query_value(self, op, value):
+        if value is None:
+            return value
+        return super(BinaryField, self).prepare_query_value(
+            op, self.to_mongo(value))
+
 
 class GridFSError(Exception):
     pass
@@ -2251,9 +2258,9 @@ class LazyReferenceField(BaseField):
         :param reverse_delete_rule: Determines what to do when the referring
           object is deleted
         :param passthrough: When trying to access unknown fields, the
-        :class:`~mongoengine.base.datastructure.LazyReference` instance will
-        automatically call `fetch()` and try to retrive the field on the fetched
-        document. Note this only work getting field (not setting or deleting).
+          :class:`~mongoengine.base.datastructure.LazyReference` instance will
+          automatically call `fetch()` and try to retrive the field on the fetched
+          document. Note this only work getting field (not setting or deleting).
         """
         # XXX ValidationError raised outside of the "validate" method.
         if (

mongoengine/mongodb_support.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+"""
+Helper functions, constants, and types to aid with MongoDB version support
+"""
+from mongoengine.connection import get_connection
+
+
+# Constant that can be used to compare the version retrieved with
+# get_mongodb_version()
+MONGODB_34 = (3, 4)
+MONGODB_32 = (3, 2)
+MONGODB_3 = (3, 0)
+MONGODB_26 = (2, 6)
+
+
+def get_mongodb_version():
+    """Return the version of the connected mongoDB (first 2 digits)
+
+    :return: tuple(int, int)
+    """
+    version_list = get_connection().server_info()['versionArray'][:2]     # e.g: (3, 2)
+    return tuple(version_list)

mongoengine/pymongo_support.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+"""
+Helper functions, constants, and types to aid with PyMongo v2.7 - v3.x support.
+"""
+import pymongo
+
+_PYMONGO_37 = (3, 7)
+
+PYMONGO_VERSION = tuple(pymongo.version_tuple[:2])
+
+IS_PYMONGO_3 = PYMONGO_VERSION[0] >= 3
+IS_PYMONGO_GTE_37 = PYMONGO_VERSION >= _PYMONGO_37
+
+
+def count_documents(collection, filter):
+    """Pymongo>3.7 deprecates count in favour of count_documents"""
+    if IS_PYMONGO_GTE_37:
+        return collection.count_documents(filter)
+    else:
+        count = collection.find(filter).count()
+    return count
+
+
+def list_collection_names(db, include_system_collections=False):
+    """Pymongo>3.7 deprecates collection_names in favour of list_collection_names"""
+    if IS_PYMONGO_GTE_37:
+        collections = db.list_collection_names()
+    else:
+        collections = db.collection_names()
+
+    if not include_system_collections:
+        collections = [c for c in collections if not c.startswith('system.')]
+
+    return collections

mongoengine/python_support.py

@@ -1,13 +1,8 @@
 """
-Helper functions, constants, and types to aid with Python v2.7 - v3.x and
-PyMongo v2.7 - v3.x support.
+Helper functions, constants, and types to aid with Python v2.7 - v3.x support
 """
-import pymongo
 import six
 
-
-IS_PYMONGO_3 = pymongo.version_tuple[0] >= 3
-
 # six.BytesIO resolves to StringIO.StringIO in Py2 and io.BytesIO in Py3.
 StringIO = six.BytesIO
 

mongoengine/queryset/base.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import pymongo
 import pymongo.errors
 from pymongo.common import validate_read_preference
 import six
+from six import iteritems
 
 from mongoengine import signals
 from mongoengine.base import get_document
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ from mongoengine.connection import get_db
 from mongoengine.context_managers import set_write_concern, switch_db
 from mongoengine.errors import (InvalidQueryError, LookUpError,
                                 NotUniqueError, OperationError)
-from mongoengine.python_support import IS_PYMONGO_3
+from mongoengine.pymongo_support import IS_PYMONGO_3
 from mongoengine.queryset import transform
 from mongoengine.queryset.field_list import QueryFieldList
 from mongoengine.queryset.visitor import Q, QNode
@@ -188,7 +189,7 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
                 )
 
             if queryset._as_pymongo:
-                return queryset._get_as_pymongo(queryset._cursor[key])
+                return queryset._cursor[key]
 
             return queryset._document._from_son(
                 queryset._cursor[key],
@@ -215,7 +216,7 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
     # Core functions
 
     def all(self):
-        """Returns all documents."""
+        """Returns a copy of the current QuerySet."""
         return self.__call__()
 
     def filter(self, *q_objs, **query):
@@ -396,7 +397,9 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
         """
         if self._limit == 0 and with_limit_and_skip is False or self._none:
             return 0
-        return self._cursor.count(with_limit_and_skip=with_limit_and_skip)
+        count = self._cursor.count(with_limit_and_skip=with_limit_and_skip)
+        self._cursor_obj = None
+        return count
 
     def delete(self, write_concern=None, _from_doc_delete=False,
                cascade_refs=None):
@@ -496,11 +499,12 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
             ``save(..., write_concern={w: 2, fsync: True}, ...)`` will
             wait until at least two servers have recorded the write and
             will force an fsync on the primary server.
-        :param full_result: Return the full result dictionary rather than just the number
-            updated, e.g. return
-            ``{'n': 2, 'nModified': 2, 'ok': 1.0, 'updatedExisting': True}``.
+        :param full_result: Return the associated ``pymongo.UpdateResult`` rather than just the number
+            updated items
         :param update: Django-style update keyword arguments
 
+        :returns the number of updated documents (unless ``full_result`` is True)
+
         .. versionadded:: 0.2
         """
         if not update and not upsert:
@@ -564,7 +568,7 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
             document = self._document.objects.with_id(atomic_update.upserted_id)
         return document
 
-    def update_one(self, upsert=False, write_concern=None, **update):
+    def update_one(self, upsert=False, write_concern=None, full_result=False, **update):
         """Perform an atomic update on the fields of the first document
         matched by the query.
 
@@ -575,12 +579,19 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
             ``save(..., write_concern={w: 2, fsync: True}, ...)`` will
             wait until at least two servers have recorded the write and
             will force an fsync on the primary server.
+        :param full_result: Return the associated ``pymongo.UpdateResult`` rather than just the number
+            updated items
         :param update: Django-style update keyword arguments
-
+            full_result
+        :returns the number of updated documents (unless ``full_result`` is True)
         .. versionadded:: 0.2
         """
         return self.update(
-            upsert=upsert, multi=False, write_concern=write_concern, **update)
+            upsert=upsert,
+            multi=False,
+            write_concern=write_concern,
+            full_result=full_result,
+            **update)
 
     def modify(self, upsert=False, full_response=False, remove=False, new=False, **update):
         """Update and return the updated document.
@@ -688,7 +699,7 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
                     self._document._from_son(doc, only_fields=self.only_fields))
         elif self._as_pymongo:
             for doc in docs:
-                doc_map[doc['_id']] = self._get_as_pymongo(doc)
+                doc_map[doc['_id']] = doc
         else:
             for doc in docs:
                 doc_map[doc['_id']] = self._document._from_son(
@@ -746,7 +757,7 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
                       '_read_preference', '_iter', '_scalar', '_as_pymongo',
                       '_limit', '_skip', '_hint', '_auto_dereference',
                       '_search_text', 'only_fields', '_max_time_ms',
-                      '_comment')
+                      '_comment', '_batch_size')
 
         for prop in copy_props:
             val = getattr(self, prop)
@@ -1484,7 +1495,7 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
         raw_doc = six.next(self._cursor)
 
         if self._as_pymongo:
-            return self._get_as_pymongo(raw_doc)
+            return raw_doc
 
         doc = self._document._from_son(
             raw_doc, _auto_dereference=self._auto_dereference,
@@ -1729,13 +1740,13 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
             }
         """
         total, data, types = self.exec_js(freq_func, field)
-        values = {types.get(k): int(v) for k, v in data.iteritems()}
+        values = {types.get(k): int(v) for k, v in iteritems(data)}
 
         if normalize:
             values = {k: float(v) / total for k, v in values.items()}
 
         frequencies = {}
-        for k, v in values.iteritems():
+        for k, v in iteritems(values):
             if isinstance(k, float):
                 if int(k) == k:
                     k = int(k)
@@ -1831,26 +1842,6 @@ class BaseQuerySet(object):
 
         return tuple(data)
 
-    def _get_as_pymongo(self, doc):
-        """Clean up a PyMongo doc, removing fields that were only fetched
-        for the sake of MongoEngine's implementation, and return it.
-        """
-        # Always remove _cls as a MongoEngine's implementation detail.
-        if '_cls' in doc:
-            del doc['_cls']
-
-        # If the _id was not included in a .only or was excluded in a .exclude,
-        # remove it from the doc (we always fetch it so that we can properly
-        # construct documents).
-        fields = self._loaded_fields
-        if fields and '_id' in doc and (
-            (fields.value == QueryFieldList.ONLY and '_id' not in fields.fields) or
-            (fields.value == QueryFieldList.EXCLUDE and '_id' in fields.fields)
-        ):
-            del doc['_id']
-
-        return doc
-
     def _sub_js_fields(self, code):
         """When fields are specified with [~fieldname] syntax, where
         *fieldname* is the Python name of a field, *fieldname* will be

mongoengine/queryset/transform.py

@@ -4,12 +4,13 @@ from bson import ObjectId, SON
 from bson.dbref import DBRef
 import pymongo
 import six
+from six import iteritems
 
 from mongoengine.base import UPDATE_OPERATORS
 from mongoengine.common import _import_class
 from mongoengine.connection import get_connection
 from mongoengine.errors import InvalidQueryError
-from mongoengine.python_support import IS_PYMONGO_3
+from mongoengine.pymongo_support import IS_PYMONGO_3
 
 __all__ = ('query', 'update')
 
@@ -154,7 +155,7 @@ def query(_doc_cls=None, **kwargs):
                 if ('$maxDistance' in value_dict or '$minDistance' in value_dict) and \
                         ('$near' in value_dict or '$nearSphere' in value_dict):
                     value_son = SON()
-                    for k, v in value_dict.iteritems():
+                    for k, v in iteritems(value_dict):
                         if k == '$maxDistance' or k == '$minDistance':
                             continue
                         value_son[k] = v
@@ -345,7 +346,7 @@ def update(_doc_cls=None, **update):
             value = {key: {'$each': value}}
         elif op in ('push', 'pushAll'):
             if parts[-1].isdigit():
-                key = parts[0]
+                key = '.'.join(parts[0:-1])
                 position = int(parts[-1])
                 # $position expects an iterable. If pushing a single value,
                 # wrap it in a list.

tests/document/class_methods.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 import unittest
 
 from mongoengine import *
+from mongoengine.pymongo_support import list_collection_names
 
 from mongoengine.queryset import NULLIFY, PULL
 from mongoengine.connection import get_db
@@ -27,9 +28,7 @@ class ClassMethodsTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.Person = Person
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        for collection in self.db.collection_names():
-            if 'system.' in collection:
-                continue
+        for collection in list_collection_names(self.db):
             self.db.drop_collection(collection)
 
     def test_definition(self):
@@ -66,10 +65,10 @@ class ClassMethodsTest(unittest.TestCase):
         """
         collection_name = 'person'
         self.Person(name='Test').save()
-        self.assertIn(collection_name,  self.db.collection_names())
+        self.assertIn(collection_name, list_collection_names(self.db))
 
         self.Person.drop_collection()
-        self.assertNotIn(collection_name, self.db.collection_names())
+        self.assertNotIn(collection_name, list_collection_names(self.db))
 
     def test_register_delete_rule(self):
         """Ensure that register delete rule adds a delete rule to the document
@@ -102,16 +101,16 @@ class ClassMethodsTest(unittest.TestCase):
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
 
         BlogPost.ensure_indexes()
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.compare_indexes(), { 'missing': [], 'extra': [] })
+        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.compare_indexes(), {'missing': [], 'extra': []})
 
         BlogPost.ensure_index(['author', 'description'])
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.compare_indexes(), { 'missing': [], 'extra': [[('author', 1), ('description', 1)]] })
+        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.compare_indexes(), {'missing': [], 'extra': [[('author', 1), ('description', 1)]]})
 
         BlogPost._get_collection().drop_index('author_1_description_1')
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.compare_indexes(), { 'missing': [], 'extra': [] })
+        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.compare_indexes(), {'missing': [], 'extra': []})
 
         BlogPost._get_collection().drop_index('author_1_title_1')
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.compare_indexes(), { 'missing': [[('author', 1), ('title', 1)]], 'extra': [] })
+        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.compare_indexes(), {'missing': [[('author', 1), ('title', 1)]], 'extra': []})
 
     def test_compare_indexes_inheritance(self):
         """ Ensure that the indexes are properly created and that
@@ -140,16 +139,16 @@ class ClassMethodsTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         BlogPost.ensure_indexes()
         BlogPostWithTags.ensure_indexes()
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.compare_indexes(), { 'missing': [], 'extra': [] })
+        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.compare_indexes(), {'missing': [], 'extra': []})
 
         BlogPostWithTags.ensure_index(['author', 'tag_list'])
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.compare_indexes(), { 'missing': [], 'extra': [[('_cls', 1), ('author', 1), ('tag_list', 1)]] })
+        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.compare_indexes(), {'missing': [], 'extra': [[('_cls', 1), ('author', 1), ('tag_list', 1)]]})
 
         BlogPostWithTags._get_collection().drop_index('_cls_1_author_1_tag_list_1')
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.compare_indexes(), { 'missing': [], 'extra': [] })
+        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.compare_indexes(), {'missing': [], 'extra': []})
 
         BlogPostWithTags._get_collection().drop_index('_cls_1_author_1_tags_1')
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.compare_indexes(), { 'missing': [[('_cls', 1), ('author', 1), ('tags', 1)]], 'extra': [] })
+        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.compare_indexes(), {'missing': [[('_cls', 1), ('author', 1), ('tags', 1)]], 'extra': []})
 
     def test_compare_indexes_multiple_subclasses(self):
         """ Ensure that compare_indexes behaves correctly if called from a
@@ -184,9 +183,9 @@ class ClassMethodsTest(unittest.TestCase):
         BlogPostWithTags.ensure_indexes()
         BlogPostWithCustomField.ensure_indexes()
 
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.compare_indexes(), { 'missing': [], 'extra': [] })
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPostWithTags.compare_indexes(), { 'missing': [], 'extra': [] })
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPostWithCustomField.compare_indexes(), { 'missing': [], 'extra': [] })
+        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.compare_indexes(), {'missing': [], 'extra': []})
+        self.assertEqual(BlogPostWithTags.compare_indexes(), {'missing': [], 'extra': []})
+        self.assertEqual(BlogPostWithCustomField.compare_indexes(), {'missing': [], 'extra': []})
 
     @requires_mongodb_gte_26
     def test_compare_indexes_for_text_indexes(self):
@@ -340,7 +339,7 @@ class ClassMethodsTest(unittest.TestCase):
             meta = {'collection': collection_name}
 
         Person(name="Test User").save()
-        self.assertIn(collection_name, self.db.collection_names())
+        self.assertIn(collection_name, list_collection_names(self.db))
 
         user_obj = self.db[collection_name].find_one()
         self.assertEqual(user_obj['name'], "Test User")
@@ -349,7 +348,7 @@ class ClassMethodsTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(user_obj.name, "Test User")
 
         Person.drop_collection()
-        self.assertNotIn(collection_name, self.db.collection_names())
+        self.assertNotIn(collection_name, list_collection_names(self.db))
 
     def test_collection_name_and_primary(self):
         """Ensure that a collection with a specified name may be used.

tests/document/delta.py

@@ -3,16 +3,14 @@ import unittest
 
 from bson import SON
 from mongoengine import *
-from mongoengine.connection import get_db
-
-__all__ = ("DeltaTest",)
+from mongoengine.pymongo_support import list_collection_names
+from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
 
 
-class DeltaTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class DeltaTest(MongoDBTestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
-        connect(db='mongoenginetest')
-        self.db = get_db()
+        super(DeltaTest, self).setUp()
 
         class Person(Document):
             name = StringField()
@@ -25,9 +23,7 @@ class DeltaTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.Person = Person
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        for collection in self.db.collection_names():
-            if 'system.' in collection:
-                continue
+        for collection in list_collection_names(self.db):
             self.db.drop_collection(collection)
 
     def test_delta(self):
@@ -863,5 +859,6 @@ class DeltaTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual('oops', delta[0]["users.007.rolist"][0]["type"])
         self.assertEqual(uinfo.id, delta[0]["users.007.info"])
 
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

tests/document/dynamic.py

@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 import unittest
 
 from mongoengine import *
-from mongoengine.connection import get_db
+from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
 
-__all__ = ("DynamicTest", )
+__all__ = ("TestDynamicDocument", )
 
 
-class DynamicTest(unittest.TestCase):
+class TestDynamicDocument(MongoDBTestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
-        connect(db='mongoenginetest')
-        self.db = get_db()
+        super(TestDynamicDocument, self).setUp()
 
         class Person(DynamicDocument):
             name = StringField()
@@ -98,6 +97,72 @@ class DynamicTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(len(p._data), 4)
         self.assertEqual(sorted(p._data.keys()), ['_cls', 'age', 'id', 'name'])
 
+    def test_fields_without_underscore(self):
+        """Ensure we can query dynamic fields"""
+        Person = self.Person
+
+        p = self.Person(name='Dean')
+        p.save()
+
+        raw_p = Person.objects.as_pymongo().get(id=p.id)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            raw_p,
+            {
+                '_cls': u'Person',
+                '_id': p.id,
+                'name': u'Dean'
+             }
+        )
+
+        p.name = 'OldDean'
+        p.newattr = 'garbage'
+        p.save()
+        raw_p = Person.objects.as_pymongo().get(id=p.id)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            raw_p,
+            {
+                '_cls': u'Person',
+                '_id': p.id,
+                'name': 'OldDean',
+                'newattr': u'garbage'
+            }
+        )
+
+    def test_fields_containing_underscore(self):
+        """Ensure we can query dynamic fields"""
+        class WeirdPerson(DynamicDocument):
+            name = StringField()
+            _name = StringField()
+
+        WeirdPerson.drop_collection()
+
+        p = WeirdPerson(name='Dean', _name='Dean')
+        p.save()
+
+        raw_p = WeirdPerson.objects.as_pymongo().get(id=p.id)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            raw_p,
+            {
+                '_id': p.id,
+                '_name': u'Dean',
+                'name': u'Dean'
+            }
+        )
+
+        p.name = 'OldDean'
+        p._name = 'NewDean'
+        p._newattr1 = 'garbage'    # Unknown fields won't be added
+        p.save()
+        raw_p = WeirdPerson.objects.as_pymongo().get(id=p.id)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            raw_p,
+            {
+                '_id': p.id,
+                '_name': u'NewDean',
+                'name': u'OldDean',
+            }
+        )
+
     def test_dynamic_document_queries(self):
         """Ensure we can query dynamic fields"""
         p = self.Person()
@@ -369,5 +434,6 @@ class DynamicTest(unittest.TestCase):
         person.save()
         self.assertEqual(Person.objects.first().age, 35)
 
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

tests/document/indexes.py

@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@ from datetime import datetime
 from nose.plugins.skip import SkipTest
 from pymongo.errors import OperationFailure
 import pymongo
+from six import iteritems
 
 from mongoengine import *
 from mongoengine.connection import get_db
-from tests.utils import get_mongodb_version, requires_mongodb_gte_26, MONGODB_32, MONGODB_3
+from mongoengine.mongodb_support import get_mongodb_version, MONGODB_32, MONGODB_3
+from tests.utils import requires_mongodb_gte_26, requires_mongodb_lte_32, requires_mongodb_gte_34
 
 __all__ = ("IndexesTest", )
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         info = BlogPost.objects._collection.index_information()
         # _id, '-date', 'tags', ('cat', 'date')
         self.assertEqual(len(info), 4)
-        info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
+        info = [value['key'] for key, value in iteritems(info)]
         for expected in expected_specs:
             self.assertIn(expected['fields'], info)
 
@@ -100,7 +102,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         # the indices on -date and tags will both contain
         # _cls as first element in the key
         self.assertEqual(len(info), 4)
-        info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
+        info = [value['key'] for key, value in iteritems(info)]
         for expected in expected_specs:
             self.assertIn(expected['fields'], info)
 
@@ -115,7 +117,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         ExtendedBlogPost.ensure_indexes()
         info = ExtendedBlogPost.objects._collection.index_information()
-        info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
+        info = [value['key'] for key, value in iteritems(info)]
         for expected in expected_specs:
             self.assertIn(expected['fields'], info)
 
@@ -225,7 +227,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         # Indexes are lazy so use list() to perform query
         list(Person.objects)
         info = Person.objects._collection.index_information()
-        info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
+        info = [value['key'] for key, value in iteritems(info)]
         self.assertIn([('rank.title', 1)], info)
 
     def test_explicit_geo2d_index(self):
@@ -245,7 +247,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         Place.ensure_indexes()
         info = Place._get_collection().index_information()
-        info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
+        info = [value['key'] for key, value in iteritems(info)]
         self.assertIn([('location.point', '2d')], info)
 
     def test_explicit_geo2d_index_embedded(self):
@@ -268,7 +270,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         Place.ensure_indexes()
         info = Place._get_collection().index_information()
-        info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
+        info = [value['key'] for key, value in iteritems(info)]
         self.assertIn([('current.location.point', '2d')], info)
 
     def test_explicit_geosphere_index(self):
@@ -288,7 +290,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         Place.ensure_indexes()
         info = Place._get_collection().index_information()
-        info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
+        info = [value['key'] for key, value in iteritems(info)]
         self.assertIn([('location.point', '2dsphere')], info)
 
     def test_explicit_geohaystack_index(self):
@@ -310,7 +312,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         Place.ensure_indexes()
         info = Place._get_collection().index_information()
-        info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
+        info = [value['key'] for key, value in iteritems(info)]
         self.assertIn([('location.point', 'geoHaystack')], info)
 
     def test_create_geohaystack_index(self):
@@ -322,7 +324,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         Place.create_index({'fields': (')location.point', 'name')}, bucketSize=10)
         info = Place._get_collection().index_information()
-        info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
+        info = [value['key'] for key, value in iteritems(info)]
         self.assertIn([('location.point', 'geoHaystack'), ('name', 1)], info)
 
     def test_dictionary_indexes(self):
@@ -355,7 +357,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         info = [(value['key'],
                  value.get('unique', False),
                  value.get('sparse', False))
-                for key, value in info.iteritems()]
+                for key, value in iteritems(info)]
         self.assertIn(([('addDate', -1)], True, True), info)
 
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
@@ -476,6 +478,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_covered_index(self):
         """Ensure that covered indexes can be used
         """
+        IS_MONGODB_3 = get_mongodb_version() >= MONGODB_3
 
         class Test(Document):
             a = IntField()
@@ -491,8 +494,6 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         obj = Test(a=1)
         obj.save()
 
-        IS_MONGODB_3 = get_mongodb_version() >= MONGODB_3
-
         # Need to be explicit about covered indexes as mongoDB doesn't know if
         # the documents returned might have more keys in that here.
         query_plan = Test.objects(id=obj.id).exclude('a').explain()
@@ -568,7 +569,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         if pymongo.version != '3.0':
             self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects.hint([('tags', 1)]).count(), 10)
 
-        if MONGO_VER == MONGODB_32:
+        if MONGO_VER >= MONGODB_32:
             # Mongo32 throws an error if an index exists (i.e `tags` in our case)
             # and you use hint on an index name that does not exist
             with self.assertRaises(OperationFailure):
@@ -576,7 +577,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         else:
             self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects.hint([('ZZ', 1)]).count(), 10)
 
-        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects.hint(TAGS_INDEX_NAME ).count(), 10)
+        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects.hint(TAGS_INDEX_NAME).count(), 10)
 
         with self.assertRaises(Exception):
             BlogPost.objects.hint(('tags', 1)).next()
@@ -600,6 +601,32 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         # Ensure backwards compatibilty for errors
         self.assertRaises(OperationError, post2.save)
 
+    @requires_mongodb_gte_34
+    def test_primary_key_unique_not_working_under_mongo_34(self):
+        """Relates to  #1445"""
+        class Blog(Document):
+            id = StringField(primary_key=True, unique=True)
+
+        Blog.drop_collection()
+
+        with self.assertRaises(OperationFailure) as ctx_err:
+            Blog(id='garbage').save()
+        try:
+            self.assertIn("The field 'unique' is not valid for an _id index specification", str(ctx_err.exception))
+        except AssertionError:
+            # error is slightly different on python 3.6
+            self.assertIn("The field 'background' is not valid for an _id index specification", str(ctx_err.exception))
+
+    @requires_mongodb_lte_32
+    def test_primary_key_unique_working_under_mongo_32(self):
+        """Relates to  #1445"""
+        class Blog(Document):
+            id = StringField(primary_key=True, unique=True)
+
+        Blog.drop_collection()
+
+        Blog(id='garbage').save()
+
     def test_unique_with(self):
         """Ensure that unique_with constraints are applied to fields.
         """
@@ -759,7 +786,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
         You won't create a duplicate but you will update an existing document.
         """
         class User(Document):
-            name = StringField(primary_key=True, unique=True)
+            name = StringField(primary_key=True)
             password = StringField()
 
         User.drop_collection()
@@ -806,7 +833,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.fail('Unbound local error at index + pk definition')
 
         info = BlogPost.objects._collection.index_information()
-        info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
+        info = [value['key'] for key, value in iteritems(info)]
         index_item = [('_id', 1), ('comments.comment_id', 1)]
         self.assertIn(index_item, info)
 
@@ -854,7 +881,7 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
             }
 
         info = MyDoc.objects._collection.index_information()
-        info = [value['key'] for key, value in info.iteritems()]
+        info = [value['key'] for key, value in iteritems(info)]
         self.assertIn([('provider_ids.foo', 1)], info)
         self.assertIn([('provider_ids.bar', 1)], info)
 
@@ -936,7 +963,6 @@ class IndexesTest(unittest.TestCase):
             # Drop the temporary database at the end
             connection.drop_database('tempdatabase')
 
-
     def test_index_dont_send_cls_option(self):
         """
         Ensure that 'cls' option is not sent through ensureIndex. We shouldn't

tests/document/inheritance.py

@@ -2,25 +2,22 @@
 import unittest
 import warnings
 
+from six import iteritems
+
 from mongoengine import (BooleanField, Document, EmbeddedDocument,
                          EmbeddedDocumentField, GenericReferenceField,
-                         IntField, ReferenceField, StringField, connect)
-from mongoengine.connection import get_db
+                         IntField, ReferenceField, StringField)
+from mongoengine.pymongo_support import list_collection_names
+from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
 from tests.fixtures import Base
 
 __all__ = ('InheritanceTest', )
 
 
-class InheritanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        connect(db='mongoenginetest')
-        self.db = get_db()
+class InheritanceTest(MongoDBTestCase):
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        for collection in self.db.collection_names():
-            if 'system.' in collection:
-                continue
+        for collection in list_collection_names(self.db):
             self.db.drop_collection(collection)
 
     def test_constructor_cls(self):
@@ -36,12 +33,12 @@ class InheritanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
             meta = {'allow_inheritance': True}
 
         test_doc = DataDoc(name='test', embed=EmbedData(data='data'))
-        assert test_doc._cls == 'DataDoc'
-        assert test_doc.embed._cls == 'EmbedData'
+        self.assertEqual(test_doc._cls, 'DataDoc')
+        self.assertEqual(test_doc.embed._cls, 'EmbedData')
         test_doc.save()
         saved_doc = DataDoc.objects.with_id(test_doc.id)
-        assert test_doc._cls == saved_doc._cls
-        assert test_doc.embed._cls == saved_doc.embed._cls
+        self.assertEqual(test_doc._cls, saved_doc._cls)
+        self.assertEqual(test_doc.embed._cls, saved_doc.embed._cls)
         test_doc.delete()
 
     def test_superclasses(self):
@@ -485,7 +482,7 @@ class InheritanceTest(unittest.TestCase):
             meta = {'abstract': True}
         class Human(Mammal): pass
 
-        for k, v in defaults.iteritems():
+        for k, v in iteritems(defaults):
             for cls in [Animal, Fish, Guppy]:
                 self.assertEqual(cls._meta[k], v)
 

tests/document/instance.py

@@ -4,12 +4,15 @@ import os
 import pickle
 import unittest
 import uuid
+import warnings
 import weakref
-
 from datetime import datetime
+
 from bson import DBRef, ObjectId
 from pymongo.errors import DuplicateKeyError
+from six import iteritems
 
+from mongoengine.pymongo_support import list_collection_names
 from tests import fixtures
 from tests.fixtures import (PickleEmbedded, PickleTest, PickleSignalsTest,
                             PickleDynamicEmbedded, PickleDynamicTest)
@@ -53,9 +56,7 @@ class InstanceTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         self.Job = Job
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        for collection in self.db.collection_names():
-            if 'system.' in collection:
-                continue
+        for collection in list_collection_names(self.db):
             self.db.drop_collection(collection)
 
     def assertDbEqual(self, docs):
@@ -570,7 +571,7 @@ class InstanceTest(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         Post.drop_collection()
 
-        Post._get_collection().insert({
+        Post._get_collection().insert_one({
             "title": "Items eclipse",
             "items": ["more lorem", "even more ipsum"]
         })
@@ -804,7 +805,8 @@ class InstanceTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         doc2 = self.Person(name="jim", age=20).save()
         docs = [dict(doc1.to_mongo()), dict(doc2.to_mongo())]
 
-        assert not doc1.modify({'name': doc2.name}, set__age=100)
+        n_modified = doc1.modify({'name': doc2.name}, set__age=100)
+        self.assertEqual(n_modified, 0)
 
         self.assertDbEqual(docs)
 
@@ -813,7 +815,8 @@ class InstanceTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         doc2 = self.Person(id=ObjectId(), name="jim", age=20)
         docs = [dict(doc1.to_mongo())]
 
-        assert not doc2.modify({'name': doc2.name}, set__age=100)
+        n_modified = doc2.modify({'name': doc2.name}, set__age=100)
+        self.assertEqual(n_modified, 0)
 
         self.assertDbEqual(docs)
 
@@ -829,23 +832,30 @@ class InstanceTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         doc.job.name = "Google"
         doc.job.years = 3
 
-        assert doc.modify(
+        n_modified = doc.modify(
             set__age=21, set__job__name="MongoDB", unset__job__years=True)
+        self.assertEqual(n_modified, 1)
         doc_copy.age = 21
         doc_copy.job.name = "MongoDB"
         del doc_copy.job.years
 
-        assert doc.to_json() == doc_copy.to_json()
-        assert doc._get_changed_fields() == []
+        self.assertEqual(doc.to_json(), doc_copy.to_json())
+        self.assertEqual(doc._get_changed_fields(), [])
 
         self.assertDbEqual([dict(other_doc.to_mongo()), dict(doc.to_mongo())])
 
     @requires_mongodb_gte_26
     def test_modify_with_positional_push(self):
+        class Content(EmbeddedDocument):
+            keywords = ListField(StringField())
+
         class BlogPost(Document):
             tags = ListField(StringField())
+            content = EmbeddedDocumentField(Content)
+
+        post = BlogPost.objects.create(
+            tags=['python'], content=Content(keywords=['ipsum']))
 
-        post = BlogPost.objects.create(tags=['python'])
         self.assertEqual(post.tags, ['python'])
         post.modify(push__tags__0=['code', 'mongo'])
         self.assertEqual(post.tags, ['code', 'mongo', 'python'])
@@ -856,6 +866,16 @@ class InstanceTest(MongoDBTestCase):
             ['code', 'mongo', 'python']
         )
 
+        self.assertEqual(post.content.keywords, ['ipsum'])
+        post.modify(push__content__keywords__0=['lorem'])
+        self.assertEqual(post.content.keywords, ['lorem', 'ipsum'])
+
+        # Assert same order of the list items is maintained in the db
+        self.assertEqual(
+            BlogPost._get_collection().find_one({'_id': post.pk})['content']['keywords'],
+            ['lorem', 'ipsum']
+        )
+
     def test_save(self):
         """Ensure that a document may be saved in the database."""
 
@@ -1466,7 +1486,7 @@ class InstanceTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         Message.drop_collection()
 
         # All objects share the same id, but each in a different collection
-        user = User(id=1, name='user-name')#.save()
+        user = User(id=1, name='user-name')  # .save()
         message = Message(id=1, author=user).save()
 
         message.author.name = 'tutu'
@@ -1984,7 +2004,6 @@ class InstanceTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         child_record.delete()
         self.assertEqual(Record.objects(name='parent').get().children, [])
 
-
     def test_reverse_delete_rule_with_custom_id_field(self):
         """Ensure that a referenced document with custom primary key
         is also deleted upon deletion.
@@ -2741,7 +2760,7 @@ class InstanceTest(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         User.drop_collection()
 
-        User._get_collection().save({
+        User._get_collection().insert_one({
             'name': 'John',
             'foo': 'Bar',
             'data': [1, 2, 3]
@@ -2757,7 +2776,7 @@ class InstanceTest(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         User.drop_collection()
 
-        User._get_collection().save({
+        User._get_collection().insert_one({
             'name': 'John',
             'foo': 'Bar',
             'data': [1, 2, 3]
@@ -2780,7 +2799,7 @@ class InstanceTest(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         User.drop_collection()
 
-        User._get_collection().save({
+        User._get_collection().insert_one({
             'name': 'John',
             'thing': {
                 'name': 'My thing',
@@ -2803,7 +2822,7 @@ class InstanceTest(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         User.drop_collection()
 
-        User._get_collection().save({
+        User._get_collection().insert_one({
             'name': 'John',
             'thing': {
                 'name': 'My thing',
@@ -2826,7 +2845,7 @@ class InstanceTest(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         User.drop_collection()
 
-        User._get_collection().save({
+        User._get_collection().insert_one({
             'name': 'John',
             'thing': {
                 'name': 'My thing',
@@ -3043,7 +3062,7 @@ class InstanceTest(MongoDBTestCase):
 
             def expand(self):
                 self.flattened_parameter = {}
-                for parameter_name, parameter in self.parameters.iteritems():
+                for parameter_name, parameter in iteritems(self.parameters):
                     parameter.expand()
 
         class NodesSystem(Document):
@@ -3051,7 +3070,7 @@ class InstanceTest(MongoDBTestCase):
             nodes = MapField(ReferenceField(Node, dbref=False))
 
             def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
-                for node_name, node in self.nodes.iteritems():
+                for node_name, node in iteritems(self.nodes):
                     node.expand()
                     node.save(*args, **kwargs)
                 super(NodesSystem, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
@@ -3070,6 +3089,24 @@ class InstanceTest(MongoDBTestCase):
             "UNDEFINED",
             system.nodes["node"].parameters["param"].macros["test"].value)
 
+    def test_embedded_document_save_reload_warning(self):
+        """Relates to #1570"""
+        class Embedded(EmbeddedDocument):
+            pass
+
+        class Doc(Document):
+            emb = EmbeddedDocumentField(Embedded)
+
+        doc = Doc(emb=Embedded()).save()
+        doc.emb.save()  # Make sure its still working
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("error", DeprecationWarning)
+            with self.assertRaises(DeprecationWarning):
+                doc.emb.save()
+
+            with self.assertRaises(DeprecationWarning):
+                doc.emb.reload()
+
     def test_embedded_document_equality(self):
         class Test(Document):
             field = StringField(required=True)
@@ -3179,8 +3216,7 @@ class InstanceTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         coll = Person._get_collection()
         for person in Person.objects.as_pymongo():
             if 'height' not in person:
-                person['height'] = 189
-                coll.save(person)
+                coll.update_one({'_id': person['_id']}, {'$set': {'height': 189}})
 
         self.assertEquals(Person.objects(height=189).count(), 1)
 
@@ -3365,7 +3401,6 @@ class InstanceTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         class User(Document):
             company = ReferenceField(Company)
 
-
         # Ensure index creation exception aren't swallowed (#1688)
         with self.assertRaises(DuplicateKeyError):
             User.objects().select_related()

tests/document/json_serialisation.py

@@ -32,12 +32,12 @@ class TestJson(unittest.TestCase):
             string = StringField(db_field='s')
             embedded = EmbeddedDocumentField(Embedded, db_field='e')
 
-        doc = Doc( string="Hello", embedded=Embedded(string="Inner Hello"))
-        doc_json = doc.to_json(sort_keys=True, use_db_field=False,separators=(',', ':'))
+        doc = Doc(string="Hello", embedded=Embedded(string="Inner Hello"))
+        doc_json = doc.to_json(sort_keys=True, use_db_field=False, separators=(',', ':'))
 
         expected_json = """{"embedded":{"string":"Inner Hello"},"string":"Hello"}"""
 
-        self.assertEqual( doc_json, expected_json)
+        self.assertEqual(doc_json, expected_json)
 
     def test_json_simple(self):
 

tests/fields/file_tests.py

@@ -24,6 +24,16 @@ TEST_IMAGE_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'mongoengine.png')
 TEST_IMAGE2_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'mongodb_leaf.png')
 
 
+def get_file(path):
+    """Use a BytesIO instead of a file to allow
+    to have a one-liner and avoid that the file remains opened"""
+    bytes_io = StringIO()
+    with open(path, 'rb') as f:
+        bytes_io.write(f.read())
+    bytes_io.seek(0)
+    return bytes_io
+
+
 class FileTest(MongoDBTestCase):
 
     def tearDown(self):
@@ -247,8 +257,8 @@ class FileTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         Animal.drop_collection()
         marmot = Animal(genus='Marmota', family='Sciuridae')
 
-        marmot_photo = open(TEST_IMAGE_PATH, 'rb')  # Retrieve a photo from disk
-        marmot.photo.put(marmot_photo, content_type='image/jpeg', foo='bar')
+        marmot_photo_content = get_file(TEST_IMAGE_PATH)  # Retrieve a photo from disk
+        marmot.photo.put(marmot_photo_content, content_type='image/jpeg', foo='bar')
         marmot.photo.close()
         marmot.save()
 
@@ -261,11 +271,11 @@ class FileTest(MongoDBTestCase):
             the_file = FileField()
         TestFile.drop_collection()
 
-        test_file = TestFile(the_file=open(TEST_IMAGE_PATH, 'rb')).save()
+        test_file = TestFile(the_file=get_file(TEST_IMAGE_PATH)).save()
         self.assertEqual(test_file.the_file.get().length, 8313)
 
         test_file = TestFile.objects.first()
-        test_file.the_file = open(TEST_IMAGE2_PATH, 'rb')
+        test_file.the_file = get_file(TEST_IMAGE2_PATH)
         test_file.save()
         self.assertEqual(test_file.the_file.get().length, 4971)
 
@@ -379,7 +389,7 @@ class FileTest(MongoDBTestCase):
                 self.assertEqual("%s" % e, "Invalid image: cannot identify image file %s" % f)
 
         t = TestImage()
-        t.image.put(open(TEST_IMAGE_PATH, 'rb'))
+        t.image.put(get_file(TEST_IMAGE_PATH))
         t.save()
 
         t = TestImage.objects.first()
@@ -400,11 +410,11 @@ class FileTest(MongoDBTestCase):
             the_file = ImageField()
         TestFile.drop_collection()
 
-        test_file = TestFile(the_file=open(TEST_IMAGE_PATH, 'rb')).save()
+        test_file = TestFile(the_file=get_file(TEST_IMAGE_PATH)).save()
         self.assertEqual(test_file.the_file.size, (371, 76))
 
         test_file = TestFile.objects.first()
-        test_file.the_file = open(TEST_IMAGE2_PATH, 'rb')
+        test_file.the_file = get_file(TEST_IMAGE2_PATH)
         test_file.save()
         self.assertEqual(test_file.the_file.size, (45, 101))
 
@@ -418,7 +428,7 @@ class FileTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         TestImage.drop_collection()
 
         t = TestImage()
-        t.image.put(open(TEST_IMAGE_PATH, 'rb'))
+        t.image.put(get_file(TEST_IMAGE_PATH))
         t.save()
 
         t = TestImage.objects.first()
@@ -441,7 +451,7 @@ class FileTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         TestImage.drop_collection()
 
         t = TestImage()
-        t.image.put(open(TEST_IMAGE_PATH, 'rb'))
+        t.image.put(get_file(TEST_IMAGE_PATH))
         t.save()
 
         t = TestImage.objects.first()
@@ -464,7 +474,7 @@ class FileTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         TestImage.drop_collection()
 
         t = TestImage()
-        t.image.put(open(TEST_IMAGE_PATH, 'rb'))
+        t.image.put(get_file(TEST_IMAGE_PATH))
         t.save()
 
         t = TestImage.objects.first()
@@ -542,8 +552,8 @@ class FileTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         TestImage.drop_collection()
 
         t = TestImage()
-        t.image1.put(open(TEST_IMAGE_PATH, 'rb'))
-        t.image2.put(open(TEST_IMAGE2_PATH, 'rb'))
+        t.image1.put(get_file(TEST_IMAGE_PATH))
+        t.image2.put(get_file(TEST_IMAGE2_PATH))
         t.save()
 
         test = TestImage.objects.first()
@@ -563,12 +573,10 @@ class FileTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         Animal.drop_collection()
         marmot = Animal(genus='Marmota', family='Sciuridae')
 
-        marmot_photo = open(TEST_IMAGE_PATH, 'rb')  # Retrieve a photo from disk
-
-        photos_field = marmot._fields['photos'].field
-        new_proxy = photos_field.get_proxy_obj('photos', marmot)
-        new_proxy.put(marmot_photo, content_type='image/jpeg', foo='bar')
-        marmot_photo.close()
+        with open(TEST_IMAGE_PATH, 'rb') as marmot_photo:   # Retrieve a photo from disk
+            photos_field = marmot._fields['photos'].field
+            new_proxy = photos_field.get_proxy_obj('photos', marmot)
+            new_proxy.put(marmot_photo, content_type='image/jpeg', foo='bar')
 
         marmot.photos.append(new_proxy)
         marmot.save()
@@ -578,5 +586,6 @@ class FileTest(MongoDBTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(marmot.photos[0].foo, 'bar')
         self.assertEqual(marmot.photos[0].get().length, 8313)
 
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

tests/fields/test_binary_field.py

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import uuid
+
+from nose.plugins.skip import SkipTest
+import six
+
+from bson import Binary
+
+from mongoengine import *
+from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
+
+BIN_VALUE = six.b('\xa9\xf3\x8d(\xd7\x03\x84\xb4k[\x0f\xe3\xa2\x19\x85p[J\xa3\xd2>\xde\xe6\x87\xb1\x7f\xc6\xe6\xd9r\x18\xf5')
+
+
+class TestBinaryField(MongoDBTestCase):
+    def test_binary_fields(self):
+        """Ensure that binary fields can be stored and retrieved.
+        """
+        class Attachment(Document):
+            content_type = StringField()
+            blob = BinaryField()
+
+        BLOB = six.b('\xe6\x00\xc4\xff\x07')
+        MIME_TYPE = 'application/octet-stream'
+
+        Attachment.drop_collection()
+
+        attachment = Attachment(content_type=MIME_TYPE, blob=BLOB)
+        attachment.save()
+
+        attachment_1 = Attachment.objects().first()
+        self.assertEqual(MIME_TYPE, attachment_1.content_type)
+        self.assertEqual(BLOB, six.binary_type(attachment_1.blob))
+
+    def test_validation_succeeds(self):
+        """Ensure that valid values can be assigned to binary fields.
+        """
+        class AttachmentRequired(Document):
+            blob = BinaryField(required=True)
+
+        class AttachmentSizeLimit(Document):
+            blob = BinaryField(max_bytes=4)
+
+        attachment_required = AttachmentRequired()
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, attachment_required.validate)
+        attachment_required.blob = Binary(six.b('\xe6\x00\xc4\xff\x07'))
+        attachment_required.validate()
+
+        _5_BYTES = six.b('\xe6\x00\xc4\xff\x07')
+        _4_BYTES = six.b('\xe6\x00\xc4\xff')
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, AttachmentSizeLimit(blob=_5_BYTES).validate)
+        AttachmentSizeLimit(blob=_4_BYTES).validate()
+
+    def test_validation_fails(self):
+        """Ensure that invalid values cannot be assigned to binary fields."""
+
+        class Attachment(Document):
+            blob = BinaryField()
+
+        for invalid_data in (2, u'Im_a_unicode', ['some_str']):
+            self.assertRaises(ValidationError, Attachment(blob=invalid_data).validate)
+
+    def test__primary(self):
+        class Attachment(Document):
+            id = BinaryField(primary_key=True)
+
+        Attachment.drop_collection()
+        binary_id = uuid.uuid4().bytes
+        att = Attachment(id=binary_id).save()
+        self.assertEqual(1, Attachment.objects.count())
+        self.assertEqual(1, Attachment.objects.filter(id=att.id).count())
+        att.delete()
+        self.assertEqual(0, Attachment.objects.count())
+
+    def test_primary_filter_by_binary_pk_as_str(self):
+        raise SkipTest("Querying by id as string is not currently supported")
+
+        class Attachment(Document):
+            id = BinaryField(primary_key=True)
+
+        Attachment.drop_collection()
+        binary_id = uuid.uuid4().bytes
+        att = Attachment(id=binary_id).save()
+        self.assertEqual(1, Attachment.objects.filter(id=binary_id).count())
+        att.delete()
+        self.assertEqual(0, Attachment.objects.count())
+
+    def test_match_querying_with_bytes(self):
+        class MyDocument(Document):
+            bin_field = BinaryField()
+
+        MyDocument.drop_collection()
+
+        doc = MyDocument(bin_field=BIN_VALUE).save()
+        matched_doc = MyDocument.objects(bin_field=BIN_VALUE).first()
+        self.assertEqual(matched_doc.id, doc.id)
+
+    def test_match_querying_with_binary(self):
+        class MyDocument(Document):
+            bin_field = BinaryField()
+
+        MyDocument.drop_collection()
+
+        doc = MyDocument(bin_field=BIN_VALUE).save()
+
+        matched_doc = MyDocument.objects(bin_field=Binary(BIN_VALUE)).first()
+        self.assertEqual(matched_doc.id, doc.id)
+
+    def test_modify_operation__set(self):
+        """Ensures no regression of bug #1127"""
+        class MyDocument(Document):
+            some_field = StringField()
+            bin_field = BinaryField()
+
+        MyDocument.drop_collection()
+
+        doc = MyDocument.objects(some_field='test').modify(
+            upsert=True, new=True,
+            set__bin_field=BIN_VALUE
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(doc.some_field, 'test')
+        if six.PY3:
+            self.assertEqual(doc.bin_field, BIN_VALUE)
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(doc.bin_field, Binary(BIN_VALUE))
+
+    def test_update_one(self):
+        """Ensures no regression of bug #1127"""
+        class MyDocument(Document):
+            bin_field = BinaryField()
+
+        MyDocument.drop_collection()
+
+        bin_data = six.b('\xe6\x00\xc4\xff\x07')
+        doc = MyDocument(bin_field=bin_data).save()
+
+        n_updated = MyDocument.objects(bin_field=bin_data).update_one(bin_field=BIN_VALUE)
+        self.assertEqual(n_updated, 1)
+        fetched = MyDocument.objects.with_id(doc.id)
+        if six.PY3:
+            self.assertEqual(fetched.bin_field, BIN_VALUE)
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(fetched.bin_field, Binary(BIN_VALUE))

tests/fields/test_boolean_field.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+from mongoengine import *
+
+from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase, get_as_pymongo
+
+
+class TestBooleanField(MongoDBTestCase):
+    def test_storage(self):
+        class Person(Document):
+            admin = BooleanField()
+
+        person = Person(admin=True)
+        person.save()
+        self.assertEqual(
+            get_as_pymongo(person),
+            {'_id': person.id,
+             'admin': True})
+
+    def test_validation(self):
+        """Ensure that invalid values cannot be assigned to boolean
+        fields.
+        """
+        class Person(Document):
+            admin = BooleanField()
+
+        person = Person()
+        person.admin = True
+        person.validate()
+
+        person.admin = 2
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+        person.admin = 'Yes'
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+        person.admin = 'False'
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+
+    def test_weirdness_constructor(self):
+        """When attribute is set in contructor, it gets cast into a bool
+        which causes some weird behavior. We dont necessarily want to maintain this behavior
+        but its a known issue
+        """
+        class Person(Document):
+            admin = BooleanField()
+
+        new_person = Person(admin='False')
+        self.assertTrue(new_person.admin)
+
+        new_person = Person(admin='0')
+        self.assertTrue(new_person.admin)

tests/fields/test_cached_reference_field.py

@@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+from decimal import Decimal
+
+from mongoengine import *
+
+from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
+
+
+class TestCachedReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
+
+    def test_get_and_save(self):
+        """
+        Tests #1047: CachedReferenceField creates DBRefs on to_python,
+        but can't save them on to_mongo.
+        """
+        class Animal(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            tag = StringField()
+
+        class Ocorrence(Document):
+            person = StringField()
+            animal = CachedReferenceField(Animal)
+
+        Animal.drop_collection()
+        Ocorrence.drop_collection()
+
+        Ocorrence(person="testte",
+                  animal=Animal(name="Leopard", tag="heavy").save()).save()
+        p = Ocorrence.objects.get()
+        p.person = 'new_testte'
+        p.save()
+
+    def test_general_things(self):
+        class Animal(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            tag = StringField()
+
+        class Ocorrence(Document):
+            person = StringField()
+            animal = CachedReferenceField(
+                Animal, fields=['tag'])
+
+        Animal.drop_collection()
+        Ocorrence.drop_collection()
+
+        a = Animal(name="Leopard", tag="heavy")
+        a.save()
+
+        self.assertEqual(Animal._cached_reference_fields, [Ocorrence.animal])
+        o = Ocorrence(person="teste", animal=a)
+        o.save()
+
+        p = Ocorrence(person="Wilson")
+        p.save()
+
+        self.assertEqual(Ocorrence.objects(animal=None).count(), 1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            a.to_mongo(fields=['tag']), {'tag': 'heavy', "_id": a.pk})
+
+        self.assertEqual(o.to_mongo()['animal']['tag'], 'heavy')
+
+        # counts
+        Ocorrence(person="teste 2").save()
+        Ocorrence(person="teste 3").save()
+
+        count = Ocorrence.objects(animal__tag='heavy').count()
+        self.assertEqual(count, 1)
+
+        ocorrence = Ocorrence.objects(animal__tag='heavy').first()
+        self.assertEqual(ocorrence.person, "teste")
+        self.assertIsInstance(ocorrence.animal, Animal)
+
+    def test_with_decimal(self):
+        class PersonAuto(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            salary = DecimalField()
+
+        class SocialTest(Document):
+            group = StringField()
+            person = CachedReferenceField(
+                PersonAuto,
+                fields=('salary',))
+
+        PersonAuto.drop_collection()
+        SocialTest.drop_collection()
+
+        p = PersonAuto(name="Alberto", salary=Decimal('7000.00'))
+        p.save()
+
+        s = SocialTest(group="dev", person=p)
+        s.save()
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            SocialTest.objects._collection.find_one({'person.salary': 7000.00}), {
+                '_id': s.pk,
+                'group': s.group,
+                'person': {
+                    '_id': p.pk,
+                    'salary': 7000.00
+                }
+            })
+
+    def test_cached_reference_field_reference(self):
+        class Group(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+
+        class Person(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            group = ReferenceField(Group)
+
+        class SocialData(Document):
+            obs = StringField()
+            tags = ListField(
+                StringField())
+            person = CachedReferenceField(
+                Person,
+                fields=('group',))
+
+        Group.drop_collection()
+        Person.drop_collection()
+        SocialData.drop_collection()
+
+        g1 = Group(name='dev')
+        g1.save()
+
+        g2 = Group(name="designers")
+        g2.save()
+
+        p1 = Person(name="Alberto", group=g1)
+        p1.save()
+
+        p2 = Person(name="Andre", group=g1)
+        p2.save()
+
+        p3 = Person(name="Afro design", group=g2)
+        p3.save()
+
+        s1 = SocialData(obs="testing 123", person=p1, tags=['tag1', 'tag2'])
+        s1.save()
+
+        s2 = SocialData(obs="testing 321", person=p3, tags=['tag3', 'tag4'])
+        s2.save()
+
+        self.assertEqual(SocialData.objects._collection.find_one(
+            {'tags': 'tag2'}), {
+                '_id': s1.pk,
+                'obs': 'testing 123',
+                'tags': ['tag1', 'tag2'],
+                'person': {
+                    '_id': p1.pk,
+                    'group': g1.pk
+                }
+        })
+
+        self.assertEqual(SocialData.objects(person__group=g2).count(), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(SocialData.objects(person__group=g2).first(), s2)
+
+    def test_cached_reference_field_push_with_fields(self):
+        class Product(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+
+        Product.drop_collection()
+
+        class Basket(Document):
+            products = ListField(CachedReferenceField(Product, fields=['name']))
+
+        Basket.drop_collection()
+        product1 = Product(name='abc').save()
+        product2 = Product(name='def').save()
+        basket = Basket(products=[product1]).save()
+        self.assertEqual(
+            Basket.objects._collection.find_one(),
+            {
+                '_id': basket.pk,
+                'products': [
+                    {
+                        '_id': product1.pk,
+                        'name': product1.name
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        )
+        # push to list
+        basket.update(push__products=product2)
+        basket.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(
+            Basket.objects._collection.find_one(),
+            {
+                '_id': basket.pk,
+                'products': [
+                    {
+                        '_id': product1.pk,
+                        'name': product1.name
+                    },
+                    {
+                        '_id': product2.pk,
+                        'name': product2.name
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        )
+
+    def test_cached_reference_field_update_all(self):
+        class Person(Document):
+            TYPES = (
+                ('pf', "PF"),
+                ('pj', "PJ")
+            )
+            name = StringField()
+            tp = StringField(
+                choices=TYPES
+            )
+
+            father = CachedReferenceField('self', fields=('tp',))
+
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        a1 = Person(name="Wilson Father", tp="pj")
+        a1.save()
+
+        a2 = Person(name='Wilson Junior', tp='pf', father=a1)
+        a2.save()
+
+        self.assertEqual(dict(a2.to_mongo()), {
+            "_id": a2.pk,
+            "name": u"Wilson Junior",
+            "tp": u"pf",
+            "father": {
+                "_id": a1.pk,
+                "tp": u"pj"
+            }
+        })
+
+        self.assertEqual(Person.objects(father=a1)._query, {
+            'father._id': a1.pk
+        })
+        self.assertEqual(Person.objects(father=a1).count(), 1)
+
+        Person.objects.update(set__tp="pf")
+        Person.father.sync_all()
+
+        a2.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(dict(a2.to_mongo()), {
+            "_id": a2.pk,
+            "name": u"Wilson Junior",
+            "tp": u"pf",
+            "father": {
+                "_id": a1.pk,
+                "tp": u"pf"
+            }
+        })
+
+    def test_cached_reference_fields_on_embedded_documents(self):
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidDocumentError):
+            class Test(Document):
+                name = StringField()
+
+            type('WrongEmbeddedDocument', (
+                EmbeddedDocument,), {
+                    'test': CachedReferenceField(Test)
+            })
+
+    def test_cached_reference_auto_sync(self):
+        class Person(Document):
+            TYPES = (
+                ('pf', "PF"),
+                ('pj', "PJ")
+            )
+            name = StringField()
+            tp = StringField(
+                choices=TYPES
+            )
+
+            father = CachedReferenceField('self', fields=('tp',))
+
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        a1 = Person(name="Wilson Father", tp="pj")
+        a1.save()
+
+        a2 = Person(name='Wilson Junior', tp='pf', father=a1)
+        a2.save()
+
+        a1.tp = 'pf'
+        a1.save()
+
+        a2.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(dict(a2.to_mongo()), {
+            '_id': a2.pk,
+            'name': 'Wilson Junior',
+            'tp': 'pf',
+            'father': {
+                '_id': a1.pk,
+                'tp': 'pf'
+            }
+        })
+
+    def test_cached_reference_auto_sync_disabled(self):
+        class Persone(Document):
+            TYPES = (
+                ('pf', "PF"),
+                ('pj', "PJ")
+            )
+            name = StringField()
+            tp = StringField(
+                choices=TYPES
+            )
+
+            father = CachedReferenceField(
+                'self', fields=('tp',), auto_sync=False)
+
+        Persone.drop_collection()
+
+        a1 = Persone(name="Wilson Father", tp="pj")
+        a1.save()
+
+        a2 = Persone(name='Wilson Junior', tp='pf', father=a1)
+        a2.save()
+
+        a1.tp = 'pf'
+        a1.save()
+
+        self.assertEqual(Persone.objects._collection.find_one({'_id': a2.pk}), {
+            '_id': a2.pk,
+            'name': 'Wilson Junior',
+            'tp': 'pf',
+            'father': {
+                '_id': a1.pk,
+                'tp': 'pj'
+            }
+        })
+
+    def test_cached_reference_embedded_fields(self):
+        class Owner(EmbeddedDocument):
+            TPS = (
+                ('n', "Normal"),
+                ('u', "Urgent")
+            )
+            name = StringField()
+            tp = StringField(
+                verbose_name="Type",
+                db_field="t",
+                choices=TPS)
+
+        class Animal(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            tag = StringField()
+
+            owner = EmbeddedDocumentField(Owner)
+
+        class Ocorrence(Document):
+            person = StringField()
+            animal = CachedReferenceField(
+                Animal, fields=['tag', 'owner.tp'])
+
+        Animal.drop_collection()
+        Ocorrence.drop_collection()
+
+        a = Animal(name="Leopard", tag="heavy",
+                   owner=Owner(tp='u', name="Wilson Júnior")
+                   )
+        a.save()
+
+        o = Ocorrence(person="teste", animal=a)
+        o.save()
+        self.assertEqual(dict(a.to_mongo(fields=['tag', 'owner.tp'])), {
+            '_id': a.pk,
+            'tag': 'heavy',
+            'owner': {
+                't': 'u'
+            }
+        })
+        self.assertEqual(o.to_mongo()['animal']['tag'], 'heavy')
+        self.assertEqual(o.to_mongo()['animal']['owner']['t'], 'u')
+
+        # counts
+        Ocorrence(person="teste 2").save()
+        Ocorrence(person="teste 3").save()
+
+        count = Ocorrence.objects(
+            animal__tag='heavy', animal__owner__tp='u').count()
+        self.assertEqual(count, 1)
+
+        ocorrence = Ocorrence.objects(
+            animal__tag='heavy',
+            animal__owner__tp='u').first()
+        self.assertEqual(ocorrence.person, "teste")
+        self.assertIsInstance(ocorrence.animal, Animal)
+
+    def test_cached_reference_embedded_list_fields(self):
+        class Owner(EmbeddedDocument):
+            name = StringField()
+            tags = ListField(StringField())
+
+        class Animal(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            tag = StringField()
+
+            owner = EmbeddedDocumentField(Owner)
+
+        class Ocorrence(Document):
+            person = StringField()
+            animal = CachedReferenceField(
+                Animal, fields=['tag', 'owner.tags'])
+
+        Animal.drop_collection()
+        Ocorrence.drop_collection()
+
+        a = Animal(name="Leopard", tag="heavy",
+                   owner=Owner(tags=['cool', 'funny'],
+                               name="Wilson Júnior")
+                   )
+        a.save()
+
+        o = Ocorrence(person="teste 2", animal=a)
+        o.save()
+        self.assertEqual(dict(a.to_mongo(fields=['tag', 'owner.tags'])), {
+            '_id': a.pk,
+            'tag': 'heavy',
+            'owner': {
+                'tags': ['cool', 'funny']
+            }
+        })
+
+        self.assertEqual(o.to_mongo()['animal']['tag'], 'heavy')
+        self.assertEqual(o.to_mongo()['animal']['owner']['tags'],
+                         ['cool', 'funny'])
+
+        # counts
+        Ocorrence(person="teste 2").save()
+        Ocorrence(person="teste 3").save()
+
+        query = Ocorrence.objects(
+            animal__tag='heavy', animal__owner__tags='cool')._query
+        self.assertEqual(
+            query, {'animal.owner.tags': 'cool', 'animal.tag': 'heavy'})
+
+        ocorrence = Ocorrence.objects(
+            animal__tag='heavy',
+            animal__owner__tags='cool').first()
+        self.assertEqual(ocorrence.person, "teste 2")
+        self.assertIsInstance(ocorrence.animal, Animal)

tests/fields/test_complex_datetime_field.py

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import datetime
+import math
+import itertools
+import re
+
+from mongoengine import *
+
+from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
+
+
+class ComplexDateTimeFieldTest(MongoDBTestCase):
+    def test_complexdatetime_storage(self):
+        """Tests for complex datetime fields - which can handle
+        microseconds without rounding.
+        """
+        class LogEntry(Document):
+            date = ComplexDateTimeField()
+            date_with_dots = ComplexDateTimeField(separator='.')
+
+        LogEntry.drop_collection()
+
+        # Post UTC - microseconds are rounded (down) nearest millisecond and
+        # dropped - with default datetimefields
+        d1 = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 999)
+        log = LogEntry()
+        log.date = d1
+        log.save()
+        log.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(log.date, d1)
+
+        # Post UTC - microseconds are rounded (down) nearest millisecond - with
+        # default datetimefields
+        d1 = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 9999)
+        log.date = d1
+        log.save()
+        log.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(log.date, d1)
+
+        # Pre UTC dates microseconds below 1000 are dropped - with default
+        # datetimefields
+        d1 = datetime.datetime(1969, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999)
+        log.date = d1
+        log.save()
+        log.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(log.date, d1)
+
+        # Pre UTC microseconds above 1000 is wonky - with default datetimefields
+        # log.date has an invalid microsecond value so I can't construct
+        # a date to compare.
+        for i in range(1001, 3113, 33):
+            d1 = datetime.datetime(1969, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, i)
+            log.date = d1
+            log.save()
+            log.reload()
+            self.assertEqual(log.date, d1)
+            log1 = LogEntry.objects.get(date=d1)
+            self.assertEqual(log, log1)
+
+        # Test string padding
+        microsecond = map(int, [math.pow(10, x) for x in range(6)])
+        mm = dd = hh = ii = ss = [1, 10]
+
+        for values in itertools.product([2014], mm, dd, hh, ii, ss, microsecond):
+            stored = LogEntry(date=datetime.datetime(*values)).to_mongo()['date']
+            self.assertTrue(re.match('^\d{4},\d{2},\d{2},\d{2},\d{2},\d{2},\d{6}$', stored) is not None)
+
+        # Test separator
+        stored = LogEntry(date_with_dots=datetime.datetime(2014, 1, 1)).to_mongo()['date_with_dots']
+        self.assertTrue(re.match('^\d{4}.\d{2}.\d{2}.\d{2}.\d{2}.\d{2}.\d{6}$', stored) is not None)
+
+    def test_complexdatetime_usage(self):
+        """Tests for complex datetime fields - which can handle
+        microseconds without rounding.
+        """
+        class LogEntry(Document):
+            date = ComplexDateTimeField()
+
+        LogEntry.drop_collection()
+
+        d1 = datetime.datetime(1950, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 999)
+        log = LogEntry()
+        log.date = d1
+        log.save()
+
+        log1 = LogEntry.objects.get(date=d1)
+        self.assertEqual(log, log1)
+
+        # create extra 59 log entries for a total of 60
+        for i in range(1951, 2010):
+            d = datetime.datetime(i, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 999)
+            LogEntry(date=d).save()
+
+        self.assertEqual(LogEntry.objects.count(), 60)
+
+        # Test ordering
+        logs = LogEntry.objects.order_by("date")
+        i = 0
+        while i < 59:
+            self.assertTrue(logs[i].date <= logs[i + 1].date)
+            i += 1
+
+        logs = LogEntry.objects.order_by("-date")
+        i = 0
+        while i < 59:
+            self.assertTrue(logs[i].date >= logs[i + 1].date)
+            i += 1
+
+        # Test searching
+        logs = LogEntry.objects.filter(date__gte=datetime.datetime(1980, 1, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(logs.count(), 30)
+
+        logs = LogEntry.objects.filter(date__lte=datetime.datetime(1980, 1, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(logs.count(), 30)
+
+        logs = LogEntry.objects.filter(
+            date__lte=datetime.datetime(2011, 1, 1),
+            date__gte=datetime.datetime(2000, 1, 1),
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(logs.count(), 10)
+
+        LogEntry.drop_collection()
+
+        # Test microsecond-level ordering/filtering
+        for microsecond in (99, 999, 9999, 10000):
+            LogEntry(
+                date=datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, microsecond)
+            ).save()
+
+        logs = list(LogEntry.objects.order_by('date'))
+        for next_idx, log in enumerate(logs[:-1], start=1):
+            next_log = logs[next_idx]
+            self.assertTrue(log.date < next_log.date)
+
+        logs = list(LogEntry.objects.order_by('-date'))
+        for next_idx, log in enumerate(logs[:-1], start=1):
+            next_log = logs[next_idx]
+            self.assertTrue(log.date > next_log.date)
+
+        logs = LogEntry.objects.filter(
+            date__lte=datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 10000))
+        self.assertEqual(logs.count(), 4)
+
+    def test_no_default_value(self):
+        class Log(Document):
+            timestamp = ComplexDateTimeField()
+
+        Log.drop_collection()
+
+        log = Log()
+        self.assertIsNone(log.timestamp)
+        log.save()
+
+        fetched_log = Log.objects.with_id(log.id)
+        self.assertIsNone(fetched_log.timestamp)
+
+    def test_default_static_value(self):
+        NOW = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
+        class Log(Document):
+            timestamp = ComplexDateTimeField(default=NOW)
+
+        Log.drop_collection()
+
+        log = Log()
+        self.assertEqual(log.timestamp, NOW)
+        log.save()
+
+        fetched_log = Log.objects.with_id(log.id)
+        self.assertEqual(fetched_log.timestamp, NOW)
+
+    def test_default_callable(self):
+        NOW = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
+
+        class Log(Document):
+            timestamp = ComplexDateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)
+
+        Log.drop_collection()
+
+        log = Log()
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(log.timestamp, NOW)
+        log.save()
+
+        fetched_log = Log.objects.with_id(log.id)
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(fetched_log.timestamp, NOW)

tests/fields/test_date_field.py

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import datetime
+import six
+
+try:
+    import dateutil
+except ImportError:
+    dateutil = None
+
+from mongoengine import *
+
+from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
+
+
+class TestDateField(MongoDBTestCase):
+    def test_date_from_empty_string(self):
+        """
+        Ensure an exception is raised when trying to
+        cast an empty string to datetime.
+        """
+        class MyDoc(Document):
+            dt = DateField()
+
+        md = MyDoc(dt='')
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, md.save)
+
+    def test_date_from_whitespace_string(self):
+        """
+        Ensure an exception is raised when trying to
+        cast a whitespace-only string to datetime.
+        """
+        class MyDoc(Document):
+            dt = DateField()
+
+        md = MyDoc(dt='   ')
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, md.save)
+
+    def test_default_values_today(self):
+        """Ensure that default field values are used when creating
+        a document.
+        """
+        class Person(Document):
+            day = DateField(default=datetime.date.today)
+
+        person = Person()
+        person.validate()
+        self.assertEqual(person.day, person.day)
+        self.assertEqual(person.day, datetime.date.today())
+        self.assertEqual(person._data['day'], person.day)
+
+    def test_date(self):
+        """Tests showing pymongo date fields
+
+        See: http://api.mongodb.org/python/current/api/bson/son.html#dt
+        """
+        class LogEntry(Document):
+            date = DateField()
+
+        LogEntry.drop_collection()
+
+        # Test can save dates
+        log = LogEntry()
+        log.date = datetime.date.today()
+        log.save()
+        log.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(log.date, datetime.date.today())
+
+        d1 = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 999)
+        d2 = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1)
+        log = LogEntry()
+        log.date = d1
+        log.save()
+        log.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(log.date, d1.date())
+        self.assertEqual(log.date, d2.date())
+
+        d1 = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 9999)
+        d2 = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 9000)
+        log.date = d1
+        log.save()
+        log.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(log.date, d1.date())
+        self.assertEqual(log.date, d2.date())
+
+        if not six.PY3:
+            # Pre UTC dates microseconds below 1000 are dropped
+            # This does not seem to be true in PY3
+            d1 = datetime.datetime(1969, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999)
+            d2 = datetime.datetime(1969, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59)
+            log.date = d1
+            log.save()
+            log.reload()
+            self.assertEqual(log.date, d1.date())
+            self.assertEqual(log.date, d2.date())
+
+    def test_regular_usage(self):
+        """Tests for regular datetime fields"""
+        class LogEntry(Document):
+            date = DateField()
+
+        LogEntry.drop_collection()
+
+        d1 = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1)
+        log = LogEntry()
+        log.date = d1
+        log.validate()
+        log.save()
+
+        for query in (d1, d1.isoformat(' ')):
+            log1 = LogEntry.objects.get(date=query)
+            self.assertEqual(log, log1)
+
+        if dateutil:
+            log1 = LogEntry.objects.get(date=d1.isoformat('T'))
+            self.assertEqual(log, log1)
+
+        # create additional 19 log entries for a total of 20
+        for i in range(1971, 1990):
+            d = datetime.datetime(i, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1)
+            LogEntry(date=d).save()
+
+        self.assertEqual(LogEntry.objects.count(), 20)
+
+        # Test ordering
+        logs = LogEntry.objects.order_by("date")
+        i = 0
+        while i < 19:
+            self.assertTrue(logs[i].date <= logs[i + 1].date)
+            i += 1
+
+        logs = LogEntry.objects.order_by("-date")
+        i = 0
+        while i < 19:
+            self.assertTrue(logs[i].date >= logs[i + 1].date)
+            i += 1
+
+        # Test searching
+        logs = LogEntry.objects.filter(date__gte=datetime.datetime(1980, 1, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(logs.count(), 10)
+
+    def test_validation(self):
+        """Ensure that invalid values cannot be assigned to datetime
+        fields.
+        """
+        class LogEntry(Document):
+            time = DateField()
+
+        log = LogEntry()
+        log.time = datetime.datetime.now()
+        log.validate()
+
+        log.time = datetime.date.today()
+        log.validate()
+
+        log.time = datetime.datetime.now().isoformat(' ')
+        log.validate()
+
+        if dateutil:
+            log.time = datetime.datetime.now().isoformat('T')
+            log.validate()
+
+        log.time = -1
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, log.validate)
+        log.time = 'ABC'
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, log.validate)

tests/fields/test_datetime_field.py

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import datetime
+import six
+
+try:
+    import dateutil
+except ImportError:
+    dateutil = None
+
+from mongoengine import *
+from mongoengine import connection
+
+from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
+
+
+class TestDateTimeField(MongoDBTestCase):
+    def test_datetime_from_empty_string(self):
+        """
+        Ensure an exception is raised when trying to
+        cast an empty string to datetime.
+        """
+        class MyDoc(Document):
+            dt = DateTimeField()
+
+        md = MyDoc(dt='')
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, md.save)
+
+    def test_datetime_from_whitespace_string(self):
+        """
+        Ensure an exception is raised when trying to
+        cast a whitespace-only string to datetime.
+        """
+        class MyDoc(Document):
+            dt = DateTimeField()
+
+        md = MyDoc(dt='   ')
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, md.save)
+
+    def test_default_value_utcnow(self):
+        """Ensure that default field values are used when creating
+        a document.
+        """
+        class Person(Document):
+            created = DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.utcnow)
+
+        utcnow = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
+        person = Person()
+        person.validate()
+        person_created_t0 = person.created
+        self.assertLess(person.created - utcnow, datetime.timedelta(seconds=1))
+        self.assertEqual(person_created_t0, person.created)  # make sure it does not change
+        self.assertEqual(person._data['created'], person.created)
+
+    def test_handling_microseconds(self):
+        """Tests showing pymongo datetime fields handling of microseconds.
+        Microseconds are rounded to the nearest millisecond and pre UTC
+        handling is wonky.
+
+        See: http://api.mongodb.org/python/current/api/bson/son.html#dt
+        """
+        class LogEntry(Document):
+            date = DateTimeField()
+
+        LogEntry.drop_collection()
+
+        # Test can save dates
+        log = LogEntry()
+        log.date = datetime.date.today()
+        log.save()
+        log.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(log.date.date(), datetime.date.today())
+
+        # Post UTC - microseconds are rounded (down) nearest millisecond and
+        # dropped
+        d1 = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 999)
+        d2 = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1)
+        log = LogEntry()
+        log.date = d1
+        log.save()
+        log.reload()
+        self.assertNotEqual(log.date, d1)
+        self.assertEqual(log.date, d2)
+
+        # Post UTC - microseconds are rounded (down) nearest millisecond
+        d1 = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 9999)
+        d2 = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 9000)
+        log.date = d1
+        log.save()
+        log.reload()
+        self.assertNotEqual(log.date, d1)
+        self.assertEqual(log.date, d2)
+
+        if not six.PY3:
+            # Pre UTC dates microseconds below 1000 are dropped
+            # This does not seem to be true in PY3
+            d1 = datetime.datetime(1969, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999)
+            d2 = datetime.datetime(1969, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59)
+            log.date = d1
+            log.save()
+            log.reload()
+            self.assertNotEqual(log.date, d1)
+            self.assertEqual(log.date, d2)
+
+    def test_regular_usage(self):
+        """Tests for regular datetime fields"""
+        class LogEntry(Document):
+            date = DateTimeField()
+
+        LogEntry.drop_collection()
+
+        d1 = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1)
+        log = LogEntry()
+        log.date = d1
+        log.validate()
+        log.save()
+
+        for query in (d1, d1.isoformat(' ')):
+            log1 = LogEntry.objects.get(date=query)
+            self.assertEqual(log, log1)
+
+        if dateutil:
+            log1 = LogEntry.objects.get(date=d1.isoformat('T'))
+            self.assertEqual(log, log1)
+
+        # create additional 19 log entries for a total of 20
+        for i in range(1971, 1990):
+            d = datetime.datetime(i, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1)
+            LogEntry(date=d).save()
+
+        self.assertEqual(LogEntry.objects.count(), 20)
+
+        # Test ordering
+        logs = LogEntry.objects.order_by("date")
+        i = 0
+        while i < 19:
+            self.assertTrue(logs[i].date <= logs[i + 1].date)
+            i += 1
+
+        logs = LogEntry.objects.order_by("-date")
+        i = 0
+        while i < 19:
+            self.assertTrue(logs[i].date >= logs[i + 1].date)
+            i += 1
+
+        # Test searching
+        logs = LogEntry.objects.filter(date__gte=datetime.datetime(1980, 1, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(logs.count(), 10)
+
+        logs = LogEntry.objects.filter(date__lte=datetime.datetime(1980, 1, 1))
+        self.assertEqual(logs.count(), 10)
+
+        logs = LogEntry.objects.filter(
+            date__lte=datetime.datetime(1980, 1, 1),
+            date__gte=datetime.datetime(1975, 1, 1),
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(logs.count(), 5)
+
+    def test_datetime_validation(self):
+        """Ensure that invalid values cannot be assigned to datetime
+        fields.
+        """
+        class LogEntry(Document):
+            time = DateTimeField()
+
+        log = LogEntry()
+        log.time = datetime.datetime.now()
+        log.validate()
+
+        log.time = datetime.date.today()
+        log.validate()
+
+        log.time = datetime.datetime.now().isoformat(' ')
+        log.validate()
+
+        if dateutil:
+            log.time = datetime.datetime.now().isoformat('T')
+            log.validate()
+
+        log.time = -1
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, log.validate)
+        log.time = 'ABC'
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, log.validate)
+
+
+class TestDateTimeTzAware(MongoDBTestCase):
+    def test_datetime_tz_aware_mark_as_changed(self):
+        # Reset the connections
+        connection._connection_settings = {}
+        connection._connections = {}
+        connection._dbs = {}
+
+        connect(db='mongoenginetest', tz_aware=True)
+
+        class LogEntry(Document):
+            time = DateTimeField()
+
+        LogEntry.drop_collection()
+
+        LogEntry(time=datetime.datetime(2013, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)).save()
+
+        log = LogEntry.objects.first()
+        log.time = datetime.datetime(2013, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(['time'], log._changed_fields)

tests/fields/test_decimal_field.py

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+from decimal import Decimal
+
+from mongoengine import *
+
+from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
+
+
+class TestDecimalField(MongoDBTestCase):
+
+    def test_validation(self):
+        """Ensure that invalid values cannot be assigned to decimal fields.
+        """
+        class Person(Document):
+            height = DecimalField(min_value=Decimal('0.1'),
+                                  max_value=Decimal('3.5'))
+
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        Person(height=Decimal('1.89')).save()
+        person = Person.objects.first()
+        self.assertEqual(person.height, Decimal('1.89'))
+
+        person.height = '2.0'
+        person.save()
+        person.height = 0.01
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+        person.height = Decimal('0.01')
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+        person.height = Decimal('4.0')
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+        person.height = 'something invalid'
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+
+        person_2 = Person(height='something invalid')
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person_2.validate)
+
+    def test_comparison(self):
+        class Person(Document):
+            money = DecimalField()
+
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        Person(money=6).save()
+        Person(money=7).save()
+        Person(money=8).save()
+        Person(money=10).save()
+
+        self.assertEqual(2, Person.objects(money__gt=Decimal("7")).count())
+        self.assertEqual(2, Person.objects(money__gt=7).count())
+        self.assertEqual(2, Person.objects(money__gt="7").count())
+
+        self.assertEqual(3, Person.objects(money__gte="7").count())
+
+    def test_storage(self):
+        class Person(Document):
+            float_value = DecimalField(precision=4)
+            string_value = DecimalField(precision=4, force_string=True)
+
+        Person.drop_collection()
+        values_to_store = [10, 10.1, 10.11, "10.111", Decimal("10.1111"), Decimal("10.11111")]
+        for store_at_creation in [True, False]:
+            for value in values_to_store:
+                # to_python is called explicitly if values were sent in the kwargs of __init__
+                if store_at_creation:
+                    Person(float_value=value, string_value=value).save()
+                else:
+                    person = Person.objects.create()
+                    person.float_value = value
+                    person.string_value = value
+                    person.save()
+
+        # How its stored
+        expected = [
+            {'float_value': 10.0, 'string_value': '10.0000'},
+            {'float_value': 10.1, 'string_value': '10.1000'},
+            {'float_value': 10.11, 'string_value': '10.1100'},
+            {'float_value': 10.111, 'string_value': '10.1110'},
+            {'float_value': 10.1111, 'string_value': '10.1111'},
+            {'float_value': 10.1111, 'string_value': '10.1111'}]
+        expected.extend(expected)
+        actual = list(Person.objects.exclude('id').as_pymongo())
+        self.assertEqual(expected, actual)
+
+        # How it comes out locally
+        expected = [Decimal('10.0000'), Decimal('10.1000'), Decimal('10.1100'),
+                    Decimal('10.1110'), Decimal('10.1111'), Decimal('10.1111')]
+        expected.extend(expected)
+        for field_name in ['float_value', 'string_value']:
+            actual = list(Person.objects().scalar(field_name))
+            self.assertEqual(expected, actual)

tests/fields/test_dict_field.py

@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+from mongoengine import *
+from mongoengine.base import BaseDict
+
+from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase, get_as_pymongo
+
+
+class TestDictField(MongoDBTestCase):
+
+    def test_storage(self):
+        class BlogPost(Document):
+            info = DictField()
+
+        BlogPost.drop_collection()
+
+        info = {'testkey': 'testvalue'}
+        post = BlogPost(info=info).save()
+        self.assertEqual(
+            get_as_pymongo(post),
+            {
+                '_id': post.id,
+                'info': info
+            }
+        )
+
+    def test_general_things(self):
+        """Ensure that dict types work as expected."""
+        class BlogPost(Document):
+            info = DictField()
+
+        BlogPost.drop_collection()
+
+        post = BlogPost()
+        post.info = 'my post'
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, post.validate)
+
+        post.info = ['test', 'test']
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, post.validate)
+
+        post.info = {'$title': 'test'}
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, post.validate)
+
+        post.info = {'nested': {'$title': 'test'}}
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, post.validate)
+
+        post.info = {'the.title': 'test'}
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, post.validate)
+
+        post.info = {'nested': {'the.title': 'test'}}
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, post.validate)
+
+        post.info = {1: 'test'}
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, post.validate)
+
+        post.info = {'title': 'test'}
+        post.save()
+
+        post = BlogPost()
+        post.info = {'title': 'dollar_sign', 'details': {'te$t': 'test'}}
+        post.save()
+
+        post = BlogPost()
+        post.info = {'details': {'test': 'test'}}
+        post.save()
+
+        post = BlogPost()
+        post.info = {'details': {'test': 3}}
+        post.save()
+
+        self.assertEqual(BlogPost.objects.count(), 4)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            BlogPost.objects.filter(info__title__exact='test').count(), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            BlogPost.objects.filter(info__details__test__exact='test').count(), 1)
+
+        post = BlogPost.objects.filter(info__title__exact='dollar_sign').first()
+        self.assertIn('te$t', post['info']['details'])
+
+        # Confirm handles non strings or non existing keys
+        self.assertEqual(
+            BlogPost.objects.filter(info__details__test__exact=5).count(), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            BlogPost.objects.filter(info__made_up__test__exact='test').count(), 0)
+
+        post = BlogPost.objects.create(info={'title': 'original'})
+        post.info.update({'title': 'updated'})
+        post.save()
+        post.reload()
+        self.assertEqual('updated', post.info['title'])
+
+        post.info.setdefault('authors', [])
+        post.save()
+        post.reload()
+        self.assertEqual([], post.info['authors'])
+
+    def test_dictfield_dump_document(self):
+        """Ensure a DictField can handle another document's dump."""
+        class Doc(Document):
+            field = DictField()
+
+        class ToEmbed(Document):
+            id = IntField(primary_key=True, default=1)
+            recursive = DictField()
+
+        class ToEmbedParent(Document):
+            id = IntField(primary_key=True, default=1)
+            recursive = DictField()
+
+            meta = {'allow_inheritance': True}
+
+        class ToEmbedChild(ToEmbedParent):
+            pass
+
+        to_embed_recursive = ToEmbed(id=1).save()
+        to_embed = ToEmbed(
+            id=2, recursive=to_embed_recursive.to_mongo().to_dict()).save()
+        doc = Doc(field=to_embed.to_mongo().to_dict())
+        doc.save()
+        self.assertIsInstance(doc.field, dict)
+        self.assertEqual(doc.field, {'_id': 2, 'recursive': {'_id': 1, 'recursive': {}}})
+        # Same thing with a Document with a _cls field
+        to_embed_recursive = ToEmbedChild(id=1).save()
+        to_embed_child = ToEmbedChild(
+            id=2, recursive=to_embed_recursive.to_mongo().to_dict()).save()
+        doc = Doc(field=to_embed_child.to_mongo().to_dict())
+        doc.save()
+        self.assertIsInstance(doc.field, dict)
+        expected = {
+            '_id': 2, '_cls': 'ToEmbedParent.ToEmbedChild',
+            'recursive': {'_id': 1, '_cls': 'ToEmbedParent.ToEmbedChild', 'recursive': {}}
+        }
+        self.assertEqual(doc.field, expected)
+
+    def test_dictfield_strict(self):
+        """Ensure that dict field handles validation if provided a strict field type."""
+        class Simple(Document):
+            mapping = DictField(field=IntField())
+
+        Simple.drop_collection()
+
+        e = Simple()
+        e.mapping['someint'] = 1
+        e.save()
+
+        # try creating an invalid mapping
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
+            e.mapping['somestring'] = "abc"
+            e.save()
+
+    def test_dictfield_complex(self):
+        """Ensure that the dict field can handle the complex types."""
+        class SettingBase(EmbeddedDocument):
+            meta = {'allow_inheritance': True}
+
+        class StringSetting(SettingBase):
+            value = StringField()
+
+        class IntegerSetting(SettingBase):
+            value = IntField()
+
+        class Simple(Document):
+            mapping = DictField()
+
+        Simple.drop_collection()
+
+        e = Simple()
+        e.mapping['somestring'] = StringSetting(value='foo')
+        e.mapping['someint'] = IntegerSetting(value=42)
+        e.mapping['nested_dict'] = {'number': 1, 'string': 'Hi!',
+                                    'float': 1.001,
+                                    'complex': IntegerSetting(value=42),
+                                    'list': [IntegerSetting(value=42),
+                                             StringSetting(value='foo')]}
+        e.save()
+
+        e2 = Simple.objects.get(id=e.id)
+        self.assertIsInstance(e2.mapping['somestring'], StringSetting)
+        self.assertIsInstance(e2.mapping['someint'], IntegerSetting)
+
+        # Test querying
+        self.assertEqual(
+            Simple.objects.filter(mapping__someint__value=42).count(), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            Simple.objects.filter(mapping__nested_dict__number=1).count(), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            Simple.objects.filter(mapping__nested_dict__complex__value=42).count(), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            Simple.objects.filter(mapping__nested_dict__list__0__value=42).count(), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            Simple.objects.filter(mapping__nested_dict__list__1__value='foo').count(), 1)
+
+        # Confirm can update
+        Simple.objects().update(
+            set__mapping={"someint": IntegerSetting(value=10)})
+        Simple.objects().update(
+            set__mapping__nested_dict__list__1=StringSetting(value='Boo'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            Simple.objects.filter(mapping__nested_dict__list__1__value='foo').count(), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            Simple.objects.filter(mapping__nested_dict__list__1__value='Boo').count(), 1)
+
+    def test_push_dict(self):
+        class MyModel(Document):
+            events = ListField(DictField())
+
+        doc = MyModel(events=[{'a': 1}]).save()
+        raw_doc = get_as_pymongo(doc)
+        expected_raw_doc = {
+            '_id': doc.id,
+            'events': [{'a': 1}]
+        }
+        self.assertEqual(raw_doc, expected_raw_doc)
+
+        MyModel.objects(id=doc.id).update(push__events={})
+        raw_doc = get_as_pymongo(doc)
+        expected_raw_doc = {
+            '_id': doc.id,
+            'events': [{'a': 1}, {}]
+        }
+        self.assertEqual(raw_doc, expected_raw_doc)
+
+    def test_ensure_unique_default_instances(self):
+        """Ensure that every field has it's own unique default instance."""
+        class D(Document):
+            data = DictField()
+            data2 = DictField(default=lambda: {})
+
+        d1 = D()
+        d1.data['foo'] = 'bar'
+        d1.data2['foo'] = 'bar'
+        d2 = D()
+        self.assertEqual(d2.data, {})
+        self.assertEqual(d2.data2, {})
+
+    def test_dict_field_invalid_dict_value(self):
+        class DictFieldTest(Document):
+            dictionary = DictField(required=True)
+
+        DictFieldTest.drop_collection()
+
+        test = DictFieldTest(dictionary=None)
+        test.dictionary  # Just access to test getter
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, test.validate)
+
+        test = DictFieldTest(dictionary=False)
+        test.dictionary  # Just access to test getter
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, test.validate)
+
+    def test_dict_field_raises_validation_error_if_wrongly_assign_embedded_doc(self):
+        class DictFieldTest(Document):
+            dictionary = DictField(required=True)
+
+        DictFieldTest.drop_collection()
+
+        class Embedded(EmbeddedDocument):
+            name = StringField()
+
+        embed = Embedded(name='garbage')
+        doc = DictFieldTest(dictionary=embed)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError) as ctx_err:
+            doc.validate()
+        self.assertIn("'dictionary'", str(ctx_err.exception))
+        self.assertIn('Only dictionaries may be used in a DictField', str(ctx_err.exception))
+
+    def test_atomic_update_dict_field(self):
+        """Ensure that the entire DictField can be atomically updated."""
+        class Simple(Document):
+            mapping = DictField(field=ListField(IntField(required=True)))
+
+        Simple.drop_collection()
+
+        e = Simple()
+        e.mapping['someints'] = [1, 2]
+        e.save()
+        e.update(set__mapping={"ints": [3, 4]})
+        e.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(BaseDict, type(e.mapping))
+        self.assertEqual({"ints": [3, 4]}, e.mapping)
+
+        # try creating an invalid mapping
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            e.update(set__mapping={"somestrings": ["foo", "bar", ]})
+
+    def test_dictfield_with_referencefield_complex_nesting_cases(self):
+        """Ensure complex nesting inside DictField handles dereferencing of ReferenceField(dbref=True | False)"""
+        # Relates to Issue #1453
+        class Doc(Document):
+            s = StringField()
+
+        class Simple(Document):
+            mapping0 = DictField(ReferenceField(Doc, dbref=True))
+            mapping1 = DictField(ReferenceField(Doc, dbref=False))
+            mapping2 = DictField(ListField(ReferenceField(Doc, dbref=True)))
+            mapping3 = DictField(ListField(ReferenceField(Doc, dbref=False)))
+            mapping4 = DictField(DictField(field=ReferenceField(Doc, dbref=True)))
+            mapping5 = DictField(DictField(field=ReferenceField(Doc, dbref=False)))
+            mapping6 = DictField(ListField(DictField(ReferenceField(Doc, dbref=True))))
+            mapping7 = DictField(ListField(DictField(ReferenceField(Doc, dbref=False))))
+            mapping8 = DictField(ListField(DictField(ListField(ReferenceField(Doc, dbref=True)))))
+            mapping9 = DictField(ListField(DictField(ListField(ReferenceField(Doc, dbref=False)))))
+
+        Doc.drop_collection()
+        Simple.drop_collection()
+
+        d = Doc(s='aa').save()
+        e = Simple()
+        e.mapping0['someint'] = e.mapping1['someint'] = d
+        e.mapping2['someint'] = e.mapping3['someint'] = [d]
+        e.mapping4['someint'] = e.mapping5['someint'] = {'d': d}
+        e.mapping6['someint'] = e.mapping7['someint'] = [{'d': d}]
+        e.mapping8['someint'] = e.mapping9['someint'] = [{'d': [d]}]
+        e.save()
+
+        s = Simple.objects.first()
+        self.assertIsInstance(s.mapping0['someint'], Doc)
+        self.assertIsInstance(s.mapping1['someint'], Doc)
+        self.assertIsInstance(s.mapping2['someint'][0], Doc)
+        self.assertIsInstance(s.mapping3['someint'][0], Doc)
+        self.assertIsInstance(s.mapping4['someint']['d'], Doc)
+        self.assertIsInstance(s.mapping5['someint']['d'], Doc)
+        self.assertIsInstance(s.mapping6['someint'][0]['d'], Doc)
+        self.assertIsInstance(s.mapping7['someint'][0]['d'], Doc)
+        self.assertIsInstance(s.mapping8['someint'][0]['d'][0], Doc)
+        self.assertIsInstance(s.mapping9['someint'][0]['d'][0], Doc)

tests/fields/test_email_field.py

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import sys
+from unittest import SkipTest
+
+from mongoengine import *
+
+from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
+
+
+class TestEmailField(MongoDBTestCase):
+    def test_generic_behavior(self):
+        class User(Document):
+            email = EmailField()
+
+        user = User(email='ross@example.com')
+        user.validate()
+
+        user = User(email='ross@example.co.uk')
+        user.validate()
+
+        user = User(email=('Kofq@rhom0e4klgauOhpbpNdogawnyIKvQS0wk2mjqrgGQ5S'
+                           'aJIazqqWkm7.net'))
+        user.validate()
+
+        user = User(email='new-tld@example.technology')
+        user.validate()
+
+        user = User(email='ross@example.com.')
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, user.validate)
+
+        # unicode domain
+        user = User(email=u'user@пример.рф')
+        user.validate()
+
+        # invalid unicode domain
+        user = User(email=u'user@пример')
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, user.validate)
+
+        # invalid data type
+        user = User(email=123)
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, user.validate)
+
+    def test_email_field_unicode_user(self):
+        # Don't run this test on pypy3, which doesn't support unicode regex:
+        # https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/issues/1821/regular-expression-doesnt-find-unicode
+        if sys.version_info[:2] == (3, 2):
+            raise SkipTest('unicode email addresses are not supported on PyPy 3')
+
+        class User(Document):
+            email = EmailField()
+
+        # unicode user shouldn't validate by default...
+        user = User(email=u'Dörte@Sörensen.example.com')
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, user.validate)
+
+        # ...but it should be fine with allow_utf8_user set to True
+        class User(Document):
+            email = EmailField(allow_utf8_user=True)
+
+        user = User(email=u'Dörte@Sörensen.example.com')
+        user.validate()
+
+    def test_email_field_domain_whitelist(self):
+        class User(Document):
+            email = EmailField()
+
+        # localhost domain shouldn't validate by default...
+        user = User(email='me@localhost')
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, user.validate)
+
+        # ...but it should be fine if it's whitelisted
+        class User(Document):
+            email = EmailField(domain_whitelist=['localhost'])
+
+        user = User(email='me@localhost')
+        user.validate()
+
+    def test_email_field_ip_domain(self):
+        class User(Document):
+            email = EmailField()
+
+        valid_ipv4 = 'email@[127.0.0.1]'
+        valid_ipv6 = 'email@[2001:dB8::1]'
+        invalid_ip = 'email@[324.0.0.1]'
+
+        # IP address as a domain shouldn't validate by default...
+        user = User(email=valid_ipv4)
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, user.validate)
+
+        user = User(email=valid_ipv6)
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, user.validate)
+
+        user = User(email=invalid_ip)
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, user.validate)
+
+        # ...but it should be fine with allow_ip_domain set to True
+        class User(Document):
+            email = EmailField(allow_ip_domain=True)
+
+        user = User(email=valid_ipv4)
+        user.validate()
+
+        user = User(email=valid_ipv6)
+        user.validate()
+
+        # invalid IP should still fail validation
+        user = User(email=invalid_ip)
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, user.validate)
+
+    def test_email_field_honors_regex(self):
+        class User(Document):
+            email = EmailField(regex=r'\w+@example.com')
+
+        # Fails regex validation
+        user = User(email='me@foo.com')
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, user.validate)
+
+        # Passes regex validation
+        user = User(email='me@example.com')
+        self.assertIsNone(user.validate())

tests/fields/test_float_field.py

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import six
+
+from mongoengine import *
+
+from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
+
+
+class TestFloatField(MongoDBTestCase):
+
+    def test_float_ne_operator(self):
+        class TestDocument(Document):
+            float_fld = FloatField()
+
+        TestDocument.drop_collection()
+
+        TestDocument(float_fld=None).save()
+        TestDocument(float_fld=1).save()
+
+        self.assertEqual(1, TestDocument.objects(float_fld__ne=None).count())
+        self.assertEqual(1, TestDocument.objects(float_fld__ne=1).count())
+
+    def test_validation(self):
+        """Ensure that invalid values cannot be assigned to float fields.
+        """
+        class Person(Document):
+            height = FloatField(min_value=0.1, max_value=3.5)
+
+        class BigPerson(Document):
+            height = FloatField()
+
+        person = Person()
+        person.height = 1.89
+        person.validate()
+
+        person.height = '2.0'
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+
+        person.height = 0.01
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+
+        person.height = 4.0
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+
+        person_2 = Person(height='something invalid')
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person_2.validate)
+
+        big_person = BigPerson()
+
+        for value, value_type in enumerate(six.integer_types):
+            big_person.height = value_type(value)
+            big_person.validate()
+
+        big_person.height = 2 ** 500
+        big_person.validate()
+
+        big_person.height = 2 ** 100000  # Too big for a float value
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, big_person.validate)

tests/fields/test_int_field.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+from mongoengine import *
+
+from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
+
+
+class TestIntField(MongoDBTestCase):
+
+    def test_int_validation(self):
+        """Ensure that invalid values cannot be assigned to int fields.
+        """
+        class Person(Document):
+            age = IntField(min_value=0, max_value=110)
+
+        person = Person()
+        person.age = 0
+        person.validate()
+
+        person.age = 50
+        person.validate()
+
+        person.age = 110
+        person.validate()
+
+        person.age = -1
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+        person.age = 120
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+        person.age = 'ten'
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+
+    def test_ne_operator(self):
+        class TestDocument(Document):
+            int_fld = IntField()
+
+        TestDocument.drop_collection()
+
+        TestDocument(int_fld=None).save()
+        TestDocument(int_fld=1).save()
+
+        self.assertEqual(1, TestDocument.objects(int_fld__ne=None).count())
+        self.assertEqual(1, TestDocument.objects(int_fld__ne=1).count())

tests/fields/test_lazy_reference_field.py

@@ -0,0 +1,524 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+from bson import DBRef, ObjectId
+
+from mongoengine import *
+from mongoengine.base import LazyReference
+
+from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
+
+
+class TestLazyReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
+    def test_lazy_reference_config(self):
+        # Make sure ReferenceField only accepts a document class or a string
+        # with a document class name.
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, LazyReferenceField, EmbeddedDocument)
+
+    def test_lazy_reference_simple(self):
+        class Animal(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            tag = StringField()
+
+        class Ocurrence(Document):
+            person = StringField()
+            animal = LazyReferenceField(Animal)
+
+        Animal.drop_collection()
+        Ocurrence.drop_collection()
+
+        animal = Animal(name="Leopard", tag="heavy").save()
+        Ocurrence(person="test", animal=animal).save()
+        p = Ocurrence.objects.get()
+        self.assertIsInstance(p.animal, LazyReference)
+        fetched_animal = p.animal.fetch()
+        self.assertEqual(fetched_animal, animal)
+        # `fetch` keep cache on referenced document by default...
+        animal.tag = "not so heavy"
+        animal.save()
+        double_fetch = p.animal.fetch()
+        self.assertIs(fetched_animal, double_fetch)
+        self.assertEqual(double_fetch.tag, "heavy")
+        # ...unless specified otherwise
+        fetch_force = p.animal.fetch(force=True)
+        self.assertIsNot(fetch_force, fetched_animal)
+        self.assertEqual(fetch_force.tag, "not so heavy")
+
+    def test_lazy_reference_fetch_invalid_ref(self):
+        class Animal(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            tag = StringField()
+
+        class Ocurrence(Document):
+            person = StringField()
+            animal = LazyReferenceField(Animal)
+
+        Animal.drop_collection()
+        Ocurrence.drop_collection()
+
+        animal = Animal(name="Leopard", tag="heavy").save()
+        Ocurrence(person="test", animal=animal).save()
+        animal.delete()
+        p = Ocurrence.objects.get()
+        self.assertIsInstance(p.animal, LazyReference)
+        with self.assertRaises(DoesNotExist):
+            p.animal.fetch()
+
+    def test_lazy_reference_set(self):
+        class Animal(Document):
+            meta = {'allow_inheritance': True}
+
+            name = StringField()
+            tag = StringField()
+
+        class Ocurrence(Document):
+            person = StringField()
+            animal = LazyReferenceField(Animal)
+
+        Animal.drop_collection()
+        Ocurrence.drop_collection()
+
+        class SubAnimal(Animal):
+            nick = StringField()
+
+        animal = Animal(name="Leopard", tag="heavy").save()
+        sub_animal = SubAnimal(nick='doggo', name='dog').save()
+        for ref in (
+                animal,
+                animal.pk,
+                DBRef(animal._get_collection_name(), animal.pk),
+                LazyReference(Animal, animal.pk),
+
+                sub_animal,
+                sub_animal.pk,
+                DBRef(sub_animal._get_collection_name(), sub_animal.pk),
+                LazyReference(SubAnimal, sub_animal.pk),
+                ):
+            p = Ocurrence(person="test", animal=ref).save()
+            p.reload()
+            self.assertIsInstance(p.animal, LazyReference)
+            p.animal.fetch()
+
+    def test_lazy_reference_bad_set(self):
+        class Animal(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            tag = StringField()
+
+        class Ocurrence(Document):
+            person = StringField()
+            animal = LazyReferenceField(Animal)
+
+        Animal.drop_collection()
+        Ocurrence.drop_collection()
+
+        class BadDoc(Document):
+            pass
+
+        animal = Animal(name="Leopard", tag="heavy").save()
+        baddoc = BadDoc().save()
+        for bad in (
+                42,
+                'foo',
+                baddoc,
+                DBRef(baddoc._get_collection_name(), animal.pk),
+                LazyReference(BadDoc, animal.pk)
+                ):
+            with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
+                p = Ocurrence(person="test", animal=bad).save()
+
+    def test_lazy_reference_query_conversion(self):
+        """Ensure that LazyReferenceFields can be queried using objects and values
+        of the type of the primary key of the referenced object.
+        """
+        class Member(Document):
+            user_num = IntField(primary_key=True)
+
+        class BlogPost(Document):
+            title = StringField()
+            author = LazyReferenceField(Member, dbref=False)
+
+        Member.drop_collection()
+        BlogPost.drop_collection()
+
+        m1 = Member(user_num=1)
+        m1.save()
+        m2 = Member(user_num=2)
+        m2.save()
+
+        post1 = BlogPost(title='post 1', author=m1)
+        post1.save()
+
+        post2 = BlogPost(title='post 2', author=m2)
+        post2.save()
+
+        post = BlogPost.objects(author=m1).first()
+        self.assertEqual(post.id, post1.id)
+
+        post = BlogPost.objects(author=m2).first()
+        self.assertEqual(post.id, post2.id)
+
+        # Same thing by passing a LazyReference instance
+        post = BlogPost.objects(author=LazyReference(Member, m2.pk)).first()
+        self.assertEqual(post.id, post2.id)
+
+    def test_lazy_reference_query_conversion_dbref(self):
+        """Ensure that LazyReferenceFields can be queried using objects and values
+        of the type of the primary key of the referenced object.
+        """
+        class Member(Document):
+            user_num = IntField(primary_key=True)
+
+        class BlogPost(Document):
+            title = StringField()
+            author = LazyReferenceField(Member, dbref=True)
+
+        Member.drop_collection()
+        BlogPost.drop_collection()
+
+        m1 = Member(user_num=1)
+        m1.save()
+        m2 = Member(user_num=2)
+        m2.save()
+
+        post1 = BlogPost(title='post 1', author=m1)
+        post1.save()
+
+        post2 = BlogPost(title='post 2', author=m2)
+        post2.save()
+
+        post = BlogPost.objects(author=m1).first()
+        self.assertEqual(post.id, post1.id)
+
+        post = BlogPost.objects(author=m2).first()
+        self.assertEqual(post.id, post2.id)
+
+        # Same thing by passing a LazyReference instance
+        post = BlogPost.objects(author=LazyReference(Member, m2.pk)).first()
+        self.assertEqual(post.id, post2.id)
+
+    def test_lazy_reference_passthrough(self):
+        class Animal(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            tag = StringField()
+
+        class Ocurrence(Document):
+            animal = LazyReferenceField(Animal, passthrough=False)
+            animal_passthrough = LazyReferenceField(Animal, passthrough=True)
+
+        Animal.drop_collection()
+        Ocurrence.drop_collection()
+
+        animal = Animal(name="Leopard", tag="heavy").save()
+        Ocurrence(animal=animal, animal_passthrough=animal).save()
+        p = Ocurrence.objects.get()
+        self.assertIsInstance(p.animal, LazyReference)
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+            p.animal['name']
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+            p.animal.name
+        self.assertEqual(p.animal.pk, animal.pk)
+
+        self.assertEqual(p.animal_passthrough.name, "Leopard")
+        self.assertEqual(p.animal_passthrough['name'], "Leopard")
+
+        # Should not be able to access referenced document's methods
+        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
+            p.animal.save
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+            p.animal['save']
+
+    def test_lazy_reference_not_set(self):
+        class Animal(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            tag = StringField()
+
+        class Ocurrence(Document):
+            person = StringField()
+            animal = LazyReferenceField(Animal)
+
+        Animal.drop_collection()
+        Ocurrence.drop_collection()
+
+        Ocurrence(person='foo').save()
+        p = Ocurrence.objects.get()
+        self.assertIs(p.animal, None)
+
+    def test_lazy_reference_equality(self):
+        class Animal(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            tag = StringField()
+
+        Animal.drop_collection()
+
+        animal = Animal(name="Leopard", tag="heavy").save()
+        animalref = LazyReference(Animal, animal.pk)
+        self.assertEqual(animal, animalref)
+        self.assertEqual(animalref, animal)
+
+        other_animalref = LazyReference(Animal, ObjectId("54495ad94c934721ede76f90"))
+        self.assertNotEqual(animal, other_animalref)
+        self.assertNotEqual(other_animalref, animal)
+
+    def test_lazy_reference_embedded(self):
+        class Animal(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            tag = StringField()
+
+        class EmbeddedOcurrence(EmbeddedDocument):
+            in_list = ListField(LazyReferenceField(Animal))
+            direct = LazyReferenceField(Animal)
+
+        class Ocurrence(Document):
+            in_list = ListField(LazyReferenceField(Animal))
+            in_embedded = EmbeddedDocumentField(EmbeddedOcurrence)
+            direct = LazyReferenceField(Animal)
+
+        Animal.drop_collection()
+        Ocurrence.drop_collection()
+
+        animal1 = Animal('doggo').save()
+        animal2 = Animal('cheeta').save()
+
+        def check_fields_type(occ):
+            self.assertIsInstance(occ.direct, LazyReference)
+            for elem in occ.in_list:
+                self.assertIsInstance(elem, LazyReference)
+            self.assertIsInstance(occ.in_embedded.direct, LazyReference)
+            for elem in occ.in_embedded.in_list:
+                self.assertIsInstance(elem, LazyReference)
+
+        occ = Ocurrence(
+            in_list=[animal1, animal2],
+            in_embedded={'in_list': [animal1, animal2], 'direct': animal1},
+            direct=animal1
+        ).save()
+        check_fields_type(occ)
+        occ.reload()
+        check_fields_type(occ)
+        occ.direct = animal1.id
+        occ.in_list = [animal1.id, animal2.id]
+        occ.in_embedded.direct = animal1.id
+        occ.in_embedded.in_list = [animal1.id, animal2.id]
+        check_fields_type(occ)
+
+
+class TestGenericLazyReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
+    def test_generic_lazy_reference_simple(self):
+        class Animal(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            tag = StringField()
+
+        class Ocurrence(Document):
+            person = StringField()
+            animal = GenericLazyReferenceField()
+
+        Animal.drop_collection()
+        Ocurrence.drop_collection()
+
+        animal = Animal(name="Leopard", tag="heavy").save()
+        Ocurrence(person="test", animal=animal).save()
+        p = Ocurrence.objects.get()
+        self.assertIsInstance(p.animal, LazyReference)
+        fetched_animal = p.animal.fetch()
+        self.assertEqual(fetched_animal, animal)
+        # `fetch` keep cache on referenced document by default...
+        animal.tag = "not so heavy"
+        animal.save()
+        double_fetch = p.animal.fetch()
+        self.assertIs(fetched_animal, double_fetch)
+        self.assertEqual(double_fetch.tag, "heavy")
+        # ...unless specified otherwise
+        fetch_force = p.animal.fetch(force=True)
+        self.assertIsNot(fetch_force, fetched_animal)
+        self.assertEqual(fetch_force.tag, "not so heavy")
+
+    def test_generic_lazy_reference_choices(self):
+        class Animal(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+
+        class Vegetal(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+
+        class Mineral(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+
+        class Ocurrence(Document):
+            living_thing = GenericLazyReferenceField(choices=[Animal, Vegetal])
+            thing = GenericLazyReferenceField()
+
+        Animal.drop_collection()
+        Vegetal.drop_collection()
+        Mineral.drop_collection()
+        Ocurrence.drop_collection()
+
+        animal = Animal(name="Leopard").save()
+        vegetal = Vegetal(name="Oak").save()
+        mineral = Mineral(name="Granite").save()
+
+        occ_animal = Ocurrence(living_thing=animal, thing=animal).save()
+        occ_vegetal = Ocurrence(living_thing=vegetal, thing=vegetal).save()
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
+            Ocurrence(living_thing=mineral).save()
+
+        occ = Ocurrence.objects.get(living_thing=animal)
+        self.assertEqual(occ, occ_animal)
+        self.assertIsInstance(occ.thing, LazyReference)
+        self.assertIsInstance(occ.living_thing, LazyReference)
+
+        occ.thing = vegetal
+        occ.living_thing = vegetal
+        occ.save()
+
+        occ.thing = mineral
+        occ.living_thing = mineral
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
+            occ.save()
+
+    def test_generic_lazy_reference_set(self):
+        class Animal(Document):
+            meta = {'allow_inheritance': True}
+
+            name = StringField()
+            tag = StringField()
+
+        class Ocurrence(Document):
+            person = StringField()
+            animal = GenericLazyReferenceField()
+
+        Animal.drop_collection()
+        Ocurrence.drop_collection()
+
+        class SubAnimal(Animal):
+            nick = StringField()
+
+        animal = Animal(name="Leopard", tag="heavy").save()
+        sub_animal = SubAnimal(nick='doggo', name='dog').save()
+        for ref in (
+                animal,
+                LazyReference(Animal, animal.pk),
+                {'_cls': 'Animal', '_ref': DBRef(animal._get_collection_name(), animal.pk)},
+
+                sub_animal,
+                LazyReference(SubAnimal, sub_animal.pk),
+                {'_cls': 'SubAnimal', '_ref': DBRef(sub_animal._get_collection_name(), sub_animal.pk)},
+                ):
+            p = Ocurrence(person="test", animal=ref).save()
+            p.reload()
+            self.assertIsInstance(p.animal, (LazyReference, Document))
+            p.animal.fetch()
+
+    def test_generic_lazy_reference_bad_set(self):
+        class Animal(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            tag = StringField()
+
+        class Ocurrence(Document):
+            person = StringField()
+            animal = GenericLazyReferenceField(choices=['Animal'])
+
+        Animal.drop_collection()
+        Ocurrence.drop_collection()
+
+        class BadDoc(Document):
+            pass
+
+        animal = Animal(name="Leopard", tag="heavy").save()
+        baddoc = BadDoc().save()
+        for bad in (
+                42,
+                'foo',
+                baddoc,
+                LazyReference(BadDoc, animal.pk)
+                ):
+            with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
+                p = Ocurrence(person="test", animal=bad).save()
+
+    def test_generic_lazy_reference_query_conversion(self):
+        class Member(Document):
+            user_num = IntField(primary_key=True)
+
+        class BlogPost(Document):
+            title = StringField()
+            author = GenericLazyReferenceField()
+
+        Member.drop_collection()
+        BlogPost.drop_collection()
+
+        m1 = Member(user_num=1)
+        m1.save()
+        m2 = Member(user_num=2)
+        m2.save()
+
+        post1 = BlogPost(title='post 1', author=m1)
+        post1.save()
+
+        post2 = BlogPost(title='post 2', author=m2)
+        post2.save()
+
+        post = BlogPost.objects(author=m1).first()
+        self.assertEqual(post.id, post1.id)
+
+        post = BlogPost.objects(author=m2).first()
+        self.assertEqual(post.id, post2.id)
+
+        # Same thing by passing a LazyReference instance
+        post = BlogPost.objects(author=LazyReference(Member, m2.pk)).first()
+        self.assertEqual(post.id, post2.id)
+
+    def test_generic_lazy_reference_not_set(self):
+        class Animal(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            tag = StringField()
+
+        class Ocurrence(Document):
+            person = StringField()
+            animal = GenericLazyReferenceField()
+
+        Animal.drop_collection()
+        Ocurrence.drop_collection()
+
+        Ocurrence(person='foo').save()
+        p = Ocurrence.objects.get()
+        self.assertIs(p.animal, None)
+
+    def test_generic_lazy_reference_embedded(self):
+        class Animal(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            tag = StringField()
+
+        class EmbeddedOcurrence(EmbeddedDocument):
+            in_list = ListField(GenericLazyReferenceField())
+            direct = GenericLazyReferenceField()
+
+        class Ocurrence(Document):
+            in_list = ListField(GenericLazyReferenceField())
+            in_embedded = EmbeddedDocumentField(EmbeddedOcurrence)
+            direct = GenericLazyReferenceField()
+
+        Animal.drop_collection()
+        Ocurrence.drop_collection()
+
+        animal1 = Animal('doggo').save()
+        animal2 = Animal('cheeta').save()
+
+        def check_fields_type(occ):
+            self.assertIsInstance(occ.direct, LazyReference)
+            for elem in occ.in_list:
+                self.assertIsInstance(elem, LazyReference)
+            self.assertIsInstance(occ.in_embedded.direct, LazyReference)
+            for elem in occ.in_embedded.in_list:
+                self.assertIsInstance(elem, LazyReference)
+
+        occ = Ocurrence(
+            in_list=[animal1, animal2],
+            in_embedded={'in_list': [animal1, animal2], 'direct': animal1},
+            direct=animal1
+        ).save()
+        check_fields_type(occ)
+        occ.reload()
+        check_fields_type(occ)
+        animal1_ref = {'_cls': 'Animal', '_ref': DBRef(animal1._get_collection_name(), animal1.pk)}
+        animal2_ref = {'_cls': 'Animal', '_ref': DBRef(animal2._get_collection_name(), animal2.pk)}
+        occ.direct = animal1_ref
+        occ.in_list = [animal1_ref, animal2_ref]
+        occ.in_embedded.direct = animal1_ref
+        occ.in_embedded.in_list = [animal1_ref, animal2_ref]
+        check_fields_type(occ)

tests/fields/test_long_field.py

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import six
+
+try:
+    from bson.int64 import Int64
+except ImportError:
+    Int64 = long
+
+from mongoengine import *
+from mongoengine.connection import get_db
+
+from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
+
+
+class TestLongField(MongoDBTestCase):
+
+    def test_long_field_is_considered_as_int64(self):
+        """
+        Tests that long fields are stored as long in mongo, even if long
+        value is small enough to be an int.
+        """
+        class TestLongFieldConsideredAsInt64(Document):
+            some_long = LongField()
+
+        doc = TestLongFieldConsideredAsInt64(some_long=42).save()
+        db = get_db()
+        self.assertIsInstance(db.test_long_field_considered_as_int64.find()[0]['some_long'], Int64)
+        self.assertIsInstance(doc.some_long, six.integer_types)
+
+    def test_long_validation(self):
+        """Ensure that invalid values cannot be assigned to long fields.
+        """
+        class TestDocument(Document):
+            value = LongField(min_value=0, max_value=110)
+
+        doc = TestDocument()
+        doc.value = 50
+        doc.validate()
+
+        doc.value = -1
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, doc.validate)
+        doc.age = 120
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, doc.validate)
+        doc.age = 'ten'
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, doc.validate)
+
+    def test_long_ne_operator(self):
+        class TestDocument(Document):
+            long_fld = LongField()
+
+        TestDocument.drop_collection()
+
+        TestDocument(long_fld=None).save()
+        TestDocument(long_fld=1).save()
+
+        self.assertEqual(1, TestDocument.objects(long_fld__ne=None).count())

tests/fields/test_map_field.py

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import datetime
+
+from mongoengine import *
+
+from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
+
+
+class TestMapField(MongoDBTestCase):
+
+    def test_mapfield(self):
+        """Ensure that the MapField handles the declared type."""
+        class Simple(Document):
+            mapping = MapField(IntField())
+
+        Simple.drop_collection()
+
+        e = Simple()
+        e.mapping['someint'] = 1
+        e.save()
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
+            e.mapping['somestring'] = "abc"
+            e.save()
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
+            class NoDeclaredType(Document):
+                mapping = MapField()
+
+    def test_complex_mapfield(self):
+        """Ensure that the MapField can handle complex declared types."""
+
+        class SettingBase(EmbeddedDocument):
+            meta = {"allow_inheritance": True}
+
+        class StringSetting(SettingBase):
+            value = StringField()
+
+        class IntegerSetting(SettingBase):
+            value = IntField()
+
+        class Extensible(Document):
+            mapping = MapField(EmbeddedDocumentField(SettingBase))
+
+        Extensible.drop_collection()
+
+        e = Extensible()
+        e.mapping['somestring'] = StringSetting(value='foo')
+        e.mapping['someint'] = IntegerSetting(value=42)
+        e.save()
+
+        e2 = Extensible.objects.get(id=e.id)
+        self.assertIsInstance(e2.mapping['somestring'], StringSetting)
+        self.assertIsInstance(e2.mapping['someint'], IntegerSetting)
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError):
+            e.mapping['someint'] = 123
+            e.save()
+
+    def test_embedded_mapfield_db_field(self):
+        class Embedded(EmbeddedDocument):
+            number = IntField(default=0, db_field='i')
+
+        class Test(Document):
+            my_map = MapField(field=EmbeddedDocumentField(Embedded),
+                              db_field='x')
+
+        Test.drop_collection()
+
+        test = Test()
+        test.my_map['DICTIONARY_KEY'] = Embedded(number=1)
+        test.save()
+
+        Test.objects.update_one(inc__my_map__DICTIONARY_KEY__number=1)
+
+        test = Test.objects.get()
+        self.assertEqual(test.my_map['DICTIONARY_KEY'].number, 2)
+        doc = self.db.test.find_one()
+        self.assertEqual(doc['x']['DICTIONARY_KEY']['i'], 2)
+
+    def test_mapfield_numerical_index(self):
+        """Ensure that MapField accept numeric strings as indexes."""
+
+        class Embedded(EmbeddedDocument):
+            name = StringField()
+
+        class Test(Document):
+            my_map = MapField(EmbeddedDocumentField(Embedded))
+
+        Test.drop_collection()
+
+        test = Test()
+        test.my_map['1'] = Embedded(name='test')
+        test.save()
+        test.my_map['1'].name = 'test updated'
+        test.save()
+
+    def test_map_field_lookup(self):
+        """Ensure MapField lookups succeed on Fields without a lookup
+        method.
+        """
+
+        class Action(EmbeddedDocument):
+            operation = StringField()
+            object = StringField()
+
+        class Log(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            visited = MapField(DateTimeField())
+            actions = MapField(EmbeddedDocumentField(Action))
+
+        Log.drop_collection()
+        Log(name="wilson", visited={'friends': datetime.datetime.now()},
+            actions={'friends': Action(operation='drink', object='beer')}).save()
+
+        self.assertEqual(1, Log.objects(
+            visited__friends__exists=True).count())
+
+        self.assertEqual(1, Log.objects(
+            actions__friends__operation='drink',
+            actions__friends__object='beer').count())
+
+    def test_map_field_unicode(self):
+        class Info(EmbeddedDocument):
+            description = StringField()
+            value_list = ListField(field=StringField())
+
+        class BlogPost(Document):
+            info_dict = MapField(field=EmbeddedDocumentField(Info))
+
+        BlogPost.drop_collection()
+
+        tree = BlogPost(info_dict={
+            u"éééé": {
+                'description': u"VALUE: éééé"
+            }
+        })
+
+        tree.save()
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            BlogPost.objects.get(id=tree.id).info_dict[u"éééé"].description,
+            u"VALUE: éééé"
+        )

tests/fields/test_reference_field.py

@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+from bson import SON, DBRef
+
+from mongoengine import *
+
+from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
+
+
+class TestReferenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
+    def test_reference_validation(self):
+        """Ensure that invalid document objects cannot be assigned to
+        reference fields.
+        """
+
+        class User(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+
+        class BlogPost(Document):
+            content = StringField()
+            author = ReferenceField(User)
+
+        User.drop_collection()
+        BlogPost.drop_collection()
+
+        # Make sure ReferenceField only accepts a document class or a string
+        # with a document class name.
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, ReferenceField, EmbeddedDocument)
+
+        user = User(name='Test User')
+
+        # Ensure that the referenced object must have been saved
+        post1 = BlogPost(content='Chips and gravy taste good.')
+        post1.author = user
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, post1.save)
+
+        # Check that an invalid object type cannot be used
+        post2 = BlogPost(content='Chips and chilli taste good.')
+        post1.author = post2
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, post1.validate)
+
+        # Ensure ObjectID's are accepted as references
+        user_object_id = user.pk
+        post3 = BlogPost(content="Chips and curry sauce taste good.")
+        post3.author = user_object_id
+        post3.save()
+
+        # Make sure referencing a saved document of the right type works
+        user.save()
+        post1.author = user
+        post1.save()
+
+        # Make sure referencing a saved document of the *wrong* type fails
+        post2.save()
+        post1.author = post2
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, post1.validate)
+
+    def test_objectid_reference_fields(self):
+        """Make sure storing Object ID references works."""
+
+        class Person(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            parent = ReferenceField('self')
+
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        p1 = Person(name="John").save()
+        Person(name="Ross", parent=p1.pk).save()
+
+        p = Person.objects.get(name="Ross")
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent, p1)
+
+    def test_dbref_reference_fields(self):
+        """Make sure storing references as bson.dbref.DBRef works."""
+
+        class Person(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            parent = ReferenceField('self', dbref=True)
+
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        p1 = Person(name="John").save()
+        Person(name="Ross", parent=p1).save()
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            Person._get_collection().find_one({'name': 'Ross'})['parent'],
+            DBRef('person', p1.pk)
+        )
+
+        p = Person.objects.get(name="Ross")
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent, p1)
+
+    def test_dbref_to_mongo(self):
+        """Make sure that calling to_mongo on a ReferenceField which
+        has dbref=False, but actually actually contains a DBRef returns
+        an ID of that DBRef.
+        """
+
+        class Person(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            parent = ReferenceField('self', dbref=False)
+
+        p = Person(
+            name='Steve',
+            parent=DBRef('person', 'abcdefghijklmnop')
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(p.to_mongo(), SON([
+            ('name', u'Steve'),
+            ('parent', 'abcdefghijklmnop')
+        ]))
+
+    def test_objectid_reference_fields(self):
+        class Person(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            parent = ReferenceField('self', dbref=False)
+
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        p1 = Person(name="John").save()
+        Person(name="Ross", parent=p1).save()
+
+        col = Person._get_collection()
+        data = col.find_one({'name': 'Ross'})
+        self.assertEqual(data['parent'], p1.pk)
+
+        p = Person.objects.get(name="Ross")
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent, p1)
+
+    def test_undefined_reference(self):
+        """Ensure that ReferenceFields may reference undefined Documents.
+        """
+        class Product(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            company = ReferenceField('Company')
+
+        class Company(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+
+        Product.drop_collection()
+        Company.drop_collection()
+
+        ten_gen = Company(name='10gen')
+        ten_gen.save()
+        mongodb = Product(name='MongoDB', company=ten_gen)
+        mongodb.save()
+
+        me = Product(name='MongoEngine')
+        me.save()
+
+        obj = Product.objects(company=ten_gen).first()
+        self.assertEqual(obj, mongodb)
+        self.assertEqual(obj.company, ten_gen)
+
+        obj = Product.objects(company=None).first()
+        self.assertEqual(obj, me)
+
+        obj = Product.objects.get(company=None)
+        self.assertEqual(obj, me)
+
+    def test_reference_query_conversion(self):
+        """Ensure that ReferenceFields can be queried using objects and values
+        of the type of the primary key of the referenced object.
+        """
+        class Member(Document):
+            user_num = IntField(primary_key=True)
+
+        class BlogPost(Document):
+            title = StringField()
+            author = ReferenceField(Member, dbref=False)
+
+        Member.drop_collection()
+        BlogPost.drop_collection()
+
+        m1 = Member(user_num=1)
+        m1.save()
+        m2 = Member(user_num=2)
+        m2.save()
+
+        post1 = BlogPost(title='post 1', author=m1)
+        post1.save()
+
+        post2 = BlogPost(title='post 2', author=m2)
+        post2.save()
+
+        post = BlogPost.objects(author=m1).first()
+        self.assertEqual(post.id, post1.id)
+
+        post = BlogPost.objects(author=m2).first()
+        self.assertEqual(post.id, post2.id)
+
+    def test_reference_query_conversion_dbref(self):
+        """Ensure that ReferenceFields can be queried using objects and values
+        of the type of the primary key of the referenced object.
+        """
+        class Member(Document):
+            user_num = IntField(primary_key=True)
+
+        class BlogPost(Document):
+            title = StringField()
+            author = ReferenceField(Member, dbref=True)
+
+        Member.drop_collection()
+        BlogPost.drop_collection()
+
+        m1 = Member(user_num=1)
+        m1.save()
+        m2 = Member(user_num=2)
+        m2.save()
+
+        post1 = BlogPost(title='post 1', author=m1)
+        post1.save()
+
+        post2 = BlogPost(title='post 2', author=m2)
+        post2.save()
+
+        post = BlogPost.objects(author=m1).first()
+        self.assertEqual(post.id, post1.id)
+
+        post = BlogPost.objects(author=m2).first()
+        self.assertEqual(post.id, post2.id)

tests/fields/test_sequence_field.py

@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+from mongoengine import *
+
+from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
+
+
+class TestSequenceField(MongoDBTestCase):
+    def test_sequence_field(self):
+        class Person(Document):
+            id = SequenceField(primary_key=True)
+            name = StringField()
+
+        self.db['mongoengine.counters'].drop()
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        for x in range(10):
+            Person(name="Person %s" % x).save()
+
+        c = self.db['mongoengine.counters'].find_one({'_id': 'person.id'})
+        self.assertEqual(c['next'], 10)
+
+        ids = [i.id for i in Person.objects]
+        self.assertEqual(ids, range(1, 11))
+
+        c = self.db['mongoengine.counters'].find_one({'_id': 'person.id'})
+        self.assertEqual(c['next'], 10)
+
+        Person.id.set_next_value(1000)
+        c = self.db['mongoengine.counters'].find_one({'_id': 'person.id'})
+        self.assertEqual(c['next'], 1000)
+
+    def test_sequence_field_get_next_value(self):
+        class Person(Document):
+            id = SequenceField(primary_key=True)
+            name = StringField()
+
+        self.db['mongoengine.counters'].drop()
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        for x in range(10):
+            Person(name="Person %s" % x).save()
+
+        self.assertEqual(Person.id.get_next_value(), 11)
+        self.db['mongoengine.counters'].drop()
+
+        self.assertEqual(Person.id.get_next_value(), 1)
+
+        class Person(Document):
+            id = SequenceField(primary_key=True, value_decorator=str)
+            name = StringField()
+
+        self.db['mongoengine.counters'].drop()
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        for x in range(10):
+            Person(name="Person %s" % x).save()
+
+        self.assertEqual(Person.id.get_next_value(), '11')
+        self.db['mongoengine.counters'].drop()
+
+        self.assertEqual(Person.id.get_next_value(), '1')
+
+    def test_sequence_field_sequence_name(self):
+        class Person(Document):
+            id = SequenceField(primary_key=True, sequence_name='jelly')
+            name = StringField()
+
+        self.db['mongoengine.counters'].drop()
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        for x in range(10):
+            Person(name="Person %s" % x).save()
+
+        c = self.db['mongoengine.counters'].find_one({'_id': 'jelly.id'})
+        self.assertEqual(c['next'], 10)
+
+        ids = [i.id for i in Person.objects]
+        self.assertEqual(ids, range(1, 11))
+
+        c = self.db['mongoengine.counters'].find_one({'_id': 'jelly.id'})
+        self.assertEqual(c['next'], 10)
+
+        Person.id.set_next_value(1000)
+        c = self.db['mongoengine.counters'].find_one({'_id': 'jelly.id'})
+        self.assertEqual(c['next'], 1000)
+
+    def test_multiple_sequence_fields(self):
+        class Person(Document):
+            id = SequenceField(primary_key=True)
+            counter = SequenceField()
+            name = StringField()
+
+        self.db['mongoengine.counters'].drop()
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        for x in range(10):
+            Person(name="Person %s" % x).save()
+
+        c = self.db['mongoengine.counters'].find_one({'_id': 'person.id'})
+        self.assertEqual(c['next'], 10)
+
+        ids = [i.id for i in Person.objects]
+        self.assertEqual(ids, range(1, 11))
+
+        counters = [i.counter for i in Person.objects]
+        self.assertEqual(counters, range(1, 11))
+
+        c = self.db['mongoengine.counters'].find_one({'_id': 'person.id'})
+        self.assertEqual(c['next'], 10)
+
+        Person.id.set_next_value(1000)
+        c = self.db['mongoengine.counters'].find_one({'_id': 'person.id'})
+        self.assertEqual(c['next'], 1000)
+
+        Person.counter.set_next_value(999)
+        c = self.db['mongoengine.counters'].find_one({'_id': 'person.counter'})
+        self.assertEqual(c['next'], 999)
+
+    def test_sequence_fields_reload(self):
+        class Animal(Document):
+            counter = SequenceField()
+            name = StringField()
+
+        self.db['mongoengine.counters'].drop()
+        Animal.drop_collection()
+
+        a = Animal(name="Boi").save()
+
+        self.assertEqual(a.counter, 1)
+        a.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(a.counter, 1)
+
+        a.counter = None
+        self.assertEqual(a.counter, 2)
+        a.save()
+
+        self.assertEqual(a.counter, 2)
+
+        a = Animal.objects.first()
+        self.assertEqual(a.counter, 2)
+        a.reload()
+        self.assertEqual(a.counter, 2)
+
+    def test_multiple_sequence_fields_on_docs(self):
+        class Animal(Document):
+            id = SequenceField(primary_key=True)
+            name = StringField()
+
+        class Person(Document):
+            id = SequenceField(primary_key=True)
+            name = StringField()
+
+        self.db['mongoengine.counters'].drop()
+        Animal.drop_collection()
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        for x in range(10):
+            Animal(name="Animal %s" % x).save()
+            Person(name="Person %s" % x).save()
+
+        c = self.db['mongoengine.counters'].find_one({'_id': 'person.id'})
+        self.assertEqual(c['next'], 10)
+
+        c = self.db['mongoengine.counters'].find_one({'_id': 'animal.id'})
+        self.assertEqual(c['next'], 10)
+
+        ids = [i.id for i in Person.objects]
+        self.assertEqual(ids, range(1, 11))
+
+        id = [i.id for i in Animal.objects]
+        self.assertEqual(id, range(1, 11))
+
+        c = self.db['mongoengine.counters'].find_one({'_id': 'person.id'})
+        self.assertEqual(c['next'], 10)
+
+        c = self.db['mongoengine.counters'].find_one({'_id': 'animal.id'})
+        self.assertEqual(c['next'], 10)
+
+    def test_sequence_field_value_decorator(self):
+        class Person(Document):
+            id = SequenceField(primary_key=True, value_decorator=str)
+            name = StringField()
+
+        self.db['mongoengine.counters'].drop()
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        for x in range(10):
+            p = Person(name="Person %s" % x)
+            p.save()
+
+        c = self.db['mongoengine.counters'].find_one({'_id': 'person.id'})
+        self.assertEqual(c['next'], 10)
+
+        ids = [i.id for i in Person.objects]
+        self.assertEqual(ids, map(str, range(1, 11)))
+
+        c = self.db['mongoengine.counters'].find_one({'_id': 'person.id'})
+        self.assertEqual(c['next'], 10)
+
+    def test_embedded_sequence_field(self):
+        class Comment(EmbeddedDocument):
+            id = SequenceField()
+            content = StringField(required=True)
+
+        class Post(Document):
+            title = StringField(required=True)
+            comments = ListField(EmbeddedDocumentField(Comment))
+
+        self.db['mongoengine.counters'].drop()
+        Post.drop_collection()
+
+        Post(title="MongoEngine",
+             comments=[Comment(content="NoSQL Rocks"),
+                       Comment(content="MongoEngine Rocks")]).save()
+        c = self.db['mongoengine.counters'].find_one({'_id': 'comment.id'})
+        self.assertEqual(c['next'], 2)
+        post = Post.objects.first()
+        self.assertEqual(1, post.comments[0].id)
+        self.assertEqual(2, post.comments[1].id)
+
+    def test_inherited_sequencefield(self):
+        class Base(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            counter = SequenceField()
+            meta = {'abstract': True}
+
+        class Foo(Base):
+            pass
+
+        class Bar(Base):
+            pass
+
+        bar = Bar(name='Bar')
+        bar.save()
+
+        foo = Foo(name='Foo')
+        foo.save()
+
+        self.assertTrue('base.counter' in
+                        self.db['mongoengine.counters'].find().distinct('_id'))
+        self.assertFalse(('foo.counter' or 'bar.counter') in
+                         self.db['mongoengine.counters'].find().distinct('_id'))
+        self.assertNotEqual(foo.counter, bar.counter)
+        self.assertEqual(foo._fields['counter'].owner_document, Base)
+        self.assertEqual(bar._fields['counter'].owner_document, Base)
+
+    def test_no_inherited_sequencefield(self):
+        class Base(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            meta = {'abstract': True}
+
+        class Foo(Base):
+            counter = SequenceField()
+
+        class Bar(Base):
+            counter = SequenceField()
+
+        bar = Bar(name='Bar')
+        bar.save()
+
+        foo = Foo(name='Foo')
+        foo.save()
+
+        self.assertFalse('base.counter' in
+                         self.db['mongoengine.counters'].find().distinct('_id'))
+        self.assertTrue(('foo.counter' and 'bar.counter') in
+                         self.db['mongoengine.counters'].find().distinct('_id'))
+        self.assertEqual(foo.counter, bar.counter)
+        self.assertEqual(foo._fields['counter'].owner_document, Foo)
+        self.assertEqual(bar._fields['counter'].owner_document, Bar)

tests/fields/test_url_field.py

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+from mongoengine import *
+
+from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase
+
+
+class TestURLField(MongoDBTestCase):
+
+    def test_validation(self):
+        """Ensure that URLFields validate urls properly."""
+        class Link(Document):
+            url = URLField()
+
+        link = Link()
+        link.url = 'google'
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, link.validate)
+
+        link.url = 'http://www.google.com:8080'
+        link.validate()
+
+    def test_unicode_url_validation(self):
+        """Ensure unicode URLs are validated properly."""
+        class Link(Document):
+            url = URLField()
+
+        link = Link()
+        link.url = u'http://привет.com'
+
+        # TODO fix URL validation - this *IS* a valid URL
+        # For now we just want to make sure that the error message is correct
+        with self.assertRaises(ValidationError) as ctx_err:
+            link.validate()
+        self.assertEqual(unicode(ctx_err.exception),
+                         u"ValidationError (Link:None) (Invalid URL: http://\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442.com: ['url'])")
+
+    def test_url_scheme_validation(self):
+        """Ensure that URLFields validate urls with specific schemes properly.
+        """
+        class Link(Document):
+            url = URLField()
+
+        class SchemeLink(Document):
+            url = URLField(schemes=['ws', 'irc'])
+
+        link = Link()
+        link.url = 'ws://google.com'
+        self.assertRaises(ValidationError, link.validate)
+
+        scheme_link = SchemeLink()
+        scheme_link.url = 'ws://google.com'
+        scheme_link.validate()
+
+    def test_underscore_allowed_in_domains_names(self):
+        class Link(Document):
+            url = URLField()
+
+        link = Link()
+        link.url = 'https://san_leandro-ca.geebo.com'
+        link.validate()

tests/fields/test_uuid_field.py

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import uuid
+
+from mongoengine import *
+
+from tests.utils import MongoDBTestCase, get_as_pymongo
+
+
+class Person(Document):
+    api_key = UUIDField(binary=False)
+
+
+class TestUUIDField(MongoDBTestCase):
+    def test_storage(self):
+        uid = uuid.uuid4()
+        person = Person(api_key=uid).save()
+        self.assertEqual(
+            get_as_pymongo(person),
+            {'_id': person.id,
+             'api_key': str(uid)
+             }
+            )
+
+    def test_field_string(self):
+        """Test UUID fields storing as String
+        """
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        uu = uuid.uuid4()
+        Person(api_key=uu).save()
+        self.assertEqual(1, Person.objects(api_key=uu).count())
+        self.assertEqual(uu, Person.objects.first().api_key)
+
+        person = Person()
+        valid = (uuid.uuid4(), uuid.uuid1())
+        for api_key in valid:
+            person.api_key = api_key
+            person.validate()
+
+        invalid = ('9d159858-549b-4975-9f98-dd2f987c113g',
+                   '9d159858-549b-4975-9f98-dd2f987c113')
+        for api_key in invalid:
+            person.api_key = api_key
+            self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)
+
+    def test_field_binary(self):
+        """Test UUID fields storing as Binary object."""
+        Person.drop_collection()
+
+        uu = uuid.uuid4()
+        Person(api_key=uu).save()
+        self.assertEqual(1, Person.objects(api_key=uu).count())
+        self.assertEqual(uu, Person.objects.first().api_key)
+
+        person = Person()
+        valid = (uuid.uuid4(), uuid.uuid1())
+        for api_key in valid:
+            person.api_key = api_key
+            person.validate()
+
+        invalid = ('9d159858-549b-4975-9f98-dd2f987c113g',
+                   '9d159858-549b-4975-9f98-dd2f987c113')
+        for api_key in invalid:
+            person.api_key = api_key
+            self.assertRaises(ValidationError, person.validate)

tests/fixtures.py

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ class PickleSignalsTest(Document):
     def post_delete(self, sender, document, **kwargs):
         pickled = pickle.dumps(document)
 
+
 signals.post_save.connect(PickleSignalsTest.post_save, sender=PickleSignalsTest)
 signals.post_delete.connect(PickleSignalsTest.post_delete, sender=PickleSignalsTest)
 

tests/queryset/field_list.py

@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ class OnlyExcludeAllTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         BlogPost.drop_collection()
 
-        post = BlogPost(content='Had a good coffee today...', various={'test_dynamic':{'some': True}})
+        post = BlogPost(content='Had a good coffee today...', various={'test_dynamic': {'some': True}})
         post.author = User(name='Test User')
         post.comments = [Comment(title='I aggree', text='Great post!'), Comment(title='Coffee', text='I hate coffee')]
         post.save()
@@ -413,7 +413,6 @@ class OnlyExcludeAllTest(unittest.TestCase):
         numbers = Numbers.objects.fields(embedded__n={"$slice": [-5, 10]}).get()
         self.assertEqual(numbers.embedded.n, [-5, -4, -3, -2, -1])
 
-
     def test_exclude_from_subclasses_docs(self):
 
         class Base(Document):
@@ -436,5 +435,6 @@ class OnlyExcludeAllTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertRaises(LookUpError, Base.objects.exclude, "made_up")
 
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

tests/queryset/geo.py

@@ -534,11 +534,11 @@ class GeoQueriesTest(MongoDBTestCase):
 
         Location.drop_collection()
 
-        Location(loc=[1,2]).save()
+        Location(loc=[1, 2]).save()
         loc = Location.objects.as_pymongo()[0]
         self.assertEqual(loc["loc"], {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1, 2]})
 
-        Location.objects.update(set__loc=[2,1])
+        Location.objects.update(set__loc=[2, 1])
         loc = Location.objects.as_pymongo()[0]
         self.assertEqual(loc["loc"], {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [2, 1]})
 

tests/queryset/pickable.py

@@ -6,10 +6,12 @@ from mongoengine.connection import connect
 
 __author__ = 'stas'
 
+
 class Person(Document):
     name = StringField()
     age = IntField()
 
+
 class TestQuerysetPickable(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     Test for adding pickling support for QuerySet instances
@@ -18,7 +20,7 @@ class TestQuerysetPickable(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         super(TestQuerysetPickable, self).setUp()
 
-        connection = connect(db="test") #type: pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient
+        connection = connect(db="test")  # type: pymongo.mongo_client.MongoClient
 
         connection.drop_database("test")
 
@@ -27,7 +29,6 @@ class TestQuerysetPickable(unittest.TestCase):
             age=21
         )
 
-
     def test_picke_simple_qs(self):
 
         qs = Person.objects.all()
@@ -46,10 +47,10 @@ class TestQuerysetPickable(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(qs.count(), loadedQs.count())
 
-        #can update loadedQs
+        # can update loadedQs
         loadedQs.update(age=23)
 
-        #check
+        # check
         self.assertEqual(Person.objects.first().age, 23)
 
     def test_pickle_support_filtration(self):
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ class TestQuerysetPickable(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(loaded.count(), 2)
         self.assertEqual(loaded.filter(name="Bob").first().age, 23)
-    
+
 
 
 

tests/queryset/queryset.py

@@ -12,18 +12,17 @@ from pymongo.errors import ConfigurationError
 from pymongo.read_preferences import ReadPreference
 from pymongo.results import UpdateResult
 import six
+from six import iteritems
 
 from mongoengine import *
 from mongoengine.connection import get_connection, get_db
 from mongoengine.context_managers import query_counter, switch_db
 from mongoengine.errors import InvalidQueryError
-from mongoengine.python_support import IS_PYMONGO_3
+from mongoengine.mongodb_support import get_mongodb_version, MONGODB_32
+from mongoengine.pymongo_support import IS_PYMONGO_3
 from mongoengine.queryset import (DoesNotExist, MultipleObjectsReturned,
                                   QuerySet, QuerySetManager, queryset_manager)
-
-from tests.utils import requires_mongodb_gte_26, skip_pymongo3, get_mongodb_version, MONGODB_32
-
-__all__ = ("QuerySetTest",)
+from tests.utils import requires_mongodb_gte_26, skip_pymongo3
 
 
 class db_ops_tracker(query_counter):
@@ -395,6 +394,16 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             list(qs)
 
+    def test_batch_size_cloned(self):
+        class A(Document):
+            s = StringField()
+
+        # test that batch size gets cloned
+        qs = A.objects.batch_size(5)
+        self.assertEqual(qs._batch_size, 5)
+        qs_clone = qs.clone()
+        self.assertEqual(qs_clone._batch_size, 5)
+
     def test_update_write_concern(self):
         """Test that passing write_concern works"""
         self.Person.drop_collection()
@@ -851,8 +860,8 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(q, 0)
             Blog.objects.insert(blogs, load_bulk=False)
 
-            if MONGO_VER == MONGODB_32:
-                self.assertEqual(q, 1)              # 1 entry containing the list of inserts
+            if MONGO_VER >= MONGODB_32:
+                self.assertEqual(q, 1)      # 1 entry containing the list of inserts
             else:
                 self.assertEqual(q, len(blogs))     # 1 entry per doc inserted
 
@@ -868,8 +877,8 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(q, 0)
             Blog.objects.insert(blogs)
 
-            if MONGO_VER == MONGODB_32:
-                self.assertEqual(q, 2)                  # 1 for insert 1 for fetch
+            if MONGO_VER >= MONGODB_32:
+                self.assertEqual(q, 2)              # 1 for insert 1 for fetch
             else:
                 self.assertEqual(q, len(blogs)+1)       # + 1 to fetch all docs
 
@@ -1203,7 +1212,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         """Ensure filters can be chained together.
         """
         class Blog(Document):
-            id = StringField(unique=True, primary_key=True)
+            id = StringField(primary_key=True)
 
         class BlogPost(Document):
             blog = ReferenceField(Blog)
@@ -1315,7 +1324,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         order_by() w/o any arguments.
         """
         MONGO_VER = self.mongodb_version
-        ORDER_BY_KEY = 'sort' if MONGO_VER == MONGODB_32 else '$orderby'
+        ORDER_BY_KEY = 'sort' if MONGO_VER >= MONGODB_32 else '$orderby'
 
         class BlogPost(Document):
             title = StringField()
@@ -2233,6 +2242,19 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         bar.reload()
         self.assertEqual(len(bar.foos), 0)
 
+    def test_update_one_check_return_with_full_result(self):
+        class BlogTag(Document):
+            name = StringField(required=True)
+
+        BlogTag.drop_collection()
+
+        BlogTag(name='garbage').save()
+        default_update = BlogTag.objects.update_one(name='new')
+        self.assertEqual(default_update, 1)
+
+        full_result_update = BlogTag.objects.update_one(name='new', full_result=True)
+        self.assertIsInstance(full_result_update, UpdateResult)
+
     def test_update_one_pop_generic_reference(self):
 
         class BlogTag(Document):
@@ -2510,8 +2532,8 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_comment(self):
         """Make sure adding a comment to the query gets added to the query"""
         MONGO_VER = self.mongodb_version
-        QUERY_KEY = 'filter' if MONGO_VER == MONGODB_32 else '$query'
-        COMMENT_KEY = 'comment' if MONGO_VER == MONGODB_32 else '$comment'
+        QUERY_KEY = 'filter' if MONGO_VER >= MONGODB_32 else '$query'
+        COMMENT_KEY = 'comment' if MONGO_VER >= MONGODB_32 else '$comment'
 
         class User(Document):
             age = IntField()
@@ -3335,7 +3357,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
             meta = {'indexes': [
                 {'fields': ['$title', "$content"],
                  'default_language': 'portuguese',
-                 'weight': {'title': 10, 'content': 2}
+                 'weights': {'title': 10, 'content': 2}
                  }
             ]}
 
@@ -4026,7 +4048,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         info = [(value['key'],
                  value.get('unique', False),
                  value.get('sparse', False))
-                for key, value in info.iteritems()]
+                for key, value in iteritems(info)]
         self.assertIn(([('_cls', 1), ('message', 1)], False, False), info)
 
     def test_where(self):
@@ -4037,7 +4059,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
             fielda = IntField()
             fieldb = IntField()
 
-        IntPair.objects._collection.remove()
+        IntPair.drop_collection()
 
         a = IntPair(fielda=1, fieldb=1)
         b = IntPair(fielda=1, fieldb=2)
@@ -4628,14 +4650,12 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(doc_objects, Doc.objects.from_json(json_data))
 
     def test_as_pymongo(self):
-        from decimal import Decimal
-
         class LastLogin(EmbeddedDocument):
             location = StringField()
             ip = StringField()
 
         class User(Document):
-            id = ObjectIdField('_id')
+            id = StringField(primary_key=True)
             name = StringField()
             age = IntField()
             price = DecimalField()
@@ -4643,9 +4663,10 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         User.drop_collection()
 
-        User.objects.create(name="Bob Dole", age=89, price=Decimal('1.11'))
+        User.objects.create(id='Bob', name="Bob Dole", age=89, price=Decimal('1.11'))
         User.objects.create(
-            name="Barack Obama",
+            id='Barak',
+            name="Barak Obama",
             age=51,
             price=Decimal('2.22'),
             last_login=LastLogin(
@@ -4673,7 +4694,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIsInstance(results[1], dict)
         self.assertEqual(results[0]['name'], 'Bob Dole')
         self.assertEqual(results[0]['price'], 1.11)
-        self.assertEqual(results[1]['name'], 'Barack Obama')
+        self.assertEqual(results[1]['name'], 'Barak Obama')
         self.assertEqual(results[1]['price'], 2.22)
 
         users = User.objects.only('name', 'last_login').as_pymongo()
@@ -4681,16 +4702,36 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIsInstance(results[0], dict)
         self.assertIsInstance(results[1], dict)
         self.assertEqual(results[0], {
+            '_id': 'Bob',
             'name': 'Bob Dole'
         })
         self.assertEqual(results[1], {
-            'name': 'Barack Obama',
+            '_id': 'Barak',
+            'name': 'Barak Obama',
             'last_login': {
                 'location': 'White House',
                 'ip': '104.107.108.116'
             }
         })
 
+    def test_as_pymongo_returns_cls_attribute_when_using_inheritance(self):
+        class User(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            meta = {'allow_inheritance': True}
+
+        User.drop_collection()
+
+        user = User(name="Bob Dole").save()
+        result = User.objects.as_pymongo().first()
+        self.assertEqual(
+            result,
+            {
+                '_cls': 'User',
+                '_id': user.id,
+                'name': 'Bob Dole'
+            }
+        )
+
     def test_as_pymongo_json_limit_fields(self):
 
         class User(Document):
@@ -4706,19 +4747,49 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         serialized_user = User.objects.exclude(
             'password_salt', 'password_hash').as_pymongo()[0]
-        self.assertEqual(set(['_id', 'email']), set(serialized_user.keys()))
+        self.assertEqual({'_id', 'email'}, set(serialized_user.keys()))
 
         serialized_user = User.objects.exclude(
             'id', 'password_salt', 'password_hash').to_json()
         self.assertEqual('[{"email": "ross@example.com"}]', serialized_user)
 
-        serialized_user = User.objects.exclude(
-            'password_salt').only('email').as_pymongo()[0]
-        self.assertEqual(set(['email']), set(serialized_user.keys()))
+        serialized_user = User.objects.only('email').as_pymongo()[0]
+        self.assertEqual({'_id', 'email'}, set(serialized_user.keys()))
 
         serialized_user = User.objects.exclude(
-            'password_salt').only('email').to_json()
-        self.assertEqual('[{"email": "ross@example.com"}]', serialized_user)
+            'password_salt').only('email').as_pymongo()[0]
+        self.assertEqual({'_id', 'email'}, set(serialized_user.keys()))
+
+        serialized_user = User.objects.exclude(
+            'password_salt', 'id').only('email').as_pymongo()[0]
+        self.assertEqual({'email'}, set(serialized_user.keys()))
+
+        serialized_user = User.objects.exclude(
+            'password_salt', 'id').only('email').to_json()
+        self.assertEqual('[{"email": "ross@example.com"}]',
+                         serialized_user)
+
+    def test_only_after_count(self):
+        """Test that only() works after count()"""
+
+        class User(Document):
+            name = StringField()
+            age = IntField()
+            address = StringField()
+        User.drop_collection()
+        user = User(name="User", age=50,
+                    address="Moscow, Russia").save()
+
+        user_queryset = User.objects(age=50)
+
+        result = user_queryset.only("name", "age").as_pymongo().first()
+        self.assertEqual(result, {"_id": user.id, "name": "User", "age": 50})
+
+        result = user_queryset.count()
+        self.assertEqual(result, 1)
+
+        result = user_queryset.only("name", "age").as_pymongo().first()
+        self.assertEqual(result, {"_id": user.id, "name": "User", "age": 50})
 
     def test_no_dereference(self):
 
@@ -5068,7 +5139,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_query_reference_to_custom_pk_doc(self):
 
         class A(Document):
-            id = StringField(unique=True, primary_key=True)
+            id = StringField(primary_key=True)
 
         class B(Document):
             a = ReferenceField(A)
@@ -5173,7 +5244,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_bool_with_ordering(self):
         MONGO_VER = self.mongodb_version
-        ORDER_BY_KEY = 'sort' if MONGO_VER == MONGODB_32 else '$orderby'
+        ORDER_BY_KEY = 'sort' if MONGO_VER >= MONGODB_32 else '$orderby'
 
         class Person(Document):
             name = StringField()
@@ -5323,7 +5394,7 @@ class QuerySetTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         Person.drop_collection()
 
-        Person._get_collection().insert({'name': 'a', 'id': ''})
+        Person._get_collection().insert_one({'name': 'a', 'id': ''})
         for p in Person.objects():
             self.assertEqual(p.name, 'a')
 

tests/queryset/visitor.py

@@ -275,7 +275,6 @@ class QTest(unittest.TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(InvalidQueryError):
             self.Person.objects.filter('user1')
 
-
     def test_q_regex(self):
         """Ensure that Q objects can be queried using regexes.
         """

tests/test_connection.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from mongoengine import (
     connect, register_connection,
     Document, DateTimeField
 )
-from mongoengine.python_support import IS_PYMONGO_3
+from mongoengine.pymongo_support import IS_PYMONGO_3
 import mongoengine.connection
 from mongoengine.connection import (MongoEngineConnectionError, get_db,
                                     get_connection)
@@ -99,11 +99,11 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         conn = get_connection()
         self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
-        connect(host=['mongodb://localhost'], is_mock=True,  alias='testdb2')
+        connect(host=['mongodb://localhost'], is_mock=True, alias='testdb2')
         conn = get_connection('testdb2')
         self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
-        connect(host=['localhost'], is_mock=True,  alias='testdb3')
+        connect(host=['localhost'], is_mock=True, alias='testdb3')
         conn = get_connection('testdb3')
         self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
@@ -111,11 +111,11 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         conn = get_connection('testdb4')
         self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
-        connect(host=['mongodb://localhost:27017', 'mongodb://localhost:27018'], is_mock=True,  alias='testdb5')
+        connect(host=['mongodb://localhost:27017', 'mongodb://localhost:27018'], is_mock=True, alias='testdb5')
         conn = get_connection('testdb5')
         self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
-        connect(host=['localhost:27017', 'localhost:27018'], is_mock=True,  alias='testdb6')
+        connect(host=['localhost:27017', 'localhost:27018'], is_mock=True, alias='testdb6')
         conn = get_connection('testdb6')
         self.assertIsInstance(conn, mongomock.MongoClient)
 
@@ -147,12 +147,12 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_connect_uri(self):
         """Ensure that the connect() method works properly with URIs."""
         c = connect(db='mongoenginetest', alias='admin')
-        c.admin.system.users.remove({})
-        c.mongoenginetest.system.users.remove({})
+        c.admin.system.users.delete_many({})
+        c.mongoenginetest.system.users.delete_many({})
 
-        c.admin.add_user("admin", "password")
+        c.admin.command("createUser", "admin", pwd="password", roles=["root"])
         c.admin.authenticate("admin", "password")
-        c.mongoenginetest.add_user("username", "password")
+        c.admin.command("createUser", "username", pwd="password", roles=["dbOwner"])
 
         if not IS_PYMONGO_3:
             self.assertRaises(
@@ -169,8 +169,8 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIsInstance(db, pymongo.database.Database)
         self.assertEqual(db.name, 'mongoenginetest')
 
-        c.admin.system.users.remove({})
-        c.mongoenginetest.system.users.remove({})
+        c.admin.system.users.delete_many({})
+        c.mongoenginetest.system.users.delete_many({})
 
     def test_connect_uri_without_db(self):
         """Ensure connect() method works properly if the URI doesn't
@@ -217,8 +217,9 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         """
         # Create users
         c = connect('mongoenginetest')
-        c.admin.system.users.remove({})
-        c.admin.add_user('username2', 'password')
+
+        c.admin.system.users.delete_many({})
+        c.admin.command("createUser", "username2", pwd="password", roles=["dbOwner"])
 
         # Authentication fails without "authSource"
         if IS_PYMONGO_3:
@@ -246,7 +247,7 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(db.name, 'mongoenginetest')
 
         # Clear all users
-        authd_conn.admin.system.users.remove({})
+        authd_conn.admin.system.users.delete_many({})
 
     def test_register_connection(self):
         """Ensure that connections with different aliases may be registered.

tests/test_context_managers.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from mongoengine.connection import get_db
 from mongoengine.context_managers import (switch_db, switch_collection,
                                           no_sub_classes, no_dereference,
                                           query_counter)
+from mongoengine.pymongo_support import count_documents
 
 
 class ContextManagersTest(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -240,7 +241,7 @@ class ContextManagersTest(unittest.TestCase):
         collection.drop()
 
         def issue_1_count_query():
-            collection.find({}).count()
+            count_documents(collection, {})
 
         def issue_1_insert_query():
             collection.insert_one({'test': 'garbage'})
@@ -302,5 +303,6 @@ class ContextManagersTest(unittest.TestCase):
             _ = db.system.indexes.find_one()    # queries on db.system.indexes are ignored as well
             self.assertEqual(q, 1)
 
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

tests/test_datastructures.py

@@ -1,22 +1,361 @@
 import unittest
 
-from mongoengine.base.datastructures import StrictDict, BaseList
+from mongoengine import Document
+from mongoengine.base.datastructures import StrictDict, BaseList, BaseDict
+
+
+class DocumentStub(object):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._changed_fields = []
+
+    def _mark_as_changed(self, key):
+        self._changed_fields.append(key)
+
+
+class TestBaseDict(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_basedict(dict_items):
+        """Get a BaseList bound to a fake document instance"""
+        fake_doc = DocumentStub()
+        base_list = BaseDict(dict_items, instance=None, name='my_name')
+        base_list._instance = fake_doc  # hack to inject the mock, it does not work in the constructor
+        return base_list
+
+    def test___init___(self):
+        class MyDoc(Document):
+            pass
+
+        dict_items = {'k': 'v'}
+        doc = MyDoc()
+        base_dict = BaseDict(dict_items, instance=doc, name='my_name')
+        self.assertIsInstance(base_dict._instance, Document)
+        self.assertEqual(base_dict._name, 'my_name')
+        self.assertEqual(base_dict, dict_items)
+
+    def test_setdefault_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
+        base_dict = self._get_basedict({})
+        base_dict.setdefault('k', 'v')
+        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, [base_dict._name])
+
+    def test_popitems_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
+        base_dict = self._get_basedict({'k': 'v'})
+        self.assertEqual(base_dict.popitem(), ('k', 'v'))
+        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, [base_dict._name])
+        self.assertFalse(base_dict)
+
+    def test_pop_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
+        base_dict = self._get_basedict({'k': 'v'})
+        self.assertEqual(base_dict.pop('k'), 'v')
+        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, [base_dict._name])
+        self.assertFalse(base_dict)
+
+    def test_pop_calls_does_not_mark_as_changed_when_it_fails(self):
+        base_dict = self._get_basedict({'k': 'v'})
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+            base_dict.pop('X')
+        self.assertFalse(base_dict._instance._changed_fields)
+
+    def test_clear_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
+        base_dict = self._get_basedict({'k': 'v'})
+        base_dict.clear()
+        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name'])
+        self.assertEqual(base_dict, {})
+
+    def test___delitem___calls_mark_as_changed(self):
+        base_dict = self._get_basedict({'k': 'v'})
+        del base_dict['k']
+        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name.k'])
+        self.assertEqual(base_dict, {})
+
+    def test___getitem____KeyError(self):
+        base_dict = self._get_basedict({})
+        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
+            base_dict['new']
+
+    def test___getitem____simple_value(self):
+        base_dict = self._get_basedict({'k': 'v'})
+        base_dict['k'] = 'v'
+
+    def test___getitem____sublist_gets_converted_to_BaseList(self):
+        base_dict = self._get_basedict({'k': [0, 1, 2]})
+        sub_list = base_dict['k']
+        self.assertEqual(sub_list, [0, 1, 2])
+        self.assertIsInstance(sub_list, BaseList)
+        self.assertIs(sub_list._instance, base_dict._instance)
+        self.assertEqual(sub_list._name, 'my_name.k')
+        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, [])
+
+        # Challenge mark_as_changed from sublist
+        sub_list[1] = None
+        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name.k.1'])
+
+    def test___getitem____subdict_gets_converted_to_BaseDict(self):
+        base_dict = self._get_basedict({'k': {'subk': 'subv'}})
+        sub_dict = base_dict['k']
+        self.assertEqual(sub_dict, {'subk': 'subv'})
+        self.assertIsInstance(sub_dict, BaseDict)
+        self.assertIs(sub_dict._instance, base_dict._instance)
+        self.assertEqual(sub_dict._name, 'my_name.k')
+        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, [])
+
+        # Challenge mark_as_changed from subdict
+        sub_dict['subk'] = None
+        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name.k.subk'])
+
+    def test_get_sublist_gets_converted_to_BaseList_just_like__getitem__(self):
+        base_dict = self._get_basedict({'k': [0, 1, 2]})
+        sub_list = base_dict.get('k')
+        self.assertEqual(sub_list, [0, 1, 2])
+        self.assertIsInstance(sub_list, BaseList)
+
+    def test_get_returns_the_same_as___getitem__(self):
+        base_dict = self._get_basedict({'k': [0, 1, 2]})
+        get_ = base_dict.get('k')
+        getitem_ = base_dict['k']
+        self.assertEqual(get_, getitem_)
+
+    def test_get_default(self):
+        base_dict = self._get_basedict({})
+        sentinel = object()
+        self.assertEqual(base_dict.get('new'), None)
+        self.assertIs(base_dict.get('new', sentinel), sentinel)
+
+    def test___setitem___calls_mark_as_changed(self):
+        base_dict = self._get_basedict({})
+        base_dict['k'] = 'v'
+        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name.k'])
+        self.assertEqual(base_dict, {'k': 'v'})
+
+    def test_update_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
+        base_dict = self._get_basedict({})
+        base_dict.update({'k': 'v'})
+        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name'])
+
+    def test___setattr____not_tracked_by_changes(self):
+        base_dict = self._get_basedict({})
+        base_dict.a_new_attr = 'test'
+        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, [])
+
+    def test___delattr____tracked_by_changes(self):
+        # This is probably a bug as __setattr__ is not tracked
+        # This is even bad because it could be that there is an attribute
+        # with the same name as a key
+        base_dict = self._get_basedict({})
+        base_dict.a_new_attr = 'test'
+        del base_dict.a_new_attr
+        self.assertEqual(base_dict._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name.a_new_attr'])
 
 
 class TestBaseList(unittest.TestCase):
 
-    def test_iter_simple(self):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_baselist(list_items):
+        """Get a BaseList bound to a fake document instance"""
+        fake_doc = DocumentStub()
+        base_list = BaseList(list_items, instance=None, name='my_name')
+        base_list._instance = fake_doc  # hack to inject the mock, it does not work in the constructor
+        return base_list
+
+    def test___init___(self):
+        class MyDoc(Document):
+            pass
+
+        list_items = [True]
+        doc = MyDoc()
+        base_list = BaseList(list_items, instance=doc, name='my_name')
+        self.assertIsInstance(base_list._instance, Document)
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._name, 'my_name')
+        self.assertEqual(base_list, list_items)
+
+    def test___iter__(self):
         values = [True, False, True, False]
         base_list = BaseList(values, instance=None, name='my_name')
         self.assertEqual(values, list(base_list))
 
-    def test_iter_allow_modification_while_iterating_withou_error(self):
+    def test___iter___allow_modification_while_iterating_withou_error(self):
         # regular list allows for this, thus this subclass must comply to that
         base_list = BaseList([True, False, True, False], instance=None, name='my_name')
         for idx, val in enumerate(base_list):
             if val:
                 base_list.pop(idx)
 
+    def test_append_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
+        base_list = self._get_baselist([])
+        self.assertFalse(base_list._instance._changed_fields)
+        base_list.append(True)
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name'])
+
+    def test_subclass_append(self):
+        # Due to the way mark_as_changed_wrapper is implemented
+        # it is good to test subclasses
+        class SubBaseList(BaseList):
+            pass
+
+        base_list = SubBaseList([], instance=None, name='my_name')
+        base_list.append(True)
+
+    def test___getitem__using_simple_index(self):
+        base_list = self._get_baselist([0, 1, 2])
+        self.assertEqual(base_list[0], 0)
+        self.assertEqual(base_list[1], 1)
+        self.assertEqual(base_list[-1], 2)
+
+    def test___getitem__using_slice(self):
+        base_list = self._get_baselist([0, 1, 2])
+        self.assertEqual(base_list[1:3], [1, 2])
+        self.assertEqual(base_list[0:3:2], [0, 2])
+
+    def test___getitem___using_slice_returns_list(self):
+        # Bug: using slice does not properly handles the instance
+        # and mark_as_changed behaviour.
+        base_list = self._get_baselist([0, 1, 2])
+        sliced = base_list[1:3]
+        self.assertEqual(sliced, [1, 2])
+        self.assertIsInstance(sliced, list)
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, [])
+
+    def test___getitem__sublist_returns_BaseList_bound_to_instance(self):
+        base_list = self._get_baselist(
+            [
+                [1, 2],
+                [3, 4]
+            ]
+        )
+        sub_list = base_list[0]
+        self.assertEqual(sub_list, [1, 2])
+        self.assertIsInstance(sub_list, BaseList)
+        self.assertIs(sub_list._instance, base_list._instance)
+        self.assertEqual(sub_list._name, 'my_name.0')
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, [])
+
+        # Challenge mark_as_changed from sublist
+        sub_list[1] = None
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name.0.1'])
+
+    def test___getitem__subdict_returns_BaseList_bound_to_instance(self):
+        base_list = self._get_baselist(
+            [
+                {'subk': 'subv'}
+            ]
+        )
+        sub_dict = base_list[0]
+        self.assertEqual(sub_dict, {'subk': 'subv'})
+        self.assertIsInstance(sub_dict, BaseDict)
+        self.assertIs(sub_dict._instance, base_list._instance)
+        self.assertEqual(sub_dict._name, 'my_name.0')
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, [])
+
+        # Challenge mark_as_changed from subdict
+        sub_dict['subk'] = None
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name.0.subk'])
+
+    def test_extend_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
+        base_list = self._get_baselist([])
+        base_list.extend([True])
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name'])
+
+    def test_insert_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
+        base_list = self._get_baselist([])
+        base_list.insert(0, True)
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name'])
+
+    def test_remove_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
+        base_list = self._get_baselist([True])
+        base_list.remove(True)
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name'])
+
+    def test_remove_not_mark_as_changed_when_it_fails(self):
+        base_list = self._get_baselist([True])
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            base_list.remove(False)
+        self.assertFalse(base_list._instance._changed_fields)
+
+    def test_pop_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
+        base_list = self._get_baselist([True])
+        base_list.pop()
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name'])
+
+    def test_reverse_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
+        base_list = self._get_baselist([True, False])
+        base_list.reverse()
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name'])
+
+    def test___delitem___calls_mark_as_changed(self):
+        base_list = self._get_baselist([True])
+        del base_list[0]
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name'])
+
+    def test___setitem___calls_with_full_slice_mark_as_changed(self):
+        base_list = self._get_baselist([])
+        base_list[:] = [0, 1]      # Will use __setslice__ under py2 and __setitem__ under py3
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name'])
+        self.assertEqual(base_list, [0, 1])
+
+    def test___setitem___calls_with_partial_slice_mark_as_changed(self):
+        base_list = self._get_baselist([0, 1, 2])
+        base_list[0:2] = [1, 0]     # Will use __setslice__ under py2 and __setitem__ under py3
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name'])
+        self.assertEqual(base_list, [1, 0, 2])
+
+    def test___setitem___calls_with_step_slice_mark_as_changed(self):
+        base_list = self._get_baselist([0, 1, 2])
+        base_list[0:3:2] = [-1, -2]   # uses __setitem__ in both py2 & 3
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name'])
+        self.assertEqual(base_list, [-1, 1, -2])
+
+    def test___setitem___with_slice(self):
+        base_list = self._get_baselist([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+        base_list[0:6:2] = [None, None, None]
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name'])
+        self.assertEqual(base_list, [None, 1, None, 3, None, 5])
+
+    def test___setitem___item_0_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
+        base_list = self._get_baselist([True])
+        base_list[0] = False
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name'])
+        self.assertEqual(base_list, [False])
+
+    def test___setitem___item_1_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
+        base_list = self._get_baselist([True, True])
+        base_list[1] = False
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name.1'])
+        self.assertEqual(base_list, [True, False])
+
+    def test___delslice___calls_mark_as_changed(self):
+        base_list = self._get_baselist([0, 1])
+        del base_list[0:1]
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name'])
+        self.assertEqual(base_list, [1])
+
+    def test___iadd___calls_mark_as_changed(self):
+        base_list = self._get_baselist([True])
+        base_list += [False]
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name'])
+
+    def test___imul___calls_mark_as_changed(self):
+        base_list = self._get_baselist([True])
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, [])
+        base_list *= 2
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name'])
+
+    def test_sort_calls_not_marked_as_changed_when_it_fails(self):
+        base_list = self._get_baselist([True])
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            base_list.sort(key=1)
+
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, [])
+
+    def test_sort_calls_mark_as_changed(self):
+        base_list = self._get_baselist([True, False])
+        base_list.sort()
+        self.assertEqual(base_list._instance._changed_fields, ['my_name'])
+
+    def test_sort_calls_with_key(self):
+        base_list = self._get_baselist([1, 2, 11])
+        base_list.sort(key=lambda i: str(i))
+        self.assertEqual(base_list, [1, 11, 2])
+
 
 class TestStrictDict(unittest.TestCase):
     def strict_dict_class(self, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -87,8 +426,8 @@ class TestStrictDict(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_mappings_protocol(self):
         d = self.dtype(a=1, b=2)
-        assert dict(d) == {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
-        assert dict(**d) == {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
+        self.assertEqual(dict(d), {'a': 1, 'b': 2})
+        self.assertEqual(dict(**d), {'a': 1, 'b': 2})
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':

tests/test_dereference.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 import unittest
 
 from bson import DBRef, ObjectId
+from six import iteritems
 
 from mongoengine import *
 from mongoengine.connection import get_db
@@ -632,7 +633,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
             self.assertEqual(q, 2)
 
-            for k, m in group_obj.members.iteritems():
+            for k, m in iteritems(group_obj.members):
                 self.assertIsInstance(m, User)
 
         # Document select_related
@@ -645,7 +646,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
             self.assertEqual(q, 2)
 
-            for k, m in group_obj.members.iteritems():
+            for k, m in iteritems(group_obj.members):
                 self.assertIsInstance(m, User)
 
        # Queryset select_related
@@ -659,7 +660,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 [m for m in group_obj.members]
                 self.assertEqual(q, 2)
 
-                for k, m in group_obj.members.iteritems():
+                for k, m in iteritems(group_obj.members):
                     self.assertIsInstance(m, User)
 
         User.drop_collection()
@@ -714,7 +715,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
             self.assertEqual(q, 4)
 
-            for k, m in group_obj.members.iteritems():
+            for k, m in iteritems(group_obj.members):
                 self.assertIn('User', m.__class__.__name__)
 
         # Document select_related
@@ -730,7 +731,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
             self.assertEqual(q, 4)
 
-            for k, m in group_obj.members.iteritems():
+            for k, m in iteritems(group_obj.members):
                 self.assertIn('User', m.__class__.__name__)
 
         # Queryset select_related
@@ -747,7 +748,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 [m for m in group_obj.members]
                 self.assertEqual(q, 4)
 
-                for k, m in group_obj.members.iteritems():
+                for k, m in iteritems(group_obj.members):
                     self.assertIn('User', m.__class__.__name__)
 
         Group.objects.delete()
@@ -805,7 +806,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
             self.assertEqual(q, 2)
 
-            for k, m in group_obj.members.iteritems():
+            for k, m in iteritems(group_obj.members):
                 self.assertIsInstance(m, UserA)
 
         # Document select_related
@@ -821,7 +822,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
             self.assertEqual(q, 2)
 
-            for k, m in group_obj.members.iteritems():
+            for k, m in iteritems(group_obj.members):
                 self.assertIsInstance(m, UserA)
 
         # Queryset select_related
@@ -838,7 +839,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 [m for m in group_obj.members]
                 self.assertEqual(q, 2)
 
-                for k, m in group_obj.members.iteritems():
+                for k, m in iteritems(group_obj.members):
                     self.assertIsInstance(m, UserA)
 
         UserA.drop_collection()
@@ -893,7 +894,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
             self.assertEqual(q, 4)
 
-            for k, m in group_obj.members.iteritems():
+            for k, m in iteritems(group_obj.members):
                 self.assertIn('User', m.__class__.__name__)
 
         # Document select_related
@@ -909,7 +910,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
             [m for m in group_obj.members]
             self.assertEqual(q, 4)
 
-            for k, m in group_obj.members.iteritems():
+            for k, m in iteritems(group_obj.members):
                 self.assertIn('User', m.__class__.__name__)
 
         # Queryset select_related
@@ -926,7 +927,7 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
                 [m for m in group_obj.members]
                 self.assertEqual(q, 4)
 
-                for k, m in group_obj.members.iteritems():
+                for k, m in iteritems(group_obj.members):
                     self.assertIn('User', m.__class__.__name__)
 
         Group.objects.delete()
@@ -1064,7 +1065,6 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(msg.author, user)
         self.assertEqual(msg.author.name, 'new-name')
 
-
     def test_list_lookup_not_checked_in_map(self):
         """Ensure we dereference list data correctly
         """
@@ -1286,5 +1286,6 @@ class FieldTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
             self.assertEqual(q, 2)
 
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

tests/test_replicaset_connection.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import unittest
 
 from pymongo import ReadPreference
 
-from mongoengine.python_support import IS_PYMONGO_3
+from mongoengine.pymongo_support import IS_PYMONGO_3
 
 if IS_PYMONGO_3:
     from pymongo import MongoClient
@@ -47,5 +47,6 @@ class ConnectionTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(conn.read_preference, READ_PREF)
 
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

tests/test_signals.py

@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
             def post_init(cls, sender, document, **kwargs):
                 signal_output.append('post_init signal, %s, document._created = %s' % (document, document._created))
 
-
             @classmethod
             def pre_save(cls, sender, document, **kwargs):
                 signal_output.append('pre_save signal, %s' % document)
@@ -247,7 +246,7 @@ class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
         def load_existing_author():
             a  = self.Author(name='Bill Shakespeare')
             a.save()
-            self.get_signal_output(lambda: None) # eliminate signal output
+            self.get_signal_output(lambda: None)  # eliminate signal output
             a1 = self.Author.objects(name='Bill Shakespeare')[0]
 
         self.assertEqual(self.get_signal_output(create_author), [
@@ -431,5 +430,6 @@ class SignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
             {}
         ])
 
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

tests/utils.py

@@ -1,22 +1,17 @@
+import operator
 import unittest
 
 from nose.plugins.skip import SkipTest
 
 from mongoengine import connect
-from mongoengine.connection import get_db, get_connection
-from mongoengine.python_support import IS_PYMONGO_3
+from mongoengine.connection import get_db
+from mongoengine.mongodb_support import get_mongodb_version, MONGODB_26, MONGODB_3, MONGODB_32, MONGODB_34
+from mongoengine.pymongo_support import IS_PYMONGO_3
 
 
 MONGO_TEST_DB = 'mongoenginetest'   # standard name for the test database
 
 
-# Constant that can be used to compare the version retrieved with
-# get_mongodb_version()
-MONGODB_26 = (2, 6)
-MONGODB_3 = (3,0)
-MONGODB_32 = (3, 2)
-
-
 class MongoDBTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     """Base class for tests that need a mongodb connection
     It ensures that the db is clean at the beginning and dropped at the end automatically
@@ -33,46 +28,56 @@ class MongoDBTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         cls._connection.drop_database(MONGO_TEST_DB)
 
 
-def get_mongodb_version():
-    """Return the version of the connected mongoDB (first 2 digits)
-
-    :return: tuple(int, int)
-    """
-    version_list = get_connection().server_info()['versionArray'][:2]     # e.g: (3, 2)
-    return tuple(version_list)
+def get_as_pymongo(doc):
+    """Fetch the pymongo version of a certain Document"""
+    return doc.__class__.objects.as_pymongo().get(id=doc.id)
 
 
-def _decorated_with_ver_requirement(func, version):
+def _decorated_with_ver_requirement(func, mongo_version_req, oper):
     """Return a given function decorated with the version requirement
     for a particular MongoDB version tuple.
 
-    :param version: The version required (tuple(int, int))
+    :param mongo_version_req: The mongodb version requirement (tuple(int, int))
+    :param oper: The operator to apply (e.g: operator.ge)
     """
     def _inner(*args, **kwargs):
-        MONGODB_V = get_mongodb_version()
-        if MONGODB_V >= version:
+        mongodb_v = get_mongodb_version()
+        if oper(mongodb_v, mongo_version_req):
             return func(*args, **kwargs)
 
-        raise SkipTest('Needs MongoDB v{}+'.format('.'.join(str(n) for n in version)))
+        raise SkipTest('Needs MongoDB v{}+'.format('.'.join(str(n) for n in mongo_version_req)))
 
     _inner.__name__ = func.__name__
     _inner.__doc__ = func.__doc__
-
     return _inner
 
 
+def requires_mongodb_gte_34(func):
+    """Raise a SkipTest exception if we're working with MongoDB version
+    lower than v3.4
+    """
+    return _decorated_with_ver_requirement(func, MONGODB_34, oper=operator.ge)
+
+
+def requires_mongodb_lte_32(func):
+    """Raise a SkipTest exception if we're working with MongoDB version
+    greater than v3.2.
+    """
+    return _decorated_with_ver_requirement(func, MONGODB_32, oper=operator.le)
+
+
 def requires_mongodb_gte_26(func):
     """Raise a SkipTest exception if we're working with MongoDB version
     lower than v2.6.
     """
-    return _decorated_with_ver_requirement(func, MONGODB_26)
+    return _decorated_with_ver_requirement(func, MONGODB_26, oper=operator.ge)
 
 
 def requires_mongodb_gte_3(func):
     """Raise a SkipTest exception if we're working with MongoDB version
     lower than v3.0.
     """
-    return _decorated_with_ver_requirement(func, MONGODB_3)
+    return _decorated_with_ver_requirement(func, MONGODB_3, oper=operator.ge)
 
 
 def skip_pymongo3(f):